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讲解英语复杂疑问句或双重疑问句的用法、难点、和考点。
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3秒自动关闭窗口What you think you want to do.
如何划分上面句子的成分？what 作句子的什么成分？如何翻译这个句子？
这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句.具体划分you think是主句;you want to do是宾语从句,What作宾语从句中动词do的宾语.
通常在英语中,含有宾语从句的主从复合句的特殊疑问句有两种形式;
1, 主句为一般疑问句形式,从句为疑问词+陈述句形式.如:
Do you know what you want to do?
2, 疑问词+一般疑问句形式主句,再+陈述句形式从句.你问的句子就是这种结构.
值得注意的是,能够这样用的动词很少,如:think, believe,surpose, guessd等.其他情况的用法如同1,.希望对你的英语学习有所帮助.
其他答案（共3个回答）
：你认为你想干什么。
你是否见过跟这句类似的句子，What you think you are doing?这句则可以翻译为：你觉得你自己在干点什么，这样的口气就明显是责备了。
不知道你对我的回答是否满意，呵呵。...
这是一个宾语从句,What是整个句子的宾语，即you want to do what,而you think则是what的从句，这样的话，这句话可以这样相关信息：你认为你想干什么。
你是否见过跟这句类似的句子，What you think you are doing?这句则可以翻译为：你觉得你自己在干点什么，这样的口气就明显是责备了。
不知道你对我的回答是否满意，呵呵。以后多交流学英语的心得哦！
不是句子！是偏正词组：‘我’代词做修饰成分；‘书’名词做中心语。偏正词组由两部分组成，两部分是修饰与被修饰的关系。偏正词组的核心是后一部分，前一部分对后一部分起...
划一划：即在阅读课文同时，把文中的重点句、中心句、名句以至生字、生词，用不同的符号勾画出来，既能加深印象，又便于复习巩固，一目了然。遇到规范句子，不妨划分句子成...
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英...
用主谓结构或主谓宾结构的句型翻译1.太阳从东方升起，从西方落下The sun rises in the east and sets in the west2.十...
1,So, think about what you’d need to include if you were going to explain your r...
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1that that
eg.She said ( that ) it was cold yesterday.
if whetherif whetherifwhetherwhether …or not whether
eg.Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test tomorrow?
I don’t know whether she will come here or not this morning.
eg.We don’t know how he can get here.
that if whether
I don’t know where he is now.
He asked whether we should hold a sports meeting.
&& I think they have ever been to Beijing.
&& Don’t tell them where I went yesterday.
&& She told me that he was born in 1986.
& My father told me that the earth is round when I was young.
& The teacher said that time is life.
think/believe/expect
I don’t think it is going to rain .
I don’t think he will come back soon, will he?
do you think +do you think
&Who do you think Tom is waiting for?
I wonder if /when she will come back today.
If / When she arrives, I’ll call you at once.您的位置： →
第一篇:英语从句从句
一．名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。这类从句在句中可担任主语、表语、宾 语和同位语，名词从句可以分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1.主语从句 在句子中担当主语的是一个句子，这个从句就叫作主语从句。主语从句可以由下列连词、连 接代词和连接副词引导，且不能省略。连词：that, whether 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever 等 连接副词：when, where, how, why (1)由连词 that, whether 引导的主语从句 连词 that, whether 在从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它在从句中不担任成分，不能省略， 且由 that, whether 引导的主语从句，多用 it 多形式主语 e.g That the earth is round is true.=It is true that the earth is round.地球是圆的，是一个事实。Whether he’ll come or not hasn’t been decided.= It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come or not.
(2)由连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 连接代词 who, which 和连接副词 when, where, how, why 都可以引导主语从句，它们分别在 从句中担任主语、宾语和状语，不能省略，翻译时，不能把它们译为疑问句，由它们引导的 主语从句，也可以用形式主语 it 引导 e.g Who let out the news remained unknown. =It remained unknown who let out the news.谁泄漏 了那个消息仍旧无人知道。When we’ll start is not clear. =It is not clear when we’ll start.我们何时出发还不清楚。
(3)以关系代词 what, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 引导的主语从句不能用形式 主语 it 引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序。e.g What he said at the meeting is important.他在会上所说的事情是重要的。Whoever leaves the office should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。
(4)用 it 作形式主语的主语从句结构 a. It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that… 事实是…… It is good news that … ……是好消息 It is a question that … ……是个问题 It is common knowledge that … ……是常识
类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise 等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened. 这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. 鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. 鲍勃会赢得这场比赛，这不足为奇。b. It is +形容词+从句 It is necessary that … 有必要…… It is clear that … 很清楚…… It is likely that … 很可能…… It is important that … 重要的是…… 类似的形容词还有： worth- astonishing, etc. 例如：It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in industry. 很明显导体和绝缘体在工业中都很重要。It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她是否能来令人怀疑。It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you . 他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。It is essential that he should be here by the weekend . 周末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。It seems obvious that we can not go on like this. 很明显我们不能这样下去了。c. It is +过去分词+从句 It is said that … 据说…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It has been proved that … 已证明…… It must be proved that… 必须指出…… 类似的过去分词还有： found out,etc. 例如：It is thought that he is the best player. 大家都认为他是最好的选手。It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old. 据估计这个花瓶有 2000 年的历史。It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. 过去一直认
为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰撞产生的。It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. 还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车。d. It +不及物动词+从句 It seems that … 好像是…… It happened that… 碰巧…… It follows that … 由此可见…… It has turned out that … 结果是…… 类似的不及物动词还有：seem, appear, occur, follow, happen, turn out, etc. 例如：It turned out that nobody remembered the address. 结果是无人记得那个地址。It now appears that they are in urgent need of help. 看起来他们急需帮助。It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later. 没有赶上这趟火车没有关系，稍晚还有一趟。It happened that I saw him yesterday. 碰巧我昨天看见他了。当“及物动词 + 宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。例如：It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was. 让我吃惊的是彼得没有告诉任何人他在哪里。It does not interest me whether you go or not. 我对你去不去不感兴趣。e. It +某些固定结构+ 主语从句。It doesn’t matter??是无关紧要的?? It makes no difference??毫无区别?? It doesn’t make too much difference that?? ??关系不大 It doesn’t need to be bothered that??不必担忧?? 例如It does not make any difference whether it rains or not . 下不下雨没什么分别。It does not make the least difference to me what you do. 对我来说你做什么都无关紧要。
2. 宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类(1) 从属连词 that。如He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。注that 在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下， 不能省略。that 1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. 大家都会看出所发生的 事情并知道 Tom 非常害怕。and 连接两个宾语从句，that 宾语从句放在 and 的后面时，that 不能省略。2. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知， 只知道他是南 方人。that 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that 不能省略。3. That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。that 从句位于句首时，that 不可省略。4. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。主句谓语动词与 that 从句之间有插入语，that 不可省略。(2)从属连词 if/whether。如I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3)连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。e.g Who or what he was, Martin never learned. 他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知 道。I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
2. 介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat. 有时介词可以省略。如I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。我走向她坐的地方。
Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式. 注意：连词 that 引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在 except, but, in 后。其他一些
介词的宾语从句如果由连词 that 引导，则需用 it 先行一步，作形式宾语。如：He is a good student except that he is careless.他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
