【图文】2016届高考英语二轮题型专题方略课件：专题4+语法填空和短文改错+第3讲+语法专题+8+名词性从句(通用版)_百度文库
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2016届高考英语二轮题型专题方略课件：专题4+语法填空和短文改错+第3讲+语法专题+8+名词性从句(通用版)
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高一英语语法填空专项练习(一)第二节 语法填空(共 10小题,每小题 1.5分,满分 15分)Do you ever wonder why you yawn? Why do you open your mouth wide and take a deep breath? Well, a scientist at the University of Maryland is searching for the answer.Professor Robert Provine has been studying yawning for the past two years. But he says he still does not know people yawn. In fact, no one seems to know much about it. Professor Provine’s students have helped him find out more about yawning. They agreed to (watch) while sitting alone in small rooms. In the rooms, they watched television programs, or pictures of people yawning. Or they just sat and (think) about yawning. Students also kept records of when they yawned throughout the day.number of things from these experiments. He says yawning seems linked in some way to sleeping. His students yawned most just before sleeping orinterested in what they are doing.Now, Professor Provine is planning future experiments to help him find the purpose of yawning. He said there is some evidence (excite). Yawning is common among runnersmake a speech.Professor Provine says he is most interested in learning why seeing someone yawn makes others yawn as well. He says almost anything connected with yawning can make people yawn. As a matter of fact, I found yawning a lot as I prepared this report. I wonder if hearing it can make you yawn. If it does, excuse me, if you did yawn, write and tell me.答案:31.why 32.be watched 33.thought 34.a 35.after36. bored 37.that 38.excitement 39.waiting 40.myself(二)第二节 语法填空(共 10小题 ; 每小题 1.5分,满分 15分)Traditional Chinese culture places much emphasis (重视) on food. Considered to be an important part of each day, __31 __(eat) is far beyond simply meeting a need. However, people are living in fast-paced society now, so they hardly have time to enjoy their food. They need fast food. That is _32_ China’s fast-food market expands.eign fast-food restaurant __33__(call ) KFC arrived in China first, quickly followed by _34_ such as Pizza Hut and McDonald’ s. __35__ the development of China, foreign fast-food chains are realizing high-speed __36__ (grow) in China. However, these “ junk foods” have long been criticized by health experts because __37__ can ’ t provide balanced nutrition(营养 ). The experts also show that some foreign fast food contains a food colouring, Sudan I , __38___can cause cancer.
ct, China has many of its own traditional fast-food dishes. Among them, dumplings, soybean milk and noodles are __39__ most popular. Compared with foreign fast food, those traditional ones are healthier. __40__ many Chinese still enjoy the special taste and the good environment in the foreign fast-food chains even though there exist some potential(潜在的) risks.第二节 语法填空 (共 10小题;每小题 1.5分,满分 15分 )阅读下面短文, 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求, 在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 36― 45的相应位置上。 Although English is not as old as Chinese, is spoken by many people around the world every day. English speakers are always making new words and we should be able to know where most words come from.Sometimes, 37 , no one may really know where a word comes from. Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, 38 (especial ) when they are not made of ham? About a hundred years ago, some men went to America 39 Europe. They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg.They did not speak good English, but they ate good food. Some Americans saw them eating round pieces of beef. Never had they seen such 40 strange way. They couldn’ t help 41 (ask ) the Germans what it was. The Germans did not understand the question and answered, “ We came from Hamburg. ” One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and had an idea. He made up 42 mind to do something new. He cooked some round pieces of the beef like 43 the men from Hamburg ate and 44 (sell ) it quite a few countries around the world.Whether this story is true or not, it certainly is 45 (interest ) .答案:36. it 37. however 38. especially 39. from 40. a 41. asking 42. his 43. what 44. sold 45. Interesting以下内容为系统自动转化的文字版，可能排版等有问题，仅供您参考：高一英语语法填空专项练习 （一） 第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） Do you ever wonder why you yawn? Why do you open your mouth wide and take a deep breath? Well, a scientist at the University of Maryland is searching for the answer. Professor Robert Provine has been studying yawning for the past two years. But he says he still does not know 31 people yawn. In fact, no one seems to know much about it. Professor Provine’s students have helped him find out more about yawning. They agreed to 32 (watch) while sitting alone in small rooms. In the rooms, they watched television programs, or pictures of people yawning. Or they just sat and 33 (think) about yawning. Students also kept records of when they yawned throughout the day. The professor says he has learned 34 number of things from these experiments. He says yawning seems linked in some way to sleeping. His students yawned most just before sleeping or 35 waking from sleep. He also found that people yawn much when they are __36 (bore ) or not interested in what they are doing. Now, Professor Provine is planning future experiments to help him find the purpose of yawning. He said there is some evidence 37 yawning is linked to 38 (excite). Yawning is common among runners 39 (wait) to begin a race. It is also common among people waiting to make a speech. Professor Provine says he is most interested in learning why seeing someone yawn makes others yawn as well. He says almost anything connected with yawning can make people yawn. As a matter of fact, I found 40 yawning a lot as I prepared this report. I wonder if hearing it can make you yawn. If it does, excuse me, if you did yawn, write and tell me. 