“科学家们推断好奇号发现火星生物上没有生物”用英语怎么说,用assume造句

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他们在工作用英语怎么说?女科学家怎么说
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They are working.用现在进行时女科学家:The woman scientist171819sss随时为你解答.如果满意请【点击满意回答】(土豆团)
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求翻译:科学家们找到火星上有水的证据了吗?是什么意思?
科学家们找到火星上有水的证据了吗?
问题补充:
Scientists have found evidence of water on Mars?
Scientists on Mars to find evidence of water?
The scientists found on Mars to have the water evidence?
Scientists find evidence of water on Mars yet?
正在翻译,请等待...
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我要翻译和提问
请输入您需要翻译的文本!用英语翻译这男孩是如此的聪明以致于被询问数学问题时他通常毫不犹豫的回答出来
用英语翻译这男孩是如此的聪明以致于被询问数学问题时他通常毫不犹豫的回答出来
09-10-04 &匿名提问
Isn't this boy smart?
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The boy is so intelligent that  he usually answered  them without hesitation when he was asked for the mathematical problems.
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从落到地球上的陨石看,有石质的,也有完全是金属的。这说明了什么?这说明这些陨石来自一颗或几颗内部形成了层圈结构的较大的行星。行星演化的规律告诉我们:一颗足够大的行星形成后,内部温度很高,熔化的物质开始分层,重的金属下沉,轻的岩浆上升。金属和岩石质的陨石正是来自一颗这样的星球,否则其物质成分会更加类似彗星。于是我们可以提出这样的假说:几十亿年前,位于火星和木星之间有两颗大小相差不多而轨道相近的行星,他们形成后已经初步演变出内部的层圈。有一天,他们的轨道互相接近了,在双方的引力作用下他们以高速正正地撞在一起,结果形成一次巨大的爆炸,而不是融为一体。爆炸的残骸被抛向整个太阳系,形成众多的小行星和陨石。
小行星带形成的原因,迄今还没有公认的定论。楼主说的就是“爆炸说”的解释:小行星带内原先有一颗与地球、火星不相上下的大行星,后来由于某种现在尚不清楚的原因,这颗大行星发生了爆炸,炸裂的碎片就成了现在的小行星。另外有一种观点是“半成品说”。这种观点认为太阳系诞生初期的原始物质因某种原因未能形成大行星,只形成了以分散状态存在的小行星,称为半成品。对此,我国天文学家戴文赛曾做过精辟的论述和具体的计算,将这种理论向前推动了一大步。目前看来“半成品说”稍稍占优,但仍有许多疑点尚未解决,故未成定论。
因为.....有神仙
  年间,天文学家定期接收到来自火星的无线电信号。世界各地的宇宙监听站接收到的这种无线电信号是些类似莫尔斯电码的符号和一些长划组成的神秘信号。当破译专家将这些来自火星的神秘信号破解后却大吃一惊:这些无线电信号被转换成摄影胶片上的图像后,竟显示出火星表面有一个清晰而巨大的人头雕像。于是,研究人员借助计算机对这个人头雕像进行处理和分析,结果表明:火星上的这个人头雕像已有50多万年的历史了。   日,美国向火星发射的海盗一1号探测器,在火星北半球拍下一些很像埃及金字塔一样的建筑,在距离其中一座金字塔东9000米处还拍下一尊巨大的人头石雕像,在雕像旁边还有一个来历不明的奇怪的暗圈。   此外,水手号火星自动站在飞临火星的一个高原地区上空时,还拍下几座四角金字塔的照片,在火星南极地区则拍摄到一个古城堡遗迹的照片。   ■无法破译的密码   在这些震惊世界的发现中,最令人瞩目的是火星上的那尊人头雕像。不过,最初科学家们对这一发现持怀疑态度,因为在对自然景物的航天摄影中,由于光线和角度不同,火星上有些奇形怪状的岩石和地表景观很容易形成类似某种人或动物形态的图像。于是,研究人员采用计算机最新处理技术,对从不同角度拍摄的6张人头雕像照片进行对比、分析和研究后认定,火星上确实存在一尊人头雕像,从而彻底推翻了关于“火星照片上的人头雕像是光线错乱造成的幻影”的错误结论。    这座火星人头雕像是一座极其宏伟的人工建筑物,它长2600米,宽2300米,高500米,建在一个长方形的石台上。从照片上不难看出,它很像一个戴着宇航头盔的航天员的头像,还雕有鼻子、左右对称的眼睛和嘴,嘴里还刻有牙齿一样的东西,然而说是牙齿,却大得超过想象。科学家们借助电脑放大技术将这张人头雕像照片放大分析后发现,在人头雕像的眼睛里还雕有精细的眼球和瞳孔,其眼睛内部的面积很大,越往下越窄小,能明显地分辨出刻有半球形的眼珠。科学家们再仔细一看,甚感费解的是,在人头雕像左眼下方的面颊上还雕有像泪珠似的东西,它忧伤地遥望着宇宙的远方,究竟望着何方呢?   这一个个震惊世界的新发现,使科学家们对火星这颗神秘星球提出一系列推断和假说。   有人认为,在远古时的火星上曾生活着文明程度相当发达的高级智慧生物,火星上迄今留下的这些古建筑遗迹,很可能是火星人类建造的,至少是到过火星的智慧生物建造的。这些智慧生物很可能在几百万年前访问过地球,埃及金字塔或许也是他们建造的。从火星上发现的巨大人头雕像来看,这很可能是与人的外貌相仿的生物或至少是知道人的外貌的生物雕刻的。   还有人认为,在距今5亿年前,火星上可能不仅拥有辽阔的海洋和鲜花盛开的绿洲,而且大气也跟地球上一样湿润,那里很可能生活着类人生物。后来,这里的火星文明为什么又销声匿迹了呢?火星上的昔日文明很可能是由于发生了生态危机或一场毁灭性战争,从而使全球生物濒临毁灭。就在最后一批火星幸存者即将逃离这覆灭之地的前夕,雕刻了这尊寓意深远的人头雕像,它就是火星文明最终毁灭的悲哀象征,也是向整个宇宙生灵发出的可怕警告。由此看来,地球上定期接收到来自火星的无线电信号,很可能就是安装在火星人头雕像中以太阳能或宇宙能为永久动力的信号发射装置发出的,以指示外来的宇宙智慧生物不要步他们文明毁灭之后尘。还可能是火星文明向以后来这里的其他宇宙文明生物暗示:他们为逃脱最后毁灭的悲惨厄运而乘坐宇宙飞船悲哀地迁居异星避难,撤离火星前为后人建造的警世标志物。此外,在这尊雕像中还可能暗藏着目前地球人类尚无法得知和破译的其他密码信息,只有当地球人类的科学技术水平发展到一定程度时方能破解。   另外一些人则更加确切地推断,火星人曾在一颗叫“法艾东”的行星上创建了一个繁荣昌盛的文明,不幸的是,由于发生了宇宙悲剧,“法艾东”行星解体毁于一旦,生活在“法艾东”上的居民也随之毁灭,只有那些发生悲剧时处在宇宙中或去其他星球的“法艾东”人,其中包括当时住在地球和火星上的“法艾东”人才幸免予难生存下来,于是,他们在地球和火星上建造了金字塔,只有“法艾东”人才掌握了建造这些神奇宏伟建筑的独一无二的本领和知识。有可能地球上的古代祭司们从毁灭的“法艾东”文明的幸存者后代那里继承和掌握了秘传的知识,这些“法艾东”的幸存者曾秘密访问过地球。持上述观点的科学家进一步推断,认为月球曾是“法艾东”行星的一颗卫星,但由于“法艾东”发生了悲剧,月球便被地球俘获,有可能今天乘坐飞碟来访地球的天外神秘访客中就有幸存的“法艾东”人的后代,他们仍在地球上物色他们的忠实信徒,以便向他们秘密传授自己的知识。   ■神秘的人头雕像   日,美国航空航天局向火星发射了载有外来者号火星漫游车的火星探路者号探测器,他们的真正目的在于通过再探火星,找到通向火星人头雕像内部的人口,以寻找和研究外星人在那里的遗产。   不久以前,美国航空航天局组织了一个精明强干的专家组,采用内析法电脑最新处理技术,对火星人头雕像整体航天照片重新进行分析和处理后发现,在火星人头雕像的石基上雕有一系列书写符号和奇特的文字注释,数学家们经过几个月的艰辛劳动才破译出其中的部分内容。这些奇特的外星文字被破译后的意思是“这尊戴有宇航头盔的人头塑像是表现一位叫‘克索安泰斯’的伟大领袖和统帅”。美国航空航天局的科学家们据此得出新的结论:火星人头雕像绝不是一尊普通的纪念像,它是一个大家庭的墓穴,墓穴中肯定会安葬着克索安泰斯及其继承者们的遗体,还有价值连城的火星文化成就的遗产。这正是为什么美国航空航天局必须尽快向火星发射火星探路者号的目的所在。   美国耗资1.96亿美元发射火星探路者号探测器,它于日从美国卡纳维拉尔角发射升空,历经1.05亿千米的艰辛“跋涉”,于日在火星上着陆,它把外来者号6轮遥控火星漫游车送上火星。外来者号火星漫游车除对火星岩石进行拍摄外,还分析和研究其化学成分。无疑,它的另一个现实用途就是考察和研究火星人头雕像。外来者号火星漫游车能开近这个人头雕像并对其绕行,以寻找和发现通向雕像内部的入口,必要时,火星车完全能独立凿洞开道,一旦发现入口,装有摄像机的火星车将长驱直入开进雕像内部的陵墓中,将墓中的古代壁画、纪念物和外星人在那里的遗产全部拍下来。   从火星探路者号发回的火星最新照片分析,火星地表状况十分酷似地球上的撒哈拉大沙漠,还发现火星昔日文明留下的城市废墟、智能生物活动留下的生活设施和某些奇特建筑,还有曾一度水流滔滔、星罗棋布的干涸河床。   前不久,美国航空航天局邀请了著名宇宙学家、人类学家、行星考古学家和与外星人有过频繁接触的UFO研究者,借助地球信息场,对火星上的一系列震惊世界的新发现进行综合分析和研究,进而得出如下结论:在太阳系尚处于气尘状圆盘的最早演化阶段,我们的太阳系曾有2个太阳,而不是1个,因为早期的太阳系曾是个双星系统,而月当时的地球看上去跟今天泅然不同:它相当大,还刚刚萌发生命的幼芽,但这种生命只是遥远过去尚处于最原始起源阶段的生命,而不是处于今天演化周期中的生命体,总之,那时距今非常遥远。   那时火星的大气层跟我们地球气层一样也含有氧的成分,火星上也有蔚蓝色的大海、湍湍不息的河川和茂盛的植被,但最主要的是火星上还生活着智慧生命——火星人,人口数量也不少。火星人也跟我们一样用肺呼吸,机体也是由蛋白质构成的。他们的生理器官和构造同我们相似——自皮肤。不过,火星人却是另外一类人种:他们的脸型与地球人不同,形状有些前突,有点像狮子和拂拂的脸形,须骨较长,留着一种长至肩头或过肩的大背式发型;没有耳朵,也没有类似我们地球人的发音器官,不过,火星人之间借助传心术进行交际;他们的视觉器官跟我们的有所不同——其视频在比我们的视频更大的范围内移动。   火星人的个头高达6米—8米,他们个个都是大力士,但缺乏耐力,身体素质存在很大缺陷,因此,火星人对自然条件的变化相当敏感。而我们现代地球人在这一适应环境的各项指标方面却远远超过火星人——我们既能在寒冷和饥饿的条件下生存,又能在炎热的条件下生息,我们适应新生存环境的能力和速度既强又快。地球人是基因重组技术的产物,是几个种族杂交后的新人种。再则,我们地球文明是在地外文明参与下形成的,因此,地球人富有极强的生命力。看来,火星人不具备这些有利条件,他们是单一人种,只是一个孤立的“大家庭”。   火星人早巳远走高飞,但火星文明的遗迹迄今仍留在那里,虽然它们已被沙暴埋没,但那些高大建筑至今依然耸立在火星上。火星建筑师建筑艺术如此高超绝顶,乃至这些宏伟的建筑物经得起数百万年的考验,今天仍屹立在原处。   火星人的航天运载技术十分发达,远远超出我们的水平。他们那巨大无比的宇宙飞船能邀游整个太阳系。他们的飞船飞起来像彗星那么快,可以飞抵其他星系。当时,火星人虽访问过地球,但对那时的地球毫无兴趣。所以,火星人在地球上没留下任何关于自己的纪念碑。要知道,火星人是实用主义者,他们只建造那些具有实用价值且能发挥某种功效的设施,他们对自己在火星上的建筑也是这种态度,因此,火星上的建筑设施都具有多种功能。