3. 动词＋it＋that 结构 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用 it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪 的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不会屈服。
4. 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有 sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等，连词 that 可省略。如I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能确定我该做什么。I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.恐怕你没领会我说的意思。I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。
5. 连词 whether (?or not)或 if 引导的宾语从句 if 和 whether 引导的宾语从句可以互换使用， whether 常和 or not 连用， 一般不与 or not 但 if 连用。如I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。用 if 引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用 if 而用 whether。试比较Please let me know if you want to go. Please let me know whether you want to go. (if 从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去” ；此句又可理解为条件状语从句 意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声” 。)
6. 宾语从句的否定转移。think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句， 在 有时谓语尽 管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将 think 等动词变为否定形式。如I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
3. 表语从句 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语, 一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从 句” 。可接表语从句的连系动词有 be，look，seem，sound，appear 等。如：China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word. 出一个恰当的字眼来。引导表语从句的关联词的种类(1）从属连词 that e.g The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。that 是连词,没有词义，在句中不作成分，因此一般不可省略(但在口语中有时 that 可省略)。当时，我似乎怎么也想不
(2) 从属连词 whether，as，as if / though 引导的表语从句。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。
(3) because，why 引导的表语从句。如That's because he didn't understand me.那是因为他没有理解我 （That's because…强调原因） That's why he got angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。（That's why…强调结果） 注意：表示结果或名词 reason 作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用 that 引导，不宜 用 because. 如：The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.我难过的原因是他没有理解我。
(4) 连接代词 who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why e.g The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
(5) 使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议、 劝告、 命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表 示，should 可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea 等。e.g My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出 发。
4. 同位语从句 英语中有一些名词如 fact, idea, news, word, hope, promise, suggestion, reply, problem, belief, doubt, truth, order, thought 等，它们本身有一定的意义，但表达得不够具体。为了使其表达的 意义更加具体明确，其后常跟有一个从句，用来补充说明该名词的内容，这个从句就叫做同
位语从句。(1) 同位语从句的引导词 ①表示陈述意义时通常用 that。注意 that 不能省略。同位语从句说明的名词常见的有：ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等,同位语从句一般都是用来解释说明一些抽象名词， 而不可说明的名词是不会接同位语从句的。比如：man, water, sun 等具体的人或事物。e.g There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down. The belief that the company will make a great is shared by everyone. ②表示“是否”的意思时只能用 whether，不能用 if。这一点与主语从句相似。e.g The question whether he can finish the work within two days remains unknown. ③表示疑问时也可用其他引导词 where, when, why, how, who, what 来引导。e.g This student asked a good question why pollution can’t be stopped. I have no idea where I should go. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.
(2) 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 ① 定语从句相当于一个形容词, 它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制的作用。同位语从句相当 于名词，属于名词性从句，它是对前面名词内容的具体表述，它们之间的关系是同位关系。试比较The news that you heard is not true. 你听到的那个消息不是真的。（定语从句） The news that he has died is true. 他已经去世的消息是真的。（同位语从句，说明了 news 的 具体内容，即 he has died） ② 同位语从句常跟在 news, fact, promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer, proposal, suggestion, order, information 等少数名词之后，而一般名词之后都可跟定语从句。e.g He didn’t give the answer why he was late. 他没回答他为什么迟到这个问题。（同位语从 句） Then rose a question where we should go. 于是产生了一个问题：我们该到哪里去？（同位语 从句） ③ that 在定语从句中充当某一成分, 是关系代词; that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分， 仅把 主句与从句连接在一起，是从属连词。如The fact that just now you talked about interests me. 你们刚才谈论的事情使我感兴趣。（定语从 句） The fact that he failed in the exam made his parents very angry. 他考试没及格这个事实使他的 父母很生气。（同位语从句） ④ when, where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引导定语从句, 它们分别指前面先行词所
表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物，否则引导的就是同位语从句。试比较I still remember the day when he was killed. 我还记得他被害的那一天。(定语从句) I have no idea when he was killed. 我不知道他什么时候被害的。（同位语从句） They didn't go to the town where they were born.他们没有去他们出生的小镇。(定语从句) They didn't answer the question where they were born.他们没有回答他们在哪里出生这个问题。（同位语从句） ⑤ whether, what 可引导同位语从句，但通常不可引导定语从句。e.g We have no information whether he is alive. 我们不知道他是否活着。（同位语从句） Next comes the question what step we should take. 接着的问题是我们下一步该做什么。（同 位语从句）
二．定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或 代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系副词有：when, where, why 等。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下e.g Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？ （who/that 在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。whom/that 在从句中作宾 （ 语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换） 。e.g They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去 帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例 如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了 前所未有的繁荣。（which / that 在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语）
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why 关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于&介词+ which&结构，因此常 常和&介词+ which&结构交替使用. e.g There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。北京是我的出生地。这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 由吗？ 2）that 代替关系副词
that 可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why 和&介词+ which& 引导的定语从句，在口语中 that 常被省略. e.g His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找 到他四十年前居住过的地方。
3. 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语， 就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的 误用上。方法二准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关 系代词/关系副词。例 1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例 2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held？ A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例 1 D，例 2 A 例 1 变为肯定句This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例 2 变为肯定句This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句 1 中， 所缺部分为宾语， where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用， 而 只有 the one 既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选 D。
而句 2 中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词 where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词 on 用的不对，所以 选 A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系 代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
4. 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它 主句意思往往不明确； 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明， 去掉了也不会影响主句的意 思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。e.g This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买 （非限制性） 2) 非限定性定语从句不能用 that 引导, 一般用引导词 which / as 或 who（指人） ，非限定性 定语从句既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。as 引导的非限定性定语 从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但 which 或 who 引导的非限定性定语从 句不能放在主句句首。e.g As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth. The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly. His speech, which bored us to death, was over at last. Her sister, who lived in another city, was coming to visit her.