答案： 31.why 32.be watched 33.thought 34.a 35.after 36. bored 37.that 38.excitement 39.waiting 40.myself （二） 第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） Traditional Chinese culture places much emphasis（重视）on food. Considered to be an important part of each day, __31 __(eat) is far beyond simply meeting a need. However, people are living in fast-paced society now, so they hardly have time to enjoy their food. They need fast food. That is _32_ China’s fast-food market expands. A foreign fast-food restaurant __33__（call）KFC arrived in China first, quickly followed by _34_ such as Pizza Hut and McDonald’s. __35__ the development of China, foreign fast-food chains are realizing high-speed __36__ (grow) in China. However, these “junk foods” have long been criticized by health experts because __37__ can’t provide balanced nutrition(营养). The experts also show that some foreign fast food contains a food colouring, Sudan I , __38___can cause cancer. In fact, China has many of its own traditional fast-food dishes. Among them, dumplings, soybean milk and noodles are __39__ most popular. Compared with foreign fast food, those traditional ones are healthier. __40__ many Chinese still enjoy the special taste and the good environment in the foreign fast-food chains even though there exist some potential （潜在的） risks. 第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求， 在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 36―45 的相应位置上。 Although English is not as old as Chinese, 36 is spoken by many people around the world every day. English speakers are always making new words and we should be able to know where most words come from. Sometimes, 37 , no one may really know where a word comes from. Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, 38 （especial）when they are not made of ham? About a hundred years ago, some men went to America 39 Europe. They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg. They did not speak good English, but they ate good food. Some Americans saw them eating round pieces of beef. Never had they seen such 40 strange way. They couldn’t help 41 （ask）the Germans what it was. The Germans did not understand the question and answered, “We came from Hamburg. ” One of these Americans owned a restaurant, and had an idea. He made up 42 mind to do something new. He cooked some round pieces of the beef like 43 the men from Hamburg ate and 44 （sell）it quite a few countries around the world. Whether this story is true or not, it certainly is 45 （interest）. 答案： 36. it 37. however 38. especially 39. from 40. a 41. asking 42. his 43. what 44. sold 45. Interesting
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&&&&2016 届新课标高考英语二轮复习学案专题四 语法填空考 点 题 量 试 卷 高考(新课标)全国卷语法填空出题形式及各类考点统计表 词类转换 词形变换 动词 词法与句法 谓语 非谓语 名 指 形 情 词 示 、 动 动 态 代 单 名 副 代 时态与 动 词 动 状 定 形 形 动 名 复 词 并 词 &&&&词 词 词 语态(含 词 i 词 冠 介 语 语 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 数 与 列 性 过 比 转 虚拟语 不 n 与 词 词 从 从 副 名 形 形 与 不 句 从 去 较 换 气与主 定 g 助 句 句 所 定 句 分 形 等 动 谓一致) 式 有 式 词 词 代 级 格 词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 有提示词 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 无提示词 1 1 1特 殊 句 式ⅰ ⅱ ⅰ 2014 ⅱ 样卷 出题形式 2015连 接 性 副 词 与 时 间 副 词 1语 境 填 词11近两年语法填空考点布局充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。注意： 1．词类转换以实词中名词、动词、形容词、副词四类为主，而对于名词的考查近两年均涉及 名词单复数的考查，而未涉及到名词的所有格，在 2016 年备考中应引起注意；对于代词的词 形变换考查涉及了人称代词与物主代词的转换，反身代词近两年还未涉及，也应引起注意。 2．对于无提示词类的情态动词和助动词的考查，仅 2014 年新课标全国样卷中考查了 must 表推测，2014 年新课标全国ⅱ考查了助动词 did。指示代词与不定代词近两年均未涉及。 3．特殊句式在近两年虽然未考查，但备考时应注意：倒装结构中助动词、小句替代中 so， neither，nor 以及 only 等的考查；省略结构中不定式符号 to 以及结合状语从句的省略中非谓 语动词或连词的考查；强调句式中 it 或 that 的考查；感叹句中 how，what 或不定冠词 a/an 的考查等。 4．连接性副词与语境填词虽然在 2014 年新课标全国样卷中均有涉及，但可能考虑到这两类 词均为完形填空考点，故在
两年正式考试中均未涉及，但在 2015 年全国ⅰ中考 查了无提示词形式的时间副词 before/earlier， 故像 earlier， ago， later 等时间副词与 never， hardly 等频度副词是否会有考查还需注意。5．从出题形式上看，近两年 10 个设空中都是 7 个有提示词、3 个无提示词，预计 2016 年还 应该以这种比例来突出提示词考查为主的出题形式。(一) (2015· 全国ⅰ) yangshuo，china it was raining lightly when i 61.(arrive) in yangshuo just before dawn.but i didn’t care.a few hours 62.， i’d been at home in hong kong， with 63.(it) choking smog.here， the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain. i’d skipped nearby guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the li river 64. are pictured by artists in so many chinese 65.(painting)．instead， i’d headed straight for yangshuo.for those who fly to guilin，it’s only an hour away 66. car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city. yangshuo 67.(be) really beautiful.a study of travelers 68.(conduct) by the website tripadvisor names yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.and the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in asia.abercrombie & kent，a travel company in hong kong，says it 69.(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.(live) in shanghai and hong kong. (二) (2015· 全国ⅱ) the adobe dwellings(土坯房) 41.(build) by the pueblo indians of the american southwest are admired by even 42. most modern of architects and engineers.in addition to their simple beauty， what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43.(able) to “air condition” a house without 44.(use) electric equipment.walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 45.(slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.when a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 46.(cool) the house during the hot day；47. the same time，they warm up again for the night.this cycle 48.(go) day after day：the walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.as 49.(nature) architects，the pueblo indians figured out exactly 50. thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. (三) (2014· 新课标全国ⅰ) are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix in 1969，the pollution was terrible along the cuyahoga river near cleveland，ohio.it 61.(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.the river was so polluted that it 62.(actual) caught fire and burned.now ， years later ， this river is one of 63. most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. but the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64. even a few months.it took years of work 65.(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.finally， that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66.(clean) than ever. maybe you are facing an impossible situation.maybe you have a habit 67. is driving your family crazy.possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use.when you face such an impossible situation ， don’t you want a quick fix and something to changeimmediately while there are 68.(amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 69.(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.just be 70.(patience)． (四) (2014· 新课标全国ⅱ) one morning， i was waiting at the bus stop， worried about 41.(be) late for school.there were many people waiting at the bus stop,42. some of them looked very anxious and 43.(disappoint)． when the bus finally came， we all hurried on board.i got a place next 44. the window， so i had a good view of the sidewalk.a boy on a bike 45.(catch) my attention.he was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.i heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused 46.