无论火星上的金字塔还是巨大的人头雕像都是如此。火星人选用最结实的天然岩石做建筑材料,以确保这些建筑设施的耐久性。   ■火星上的纪念碑   迄今为止,已发现火星上的金字塔群共有3处:一处是美国海盗号火星探测器拍下的那个——塔群中包括人头雕像,但这个塔群并非是最早建造的,因为它保存完好。另外两处金字塔群却相当古老,因为它们损坏严重。火星金字塔约是埃及金字塔的5倍大,而且火星上的所有金字塔都是动能装置,它们能在无人看管的情况下自行工作,即处于自动工作状态,埃及金字塔目前就处于这一工作状态。一旦火星人获得了更多的知识并具备了掌握动能的许多新技术和得天独厚的条件,他们便放弃对金字塔动能系统的使用,但不破坏它们,进而留下代表自身特点的纪念碑。   从太空中的宇宙飞船上鸟瞰火星上的人头雕像十分清晰,其实,它曾是个独特的宇宙导航塔,供在火星上着陆之用。大家知道,无论白天还是黑夜,现代飞机和宇宙飞船在机场和航天基地着陆,全凭地面雷达系统发出的导航信号进行导航,而火星人头雕像就是为火星人的飞船进行导航的,它就是出于这一目的而特殊设计和建造的。火星宇航飞行员能看到人头雕像发出的经严格规定的信号,进而使飞船保持正确航向。要知道,火星人头雕像发出的导航信号能十分精确地修正航天器偏离正确航向的角度,哪怕是最小偏差,宇航员一旦发现飞船偏航,便会采取措施及时修正航向。现已搞清,火星人头雕像还能向目前处于太阳系范围内的一颗火星人的多功能人造卫星传送信息,有关这颗神秘卫星的许多功能,我们的科学家目前知道一些,但尚不完全确知。火星人是以一颗小天体为基础建造这颗人造卫星的,他们能随心所欲地将这个小天体“牵人”所需轨道,以便达到预定目的。火星人把部分设施建在这个小天体的地表以下,但大部分设施都建在其表面。科学家根据大量可疑迹象猜测,火星人建有卫星设施的这个小天体是不是火卫一?科学家们认为,如果我们能在火卫一上着陆,定会查个水落石出。无疑,在小天体上建造人造卫星是火星人的一大科技进步,但令人遗憾的是,当时的火星人类已处于文明演化周期的黄昏阶段。当火星的环日轨道发生变化后,火星上的生命便不复存在。既然这种毁灭性归宿不属于我们地球人类,我们将作为未开发宇宙中的能量体而继续生存下去,而火星人却只能在火星上留下他们那变成尸体的躯壳,进而变成更脆弱的生命形式而远遁他乡。         为什么火星人在火星上的建筑如此宏大?科学家们认为,由于火星人身高6米—8米,身高力大,所以他们的体能条件远远好于我们地球人,而且火星引力也小于地球引力,所以火星上具有远远小于地球重力的得天独厚的天然条件。看来,只有火星人才能用体积比地球上大几倍的巨石来营造设施。火星人头雕像比莫斯科电视塔还高许多,它像复活节岛上的人头雕像一样高高地耸立在火星上,它曾是火星人宇宙飞船最理想的导航标。自火星环日轨道改变后,那里的生物便销声匿迹了,而火星上的地震却时有发生。地震打破了那里往日的平静,一些年久风化的雕像和建筑纷纷被震倒坍塌,变成一片废墟,只有那座用最结实的天然岩石雕造的火星人头像依然完整无损地屹立在火星上。而构筑昔日火星辉煌文明的火星巨人今天又在何方呢?   ■金星上的无线电波   1956年,美国天文学家理查森曾经接收到了来自云层下金星表面的雷达反射波,并且发现金星十分缓慢地,以相反的方向——顺时针方向在旋转。   同年,一个在迈耶尔领导下的天文学家小组也接收到来自金星的无线电波,他们惊奇地发现,这些波的强度竞与某个原先设想应比金星更热的星体的强度相等。   日,美国金星探测器水手2号从金星旁的空间经过,探测到金星的无线电波,证实了早先的报道。   日,苏联金星探测器金星4号进人了金星大气层,在一个半小时的下降过程中发回了有关金星无线电被确切的数据。   日和l了日降落到金星表面上的金星5号和金星6号,再一次确定无疑地证实了这一点。   问题在于:如果金星上没有生命的话,这些神秘的尚未破解的无线电波从何而来?   事实上,人们普遍认为,在古代的某一时期,地球大气中二氧化碳的含量比现在大得多,而游离的氧却很少。此外,当早期地球生命出现的时候,地球上的大气有点像目前的金星,不过不是那么稠密。   从金星的大气中有非常丰富的二氧化碳和十分缺少氧(至今还一点都没有发现)这一事实中,那些否认外星人文明及其飞碟的科学家毫不犹豫地推断,金星上没有这种地球式的光合作用,或者,至少还没有形成多久,因此,金星上就不可能有绿色植物,也不可能有任何动物。金星因此也决不可能是地球外的高智慧生命的栖居之地。   这样的说法是否太武断了呢?   ■金星上的金字塔遗迹   1989年1月,前苏联发射的一枚探测器终于穿过了金星表面浓厚的大气层,通过对其发回照片的科学分析,科学家们惊奇地发现,金星地表原来分布有2 座城市的遗迹。   关于金星的这一最新秘密,是前苏联科学家尼古拉·里宾契调夫在布鲁塞尔的科学研讨会上披露的。   在这次会议上,里宾契河夫说:“那些城市全散布在金星表面,如我们能知道是谁建造了它们就好了,……我们绝对无法在金星上生存片刻,但一些生物却做到了——并留下了一个伟大的文化遗迹证明它。”   “那些城市以马车轮的形状建成,中间的轮轴就是大都会所在。根据我们估计,那里有一个庞大公路网将它们所有城市连接起来,直通它的中央。”   不久,美国发射的探测器也发回了不少有关金星地表城市建筑遗迹的照片。经过科学的处理、辨认、分析,科学家们确认,那2 座城市遗迹完全是由“三角锥”形金字塔状建筑组成的,每座城市实际上是一座巨型金字塔,这2 座巨型金字塔摆成一个巨型的马车轮形状,其间的辐射状大道连接着中央的大城市。   研究者们认为,这些金字塔形的城市可以日避高温,夜避严寒,再大的风暴对它也无可奈何。   1988年,前苏联宇宙物理学家阿列克塞·普斯卡夫宣布说,在金星地表也发现了像火星上那样的人面形建筑。   这是不是意昧着这两个星球有某种特殊的联系呢?   早在1973年,前苏联天文学家谢尔盖·罗萨诺夫教授提出了飞碟来自金星的假设,他说:“金星人数世纪来,就生活在金星地表下面,在那里,金星人构筑了真正的地下城,在人造环境中生存繁衍。金星上大气被毁坏,动物和植物被污染致死,这是因为金星人的文明发展走人歧途而失去了控制的缘故,后来,金星人慢慢地开发了他们居住地的地下,在那里种植作物、饲养动物、制造大气和必要的热量。他们利用了原子能,但在地面留下了数以百万计的尸体,也许金星上四分之三的人口都死于了核爆炸。既然金星人已取得了核力量,那么很难设想他们至今会不了解我们的存在。我个人认为,不时地出现在地球表面的飞碟是金星人派来侦察的飞行器”。   在金星的城市废墟下面,在金星地下是否真正还活着金星人,谁也很难作绝对的否定,外星人把金星作为飞碟基地,那更是完全可能的。因此,我们对金星人的寻访工作还没有完成。我们也还不能够明确地肯定或否定金星生命及其文明世界的存在,因为在我们古老的神话传说或经典记载里,在遥远古老的洪荒时代,金星人就曾经来访问过我们地球,并且留下了许多他们殖民地球的历史遗迹。
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2017届高考英语(江苏专用)一轮复习讲义:Book 2 Unit 1(牛津译林版)
2017届高考英语(江苏专用)一轮复习讲义:Book 2 Unit 1(牛津译林版)
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  话题词汇  1.mystery n.谜  2.puzzling/strange/weird adj.奇怪的  3.witness v.见证  4.give an explanation解释  5.result in/lead to导致  6.by accident碰巧  经典语篇  某论坛开设了一个主题为“Tales of the unexplained”的专区。请你根据以下信息,写一篇150词左右的短文,发表在论坛上 。  名称:报时怪石  位置:澳大利亚中部的沙漠  高度:348米  现象:能够有规律地改变颜色,早上为棕色;中午为灰蓝色(dusty blue);下午为红色。  注意:可适当增加细节,使行文连贯。  佳作欣赏  Have you ever heard of a rock which can tell time? There is one with the height of 348 meters.① The rock just lies in a desert in the middle of Australia.②  Its color can alter regularly in a day,and it makes people puzzled about it.③ It’s brown after sunrise in the morning.Interestingly,it turns dusty blue at noon.④ However,in the afternoon,it’s weird that red will appear on its surface.  Scientists have been studying this amazing phenomenon for long but nobody has been able to explain how this happens.⑤ In the future,perhaps scientists can find out the exact reason.  思维发散  1.将第①②句用分词结构连成一句  There is one rock with the height of 348 meters,lying in a desert in the middle of Australia.  2.用主语从句改写第③句  What makes people puzzled is that its color can alter regularly in a day.  3.用强调句型改写第④句,强调at noon  Interestingly,it is at noon that it turns dusty blue.  4.仿照第⑤句用现在完成进行时翻译句子  雨已经连着下了三天了。  It has been raining for three days on end.  Ⅰ.重点单词  A.写作单词  1.occur (vi.)发生  2.villager (n.)村民  3.laughter (n.)笑声,笑  4.exist (vi.)存在  existence (n.)存在  5.evidence (n.)证据  evident (adj.)明显的  6.examine (vt.)检查  examination (n.)考试;检查  7.amazing (adj.)令人惊奇(惊叹的)  amazed (adj.)吃惊的  amaze (vt.)使惊奇,使惊诧  amazement (n.)惊奇;惊愕  8.length (n.)长度  lengthen (v.)加长;使延长  long (adj.)长的  9.assume (vt.)假定;认为  assumption (n.)假定,假设  10.injury (n.)伤害  injure (vt.)伤害,损害  injured (adj.)受伤的;受损害的  11.disagree (vi.)不同意  disagreement (n.)分歧,争论,意见不一  agree (v.)同意,赞成  B.阅读单词  12.dismiss (vt.)不予考虑;解雇;解散  13.appropriate (adj.)适当的  14.unexplained (adj.)无法解释的,神秘的  15.creature (n.)动物;(具备某种特征的)人  16.humour (n.)幽默  humorous (adj.)幽默的  17.convince (vt.)使确信,使相信  convincing (adj.)令人信服的  convinced (adj.)坚信,确信  18.survive (vi.& vt.)生存,幸存;挺过(难关);比……活(或存在)的时间长  survival (n.)幸存,存活  survivor (n.)幸存者  19.disappear (vi.)