5. as, which 非限定性定语从句 由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句， 和 which 可代整个主句， as 相当于 and this 或 and that。as 一般放在句首，也可以放在句中，which 在句中。e.g As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案 C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that 修饰，而用 which.，it 和 he 都使后句成为句 子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选 he 句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案 B。which 可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而 what 不可。That 不能用于非
限定性定语从句，it 不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that B. which 答案 B. as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且 在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which 不可。(2)as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动 词，则从句中的关系代词只能用 which.。在本题中，prevent 由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为 B。As 的用法 例 1. the same? as；such?as 中的 as 是一种固定结构, 和??一样??。I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例 2. as 可引导非限制性从句，常含有'正如'的意思。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. As 是关系代词。例 1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语；例 2 中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词 know 要用被动式。C. as D. it
6. 介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that 前不能有介词。3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的&介词+关系词&结构可以同关系副词 when 和 where 互换。e.g This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
7. 关系代词 that 的用法 1）不用 that 的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用。We depend on the land from that we get our food.(错) 改为：We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2) 只能用 that，不能用 which 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 ①当先行词是不定代词时,如:all, little, much, none, one, everyone, something, anything, everything, nothing 等。e.g That’s all that I could do at that time. 那就是我那是所能为你做的全部。②当先行词被 the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, 等修饰时。e.g The only thing that I can do is to have a rest.我唯一能做的事情就是休息。③当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。e.g He was the first person that passed the examination.他是第一个通过这个考试的人。This is the best way that can solve the problem. 这是解决那个问题的最好办法。④被修饰词为数词时，只能用 that。e.g Yesterday my mother bought two dogs. Now you can see the two that are playing over there.昨 天我妈妈买了两只狗。现在你能看见它们在那边玩。⑤主句是 there be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句 that e.g There is a book on the desk that belongs to Jack.桌上那本书是杰克的。⑥主句是以 which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时，关系代词只能用 that。e.g Who is the girl that is talking with Mr. Brown？ ⑦如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用 that。e.g We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited. ⑧如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用 which, 另一个关系代词应用 that，以避免重复。e.g He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.他办了一家工 厂，生产过去从未见到的东西。
三．状语从句 副词性从句（状语从句） 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为十大类， 分别表示时间、 地点、 原因、 目的、结果、条件、让步、比较 、方式和程度。1．时间状语从句 (1)常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till,（ until ） 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner ? than, hardly ?when, scarcely ? when e.g I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard (果园) the moment they saw the guard. ①when, while, as 引导时间状语从句时的异同
when 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词；从句 的动作可以和主句的动作同时发生， 也可以先于主句的动作发生， 此时相当于 after。when 当 从句谓语动词是延续性动词时，可与 while 互换。e.g I often missed my home a lot when I was abroad.. ( =while ) When they came home, I was cooking dinner. (不能用 while) When the film ended, people rushed out of the hall. ( =after ) when 从句置于主句后面，同时从句中谓语动词又是短暂性动词时，常表示“此时突 然……”。e.g I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. He was enjoying his dinner when a loud noise came on the door. while 引导的动作必须是持续性的，强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，有时侧重主句和 从句动作的对比。He took a bath while I was preparing dinner. as 常可与 when, while 通用， 但它较强调主句和从句动作的同时发生， 常译作“边……边” 也可用来说明两种正在发展和变化的情况，此时常译作“随着”。e.g He sang happily as he walked along the path. The day gets longer and longer as summer comes.
②until, till 引导的时间状语从句 主句谓语动词为延续性动词时，主句和从句都用肯定句式，意为“一直到”，表示主句动 作一直延续到 until/till 从句表示的时间才终止；主句谓语动词为短暂性动词时，主句用否定 式，从句用肯定式，意思是“一直到才”，表示主句动作到 until/till 从句表示的时间才开始。e.g He worked until/till it was dark. He didn’t work until/till it was dark. until 和 till 意义相同，通常可换用，但在强调结构、倒装句或句首，一般用 until。e.g I didn’t know about it until/till he told me. It was not until he told me that I knew about it. Not until he told me did I know about it.
③since 引导的时间状语从句 since 从句中的动词不同，其起算时间也不同。since + 瞬间动词过去时，从该动作发生时起 算；since + 延续性动词过去时，从该动作结束时起算。e.g He has worked very hard since he entered the factory. (enter 为瞬间性动词，该句意为“从他入厂以来，他工作一直非常努力。”) We haven’t seen each other since I worked in the factory. (work 为延续性动词，该句意为“从我不在工厂以来，我们没见过面。”可说成
We haven’t seen each other since I stopped working in the factory.） since 常用于 It’s + some time + since sb. did sth.结构。试比较It’s two years since he joined the army. （他参军有两年了。） It’s two years since he was a soldier. （他退役有两年了）
④before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句 before 和 after 表示的时两个时间活两个事件之间的先后关系。Before 引导的从句中的动作 通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句时过去时，主句一般要用过去完成时。After 引导的从 句中的动作通常发生在主句动作之前，如果主句用过去时，从句一般要用过去完成时。e.g They had got everything ready before I arrived. 我去之前它们准备好了一切。After he had worked in the factory for five years, he went abroad. 他在这家工厂工作了 5 年后出 国了。注意：如果不强调时间的先后，或是因为从句中用的时某个状态动词，before 和 after 句子 结构中的谓语动词也可以都用一般过去时。e.g He arrived after the meeting started. 会开完时他来了。She did not understand me before I explained it to her. 在我解释给她听之前，她一点都不了解。
⑤as soon as 等意为“一……就”的时间状语从句的几种不同表达 as soon as 表示“一……就”，在表述已发生的动作时，hardly…when, no sooner…than 也可 表示同样的意思，但主句谓语动词要用过去完成时，从句用过去时，还可转换成倒装结构。As soon as he saw the policeman, he ran away. = He had hardly seen the policeman when he ran away. = Hardly had he seen the policeman when he ran away. = He had no sooner seen the policeman than he ran away. = No sooner had he seen the policeman than he ran away. immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant,也可引导时间状语从句，相 当于 as soon as 的意思，用法也与 as soon as 基本相同。上述句子可转换成He ran away immediately/directly/instantly he saw the policeman. He ran away the moment/the minute/the instant he saw the policeman.
