[ID:4-2234741][精]2016中考英语阅读理解系列训练（6）及答案
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[ID:4-2234741][精]2016中考英语阅读理解系列训练（6）及答案
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GRE阅读真题之OG Passage 6.
来源：新东方
作者：上海新东方
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I enjoyed&A Dream of Light & Shadow: Portraits of Latin American Women Writers&for the same reasons that, as a child, I avidly consumed women’s biographies: the fascination with how the biographical details of another female’s life are represented and interpreted.
A Dream&offers a rich read, varied in both the lives and texts of the women portrayed, and the perspectives and styles of the sixteen essayists. Yet, as an adult, I have come to demand of any really “great” book a self-consciousness about the tenuous nature of representations of reality, a critical contextualization of florid detail, and a self-awareness of the role of ideology in our lives. In these critical senses,&A Dream&is inadequate.
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
1. The author of the passage suggests that A Dream falls short in which of the following respects?
A. It does not appear to recognize that representations of reality can be unreliable.
B. It seems to focus on stylistic variety at the expense of accuracy of detail.
C. It offers a wealth of detail without sufficient critical examination of that detail.
2. Which of the following best describes the function of the second sentence (“A Dream . . . essayists”) in the context of the passage as a whole?
A. To give examples of how A Dream presents fascinating portraits that display awareness of the tenuous nature of representations of reality
B. To elaborate on how A Dream fulfills the author’s childhood criteria for a pleasurable book
C. To suggest that the author enjoyed A Dream for reasons more sophisticated than the reasons she enjoyed certain books as a child
D. To illustrate ways in which the author finds A Dream to be inadequate in certain critical senses
E. To imply that A Dream is too varied in focus to provide a proper contextualization of the biographical details it offers
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友情链接 &&考研英语二阅读理解—经济管理类(Passage 6)
考研英语二阅读理解—经济管理类(Passage 6)时间：6In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim's family to apologize, a...
栏目：作者：Passage
Passage 6In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim’s family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sole sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.??These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair. ??The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.” ?? Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business. ?? Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的清除灌输1. Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?
A. In Japan, the leakage of a state secret to Russians is a grave crime.
B. He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.
C. In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries. D. He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation. 2. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to ________.
A. apologize promptly for your subordinates' mistakes
B. be skillful in accepting blames from customers
C. make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary
D. create a strong sense of company loyalty 3. What’s Professor George Lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders?
A. Sympathetic????? B. Biased.?????C. Critical??D. Approving. 4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985.
B. American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable.
C. School principals bear legal responsibility for students' crimes.
D. Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn’t help solve corporate crises. 5. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crises
B. the importance of delegating responsibility to employees
C. ways of evading responsibility in times of crises
D. the difference between two business cultures 答案解析1.选例证题。根据题干中的专有名词和年代直接定位到文章的首段。但首段信息只是事实举例而已，并未出现原因分析，真正的原因分析是在下文第三段，具体而言是此段第二句（While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs.），它正好对应项表达（…）， 所以为正确项。2.选推理题。考察对第四段的归纳和推理能力。通过对文章涉及日本情况的归纳可知，上级往往会为下级的过错承担责任，这种责任的承担属于“一种象征性的牺牲”，故为正确项。项过于具体化，因为立刻道歉只是承担责任的一种方式而已。项（有技巧的接受客户的批评）应该是消极行为，和承担责任的行为性质相反。选项中的在逻辑上属于“行为目的”，并非“行为方式”，而问题问的是…显然问的是“行为方式”，因此项属答非所问。3.选态度题。根据大写的专有名词（人名）可直接回文定位到末段首句（…Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的清除）。由此可知对于日本公司的这种做法是极为批判和反对的，故为正确选项。项“有同感的”和观点完全相反。项“有偏见的”，没有表现出的反对情绪。项“赞同的”完全颠倒了的态度。4.选判断题。此题目属于细节性判断题，需要考生将选项一一带入原文进行重叠并分析。根据第三段第二句（While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees），可知应选项。5.选主旨题。此题目考查对文章中心内容的把握，须通过纵览文章结构和归纳各段段意来解答。项指的是日本和美国的两种商业文化，能够概括全文的内容，为正确选项。更多考研资讯欢迎咨询学府考研....电话：400-004-3155网址：mpacc.ky100.cn学府MPACC交流群： 学府2015考研交流群：学府微信公众号：csxuefuky
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GMAT阅读新题:Passage 6练习题
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　　新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来新题:Passage 6练习题一文，希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道!　　Passage 6 (6/63)　　In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun
(shogun: n.&日&幕府时代的将军) to the humblest samurai (samurai:
n.(封建时代的)日本武士,日本陆军军官), found themselves under financial stress. In part, this
stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly
expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’
control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to
trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers.
Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to
engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks
that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew
expensive. Overlords’ income, despite the increase in rice production among
their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although
shortfalls in overlords’ income resulted almost as much from laxity among their
tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as
from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood,
bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in
debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither
the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.　　It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income
because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not
unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part
of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was
constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for
revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline
because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted,
although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new
farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been
exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of
the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns
only commerce as a potential source of government income.　　Most of the country’s wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the
hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part
of that revenue to ease the shogun’s burden of financing the state. A means of
obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as
goyo- although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were
irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield.
Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns’
search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for
individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.　　1. The passage is most probably an excerpt from　　(A) an economic history of Japan　　(B) the memoirs of a samurai warrior　　(C) a modern novel about eighteenth-century Japan　　(D) an essay contrasting Japanese feudalism with its Western
counterpart(A)　　(E) an introduction to a collection of Japanese folktales　　2. Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the
financial situation in which Japan’s Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the
eighteenth century?　　(A) A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is
able to pay off its debt early when it is awarded a lucrative government
contract.　　(B) Fire destroys a small business, but insurance covers the cost of
rebuilding.　　(C) A small business is turned down for a loan at a local bank because the
owners have no credit history.　　(D) A small business has to struggle to meet operating expenses when its
profits decrease.(D)　　(E) A small business is able to cut back sharply on spending through
greater commercial efficiency and thereby compensate for a loss of revenue.　　3. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author toward
the samurai discussed in lines 11-16?　　(A) Warmly approving　　(B) Mildly sympathetic　　(C) Bitterly disappointed　　(D) Harshly disdainful(B)　　(E) Profoundly shocked　　4. According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems
experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was that　　(A) spending had outdistanced income　　(B) trade had fallen off　　(C) profits from mining had declined　　(D) the coinage had been sharply debased(A)　　(E) the samurai had concentrated in castle-towns　　5. The passage implies that individual samurai did not find it easy to
recover from debt for which of the following reasons?　　(A) Agricultural production had increased.　　(B) Taxes were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount.　　(C) The Japanese government had failed to adjust to the needs of a changing
economy.　　(D) The domains of samurai overlords were becoming smaller and poorer as
government revenues increased.(E)　　(E) There was a limit to the amount in taxes that farmers could be made to
pay.　　6. The passage suggests that, in eighteenth-century Japan, the office of
tax collector　　(A) was a source of personal profit to the officeholder　　(B) was regarded with derision by many Japanese　　(C) remained within families　　(D) existed only in castle-towns(C)　　(E) took up most of the officeholder’s time　　7. Which of the following could best be substituted for the word &This& in
line 47 without changing the meaning of the passage?　　(A) The search of Japan’s Tokugawa shoguns for solvency　　(B) The importance of commerce in feudal Japan　　(C) The unfairness of the tax structure in eighteenth century Japan　　(D) The difficulty of increasing government income by other means(D)　　(E) The difficulty experienced by both individual samurai and the shogun
himself in extricating themselves from debt　　8. The passage implies that which of the following was the primary reason
why the Tokugawa shoguns turned to city merchants for help in financing the
state?　　(A) A series of costly wars had depleted the national treasury.　　(B) Most of the country’s wealth appeared to be in city merchants’
hands.　　(C) Japan had suffered a series of economic reversals due to natural
disasters such as floods.　　(D) The merchants were already heavily indebted to the shoguns.(B)　　(E) Further reclamation of land would not have been economically
advantageous.　　9. According to the passage, the actions of the Tokugawa shoguns in their
search for solvency for the government were regrettable because those
actions　　(A) raised the cost of living by pushing up prices　　(B) resulted in the exhaustion of the most easily worked deposits of silver
and gold　　(C) were far lower in yield than had originally been anticipated　　(D) did not succeed in reducing government spending(A)　　(E) acted as a deterrent to trade　　以上就是新东方在线GMAT频道为你带来的GMAT阅读新题练习题，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GMAT频道。
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