(stop) until we reached the next stop.still， the boy kept 47.(ride)． he was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.finally，when we came to the next stop，the boy ran up to the door of the bus.i heard an excited conversation.then the driver stood up and asked，“48. anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop” a woman on the bus shouted，“oh dear！it’s 49.(i)．” she pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers 50.(sudden) became friendly to one another. (五) (2014· 新课标全国样卷) mum：(putting on her coat) i’m going to have to go down to the shop for more bread. alan：why mum： i’m not sure what 1.(happen)． i made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2. i went to answer the phone.but someone must have taken them because they’re 3.(go)． alan：oh，it must have been dad.i’m sure he was in the kitchen 4.(early)． mum：no，he went off to his tennis match before i finished 5.(make) them，so he couldn’t have done it.6.，he couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff，so i’m sure 7. wasn’t him. alan：(opening the fridge door) well，it wasn’t me.but mum，look！are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8. fridge mum：are they thereoh，my goodness，i 9. have put them in there when the phone rang.oh， dear.i really must be losing my 10..now，why did i put on my coat一、提示词填空(一)——词类转换考点 1 形容词→副词[典例 1] abercrombie & kent， a travel company in hong kong， says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in shanghai and hong kong.(2015· 全国ⅰ) 分析 设空处修饰谓语动词 arrange，需要一个副词，故填 regularly。 [典例 2] 17 (lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(2015· 广东) 分析 用副词修饰整个句子。故填 luckily。 方法归纳 修饰动词短语、形容词、副词或整个句子，或作状语时，用副词形式。考点 2 形容词/动词→名词[典例 1] in addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43 (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(2015· 全国ⅱ) 分析 形容词性物主代词 their 之后应当用名词，故将 able 转化为其名词形式 ability。 [典例 2] several children are away from school because of (ill)． 分析 介词短语 because of 后接宾语，要用名词，故填 illness。 [典例 3] he had witnessed too many (die) and wounds at the battle of solferino in italy four years earlier，in which 40,000 people were killed，wounded or missing. 分析 这里指的是死亡，是可数名词，在句中作及物动词 witness 的宾语，空前的 too many 也暗示应用 death 的复数形式 deaths。 方法归纳 作主语，或在及物动词、介词短语后作宾语时，前面可能有限 定词冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词修饰，通常用名词形式；注意单复 数形式。考点 3 动词/名词→形容词[典例 1] as 49 (nature) architects， the pueblo indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015· 全国ⅱ) 分析 修饰名词 architects，故要用形容词形式 natural。 [典例 2] while there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation，...(2014· 新课 标全国ⅰ) 分析 此处用形容词修饰名词 stories。amaze 的形容词有两个，一个是 amazing，另一个是 amazed。修饰物(stories)当然用 amazing。 [典例 3] there were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and 43 (disappoint)．(2014· 新课标全国ⅱ) 分析 本句的主语是 some of them， 此处 and 连接两个并列成分， 再结合前面的形容词 anxious 可知，此处也应该填一个形容词。故此处用 disappointed 表示他们中有些人感到失望。 方法归纳 作表语系动词之后、定语修饰名词或宾语补足语表性质状态时，通常用形容词形式。注意常考动词分词的形容词性化，其形 容词的形式有：ing 结尾的和ed 结尾的两种。用所给词的适当形式填空 1 ． they gave money to the old people’s home either (personal) or through their companies.(2015· 安徽，31) 2．it was (consider) of michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015· 福建，23) 3． most of us， if we know even a little about where our food comes from， understand that every bite put into our mouths was (former) alive.(2015· 浙江，13) 4． there is no need to tell me your answer now.give it some (think) and then let me know.(2015· 安 徽，30) 5 ． the police officers decided to conduct a thorough and (comprehension) review of the case.(2015· 江苏，31) 6 ． the climate here is quite (please) ， the temperature rarely ， if ever ， reaching 30℃ in summer.(2014· 福建，28) 7．what was so (impress) about jasmine westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.(2014· 湖北，27) 8．life is (predict)；even the poorest might become the richest.(2014· 江西，30) 9．for some reason he sat beside mary.mary felt (please)，because there were many empty seats in the room.but she quickly realized that it wasn’t her， it was probably the fact that she sat in the last row.(2012· 广东) 10．—why do you choose to work in an international travel agency —well，you know，english is my (strong)．so it is my best choice.(2012· 福建，25)二、提示词填空(二)——词形变换考点 1 名词的单复数与所有格[典例 1] i’d skipped nearby guilin， a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the li river that are pictured by artists in so many chinese 65 (painting)．(2015· 全国ⅰ) 分析 由于该名词由 so many 修饰，故填其复数形式 paintings。 [典例 2] while there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.just be patient.(2014· 新课标全国ⅰ) 分析 前面是定冠词 the，因此后面要用名词，再由谓语动词 are 可知此空要用其名词的复数 形式，故填 changes。 [典例 3] it’s about an (hour) drive from here. 分析 句意为：离这里大约有一个小时的车程。“一个小时的”用所有格，故填 hour’s。 方法归纳 若所给提示词为名词而空格处也应填名词，注意要弄清名词 的数与格，即名词是否需要复数形式，或是否需要所有格。考点 2 形容词与副词的比较等级[典例 1] finally， that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is than ever.(2014· 新课标全国ⅰ) 分析 从后面的 than 可知此处要用比较级，因此要用 cleaner。 66 (clean)[典例 2] after our plane landed，we went to the hotel.we had made our reservation six months 17 (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.(2014· 广东) 分析 由前面提到的 we had planned for months(我们已经计划了数月)可知，早在六个月之前 我们就已经预订了，故用比较级 earlier。 [典例 3] the 68 (hard) you try to beat him， the more likely you will get hit.(2014· 辽 宁) 分析 考查固定句式。这里是“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句式，表示“越就 越”。故填 harder。 方法归纳 若括号中所给的是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较等级或最高级； 注意 than 或比较级的修饰词等标志性词或上下文中暗含的比较；其次还要注意一 些特殊句式，如：the＋比较级，the＋比较级；“否定词can’t/couldn’t＋比较 级”表示最高级等。考点 3 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词的变换[典例 1] a few hours before， i’d been at home in hong kong， with 63 (it) choking smog.(2015· 全国ⅰ) 分析 空格后面的 smog 为名词，故要使用形容词性物主代词 its 来修饰限定。 [典例 2] the children amused (they) by playing hideandseek games. 分析 缺宾语，应填代词；这些孩子拿谁取乐，应是“自娱自乐(amuse oneself)”，与主语the children 一致， 故填 themselves。 类似的短语还有 enjoy oneself(玩得开心)， teach oneself(自 学)，adapt oneself(适应)，dress oneself(自己穿衣)，devote oneself to(致力于)，by oneself(单独 地)等。 方法归纳 若提示词是物主代词表示某人的，作主语、宾语或表语用名词性物主 代词；在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词。反身代词反指谁，它通常作主语 和宾语的同位语，这时应与主语或宾语一致；也可作某些动词或介词的宾语，这时 需与主语一致。用所给词的适当形式填空 1．some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015· 江 苏，32) 2． we tend to have a (good) memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.(2015· 浙江，11) 3．andy is content with the toy.it is (good) he has ever got.(2015· 四川，7) 4 ． he gave (him) a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry out the secret task.(2015· 湖北，22) 5．