2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere e.g Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard. 注意：where 引导的状语从句和 where 引导的定语从句常可转换，判断它属于哪类从句的关 键是看 where 前面有没有被修饰的、表示地点的先行词。试比较Stand where you are! （状语从句） Stand at the place where you are! （定语从句） Bamboo grows best where it’s wet and rainy. （状语从句） Bamboo grows best in places where it’s wet and rainy. （定语从句）
3 原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, since 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that ? e.g My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. ①原因状语从句通常由 because, since, as 引导。because 引导的从句可以放在主句前， 也可放 在主句后面，表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句。回答 why 问句、用于强调结构都用 because。e.g He had to do a part-time job after work because he needed money for his marriage. It was because he lost it that he found it more valuable than ever. since 和 as 引导的原因从句更多见于句首， 表示明显的、 已知的事实， 语气比 because 弱， 分别可译作“既然”、“由于”，着重点在主句。e.g Since you have to stay at home, why don’t you do some shopping on computer?. As the weather is fine, let’s go fishing. for 也可引导表示原因的句子，但它是个并列连词，通常表示一种推测的原因或附加的说 明，语气最弱，一般不放在句首，前面常有逗号分隔。e.g It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. ②now that, seeing that, considering that 等也可以引导表示原因的从句, 语气相当于 since， 常译作“既然”，口语中 that 可省去。e.g Now (that) my watch has been sold, what’s the use of the watch chain? Seeing (that) you’re already at the door, I suppose I must invite you inside
4．目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that e.g The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. ①目的状语从句通常由 (so) that, in order that 引导,在口语或非正式文体中，有时也会用 that 或 so 引导。in order that 引导的目的从句可以放在主句后面，也可放在主句前面，而 so that 引导的从句通常放在主句后面。目的状语从句中的谓语常含有 may(might), can(could), should, will 等情态动词。e.g He always takes a seat in the first row so that/in order that he can hear better. （也可说成 He always takes a seat in the first row so/that he can hear better.但用的较少。） =In order that he can hear better, he always taked a seat in the first row. The actress wore ordinary clothes in order that/so that she might not be recognized easily. =In order that she might not be recognized easily, the actress wore ordinary clothes. ②in case, for fear that, lest 等也可以引导目的状语从句，表示 “以防…、以免…” 。e.g He left early in case he should miss the train. Take your raincoat in case it rains/should rain. Mother hid the sweets and chocolates lest/for fear that her son should see them.
5．结果状语从句 常用引导词so? that, such ? that （so + adj./adv. 置于句首，引起倒装） 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night. 1）结果状语从句常由 so that, so… that, such… that 等引导，放在主句之后，so…that 与 such…that 句型在一定条件下可转换。so+形容词（副词）+that so+形容词+a(an)+单数名词+that so+形容词+不可数名词 so+形容词+复数名词 such+a(an)+形容词+单数名词+that e.g It is such a good story that I’ll never forget it. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away.=It is so heavy a box that nobody can move it. 这个箱子太重了没有人能搬的动。在口语中也可用 that 引导结果从句。例如What have I said that he should be so angry with me?
2）so that 引导结果状语从句和目的状语从句的辨别
so that 从句之前有逗号的常为结果状语从句，因表示某一行为带来的结果，从句中的时 态常为过去式；so that 从句中有 may(might), can(could), should, will 等情态动词的通常是目 的状语从句。例如I wrote as clearly as possible so that I might get high marks. （目的） I wrote as clearly as possible, so that I got high marks. （结果） He went to the lecture early so that he could get a good seat. （目的） He went to the lecture early, so that he got a good seat. （结果）
3）so, that 和 so that 这三个连词都可以引导结果状语从句。that 最常用， 和 that 多用于口语或非正式文体中。so so so that 从句常用逗号同主句隔开。e.g He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted. 他做了错误的决定，结果 毁掉了半生。What happened that she looked so worried and disappointed?她看上去如此忧伤、 失望， 究竟 发生了什么事情？ He didn’t abide by the contract, so he was fined. 他没有遵守条约，因此被罚了款。
6．条件状语从句 条件状语从句可分为真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句在虚拟语气中有详细表述， 这里只讨论真实条件句。条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，表示将来要用一般现在时。常用引导词：if, unless 特殊引导词：as / so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that We’ll start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 注意1）有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配 and，如Come tomorrow, and I will tell you. (= If you come tomorrow, ?) Give him an inch and he’ll take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, he’ll ?)
2）if only 是 if 的强调式，通常表示说话人的愿望，如If only it clears up, we’ll go. If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you. If only I hadn’t been late for work. (I wish I hadn’t been late for work.)
3）在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句通常带有情态动词， If you move, I’ll shoot you. If I press this button, what will happen? If you come, you can see it. If you finish early, you may go. 注① 当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时， I will return the book on Monday if I have read it. The police won’t take your car away if you are sitting in it.
注② 如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用 will / shall，如If you will read the book, I’ll let you have it. If you will help me, we can finish by six. If you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve.
4）unless 从句中可用否定词，而 if ? not 从句中不可再加否定词，因此在 unless 引导的 否定从句中，不可用 if ? not 代替 unless ，如I will go unless no one else does. I will go if no one else doesn’t. × Don’t ask me to explain unless you really don’t understand. Don’t ask me to explain if you really not don’t understand. ×
7．让步状语从句 常用引导词：though（although）, even if（even though） 特殊引导词as（用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装； though 可以倒装也可以不倒装） ， while (一般用在句首, =though)，no matter ?, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever e.g Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He won’t listen whatever you may say. 让步状语从句的几点说明； 1）though, although 不与 but 连用，但可以和 yet, still 连用，如Though he is over seventy, yet / still / nevertheless he can ride the bike.
2）if 有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件 if 与让步 if 的区别，试比较If he is poor, how can he buy the house? (条件) If he is poor, he is at least honest. (让步) (= even if)
3）even if/though 含有退一步想的意思（有时用于虚拟） e.g I’ll try it, even if/though I may fail. 我会试试，即使我可能失败。
4）as（though）引导让步从句一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或谓语动词或状语置于 句首，用倒装结构：形容词/副词/动词/分词/名词+though（as, that）+主语+谓语。① 表语的倒装Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. 但如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如Teacher as Michael is, he is not capable of teaching all subjects. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. ② 状语的倒装（这时不可在状语之前加 very, much 等修饰语） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them. ③ 谓语动词的倒装Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= No matter how he would try ?) Hate him as we may, we must admit his greatness.
5）while (= although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 注意比较下列各句While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. (让步状语从句) While I was reading, the light went out. (时间状语从句) He is idle, while his brother is diligent. (转折、对比，并列分句)
6）whether?or?引导的让步状语从句为也称为“选择条件-让步状语从句” ，可位于主句之 前或之后，如Whether or not it rains, I’m giving a party tomorrow. We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal. She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.