消失;失踪  disappearance (n.)消失;失踪  appear (vi.)出现,显现;似乎  appearance (n.)出现;外观,外貌  20.organize(organise) (vt.)组织,筹备;安排,处理  organized (adj.)有组织的,系统的  organizer (n.)组织者,安排者  organization (n.)组织;机构  21.statement (n.)陈述;声明  state (vt.)陈述;声明;(n.)状态  Ⅱ.重点短语  1.due to由于,因为  2.show up 出现,现身  3.look into调查;检查  4.step up加紧,加强,促进  5.take charge of负责,掌管  6.make up编造,捏造,杜撰;构成  7.belong to属于  8.make one’s way to前往,到……去  Ⅲ.经典句式  1.Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10:45 p.m.  目击者也说,当晚10点45分他们看见贾斯廷朝自己家的方向走去。  2.Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.  (飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤的怪物,个个都长着又大又黑的眼睛。  3.When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens,Detective Sam Peterson...  当被问及贾斯廷被外星人带走的可能性时,侦探萨姆·彼得森……  4.The Yeti is said to be a large,hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.  据说,野人体格高大多毛,像人类一样用双脚行走。  1  [应试指导] puzzled 与puzzling的辨析  ?1?be puzzled about对……迷惑  ?2?puzzle n.谜;疑问;v.迷惑;使困惑  be in a puzzle不知如何是好  puzzle over/about苦思冥想  ?3?puzzling adj.令人困惑的  (1)This morning,when I was walking on the street,I saw that two travelers were reading a map,looking puzzled.  今天早晨,当我在街上走的时候,我看到两个旅行者正在看一份地图,看上去很困惑。  (2)People are puzzled about the situation in Thailand.  人们对泰国的局势感到迷茫。  (3)People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And there’s no obvious answer.  人们一直不知道埃及人怎样移动那些巨大的石头的,而且也没有明显的答案。(2015·四川)  多维训练  用puzzle的适当形式填空  (1)Why she should have said that puzzled him.  (2)His letter poses a number of puzzling questions.  (3)Henry was puzzled about the figures for hours without knowing anything about it.  2  [应试指导] assuming,suppose,supposing,provided,providing,given等用作连词引导条件状语从句  ?1?assume sb./sth.to be...认为某人?事?……  assuming ?that?...假设……?引导条件状语从句?  It is assumed that...人们认为……  ?2?assumption n.假定;设想;承担;掌握  on the assumption that...假定……  (1)Scientists assume there is no life on Mars.  科学家们认为火星上没有生命。  (2)Let’s assume him to be late for the meeting.What will happen then?  让我们假设他开会迟到,那会发生什么呢?  (3)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为,压力系工作过重所致。  (4)The assumption that the war would end quickly proved wrong.  认为战争会迅速结束的看法被证明是错误的。  多维训练  (1)同义句改写  ①If there wasn’t the hard work of the dustman,can you imagine what our environment will be like?(用assuming和can you imagine作插入语改写)  Assuming (that) there wasn’t the hard work of the dustman,what can you imagine our environment will be like?  ②People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主语改写)  It is assumed that what one does has little effect on the environment.  (2)What will you do on the  that you can’t beat him in the first round of the match?  A.assumption  B.situation  C.condition  D.expectation  答案 A  解析 考查名词辨析。句意为:假定你在第一轮比赛中打不赢他,你将怎么办呢?on the assumption that假定,符合句意。  3  [应试指导] 写作高级句型:It’s evident that...  ?1?evident adj.明显的;明白的  be evident to sb.对某人来说很明显  It’s evident that...很明显……  ?2?evidently adv.明显地,显而易见地  (1)There is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease.  有很多证据证明压力是造成疾病的原因之一。  (2)Anything you say may be taken down and used as evidence against you.  你说的每句话都可以被记录下来用作指控你的证据。  (3)Jim said there was no clear evidence that they meant to cheat investors.  吉米说没有明显的证据表明他们故意欺骗投资者。  多维训练  (1)完成句子  ①没有任何证据表明他有罪。  There is no evidence that he is guilty.  ②大家很清楚他错了。  It is evident that he is wrong.  (2)The scientists have not found that there is any  of life on other planets.  A.distinction  B.evidence  C.exam  D.example  答案 B  解析 考查名词辨析。句意为:科学家还没有发现任何有关其他星球上存在生命的证据。所以选择B。  4  base n.基地;大本营;底部;基础;vt.以……为基础  [应试指导] 过去分词(短语)作状语的用法  ?1?base...on/upon把……建立在……的基础上  be based on/upon以……为基础/依据  ?2?on the basis of在……基础上;以……为根据  on a daily/regular...basis每天/定期地……  ?3?basic adj.基本的,基础的  (1)He formed his theory on the basis of practice.  他以实践为基础形成了他的理论。  (2)He based his conclusion on the evidence given by the prisoner.  他根据囚犯提供的证据得出了自己的结论。  (3)You have to measure the blood pressure on a daily basis.你必须每天量血压。  多维训练  (1)同义句改写  The restaurant is based on trust,and it is working all right.  ①Based on trust,the restaurant is working all right.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)  ②The restaurant,which is based on trust,is working all right./The restaurant,which is working all night,is based on trust.(用定语从句改写)  (2)  an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.  A.Based  B.Basing  C.Base  D.To base  答案 B  解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为:如果把一个重要决定更多的建立在情感上而不是理智上,你迟早会后悔的。所以选择B。  5  ?1?exist on靠……生存;靠……生活  There exists/existed有……,某地有……  ?2?existence n.存在;生活,生活方式  come into existence/being产生;成立;开始存在  be in existence存在  (1)We cannot exist without air,food and water.  没有空气、食物和水我们就不能生存。  (2)There exist great possibilities of success for a young man in life.  对一个年轻人来说成功的可能性是很大的。  (3)Do you know when this kind of robot came into existence? 你知道这种机器人什么时候问世的吗?  (4)According to some philosophers,everything in existence is reasonable.  某些哲学家认为,存在的事物都是合理的。  多维训练  (1)完成句子  ①地震中受困的人们靠水生存了好几天。  The people trapped in the earthquake existed on the water for several days.  ②有一个解决现存的地理问题的好办法。  There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.  (2)The custom of arranged marriages still  in many countries.  A.appears  B.lives  C.exists  D.lies  答案 C  解析 考查动词辨析。