i can’t tell you the way to the (wilson) because we don’t have a wilson here in the village.(2014· 重庆，6) 6．this is by far (inspiring) movie that i have ever seen.(2013· 辽宁，33) 7．tony can hardly boil an egg，still (little) cook dinner.(2013· 新课标全国ⅰ，25) 8．next to biology，i like physics (well)．(2012· 大纲全国ⅱ，13) 9．she came across an old friend of (she) yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.(2011· 天津，8) 10．on my desk is a photo that my father took of (i) when i was a baby.(2010· 四川，7)三、提示词填空(三)——谓语与非谓语动词 动词的时态与语态考点 1 考纲规定考查的十种时态[典例 1] it was raining lightly when i 61 (arrive) in yangshuo just before dawn.but i didn’t care.(2015· 全国ⅰ) 分析 主句谓语动词使用了过去进行时 was raining，后一句中用了一般过去时 didn’t care， 根据语境此处要用一般过去时态。故填 arrived。 [典例 2] this cycle 48 (go) day after day：the walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset( 抵 消 ) for the outside temperatures.(2015· 全国ⅱ) 分析 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原理。此处指前面提到的循环不断地 持续下去， 这种情况是客观事实， 故用一般现在时态。 又因为主语 this cycle 为单数第三人称， 故填 goes。 [典例 3] in 1969，the pollution was terrible along the cuyahoga river near cleveland，ohio.it 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(2014· 新课标全国ⅰ) 分析 事情发生在 1969 年，是一个过去的时间，故此处要用一般过去时，又因为主语为 it， 故填 was。 方法归纳 句中若缺少谓语，注意要考虑所给动词的时态与语态。判断时态首先要 确定时间，然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空 格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。考试说明中规定考的有 十种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进 行时、现在完成进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时。近两年考查一般 过去时和一般现在时居多。考点 2 考纲规定考查的八种时态的被动语态[典例 1] he sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 19 (leave)．(2015· 广东) 分析 由语境可知，整体为过去时态，且 what 与 leave 之间是被动关系，故此处用一般过去 时的被动语态。故填 was left。 [典例 2] be patient！tai chi 66 (call) “shadow boxing” in english.it asks you to act like water：...(2014· 辽宁) 分析 整篇对话的时态是一般现在时。tai chi 与 call 之间是被动关系，所以要用一般现在时 的被动语态。故填 is called。 方法归纳 句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方 式，确定相应时态的被动语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。考试说明中规定 考的各种时态的被动语态有八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进 行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时。考点 3 时态与语态中的几个特殊用法[典例 1] unless some extra money (find)，the theatre will close.(2014· 大纲全国，22) 分析 考查一般现在时表将来。由语境可知，此处是 unless 引导的条件状语从句，主句用一 般将来时态，从句要用一般现在时态表将来；句中主语 some extra money 与 find 之间为动宾 关系，要用被动语态。故填 is found。 [典例 2] james has just arrived，but i didn’t know he (come) until yesterday.(2014· 重庆，8) 分析 考查过去进行时表过去将来。was coming 为过去进行时态，表示过去将来。know 后 面为宾语从句，从句动词相对于 know 而言指将要发生的动作，而 come，go，leave，start， arrive 等瞬间性动词可用进行时态表示将来的动作。根据 didn’t 可知此处应该用过去进行时 表示过去将来的动作。 [典例 3] food supplies in the floodstricken area (run) out.we must act immediately before there’s none left.(2012· 重庆，27) 分析 考查现在进行时表一般将来与主动表被动。 由句中 before there’s none left 可知食物还 没有用完，故用现在进行时表示“(食品供应)快用完了”；此外 run out 为不及物动词，不可 用于被动语态。故填 are running。 [典例 4] yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful.(2015· 全国ⅰ) 分析 考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段介绍阳朔的自然条件，属客观事实，要用一般现在时； 由于主语是单数第三人称形式，故填 is。 方法归纳 在确定谓语动词的时态与语态时，我们可从四个方面来进行判断： (1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。 (2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。 (3)看是否是特殊的句型。如： ①was/were about to do...when...did... ②it is/has been＋时间段＋since...did... ③it/this/that is the first time that...have/has done...或 it/this/that was the first time that...had done... ④it’s (high time) that...did/should do ⑤hardly had＋主语＋done...when...did...或 no sooner had＋主语＋done...than...did... 这样的句型还有很多，平时要注意积累。 (4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动，还需看所给是否为及物动词，是否考查 主动表被动等。 (5)注意主谓是否一致。考点 4 虚拟语气中的时态与语态[典例 1] he walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school.and the word quickly got around that he was from new york city.(2012· 广东) 分析 这是由 as if 引导的虚拟语气， 因为是与过去事实相反， 故用过去完成时， 填 had bought。 [典例 2] ellen is a fantastic dancer.i wish i (dance) as well as her.(2015· 陕西，23) 分析 wish 后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事 实相反的假设，谓语动词应用过去式(be 用 were)。故填 danced。 [典例 3] it is lucky we booked a room，or we (have) nowhere to stay now.(2015· 安徽，32) 分析 本题考查了虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用，条件句部分在 or 中体现，相当于 if we hadn’t booked a room，we would have nowhere to stay now，根据“now”可知，是对现在进 行虚拟。故填 would have。 方法归纳 一旦判定所给动词在句中作谓语后，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。 除了 if 虚拟条件句，还应注意虚拟语气的标志词，如：suggest，would rather，as if，wish， otherwise，or，but for 等。用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．just as i got to the school gate，i realized i (leave) my book in the cafe.(2015· 安徽，24) 2．it is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come.(2015· 安徽，29) 3．—is peter coming —no，he (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.(2015· 重庆，1) 4．jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she (teach) a class at that time.(2015· 天津，6) 5．despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides.(2015· 天津， 9) 6．marty (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by friday.(2015· 陕 西，22) 7．the real reason why prices (be)，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015· 江苏，30) 8．as you go through this book，you (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through world war ⅱ had a different experience.(2015· 湖南，22) 9． he must have sensed that i (look) at him.he suddenly glanced at me and said quietly， “why are you staring at me like that”(2015· 湖南，28) 10． to my delight， i (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(2015· 福 建，26) 11．in the last few years，china (make) great achievements in environmental protection.(2015· 北 京，26) 12 ． i wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when i (ask) ，“what do you wish me to do now”(2015· 湖南，25)非谓语动词考点 1 动词不定式[典例 1] when a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 46 (cool) the house during the hot day；at the same time，they warm up again for the night.(2015· 全国ⅱ) 分析 “be＋形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为常用句式， 意为“足够， 能够做某事”。 故填 to cool。 [典例 2] since the plants took a while to grow， he started cutting down trees 23 (sell) the wood.(2015· 广东) 分析 砍树的目的是卖钱，故这里用动词不定式形式在句中作目的状语。故填 to sell。 [典例 3] it took years of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2014· 新课标全国ⅰ) 分析 句中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为“it takes＋时间＋to do sth.”。故填 to reduce。 [典例 4] she wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.(2009· 广东) 分析 该句空格前是形容词，所以用动词不定式作状语。故填 to please。 方法归纳 首先分析句子结构， 若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时， 需考 虑非谓语动词。 