7） 由连接代词 whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, wherever, however 引导的让步状语从
句“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句相当于“疑问词＋ever”. no matter who=whoever, no matter what=whatever, no matter where=wherever, no matter how=however no matter which=whichever,
e.g No matter when/Whenever you call on me, you are welcome.无论你什么时候来都是受欢 迎的。No matter who/Whoever you may be, you have no right to do such a thing. 不管你是谁，你 都没有权利做这种事情。
8）注意以上几种结构的省略形式e. g However difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfilled on time. Whatever the difficulties (may be), they must and can be overcome Though(it was) cold, he still wore a shirt. 天气虽然冷，他仍只穿意见衬衣。
8．比较状语从句 常用引导词：as（同级比较）, than（不同程度的比较） 特殊引导词：the more ? the more ? , just as ?, so?; A is to B what / as X is to Y, no ? more than, no ? less than, A not so much as B e.g She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
9．方式状语从句 1）方式状语从句常由 (just) as, as if/though 引导，表示动作的方式。e.g Do exactly as the doctor says. He walked slowly as if/though he had hurt his leg. 注：在非正式文体中有时会用 like 代替 as 引导方式从句。2）as if/though 引导的状语从句，若描述非事实情况，常用虚拟语气，若描述的是实际情况， 用陈述语气。e.g She treats the orphan as if/though he were her own child. （他是孤儿，当然就不是她的亲生孩子，故用虚拟语气。） It looks as if/though it’s going to rain. （本句用的是陈述语气，说明天真象是要下雨了。）
3）the way 也可用来引导方式状语从句。e.g Mary smiled the way (in which/that) her mother did at her age. （马丽跟她母亲在她那个年纪时笑起来一个样。） Exercise1. The cost of traveling around the eight European countries can run as high ________$2,000. A. to B. as C. by D. for
2. This book is designed for the learners _________ native languages are not English. A. whose B. which C. who D. what
3. She got to know the young man very well ______she had worked for so long. A. to whom B. in whom C. whom D. with whom
4. We were all excited at the news ________ our annual sales had more than doubled. A. which B. that C. it D. what
5. With the introduction of the computer, libraries today are quite different from ________ they were in the past. A. that B. what C. which D. those
6. The hotel _________during the vacation was rather poorly managed. A. as I stayed B. where I stayed C. which I stayed D. what I stayed
7. Li Lei didn’t meet the famous American professor ________he was on holiday in America last year. A. unless B. until C. if D. whether
8. She didn’t go to the cinema last night, ________she had to finish her term paper. A. as B. if C. till D. though
9. So loudly _________ that people could hear it out in the street. A. did the students play the music C. the students played the music B. the students playing the music D. have the students played the music
10. There are so many dresses there that I really don’t know _________ to choose. A. whether B. when C. which D. why
11. She wanted to know _______ child it was on the grass. A. that B. whose C. what D. whom
12. This is the microscope _________ which we have had so much trouble. A. at B. from C. of D. with
13. He got a message from Miss Zhang __________ Professor Wang couldn’t see him the following day. A. which B. whom C. that D. what
14. We moved to London _________ we could visit our friends more often.
A. even if
B. so that
C. in case
15. The criminal didn’t realize the value of freedom ________ he had lost it. A. if B. as C. while D. until
16. I’ll lend you my computer ________ you promise to take care of it. A. unless B. as C. while D. if
17. The news __________ the Chinese football team had won the match excited all of us. A. that B. which C. what D. as
18. There is a nice-looking car there. Peter wonders ___________. A. it belongs to who C. whom it belongs to B. whom does it belongs to D. who does it belong
19. _______is often the case, one third of the workers have over-fulfilled the production plan. A. What B. This C. That D. As
20. Mr. Jones, _______ life was once very hard, is now very successful in his business. A. of him B. his C. whose D. by whom
21. Our department has a large collection of books, _________are in English. A. many of which B. many of them C. many ones D. their many
22. _______ woke me up was a loud cry from someone in the next room. A. How B. That C. What D. Which
23. The police knew nothing about the case _______ you phoned them. A. while B. since C. after D. until
24. That was the first time I ______English with a foreigner. A. spoke B. speak C. have spoken D. had spoken
25. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ____ great it is. A what B how C however D whatever
26. ---What was the party like? ---Wonderful! It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. A after B before C when D since
27. _______surprised me most was _______ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well. A. That, what B. What, that C. That, which D. What, which
28. After a whole day of hard work, all ______ was a nice meal and a good rest. A. what he wanted B. which he wanted C. the thing he wanted D. that he wanted
29. The thief hid himself in the chimney ________ someone should catch him in the act. A. when B. but that C. lest D. where