句意为:在许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的风俗。所以选择C。  6  ?1?win/get/receive an award for因……而获奖  ?2?award sb.sth.=award sth.to sb.授予某人某物  (1)He was nominated for the best actor award.  他获得最佳男演员奖提名。  (2)The prize is awarded annually.该奖每年颁发一次。  (3)She won an award for her outstanding performance.  她凭借杰出的表现获得了奖励。  [词义辨析] award,prize,reward  (1)award指奖状或其他表彰物,以示授予者的称誉、感谢或鼓励。  (2)prize指赢得比赛所获得的奖金或有价值的东西。  (3)reward指悬赏或谢意。  多维训练  (1)用award,prize,reward填空  ①He gave the boy a reward of one pound for bringing back the lost dog.  ②If you won that prize,how would you spend the money?  ③As an award for your excellent service,I present you on behalf of the company with a gold watch.  (2)一句多译  他们授予约翰一等奖。  ①They awarded John the first prize.(award sb.sth.)  ②They awarded the first prize to John.(award sth.to sb.)  (3)Martin Luther King Jr.was  the Nobel Peace Prize of 1964 for advocating nonviolence policy in the movement for civil rights.  A.awarded  B.offered  C.rewarded  D.received  答案 A  解析 句意为:马丁·路德·金因为在民权运动中主张采取非暴力政策而被授予1964年诺贝尔和平奖。reward指“给予报酬”或“奖赏”;award指因成绩或贡献由政府或社团给予奖励。  7  [应试指导] “动词+sb.+of”类语境词义辨析  ?1?convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事  convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事  be convinced of/that...相信……  ?2?convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的  (1)An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.  一个名叫Ellis Chesbrough的工程师使这座城市相信除了在地面上修建管道然后用土将管道盖住之外别无它法。(2015·湖南)  (2)I soon convinced him of my innocence.  我很快便让他相信了我是清白的。  (3)How did you convince him to believe what you said?你是怎样说服他相信你说的话的。  (4)What he said sounds very convincing.  他的话听起来很有说服力。  多维训练  (1)用convince的适当形式填空  ①I am convinced of his guilt.  ②This last argument is the most convincing to me.  ③Mr.Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead.(2015·陕西)  (2)I don’t believe what you said,but if you can prove it,you may be able to  me.  (2017·江西,29)  A.convince  B.inform  C.guarantee  D.refuse  答案 A  解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意为:我不相信你说的话,但是如果你能证明你所说的,也许你就能使我信服。convince使……相信,使……信服,符合句意。inform通知;guarantee保证,担保;refuse拒绝。  8  survive on靠……存活下来  A survive?s? B A比B活得长  survive sth.幸免于;从……中活过来  (1)There are concerns that the refugees may not survive the winter.有人担心这些难民活不过冬天。  (2)Just eight passengers survived the plane crash.  在这次飞机失事中仅有8名乘客幸免于难。  [特别提醒]  (1)survive本身已表示“幸存;幸免于”,因而不要加多余的in或from。  (2)survive意为“比……多活多长时间”时,用“A survive(s) B by+时间”结构表示。  多维训练  (1)用适当的介词填空  ①Mr.White survived his wife by 9 years.  ②Many of the peasants survive on tiny plots of corn and beans.  (2)单句改错  ①This drug can help people survive from heart attacks.去掉from  ②Plants,like other creatures,survive in water and air.in→on  9  [应试指导] step相关短语的用法  ?1?step forward走上前来,跨前一步  step back?由于吃惊?后退一步  step into 踏进  ?2?step by step 一步步地  out of step步伐不一致  take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事  (1)I hope you try to get them to step up production.  我希望你尽力让他们加紧生产。  (2)I stepped forward when my name was called out.  听到叫我的名字时,我向前迈了一步。  (3)We should enrich our knowledge step by step.  我们应当逐步地丰富我们的知识。  (4)This type of training is out of  step with changes in the industry.  这种培训和该行业的变化不同步。  多维训练  (1)我们应该采取措施阻止战争。  We should take steps to prevent war.  (2)他们的工资已大大提高。  Their salaries have been stepped up a lot.  (3)这些问题应该逐步解决。  These problems should be solved step by step.  10  ?1?show...around带……参观  show sb.in/out领某人进来/出去  show off炫耀,卖弄  ?2?be on show在展出  (1)We were waiting for him all the afternoon but he failed to show up.  我们整个下午都在等他,可是他没有来。  (2)Boys tends to show off their sports skills to girls.  那些男孩总想在女孩面前显摆他们的运动技巧。  (3)You will be shown around our newly-built dormitory building.有人将带你们参观新建的宿舍大楼。  多维训练  (1)用适当的介、副词填空  ①We were hoping for a full team today but only five players showed up.  ②He likes to show off his wealth,even to total strangers.  ③These photographs are on show at the museum until October.  ④First of all,you are supposed to show the visitors in and then out.  (2)Poor as she was,she was eager for attention.Thus,she had to think of borrowing some jewels to  at the party.  A.show up  B.show out  C.show in  D.show off  答案 D  解析 第二句句意为:因此,她想借一些珠宝在晚会上炫耀。show off炫耀,符合句意。  11  make up 编造,杜撰;组成;化妆;补上;凑数;和好;占  make up for弥补;补偿  be made up of由……组成?构成?  be made of/from由……制成  be made into把……制成  be made out of由……制成  make it获得成功;约定时间  make out看清;分清;辨认清楚  (1)Women officers make up 13 percent of the police force.女警占警力的13%。  (2)Insects are made up of tens of thousands of proteins.  昆虫由数万种蛋白质构成。  (3)I’d like to ride a bike to travel all over the country,but I still doubt whether I can make it.  我想骑自行车游遍全国,但是我还是怀疑我能否做到。  多维训练  (1)写出下列句中make up的汉语意思  ①North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成;构成  ②I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造  ③She spent too much time making herself up.化妆  ④Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow?补上  ⑤Why don’t you make up with her and forget all about your quarrel?和好  (2)用适当的介、副词填空  ①The wine is made from grapes.  ②Waste products from factories can be made into road-building material.  ③The fence is made of iron.  ④She was a strange sort of person;I couldn’t make her out.  ⑤We must work hard now to make up for the lost time.  ⑥The committee is made up of representatives of every state.  12  [应试指导] look短语语境词义辨析  look down on/upon蔑视;轻视;瞧不起  look on...as...把……看作……  look out ?for?注意;留神  look through浏览;仔细查看  look up to尊敬;仰视  look up查阅  (1)A working party has been set up to look into the problem.  已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。  (2) No wonder aliens look down on us!  外星人瞧不起我们并不奇怪!  (3)They all looked on him as a member of their family.他们都把他看作自家人。  (4)If there are words you do not understand,look them up in a dictionary.有生词就查词典。  多维训练  短语填空  (1)You’re a popular girl,Grace,and a lot of the younger ones look up to you.  (2)He happened to be looking through the medical book Gray’s Anatomy at the time.  (3)Look out for thieves when you stay there.  (4)It should also look into the possibilities of wind-generated electricity.  13  [应试指导] 作为高级词汇替换go to sp.  feel one’s way摸索着前进  lose one’s way迷路  fight/push one’s way推/挤着前进  wind one’s way蜿蜒前进  force one’s way挤出去  make way for给……让路;让位于……  give way妥协,让步;让路  (1)We made our way directly to the recreation room.我们直接向娱乐室走去。  (2)The policeman Billy forced his way through the crowd,shouting “Stand aside!”  警察比利强行挤过人群,喊着“让开!”  多维训练  用上述短语的的适当形式填空  (1)There was no light,so we had to feel our way in the dark.  (2)She gradually fought/pushed her way to the top of the company.  (3)Try and force your way through the crowd.  (4)The bus is winding its way up the mountain.  (5)It’s very easy to lose your way in a strange city.  (6)Since neither of them gave way,they came to no agreement.  (7)We stepped aside to make way for the car so that it could pass easily.  14  多维训练  (1)完成句子  ①他是一起可怕凶杀案的目击者。  He is a witness to a terrible murder.  ②这些画证明了画家的创造力。  These paintings gave witness to the painter’s creativity.  ③近几年中国已经见证了一系列重大变化。  China has witnessed a series of great changes in the past few years.  (2)People like taking photos because photos are the  of youth and history and can remind us of many happy scenes.  A.witness  B.guidance  C.evidence  D.approval  答案 A  解析 句意为:人们喜欢照相因为照片是青春和历史的见证,它可以让我们回忆起很多美好的情景。witness见证,符合句意。  15  [特别提醒]  表示“某人突然想起”的短语:  sth.occurs to/strikes/hits sb.  sb.hits/strikes (on) sth.  es into one’s mind  It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that...  多维训练  (1)一句多译  我突然想起了一个主意。  ①An idea occurred to/struck/hit me.  ②An idea came into my mind.  ③I hit/struck on an idea.  (2)It suddenly occurred to him  he had left his keys in the office.  A.whether  B.where  C.which  D.that  答案 D  解析 考查It occurs to sb.that...句型。it为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语。所以选择D。  16  多维训练  (1)完成句子  ①李华获得了出国的机会,现在正坐在飞机上和其他乘客愉快地交谈着。  Li Hua,who has the chance to go abroad is on board and talking happily with other people aboard.  ②该上船了。  It’s time to get aboard.  (2)They went  the ship just before it started to leave.  A.aboard  B.board  C.aboard on  D.board on  答案 A  解析 go aboard the ship或go on board the ship是固定用法,意为“上船”。  17  多维训练  (1)用适当的介词填空  ①Frankly speaking,I have little money in reserve.  ②She told me all about it without reserve.  ③I reserve my favorable comments for my former monitor.  (2)完成句子  ①你需要提前订票吗?  Do you have to reserve tickets in advance?  ②我保留做出决定的权利。  I reserve the right to make my own decisions.  ③我想预定两个位子。  I’d like to make a reservation for a table for two.  (3)These seats are  for special guests.  A.preserved  B.reserved  C.reversed  D.occupied  答案 B  解析 此处考查reserve sth.for...的被动形式。reserve储备或预定为将来特殊情况使用,如reserve a seat (room)“预订一个席位(房间)”,此时与order相同;preserve强调“收藏,保存”,其目的是使之完好无损、质量不变。  18  多维训练  (1)翻译句子  ①努力学习,增强你的实力。  Study hard and build up your strength.  ②这是一个融入社会提高能力的机会。(2015·福建)  It’s an opportunity to be social and improve your strength.  (2)To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their  and weaknesses.  A.strengths  B.benefits  C.techniques  D.values  答案 A  解析 strength此处意为“长处,优势”,根据句意“为了使体育队的成员在比赛中取得更好的成绩,教练首先要了解队员的强项和薄弱的地方”可判断出选A。  19  多维训练  (1)完成句子  ①上个月她因病没来上课。  She missed her class due to illness last month.  ②史密斯教授定于明天上午8点给我们演讲。  Professor Smith is due to give us a lecture at 8 tomorrow morning.  ③他考上大学是因为他的勤奋努力。  He entered the university due to his great effort.  (2)The bus was due to  at 5 p.m.,but it arrived one hour late due to  by the heavy fog.  A.arrive;be held up  B.arrive;being held up  C.arriving;be held up  D.having arrived;having been held up  答案 B  解析 考查due的用法。句意为:汽车应该下午5点到达,但是由于被大雾耽搁,晚点一小时。所以选择B。  20  [特别提醒]  belong to无被动语态,无进行时,后接名词的普通格或代词宾格。  多维训练  (1)用belong的适当形式填空  ①The book belonging to him is on the desk.  ②He was identified only by his uniform and personal belongings.  (2)You may not understand what they have done,because they  a younger generation.  A.belong to  B.are belonged to  C.are belonging to  D.will be belonged to  答案 A  解析 考查belong to的用法。句意为:你们可能不理解他们的做法,因为他们属于年轻一代。所以选择A。  21  When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens,Detective Sam Peterson...  当被问及贾斯廷被外星人带走的可能性时,侦探萨姆·彼得森……  ?1?when asked...相当于when he was asked...。当状语从句的主语同主句的主语一致或主语是it,且从句中含有动词be时,可以省略状语从句的主语和动词be。  ?2?掌握下列短语:if any如果有的话;if so如果是这样的话;if ever如果曾经有的话;if not如果不这样的话  (1)I have proved that friendship can help while in a different country.  我已经证明当你处在一个不同的国家时,友谊会对你有所帮助。  (2)When necessary,we’ll help him solve the problem.  如果必要的话,我们会帮助他解决这个问题。  (3)Online shopping,when properly done,can save a lot of time,money and energy.  网上购物如果使用得当,可以省下很多时间、金钱和精力。  多维训练  (1)把下列句中的斜体部分补充完整  ①The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if carried out regularly,can improve our health.if they are carried out regularly  ②Every evening after dinner,if not tired from work,I will spend some time walking my dog.if I am not tired from work  ③Some of you may have finished Unit One.If so,you can go on to Unit Two.If it is so  (2)If  for the job, you’ll be informed soon.(2015·北京,31)  A.to accept  B.accept  C.accepting  D.accepted  答案 D  解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意为:如果你被录用做这份工作的话,你将会很快得到通知。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词,补充完整为:If you are accepted for the job,所以选D。  (3)Video games can be a poor influence if  in the wrong hands.(2015·湖南,24)  A.to leave  B.leaving  C.leave  D.left  答案 D  解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为:如果落在不合适的人的手中,电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave的逻辑主语是video games,主语video games与leave之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。if left...是“连词+过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。  22  The Yeti is said to be a large,hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.  据说,野人体格高大多毛,像人类一样用双脚行走。  sb./sth.be said/thought/believed/hoped...to do/to be doing/to have done,根据动词不定式和said动作之间的时间关系来断定使用不定式的一般式、进行式还是完成式。此结构还可以转变为以下句型结构:  It is said that...据说……  It is thought that...大家认为……  It is believed that...人们相信……  It is hoped that...人们希望……  It is reported that...据报道……  It is well-known that...众所周知……  It is supposed that...据推测……  (1)—Is Bob still performing?  —I’m afraid not.He is said to have left the stage already as he has become an official.  ——鲍勃还在表演吗?  ——恐怕不了。据说因为他当了官早已离开了舞台。  (2)It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.  据说人类天生就有说话的能力。  (3)It’s reported that our industrial and agricultural production is going on increasing.  据报道,我国的工农业生产在持续增长.  (4)It is well-known that the Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific Ocean.  众所周知,大西洋仅是太平洋的一半大。  多维训练  (1)同义句改写(用he作主语改写下列句子)  ①It is supposed that he is working in that big company.  He is supposed to be working in that big company.  ②It is said that he has written a new book about workers.  He is said to have written a new book about workers.  ③It is thought that he often helps the people in need.  He is often thought to help the people in need.  (2)Ebola(埃博拉病毒) is said  another big health challenge to our humans over the past several months.  A.becoming  B.to become  C.having become  D.to have become  答案 D  解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为:据说在过去几个月里,埃博拉病毒已经变成对我们人类健康的另一巨大挑战。句型sb.be said to have done据说某人已经做过某事。本句型中动词不定式作主语的补足语,不定式中用完成时态说明动作发生在主语动作之前。根据句意可知选D。  (3)He is said  there for two years.  A.working  B.to work  C.to have worked  D.to be working  答案 C  解析 考查sb.be said to do sth.。由本句中的for two years可知不定式应用完成时,故选C项。  微写作  写作素材(关于未解之谜)  1.最近几年,有些人目睹了像UFO类的东西。  2.事实上存在很多难以解释的、令人困惑的,甚至令人惊奇的现象。  3.人们相信有外部空间生物存在的可能性。  4.需要人们做出调查。  提示:黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。  连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)  In recent years,some people have witnessed something similar to UFO.In fact,there exist many unexplained,puzzling and even amazing phenomena.People are convinced that there is possibility of the existence of outer space creatures,which needs people to look into it.  Ⅰ.单项填空  1.The 18th and 19th centuries  the widespread use of electricity and the birth of the steam engine.  A.made  B.proved  C.spared  D.witnessed  答案 D  解析 句意为:18、19世纪见证了电的广泛传播和蒸汽引擎的诞生。some time witness sth.某时见证某事,所以选择D。  2.A policeman put some chemicals on the piece of paper,and a line of words  .  A.gave up  B.showed up  C.made up  D.stayed up  答案 B  解析 考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃;show up出现;make up弥补,化妆,编造;stay up熬夜。句意为:一个警察在纸上放了些化学药品,一行字就出现了。所以选B。  3.There are some health problems that,when  in time,can become bigger ones later on.(2017·浙江,19)  A.not treated  B.not being treated  C.not to be treated  D.not having been treated  答案 A  解析 句意为:有些健康问题,如果不及时处理,以后会变得更严重。when not treated in time为插入语,在本句中为时间状语从句,把that can become bigger ones later on这个定语从句给隔开了。when引导时间状语从句时,可以出现省略的现象,但必须满足两个条件:首先,时间状语从句中的主语必须和主句主语一致;其次,从句中含有be动词。本句中补充完整的状语从句为:when they are not treated in time,其他选项形式不对。故答案为A项。  4.  on this report,the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this new continent.  A.Having based  B.Basing  C.Based  D.To be based  答案 C  解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为:基于这份报告,英国政府决定让詹姆斯库克船长去寻找这个新大陆。be based on基于,所以选择C。  5.We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon—  that the others agree.  A.to assume  B.assumed  C.assume  D.assuming  答案 D  解析 assuming that...假定……。类似表达有:providing/supposing that...。本题选D。  6.Scientists are convinced  the positive effect of laughter  physical and mental health.  A.of;at  B.by;in  C.of;on  D.on;at  答案 C  解析 句意为:科学家们坚信笑对身心健康有积极影响。be convinced of坚信,深信;effect常与on连用,意为“对……的影响”。以上两个均属于固定搭配。所以选C。  7.After the traffic accident,no one  except a few people who were badly injured.  A.survive  B.survived  C.was survived  D.was surviving  答案 B  解析 从句意分析可知,此处survive应表示“幸存”的意思,是不及物动词,不能用被动语态。所以选B。  