然后分析非谓语动词在句中作何成分， 再根据各非谓语动词的特 点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的时态和语态，熟记常考 跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。考点 2 动词的ing 形式[典例 1] abercrombie & kent，a travel company in hong kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in shanghai and hong kong.(2015· 全国ⅰ) 分析 句中已有谓语动词 arranges， 故应考虑非谓语动词。由于 live 与其所修饰的名词 people 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式作后置定语。故填 living。 [典例 2] in addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 44 (use) electric equipment.(2015· 全国 ⅱ) 分析 句中已有谓语，介词 without 之后的动词要用动名词形式。故填 using。 [典例 3] i heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused to stop until we reached the next stop.still，the boy kept 47 (ride)．(2014· 新课标全国ⅱ) 分析 根据空格前面的 kept 可知，此处是 keep doing sth.结构，意为“继续做某事”。故后 面应使用 v.ing 形式，因此需将 ride 变成 riding。 方法归纳 现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果或伴随，且与句子主语构 成逻辑上的主动关系；现在分词作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行 中；动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；此外，应熟记能用动 名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。考点 3 动词的过去分词[典例 1] a study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website tripadvisor names yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015· 全国ⅰ) 分析 句中出现双动词 conduct 与 names 且无连词，通过 name 的第三人称单数形式可判定names 为句子的谓语，故判定设空处应填非谓语动词形式作 a study 的定语。conduct 与 study 之间为动宾关系，故用表示被动的过去分词形式。此外，by 是解题的关键词，conducted by... 意为“由所做的”。 故填 conducted。 [典例 2] the adobe dwellings(土坯房) 41 (build) by the pueblo indians of the american southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015· 全国 ⅱ) 分析 build 与句子谓语 are admired 之间无连词，故应填非谓语动词。 主语 adobe dwellings 与动词 build 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。又由 by 一词的暗示 也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。故填 built。 方法归纳 过去分词可作状语、定语或补语，表示被动与完成； 若作表语常考 的为形容词性化的过去分词；过去分词不可作主语或宾语。用所给动词的适当形式填空考点一非谓语动词作状语1．(raise) in the poorest area of glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.(2015· 重庆，6) 2．like ancient sailors，birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars.(2015· 重庆，11) 3．(work) for two days，steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015· 天津，8) 4．when the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，(wonder) whether to stay or leave.(2015· 湖南，30) 5．(learn) more about chinese culture，jack has decided to take chinese folk music as an elective course.(2015· 福建，28) 6．anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only (find) it didn’t fit.(2014· 天津，5)考点二非谓语动词作定语1．the park was full of people，(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.(2015· 北京，23) 2．amie salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse (appoint) to guard her.(2014· 浙江，14) 3．there’s a note pinned to the door (say) when the shop will open again.(2014· 山东，6) 4．today there are more airplanes (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.(2014· 大纲全 国，23) 5．there are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.(2014· 北 京，28) 6．volunteering gives you a chance (change) lives，including your own.(2013· 北京，21)考点三非谓语动词作主语、宾语或表语1．(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015· 安徽，27) 2．after receiving the oscar for best supporting actress，anne benedict went on (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.(2015· 陕西，17) 3．it’s standard practice for a company like this one (employ) a security officer.(2014· 山东，9)4．the film star wears sunglasses.therefore，he can go shopping without (recognize)．(2014· 北京，35) 5．for those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying (connect)．(2014· 福建，30) 6．the engine just won’t start.something se(go) wrong with it.(2013· 重庆，34)考点四非谓语动词作宾补或主补1． listening to music at home is one thing； going to hear it (perform) live is quite another.(2015· 浙 江，18) 2．little tom sat (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.(2015· 四川，9) 3． back from his twoyear medical service in africa， dr.lee was very happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home.(2015· 陕西，18) 4．he is thought (act) foolishly.now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(2014· 江 西，34) 5． when we saw the road (block) with snow， we decided to spend the holiday at home.(2013· 北京， 29) 6．let those in need (understand) that we will go all out to help them.(2013· 陕西，13) 考点五 省略句中的非谓语动词及独立主格 1 ． much time (spend) sitting at a desk ， office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015· 江苏，24) 2．children，when (accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014· 湖南， 21) 3．the lecture (give)，a lively questionandanswer session followed.(2014· 江苏，29) 4．the party will be held in the garden，weather (permit)．(2012· 新课标全国，28) 5．bats are surprisingly longlived creatures，some (have) a life span of around 20 years.(2011· 浙 江，3)四、纯空格填空 代词、冠词与介词考点 1 代词[典例 1] now it occurred to 25 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.(2015· 广东) 分析 it occurred to sb.that...某人突然想到，这是一个固定句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是 johnson 先生，即从句中 his，故填 him。 [典例 2] last year，my brother and i went to miami for a vacation.some of my friends who had been there before said 16 was a wonderful holiday destination.(2014· 广东) 分析 从空后的 a wonderful holiday destination 可知，这个地方就是 miami，用 it 指代前面提 到的地点。故填 it。 [典例 3] raise your leg and let 65 stay in the air for seconds.(2014· 辽宁) 分析 根据句意可知此处应该填入指代 leg 的代词。故填 it。方法归纳 当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词。要根据语境，看该空格是指人 还是指物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。为了避免重复，it，ones，that， those 都可以用来替代上文出现的名词，要注意它们的不同用法。it 可以用来 代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。还要注意不定代词 one， both，neither，nor，all，none，either，another 等的用法。考点 2 冠词[典例 1] the adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the pueblo indians of the american southwest are admired by even 42 most modern of architects and engineers.(2015· 全国ⅱ) 分析 空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词 the。 [ 典例 2] mr.johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.he owned 16 farm，which looked almost abandoned.(2015· 广东) 分析 名词 farm 前缺少限定词，根据语境可知，johnson 先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一 个农场。故填不定冠词 a，泛指“一个”，修饰可数名词单数 farm。 方法归纳 在名词或“形容词＋名词”前缺少限定词时，要考虑冠词。不定冠词 a/an 表示泛指，可译作“一个/本/座/”等；定冠词 the 表示特指，相当于“这，这些， 那，那些”。另外，特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物，用 the；在 序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的事物名词之前，用 the。考点 3 介词[典例 1] for those who fly to guilin，it’s only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.(2015· 全国ⅰ) 分析 根据句意可知，这只是驱车一小时的路程。“by＋交通工具名词”为一固定短语。故 填 by。 [典例 2] ... 47 the same time，they warm up again for the night.