30. ________ in health, he persisted in doing the experiment. A. As he was poor B. Poor was he C. Poor as he was D. Poor he was though
答案：1～5 B A D B B 21~25 A C D D C
6~10 B B A A C 26~30 D B D C C
11~15 B D C B D
16~20 D A C D C
高中英语从句基本考点答疑
A. 引导定语从句 1.连接词有几个？[适合于高一][适合于高二, 高三] 一共有 9 个：who , whom , whose, that, which , when , where, why, as 2. 引导词的功能有哪些？[适合于高一] ⑴引导定语从句。⑵代替先行词在定语从句中充当一个成分。3. 定语从句的关键是什么？[适合于高一] 判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。根据充当的成分选择相应的引导词。4. 只能用 that 引导定语从句有哪些情况？[适合于高一, 高二, 高三] 现行词前为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时． 先行词前有：all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few 等不定代词修饰时． 先行词被叙述词修饰时． 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时． 先行词前 only, just, very, last 有等修饰时． 先行词是表示人和物混杂的两个名词时． 主句是以 who, which,开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词时． 在修饰时间、地点等先行词时，只有用 that 代替 when, where 等引导词。例：I'll never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived. Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ? 先行词为 reason, way (意为“方法”)时，常用 that 代替 why, which, in which，也可省略． 引导词在定语从句中作表语时，多用 that 引导． 先行词是主句表语时． 例：It is a dictionary that will help you a lot. 当主语以 there be 开头时． 当先行词是数词时． 同一个复合句里有两个定语从句，一个用 which，另一个通常用 that．
5. reason 后面用什么引导？way 后面用什么引导？[适合于高一, 高二, 高三] reason 后面的定于从句用 why 引导。way 后面定语从句用 in which 或 that 引导 that 可以省略。6. when 引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句？[适合于高二, 高三] when 引导的定语从句等于 介词+ which 引导的定语从句。7. where 引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句？[适合于高二, 高三] where 引导的定语从句等于介词＋which 引导的定语从句。8. one of 和 the (only) one of 引导的定语从句在主谓一致问题上应注意什么？[适合于高 一, 高二, 高三] 前者引导的定于从句谓语动词用复数；后者用单数。9. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有和区别？[适合于高二, 高三] 限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的一个部分， 缺少后主句意思不完整。非限制性定语从句是 对主句的进一步说明， 不要从句对主句意义无多大影响； 非限制性定语从句前后有逗号隔开。而且非限制性定语从句中不能用 that。10. as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句在用法上有什么区别？[适合于高二, 高三] as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句．都可以代替主句中的整个内容或某一成分． as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首， 并常和 know, see, expect 等词连用． 意为“正 如??” ．而 which 不能位于句首． 11. as 可以用于哪些结构中引导定语从句？[适合于高二, 高三] such... as the same... as so ... as.. 12. the same．．as 和 the same ．．that 引导的定语从句如何区别？[适合于高二, 高三] ． ． the same．．as 引导的定语从句指的是相同事物，强调同类． ． the same．．that 引导的定语从句指的是同一物． ． This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. （相同）
This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr. Li. (同一物) 13. such．．as ．．和 such．．that．．如何区分？[适合于高二, 高三] ． ． ． ． such．．as ．．引导的是定语从句．as 必须代替先行词在其引导的从句中充当成分． ． ． such．．that．．引导的从句是状语从句．that 只是引导从句并不在其引导的从句中充当成 ． ． 分． 在选择填空练习题中， 首先看从句中是否缺句子成分， 如果缺成分就要考虑是定语从句； 如果不缺成分就要考虑是状语成分．
14. whose 引导定语从句有那些注意点？[适合于高一, 高二, 高三] whose 作定语,后面跟名词.一般有三种表示形式. 例:This is the dictionary whose cover has come off. = This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off. = This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off. B. 名词性从句 15. 主语从句主要用于哪些句型中？ [适合于高二, 高三] It is + (名词、形容词、过去分词 + that ... It seems(mattes / happened) that... 16. that 在名词性从句中应注意哪些问题？[适合于高二, 高三] ★that 在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中（除宾语从句）即使不充当成分，that 不能 省。★在等表示命令、请求、建议等动词后的宾语从句中 that 不能省。★在 6123 结构中，引导宾语从句的 that 不能省。★由 and 或 or 所连接的两个宾语从句时，第一个从句中的 that 可以省；而第二个从句中的 that 不能省。★that 引导的宾语从句，如果从句中还有其它状语从句，引导宾语从句的 that 不能省。17. what 在名词性从句中的运用注意些什么？[适合于高二, 高三] ★如果在主句中充当主、宾、表同时在后面从句中也充当主、宾、表，只要是下面的任何一 种情况引导这个从句就得用 what. ①主,主 ②主,宾 ③主,表 ④宾,主 ⑤宾,宾 ⑥宾,表,⑦表主⑧表,宾⑨表表 18. 宾语从句中否定转移的 2 点注意 [适合于高一, 高二, 高三] ①宾语从句中否定转移常出现在主句谓语动词是 believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think, guess 等的句子中。②如果主句的主语是第一人称，该句的反意疑问句应与从句一致；否则应与主句一致。19.“6123 结构”指的是什么？ [适合于高一, 高二, 高三] “6123 结构”是指用不定式、动名词短语和 that 引导的从句作宾语，带名词或形容词作宾 补时，使用 it 作形式宾语的复合宾语结构。6 指用于这种结构的各常用动词 think , find , make ,feel, believe, consider．． ．； １指形式宾语 it；
２指作宾补的名词、形容词； ３指作宾语的不定式短语、动名词短语和 that 引导的宾语从句。20. 一个名词后的从句可能是哪些几种从句？如何判断？[适合于高二, 高三] 一个名词后的从句可能是定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。★如果从句作定语修饰前面的名词而且该名词在句中充当成分则是定语从句。★如果这个名词是一个含有内涵的名词后面的从句就要考虑是同位语从句。★如果这个名词前的谓语动词是一个可以用于双宾语句型的动词， 后面的从句就可能是宾语 从句。21. 哪些名词属于&有内涵&的名词？[适合于高二, 高三] plan, idea, wish, hope, news, suggestion, advice, fact.... 22. 如何使用名词性从句中的 whether 和 if？[适合于高二, 高三] ★ whether 用于主语从句时,既可以直接位于句首,也可以位于句末; if 只能用于 It 作形式主 语的从句中。★ whether 与 if 在宾语从句中可以互换。★ whether 引导的从句可以充当介词宾语。而 if 不行。★ whether 引导的从句可以做同位语，if 则不行。23. 同位语从句与定语从句如何区别？[适合于高二, 高三] 同位语从句前的名词是一个含有内涵的名词。从句就是其内容。that 在从句中不充当成分。而定语从句中一定缺某一个成分，引导词应该代替先行词在从句中充当句子成分。24. 何为“就从不救主”原则？[适合于高二, 高三] “就从不救主”原则是指在名词性从句中，当主句中差宾语同时宾语从句中差主语，在选择 whoever, whomever 或 who, whom 时，必须首先满足从句中的主语，故称之为&救从不救 主&． 25. reason 后面有几种从句？如何判断？[适合于高二, 高三] 定语从句由 for which, why 引导， 引导词必须代替先行词在其从句中充当成分． What 如is your reason why (for which) you were late? 同位语从句：由 that 引导，引导词在从句中不充当句子成分．如：The reason that he didn't come her this morning is not clear. 表语从句：由 that 引导，在从句中不充当句子成分．如：The reason is that he doesn't like being laughed at in public.