8.That money is  to me,but I haven’t got it yet.  A.certain  B.due  C.belong  D.owe  答案 B  解析 due to sb.应支付给某人,是固定搭配;C、D两项形式不对。所以选B。  9.Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music,but she  it with hard work.(2017·大纲全国,31)  A.goes back on  B.takes away from  C.makes up for  D.catches up with  答案 C  解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为:卡罗琳虽然没有音乐方面的天赋,但是她用刻苦努力来弥补它。go back on背叛,背弃;take away from拿走,带走;make up for弥补;catch up with赶上,追上。由句中的关键信息doesn’t have a gift for music以及并列连词but可知,她是用刻苦努力来“弥补(make up for)”没有音乐天赋这件事。  10.Would you please  the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?  A.look around  B.look into  C.look up  D.look through  答案 D  解析 look around/round环顾,四下察看;look into调查,向……里面看;look up查阅,抬头往上看;look through快速查看,浏览。由后面的and see if there are any obvious mistakes可知,空格处应表示“快速看一下”,所以选D。  11.If you want to  in the world,you must learn to work hard while you are still young.  A.make much of yourself  B.make the way out  C.make you out  D.make your way  答案 D  解析 make one’s way除了可表示“到(某地),(向某地)走去”之外,还可表示“成功;有出息”。根据语境应是“如果你想成功”,故选D项。make much of sb./sth.重视;make sth.out看清,辨认清楚;make sb.out看透,弄懂某人。  12.AIDS is said  the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.  A.that it is  B.to be  C.that it has here  D.to have been  答案 D  解析 It is said that从句可转为sb./sth.be said to do/to be doing/to have done的形式。由此可排除A、C两项;由句子中的时间状语over the past few years可知要用完成时,所以排除B项。答案选D。  13.  all of them are strong candidates,only one will be chosen for the post.  A.Since  B.While  C.If  D.As  答案 B  解析 考查while引导的让步状语从句。while除了可以引导时间状语从句外,还可以引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”,这时常将从句放在主句前。故答案为B项。  14.East of our school  two companies  make electric motorbikes.  A.are;that  B.is;where  C.is;that  D.are;where  答案 A  解析 该句为倒装句,主语为two companies,故谓语用复数;companies后为定语从句,缺少主语,故用that。所以选A。  15.It suddenly occurred to me  I hadn’t locked my door.  A.which  B.where  C.that  D.whether  答案 C  解析 考查名词性从句。句意为:我突然想起我没锁门。it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。It occurs to sb.that...某人突然想起……。答案为C。  Ⅱ.完形填空  As a child I lived in a narrow house with five floors.Half my youth was  16  in running up and down the staircase and I have been a devoted stair-climber ever since.  The only place where I  17  take the stairs—unless I am going only one floor—is in the office.You could say this is because I am too busy climbing a  18  ladder to have any strength left for an actual one,but  19  it is because the long hours sitting still in front of a screen sap(耗尽) my  20  to expend and energy at all.  Yet a couple of weeks ago,  21  by a friend,I started walking up the 80 stairs to the office canteen,making the  22  several times a day in search of coffee,chocolates and Diet Cokes.  I have been  23  for this in various ways.First,it is usually  24  :55 seconds compared with about 70 in the lift,assuming a couple of stops on the way.Second,it  25  you feeling agreeably smug(得意的).Third,it is a less stressful way of having chance to  26  colleagues.In the lift you are forced into a stressful exchange,while on the stairs you smile and  27  moving.Most important of all,it drags you out of your torpor(死气沉沉).  Here,at last,is something that is good for you but that has none of the  28  of most healthy things.It does not taste bad or  29  special clothing;it is not inconvenient,expensive or  30  ;it does not require any skill or courage.  Yet despite these  31  ,stairs in offices are usually  32  of walkers.Instead,they are mainly used as a hiding place,a place for phoning your bank,shouting at your builder or exchanging top-secret gossip.I really don’t know why they  33  to take stairs.In my opinion,if companies really want to get people using the stairs,something stronger is  34  —like putting half the lifts out of service,  35  the strong people to walk.  16.A.wasted  B.involved  C.spent  D.experienced  答案 C  解析 孩提时代,作者住在一栋有五层的狭窄楼房中,有一半的青春是在楼梯间上上下下中度过的(spend)。  17.A.often  B.occasionally  C.frequently  D.never  答案 D  解析 除非去的地方只有一层楼,否则“我”唯一从来不爬楼梯的场所是在办公室。  18.A.virtual  B.challenging  C.long  D.visual  答案 A  解析 此处与后面的an actual one相对应。句意为:你可能会说,这是因为我忙着攀登职场虚拟的阶梯,而没有精力爬现实中的楼梯。  19.A.personally  B.actually  C.generally  D.typically  答案 B  解析 “忙着攀登职场虚拟的阶梯”是假设的理由,实际上(actually)真正的理由是因为屏幕前长时间的静坐耗尽了作者动用任何能量的欲望(desire)。  20.A.desire  B.attention  C.wisdom  D.courage  答案 A  解析 参考上题解析。  21.A.stopped  B.allowed  C.encouraged  D.frightened  答案 C  解析 由后面的“I started walking up the 80 stairs...”可推测作者应该是受到了一位朋友的鼓励。  22.A.survey  B.journey  C.circle  D.record  答案 B  解析 作者每天都会这么爬几趟,去找点咖啡、巧克力和健怡可乐之类的东西。由此语境可判断选B项。  23.A.praised  B.criticized  C.concerned  D.rewarded  答案 D  解析 根据下文的介绍可推断此处意为:爬楼梯在好几个方面对我大有裨益,即作者有所回报,故选D项。  24.A.quieter  B.easier  C.quicker  D.earlier  答案 C  解析 作者爬一趟楼梯要55秒,而坐电梯需要大约70秒,由此可知爬楼梯通常要快一些,故选C项。  25.A.leaves  B.prevents  C.senses  D.catches  答案 A  解析 其次,爬楼梯能让人体会到一种愉快的得意。由此语境可判断选A项。  26.A.debate with  B.deal with  C.compare with  D.meet with  答案 D  解析 根据“In the lift you are forced into a stressful exchange”可推断此处句意为:第三,这是一种压力较小的面对同事的方式。  27.A.escape  B.keep  C.start  D.risk  答案 B  解析 在电梯里,一旦与同事相遇,你就不得不和他勉强交流几句,而在楼梯上你只需要微笑一下,然后继续前行。  28.A.results  B.benefits  C.drawbacks  D.reasons  答案 C  解析 爬楼梯对你很有好处,却没有多数有益健康的事物具有的缺点。  