(2015· 全国ⅱ) 分析 at the same time 意为“同时”，是一个常用介词短语。故填 at。 [典例 3] he sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 18 other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.(2015· 广东) 分析 根据句意可知此处表示的是他用牛奶换取其他的食物。这里是用短语 exchange...for...， 意为“用交换”。故填介词 for。 方法归纳 如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词 或代词前一定是填介词。其次，还要注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。 在空白处填入适当的词(每空 1 词)考点一代词1．the quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.(2015· 天津， 2) 2． to warm himself， the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .(2015· 陕西， 13) 3．the research group produced two reports based on the survey，but contained any useful suggestions.(2015· 福建，21) 4．niki is always full of ideas，but is useful to my knowledge.(2015· 四川，10) 5．the meeting will be held in september，but knows the date for sure.(2015· 重庆，2)6．how would you like if you were watching your favorite tv program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you(2015· 浙江，12) 7．—could i use this dictionary —just go ahead.it’s a spare .(2014· 江西，21) 8．—when shall i call，in the morning or afternoon —.i’ll be in all day.(2014· 江西，32) 9．recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is .(2013· 重庆，31) 10．it’s an eitheror situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do .(2013· 新课标全国ⅱ，14)考点二冠词1．i just heard bank where dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.(2015· 重庆，3) 2．jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years，but one thing or another always got in way.(2015· 浙江，2) 3．brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely t beethoven.(2015· 四川，5) 4． more learned a man is， more modest he usually becomes.(2015· 陕西，14) 5．life is like ocean：only strongwilled can reach the other shore.(2014· 天津，8) 6 ． i can’t tell you way to the wilsons’ because we don’t have wilson here in the village.(2014· 重庆，6) 7． village where i was born has grown into town.(2014· 陕西，19) 8．marco polo is said to have sailed on pacific ocean on his way to java in thirteenth century.(2013· 陕西，19) 9． people develop preference for particular style of learning at early age and these preferences affect learning.(2013· 浙江，15) 10． the parents were shocked by news that their son needed operation on his knee.(2013· 重庆， 32)考点三介词1．these comments came in response specific questions often asked by local newsmen.(2015· 浙 江，17) 2． many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but thomas edison.(2015· 江苏， 34) 3． this meeting room is a nonsmoking area.i would like to warn you advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015· 湖北，30) 4．they believe that there are transport developments the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.(2015· 安徽，33) 5． last year was the warmest year on record， with global temperature 0.68℃ the average.(2015· 重 庆，10) 6．have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea(2015· 浙江， 3) 7． most people work because it’s unavoidable. contrast， there are some people who actually enjoy work.(2015· 浙江，10) 8．i got a place next the window，so i had a good view of the sidewalk.(2014· 新课标全国ⅱ) 9．don’t laugh me.i may look funny.(2014· 辽宁)10．four chinese models were the 14 people awarded prizes on friday at the world supermodel competition.(2009· 上海，25)名词性从句考点 1 主语从句典例 we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015· 北京，35) 分析 分析句子结构可知“ we understand things”为主语从句，且从句中主谓宾成分齐全， 结合句意可知，主语从句中缺少方式状语。故填 how。考点 2 宾语从句典例 as natural architects，the pueblo indians figured out exactly 50 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015· 全国ⅱ) 分析 分析句子结构可知， 这是一个宾语从句。 根据形容词 thick 及句子结构可知这里的意思 是“印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度”。故填 how。考点 3 表语从句典例 a ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not ships are built for.(2015· 安徽，25) 分析 isn’t 后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的 for 后缺少宾语，用 what 引导，what 与 for 连 用，表示目的。what 在句中既作连接词又作从句的中 for 的宾语。故填 what。考点 4 同位语从句典例 —is it true that mike refused an offer from yale university yesterday —yeah，but i have no idea he did it；that’s one of his favorite universities.(2014· 重庆，12) 分析 空后从句作 idea 的同位语，表示该想法的具体内容。由句意可知，“我”不知道他为 什么拒绝耶鲁大学的录取，表示原因，故填 why。 方法归纳 若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那 么空格处一定填连接词。若其中一个分句作另一个句子的成分，注意根据成分关 系确定相应的复合从句，再根据从句中缺何成分确定连接或关系词。在空白处填入适当的词(每空 1 词) 1．we must find out karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015· 重庆，8) 2．if you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate is below the water surface.often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015· 浙江，6) 3．the exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015· 四川，8) 4 ． reading her biography ， i was lost in admiration for doris lessing had achieved in literature.(2015· 陕西，19) 5．you have to know you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(2015· 湖南， 26) 6．—i wonder mary has kept her figure after all these years.—by working out every day.(2015· 福建，29) 7． li bai，a great chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.(2015· 江苏，25) 8．perhaps， my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind.(2014· 上海) 9． the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.(2014· 陕西，15) 10．the best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.(2014· 北京，30) 11．as john lennon once said ， life is happens to you while you are busy making other plans.(2014· 湖南，24) 12．—what a mess！you are always so lazy! —i’m not to blame，mum.i am you have made me.(2014· 江苏，26) 13．grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“that’s i was born.”(2014· 四川，2) 14．the only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.(2013· 浙江，16) 15．evidence has been found through years of study children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.(2012· 重庆，34) 定语从句考点 1 关系代词引导的定语从句典例 i’d skipped nearby guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the li river 64 are pictured by artists in so many chinese paintings.(2015· 全国ⅰ) 分析 由句子结构不难判断这是一个定语从句。先行词为指物的 mountain tops and dark waters，关系词在从句中作主语。故填 that/which。考点 2 关系副词引导的定语从句典例 when harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market 24 people from the towns met regularly.(2015· 广东) 分析 根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行 词 the market。故填 where。考点 3 “介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句[ 典 例 1] some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.(2015· 安徽，28) 分析 depend on/upon 依靠，依赖。本题中介词 upon 被提到了定语从句引导词之前，引导词 作 upon 的宾语。 介词被提前后一般只能用 which 或 whom 来引导定语从句， 此处先行词为物， 故填 which。 [典例 2] behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk，but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.