第一篇:英语从句高中英语从句讲解
高中英语状语从句考点复习突破学案
原因从句和结果／原因从句 除了下面 A2，A3 中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由 as 或 because 来引 导。但是用 as 引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见 A） ；用 because 引导结果／原因从 句较为稳妥（参见 B） 。A 原因从句 1 由 as／because／since 引导的原因从句We camped there as／because／since it was too dark to go on． 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。As／Because／Since it was too dark to go on，we camped there． 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。2 in view of the fact that 可用 as／since／seeing that 来表示，但不能用 becauseAs／Since／Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand． 既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。As／Since／Seeing that Tom knows French，he’d better do the talking． 既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。3 在 as／since／seeing that 意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时， 可用 if 来代替As／Since／Seeing that／If you don’t like Bill，why did you invite him？ 既然／如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他？ 注意：if so 的用法―I hope Bill won’t come． ―If so（＝If you hope he won’t come） ，why did you invite him？ ―我希望比尔别来。―如果这样（=如果你希望他不来） ，你为什么邀请了他？ 关于 if＋so／not，参见第 347 节。B 结果从句由 because 或 as 引导The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit． 保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。He was angry because we were late． 他生气是因为我们来晚了。As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day． 因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards． 因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。C 这种组合也可用 so 连接两个主句的形式来表示It was too dark to go on，so we camped there． 天太黑了，不能继续往前走了，所以我们就在那儿露宿了。You are here，so you may as well give me a hand． 你们既然在这儿，不如就帮我一下。It froze hard that night，so there was ice everywhere next day．
那天夜里冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。也可以使用 therefore，但只限用于非常正式的句子中The Finnish delegate has not yet arrived．We are therefore postponing／ We have therefore decided to postpone／Therefore we are postponing the meeting． 芬兰代表还没有到达。我们因此要把会议推迟／因此我们已决定把会议推迟 ／因此我们要把会议推迟。（注意 therefore 可以放在几个不同的位置。） such／so…that 引导的结果从句 A such 是形容词，用于形容词 名词结构之前They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house． 他们有一条如此凶猛的狗，以致没人敢靠近他们家。He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep． 他说了这么长时间，以致在座的人都犯困了。B so 是副词，用于副词和不带名词的形容词之前The snow fell so fast that our footsteps were soon covered up． 雪下得这么快，以致我们的脚印很快就被雪盖住了。His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep． 他的讲话这么长，以致在座的人都开始犯困了。Their dog was so fierce that no one dared come near it． 他们的狗太凶猛了，所以没人敢靠近它。但 such 不能用于 much 和 many 之前，所以 so 可用于后跟名词的 much 和 many 之前There was so much dust that we couldn’t see what was happening． 灰尘太大了，使得我们看不清发生了什么事。So many people complained that they took the programme off． 抱怨的人太多，所以他们取消了那个节目。C 注意：such＋a＋形容词＋名词可由 so＋形容词＋a＋名词来代替，所以 such a good man 可由 so good a man 来代替。这只能在名词前面有 a／an 的情况 下使用。这种形式不常见，但有时出现在文学作品中。有时为了表示强调，so 位于句首。这时后面跟动词的倒装形式So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off． 暴风真可怕，把整个的屋顶全都刮飞了。让步从句 它们由下列词来引导：although，though，even though，even if，no matter， however。有时也可以使用 whatever。as 也可以，但是只限于形容词＋as＋be 结 构。Although／Though／Even though／Even if you don’t like him you can still be polite． 尽管／即使／纵然／即使你不喜欢他，你仍可有礼貌一些。No matter what you do，don’t touch this switch． 无论怎样，都别碰这个按钮。However rich people are，they always seem anxious to make more mon－ ey． 无论人们多么富有，他们似乎总还渴望赚到更多的钱。However carefully you drive， will probably have an accident eventual－ ly． you 无论你开车多小心，最后你大概还会出车祸。
Whatever you do，don’t tell him that I told you this． 无论如何，别跟他说这件事是我告诉你的。Patient as he was，he had no intention of waiting for three hours． 哪怕他再有耐心，也不打算等上三个小时。may＋动词原形可用于假设情况However frightened you may be yourself，you must remain outwardly calm． 无论你有多害怕，外表上你仍要保持冷静。may 含有 I accept the fact that（我接受这一事实）的意思―But he’s your brother！ ―He may be my brother but I don’t trust him！ ―可他是你的兄弟！ ―尽管他是我的兄弟，可我不信任他！ 但 may 这样用时，是另一主句的一部分，并不属于让步从句之列。should ＋动词原形结构可用于 even if 之后，正如用于条件句的 if 之后一样，用来表示 should 后面的动词原形所指的动作不太可能发生Even if he should find out he won’t do anything about it． 即便他发现了，他也不会采取什么行动的。比较从句 A 形容词和限定动词连用时的比较It’s darker today than it was yesterday． 今天比昨天天色昏暗。He doesn’t pay as much tax as we do／as us． 他没我们交的税款多。He spends more than he earns． 他花的比挣的多。注意：that＋形容词是一种口语形式，表示“那么……”―Will it cost￡100？ ―No，it won’t cost as much as（all）that．It won’t be（all）that expen － sive．／It won’t be as expensive as that． ―要花 100 英镑吗？ ―不，花不了那么多。没那么贵。that＋形容词结构有时用于口语中表示 very（很）的意思。B 副词和限定动词连用时的比较He didn’t play as well as we expected／as well as you（did） ． 他打得不如我们预料的好／你打得好。He sings more loudly than anyone I’ve ever heard／than anyone else （does） ． 他唱得比我听到的任何人唱得都响／比任何人都声音响。You work harder than he does／than him／than I did at your age． 你比他干得卖劲／我在你这个年龄时干得卖劲。C 形容词和不定式或动名词连用时的比较通常两者都可使用，但动词不定式常常用于特定的动作，动名词则用于一般 情况（参见下面 E） It’s sometimes as cheap to buy a new one as（it is） （to）repair the old one． Buying a new one is sometimes as cheap as repairing the old one．
有时买一个新的跟修理旧的一样便宜。He found that lying on the beach was just as boring as sitting in his office． He found lying on the beach just as boring as sitting etc． 他发现躺在沙滩上和坐在办公室里一样没趣／烦人。He thinks it（is）safer to drive himself than（to）let me drive． He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive． 他认为自己开车要比让我开车更安全些。It will soon be more difficult to get a visa than it is now． Getting a visa will soon be more difficult than it is now． 不久之后，签证会比现在更难拿到。D 上面 C 所述的这种比较句式中，如 as／than 前面用的是动词原形，则常 在 as／than 后面用动词原形而不用动名词。与此相同，如 as／than 前面用的是 动名词，则在其后面一般也使用动名词，而不用动词原形，见前面的例子。位于 as／than 之前的限定动词＋this／that／which 后面多跟动名词，虽也可跟动词不 定式I’ll deliver it by hand；this will be cheaper than posting it． 我自己送过去，这样比邮寄要便宜。He cleaned his shoes，which was better than doing nothing． 他把自己的鞋擦了，这总比无事可做好。E 动词原形与 would rather／sooner 连用（参见第 297 与第 298 节） Most people would rather work than starve． 多数人宁可工作也不愿挨饿。I would resign rather than accept him as a partner． 我宁可辞职也不愿接受他为合伙人。时间从句 A 时间从句由下列表示时间的连词来引导after immediately till／until as nosooner…than when as soon as since whenever before the sooner while hardly…when 时间从句也可由 the minute，the moment 来引导。用 when，as，while 的例句，参见第 331 节至第 333 节。用 before 的例句，参见第 195 节 B。B 请留意，时间从句中不用将来时态或条件时态。1 如将下列将来时态放入时间从句中，须将它变为一般时态。一般将来时You’ll be back soon．I’ll stay till then． 你会很快回来，我一直等到那时。相当于I’ll stay till you get back． 我一直等到你回来。be going to 形式The parachutist is going to jump．Soon after he jumps his parachute will open． 跳伞运动员要往下跳。他刚跳之后不久，降落伞就会打开。