29.A.produce  B.require  C.wear  D.maintain  答案 B  解析 此处是在写爬楼梯的好处:它没有难吃的味道,也不需要专门着装;它没有任何不便之处,也不花钱,又不无聊;它对技能和勇气都没有要求。  30.A.amazing  B.interesting  C.tiring  D.boring  答案 D  解析 参考上题解析。  31.A.advantages  B.characteristics  C.methods  D.achievements  答案 A  解析 此处指上文所描述的爬楼梯的种种好处,故选A项。  32.A.full  B.worthy  C.proud  D.empty  答案 D  解析 然而,尽管爬楼梯有种种好处,办公楼里的楼梯间却通常空无行人。  33.A.hesitate  B.refuse  C.determine  D.prepare  答案 B  解析 根据“stairs in offices are usually  of walkers”可知人们拒绝爬楼梯。  34.A.called for  B.applied for  C.figured out  D.taken up  答案 A  解析 采取一些更强硬的手段,即这些手段是被要求的,故选A项。  35.A.permitting  B.training  C.forcing  D.forbidding  答案 C  解析 既然是强硬的手段,当然是迫使身强体壮的人们爬楼梯了,故选C项。  Ⅲ.阅读理解  400-year-old plants from the Little Ice Age were brought back to life,which could help us understand how the Earth will deal with climate change.  Moss(藓类植物) found buried beneath the Teardrop glacier on Ellesmere Island in Canada has been brought back to life.Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps.Plants that were buried beneath thick ice in Canada more than 400 years ago and were thought to have frozen to death have been brought back to life by Canadian scientists.  Samples of the moss plant,covered by the glacier during the Little Ice Age of 1550 to 1850 AD,were replanted in a lab at the University of Alberta and grew new stems.Researchers now think these findings can give indication as to how regions can recover as the ice covering them melts.  Biologist Dr.Catherine La Farge and her team at the University of Alberta were exploring the region around the Teardrop glacier on Ellesmere Island.Ice on Ellesmere Island region has been melting at around four meters each year for the past nine years.This means that many areas of land that were previously covered by ice have since been exposed.Many ecosystems that were thought to have been destroyed during the Little Ice Age between 1550 and 1850 AD can now be studied,including many species that have never been studied before.  While examining an exposed area of land,La Farge and her team discovered a small area of moss called Aulacomnium turgidum.It is a type of bryophyte(苔藓类植物) plant that mainly grows across Canada,the US and the Highlands of Scotland.  Dr La Farge noticed that the moss had small patches of green stems,suggesting it is either growing again or can be encouraged to repopulate.Dr La Farge told the BBC,“When we looked at the samples in detail and brought them to the lab,I could see some of the stems actually had new growth of green branches,suggesting that these plants are growing again,and that blew my mind.When we think of thick areas of ice covering the landscape,we’ve always thought that plants have to come from refugia(濒绝生物保护区),never considering that land plants come from underneath a glacier.It’s a whole world of what’s coming out from underneath the glacier that really needs to be studied.The ice is disappearing pretty fast.We really have not examined all the biological systems that exist in the world;we don’t know it all.”  Dr La Farge took samples of the moss and,using carbon-dating techniques,discovered that the plants date back to the Little Ice Age.Dr La Farge’s team took the samples,planted them in dishes full of nutrient-rich potting soil and fed them with water.  The samples were from four separate species including Aulacomnium turgidum,Distichium capillaceum,Encalypta procera and Syntrichia ruralis.The moss plants found by Dr La Farge are types of bryophytes.Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.  However,Dr La Farge was surprised that the plants buried under ice have survived into the twenty-first century.Her findings appear in proceedings(论文集) of the National Academy of Sciences.  36.Dr La Farge’s research is of great importance to  A.knowing what the plants during the Little Ice Age were like  B.understanding how ecosystems recover from glaciers  C.regrowing many species that have been destroyed before  D.figuring out the effects of melting ice caps on moss  答案 B  解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps.”可知,La Farge博士的研究对理解生态系统如何从冰川中恢复过来很重要。故选B。  37.The underlined part “blew my mind” in Paragraph 6 can best be replaced by “  ”.  A.surprised me  B.greatly frightened me  C.put my doubt out of my mind  D.was exactly what I had in my mind  答案 A  解析 词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“I could see some of the stems actually had new growth of green branches,suggesting that these plants are growing again,and that blew my mind.”可知,划线部分意思是“出乎我的意料”,只有A选项符合语意。  38.According to the passage,Aulacomnium turgidum  A.lives better in small groups  B.is very active in hot weather  C.is strong enough to survive coldness  D.is chosen from Canadian refugia  答案 C  解析 细节理解题。根据第五段及第八段中的“Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.”可知,Aulacomnium turgidum是苔藓类植物中一种,因此也可在寒冷中存活。故选C。  39.What’s the main idea of this passage?  A.Bryophyte ecology is greatly affected by climate change.  B.400-year-old moss’s survival is a mystery to solve.  C.Moss in ancient times was discovered in Canada.  D.400-year-old plants were brought back to life.  答案 D  解析 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知冰封400年的植物也可以在适合温度中再次复活。故选D。
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