(2011· 广东) 分析 此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系代词，因为先行词为 other people，指的是人，而且与 介词 to 连用，所以填 whom。 [典例 3] he wrote many children’ s books，nearly half of were published in the 1990s.(2015· 重 庆，14)分析 根据句子结构可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。关系词代指前面的先 行词 children’s books，指物，故应填 which。考点 4 特殊的定语从句[典例 1] we’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.(2014· 重庆， 9) 分析 考查分隔式定语从句，先行词 the sales targets 与定语从句被 in a month 隔开，先行词 指物，在定语从句中充当动词 set 的宾语，故填 which/that。 [典例 2] after the flooding，people were suffering in that area， urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter to survive.(2012· 江苏，22) 分析 考查分隔式定语从句。根据定语从句中的 urgently needed clean water...可知，“需要” 的主语应该是 people，而不是 that area 或 flooding，即先行词为人，在非限制性定语从句中充 当主语，所以用关系代词 who 引导。 错误!在空白处填入适当的词(每空 1 词) 1． it is a truly delightful place， looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015· 湖南，29) 2．creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015· 浙江，19) 3．the number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015· 江苏， 21) 4．the books on the desk， covers are shiny，are prizes for us.(2015· 四川，3) 5．opposite is st.paul’s church， you can hear some lovely music.(2015· 北京，24) 6．the boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.(2015· 天津，15) 7．as the smallest child of his family，alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.(2015· 陕西，15) 8．i borrowed the book sherlockholmes from the library last wee my classmates recommended to me.(2014· 北京，26) 9．please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.(2014· 陕西， 13) 10．the exact year angela and her family spent together in china was · 安徽，22) 11．a company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014· 山 东，10) 12．the children，all of had played the whole day long，were worn out.(2013· 浙江，5) 13．nick’s guests， had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.(2013· 广东) 14．john invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of are family members.(2013· 重庆，24) 15． english is a language shared by several diverse cultures， each of uses it somewhat differently. (2011· 浙江，8)并列句与状语从句考点 1 并列连词[典例 1] one day，the cow was eating grass 20 it began to rain heavily.(2015· 广 东) 分析 这句话使用的句型是 be doing sth.when...，正在做某事这时。when 是并列连词， 意为“正在这时”。故填 when。 [ 典 例 2] but the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months.(2014· 新课标全国ⅰ) 分析 a few days 和 a few months 为并列关系，且此句是否定句，因此要用 or 连接。故填 or。 [典例 3] there were many people waiting at the bus stop， 42 some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.(2014· 新课标全国ⅱ) 分析 结合前后句可知，此处是并列关系，故填并列连词 and。考点 2 状语从句中的从属连词[典例 1] peter： unbelievable！ oh...， 69 you don’t mind， i’ll stop and take a deep breath.(2014· 辽宁) 分析 此题借考查状语从句的引导词考查语意逻辑关系。根据句意可知应填 if，引导条件状 语从句。 [典例 2] i made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 i went to answer the phone.but someone must have taken them because they’re gone.(2014· 新课标全国样 卷) 分析 前一个分句 i made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 与后一个分句 i went to answer the phone 之间缺少连词， 根据句意， 第二个分句是第一个分句的时间状语从句， 故填 when。 方法归纳 若两个或两个以上单词或短语之间没有连词， 若两句一个主谓关系算一 个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，则一定是填并列连词或从属连词。常考 的并列连词有 and， but， or， so， while， when 等； 常考的从属连词有 if， although/though， while，once，unless，when，where，since，before，after，because，as 等。 在空白处填入适当的词(每空 1 词) 1．he is a shy man， he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015· 北京，25) 2．i believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else.(2015· 陕西，20) 3 ． the students came from different countries ， they got along quite well in the summer camp.(2015· 福建，31) 4．if you miss this chance，it may be years you get another one.(2015· 重庆，4) 5．just a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.(2015· 浙江，9) 6．some animals carry seeds from one place to another， plants can spread to new places.(2014· 北 京，21) 7．it was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(2014· 江西，35) 8．there’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man，also intelligent，fails.(2013· 新课标全国ⅰ，32) 9．you have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.(2012· 课标全国ⅰ，34)10 ． hot the night air was ， we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.(2012· 陕西，18)情态动词与助动词考点 1 情态动词的基本用法[典例 1] you be carol.you haven’t changed a bit after all these years.(2015· 重庆，12) 分析 根据 be 动词为原形，可判断此处缺少情态动词或助动词。根据文后 you haven’t changed a bit 可知，说话者完全认出了 carol，猜测的语气非常肯定。故填 must。 [典例 2] you feel all the training a waste of time， but i’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.(2015· 陕西，21) 分析 由句中的 but 及后一分句中的 a hundred percent sure 可知， 此处表示语气不强烈的推测。 故填 may。 [ 典 例 3] although you find bargains in london ， it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.(2014· 大纲全国，30) 分析 由语境可知，此处表示“你可能在伦敦找到便宜货”，指客观上的可能性。故填 can。考点 2 情态动词＋have done 用法[典例 1] mum：are they thereoh，my goodness.i 9 have put them in there when the phone rang. (2014· 新课标全国样卷) 分析 动词原形前常跟情态动词或助动词。根据句意可知，是对过去的肯定推测，故用 must have done 形式。故填 must。 [典例 2] —sorry，mum！i failed the job interview again. —oh，it’s too bad.you have made full preparations.(2015· 福建，27) 分析 根据句意可知，此处表示“你该做好充足的准备的”。should have done 本应该做某事 (实际并未做)，符合语境。故填 should。考点 3 助动词的考查1．构成行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句和否定句的 do，does，did。 [典例 1] then the driver stood up and asked，“ 48 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop”(2014· 新课标全国ⅱ) 分析 分析语境，此处指司机问“有人在上一站丢失手提箱吗”。这是一个问句，同时丢 失东西的动作已经发生，应用一般过去时，因此填 did。注意首字母要大写。 [典例 2] how much he charge you for repairing the bicycle just now 分析 这是疑问句，由 just now 可知，是一般过去时，填助动词 did。 2．强调行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的谓语动词的 do，does，did。 [典例 1] if you have a job， devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.(2010· 四川，19) 分析 if 引导的是条件状语从句，空格处用动词原形构成祈使句，从而产生“祈使句＋and ＋陈述句”的结构。do 用来加强语气，强调动词。 [典例 2] to tell you the truth， tom take my pen by mistake yesterday， but he has said sorry to me. 分析 与 yesterday 连用，谓语动词本应用一般过去时，但 take 却用了原形，可见其前面应当有助动词或情态动词；根据语境，应当是表达“的确错拿了我的钢笔”，强调谓语动词，又 是一般过去时，故用 did。 3．构成部分倒装的 do，does，did。 典例 only when lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home.(2015· 天津，3) 分析 “only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时， 主句要用部分倒装。 根据时间状语 when lily walked into the office 可知要用一般过去时。故填助动词 did。 方法归纳 若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词 与助动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词或助动词。在空白处填入适当的词(每空 1 词) 1．it was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.(2015· 浙江，4) 2．you be careful with the camera.it costs！(2015· 四川，2) 3．only when you can find peace in your heart you keep good relationships with others.