现在进行时用做一般将来时和将来进行时He’s arriving／He’ll be arriving at six． 他将在 6 点到。但是When he arrives he’ll tell us all about the match． 等他到了，他会好好给我们讲讲那场比赛。Before he arrives I’ll give the children their tea． 在他来到之前，我会给孩子们吃茶点的。如进行时态表示某一行动在继续，则其完全可以用在表示时间的从句中Peter and John will be playing ／ are playing ／ are going to play tennis tonight．While they are playing（during this time）we’ll go to the beach． 今晚彼得和约翰要去打网球。他们打球时，我们将去海滨。2 在时间从句中，将来完成时变为现在完成时，将来完成进行时变为现在完 成进行时I’ll have finished in the bathroom in a few minutes． 我一会儿就用完浴室了。The moment／As soon as I have finished I’ll give you a call． 我一完事儿，就给你打电话。3 在时间从句中，条件时态变为过去时态We knew that he would arrive／would be arriving about six． 我们知道他将在六点钟左右到。We knew that till he arrived nothing would be done． 我们知道在他到来之前，什么都干不了。但是，如 when 引导的是一个名词从句，后面可跟将来时态或条件时态He said，‘When will the train get in？’ 他说：“火车什么时候进站？”相当于He asked when the train would get in． 他问火车什么时候进站。C since 从句 since 从句后面常跟完成时态They’ve moved house twice since they got married．／Since they gotmarried， they’ve moved house twice． 他们结婚后已搬了两次家。He said he’d lived in a tent since his house burnt down． 他说自从他的房屋被烧毁后，他就一直住在帐篷里。It’s ages since I sailed／have sailed a boat． 我未驾驶帆船已有好多年了。I haven’t sailed a boat since I left college． 自从我大学毕业后就没再驾驶帆船了。D after 从句 after 从句之后常跟完成时态After／When he had rung off I remembered… 等他把电话挂断了之后，我才想起…… After／When you’ve finished with it，hang it up．
你用完了之后，请把它挂起来。E hardly／scarcely… when，no sooner… thanThe performance had hardly begun when the lights went out． Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out． 演出刚开始就停电了。这里可以用 scarcely 代替 hardly，但不常见。He had no sooner drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsy． No sooner had he drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsy． 他喝了咖啡没多一会儿，就犯困了。He no sooner earns any money than he spends it． Immediately he earns any money he spends it． 他钱一挣到手，就花光了。注意 the sooner…the sooner 的用法The sooner we start，the sooner we’ll be there．我们动身得越早，到那儿就越 早。
高中英语定语从句考点复习突破学案
定语从句知识总结与归纳 （一）结构 限定性定语从句：先行词+关系词+定语从句 非限定性定语从句：先行词，关系词+定语从句
（二）关系词 关系代词：that；who；which；whose 关系副词：when；where；why w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 说明 先行词的内容指：人；关系代词用：that；who 先行词指：物，用关系代词：which；whose 表示：先行词和从句中的第一个词为从属 关系，表示……的……；that；who；which 在定语从句中做主语或宾语； 关系副词when； where； why 在定语从句中做时间， 地点， 原因状语； 表示“在那时”； “在那里”和“为什么” The bright star which is shining just above the roof is called Sirius. The people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned in history book at all. We saw a church among the trees, whose tower（the tower of which）was clear against the blue sky. She adopted a child whose parents are dead. He came at six, when I am usually in the garden. Would you please give us a reason why you are late for class ? 关系词前面可以带有介词、限定词，结构为限定词（Both；Many；All 等）of which / whom… 介词（in；on；at；for 等）+which / whom …
He felt that his pupils, most of whom lived in the towns, should get to know the wonders of the countryside. This is the road by which we came. （三）先行词指“物”时，关系代词只能用 that 不能用 which 的情况，先行词的特点是1. 先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰 2. 先行词是不定代词 3. 先行词有 only；any；few；little；no；none；all；very 等词修饰 4. 先行词既有“人”也有“物” You should hand in all that you have. The only thing that we can do is to wait patiently. This is the last train that goes to Beijing. （四）way 后面的定语从句：the way + in which / that /省略／＋定语从句 I don’t understand the way in which / that /―/ they worked out this problem. （五）as 引导的定语从句，句型1. such ＋先行词 as +定语从句：像……一样／之类的…… 2. the same ＋先行词 as ＋定语从句：和……一样的…… 3. as ＋定语从句，主句：正如……一样 He is not the same as he was. We have found such materials as are used in their factory. As is expected, he has been absent. She has read widely in Romantic literature, as appears from her essay. （六）定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词的形式一致。1. one of＋名词复数＋关系代词＋复数动词 2. the only of ＋名词复数＋关系代词＋单数动词 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors. The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 考试指导 考试指导 （1）考查要点：关系代词／关系副词；考查形式――单项选择；短文改错。（2）考查难点：在定语从句中加入插入语；把先行词与定语从句分割开。（3）思路：单选――在理解句子意思的基础上，分清句子结构，弄清先行词和定语从 句；观察从句中所有的成分――主语；宾语；状语（时间；地点；原因） 改错――常在定语从句部分的关系词处设错 （关系代词／关系副词的误用； 非限定性定 语从句用 that 引导；从句中多余代词）。
同时注意根据句意和结构区分定语从句，名词从句和强调句型。
【典型例题】 典型例题】 一. 单项选择1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play ____, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 分析分析：B 去掉插入语 of course，后面是定语从句修饰前文描述的整个事情。2. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 分析分析：C 先行词 the hours 与定语从句被 back to me 隔开（为保持句子平衡）；the hours 在从句中做时间状语。3. Was it in the village ____ we used to live in ____ the accident happened ? A. that C. where B. that D. which
分析分析：B ____ we used to live in 是定语从句修饰 the village；____ the accident happened 是强调句型的其他部分； 被强调部分是 in the village； 正常语序The accident happened in the village which we used to live in. 4. The Beatles, ___ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what 分析分析：D B. that C. how D. as as many of you are old enough to remember 引导非限定性定语从句：正如我们
大家能记住的那样，A，C 与定语从句无关，that 不能引导非限定性定语从句。5. We saw several natives towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ____we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with which D. with whom 分析分析：B 非限定性定语从句____we gave some bells and glasses 修饰 one of them，从句 复原为 we gave some bells and glasses to one of them.所以关系代词前加介词 to，关