(2014· 湖 南，29) 4．i’ve ordered some pizza，so we worry about cooking when we get home tired.(2014· 重庆， 3) 5．—what are you doing this saturday —i’m not sure，but i go to the rolling stones concert.(2013· 重庆，26) 6． the children have got lost in the woods； otherwise， they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.(2013· 陕西，21) 7．no one be more generous；he has a heart of gold.(2013· 天津，9) 8．—goodbye，john.come back again sometime. —sure.i .(2012· 四川，3) 9．—will you read me a story，mummy —ok.you have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.(2011· 陕西，24) 10．—why didn’t you come to simon’s party last night —i wanted to，but my mom simply not let me out so late at night.(2011· 重庆，25)特殊句式考点 1 强调句典例 bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015· 重庆，9) 分析 本题考查强调句型。it is/was...that...为强调句型，本题强调的是时间状语 not until the early 19th century。故填 that。考点 2 倒装句典例 after talking to two students did i discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(2015· 湖南，23) 分析 由句子结构可知本句为部分倒装语序，结合句意“直到跟两个学生说了话之后我才发现”可知，此处应用 only 修饰 after 引导的时间状语从句。故填 only。注意首字母要大 字。考点 3 省略句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句及其他[典例 1] —do you think george has passed the driving test —no.if ，he would have driven his car to our college yesterday.(2013· 福建，30) 分析 由语境可知，此处意为“如果他通过了考试的话”，承接上文即“如果这样的 话”，为省略形式。故填 so。 [典例 2] call me tomorrow i’ll let you know the lab result.(2014· 大纲全国，33) 分析 由语境可知，此处是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”这一固定句式结构。故填 and。 [典例 3] a strange plant！i’ve never seen it before.(2011· 辽宁，33) 分析 因为空后的中心词 plant 是名词，所以用 what 引导该感叹句。what a strange plant！也 可表达成 how strange a plant，即 how 后的中心词为形容词或副词。故该填 what。 方法归纳 注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式，再根据特殊句式的结构 特点填入适当的词。在空白处填入适当的词(每空 1 词) 1．it might have saved me some trouble i known the schedule. (2015· 江苏，28) 2．it was when we were returning home i realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. (2015· 湖南，21) 3．it was the culture，rather than the language， made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. (2014· 福建，29) 4． he caught the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting. (2014· 天津，15) 5． there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. (2014· 福建，32) 6．no sooner mo yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. (2014· 陕西，17) 7．the climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，if ，reaching 30 ℃ in summer. (2014· 福建，28) 8．—i spent two weeks in london last summer. —then you must have visited the british museum during your stay， you (2014· 重庆，10) 9．give me a chance， i’ll give you a wonderful surprise. (2014· 天津，1) 10．—it rained cats and dogs this morning.i’m glad we took an umbrella. —yeah，we would have got wet all over if we . (2013· 重庆，29)(一) (2015· 全国ⅰ，语法填空改编一) yangshuo，china it 1.(rain) lightly when i arrived in yangshuo just before dawn.2. i didn’t care.a few hours before，i’d been at home in hong kong，with its choking smog.here，the air 3.(be) clean and fresh，even with the rain. i’d skipped nearby guilin,4. dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the li river 5.(picture) by artists in so many chinese paintings.instead， i’d headed straight for yangshuo.for those 6.(fly) to guilin，it’s only an 7.(hour) drive and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city. yangshuo is 8.(real) beautiful.a study of travelers that 9.(conduct) by the website tripadvisor names yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.and the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in asia.abercrombie & kent,10. is a travel company in hong kong， says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living in shanghai and hong kong. (二) (2015· 全国ⅰ，语法填空改编二) yangshuo，china it was raining 1.(light) when i arrived in yangshuo just before dawn.but i didn’t care.a few hours 2.(early)， i’d been at home in hong kong， with its choking smog.here， the air was clean 3. fresh， even with the rain. i’d skipped nearby guilin，a dream place for tourists who seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the li river that 4.(picture) by artists in so many chinese paintings.instead，i’d headed straight for yangshuo.for those 5. fly to guilin， it only takes them an hour by car and all the scenery of the betterknown city 6. be offered. yangshuo is really 7.(beauty)．a study of travelers conducted by the website tripadvisor 8.(name) yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.and the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in asia.abercrombie & kent is one of the travel 9.(company) in hong kong,10.(say) that it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living in shanghai and hong kong. (三) (2015· 全国ⅱ，语法填空改编一) the adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1. are built by the pueblo indians of the american southwest are admired by even the 2.(modern) of architects and engineers.in addition to their simple 3.(beautiful)，what makes the adobe dwellings 4.(admire) is their ability to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.5.(wall) made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights，thus warming the house.when 6. new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and 7.(be) now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day； at the same time， they warm up again for the night.this cycle goes day after day: the walls warm up during the day and cool 8. during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.as natural architects，the pueblo indians figured out 9.(exact) how thickthe adobe walls needed to be 10.(make) the cycle work on most days. (四) (2015· 全国ⅱ，语法填空改编二) the adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the pueblo indians of the american southwest 1.(admire) by even the most modern of architects and engineers.in addition to their simple beauty,2. makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house 3. using electric equipment.walls 4.(make) of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights， thus 5.(warm) the house.when a new day 6.(break)， the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day；at the same time，they warm up again for the night.this cycle goes day 7. day: the walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a 8.(time) offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.as natural 9.(architect)，the pueblo indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls 10.(need) to be to make the cycle work on most days. 提醒：完成作业 强化练(十八)～(二十一)二轮专题强化练强化练(十八)强化练(十八) 语法填空(1)(建议用时：40 分钟) 1 (2015· 河北衡水中学高三一模) a boy trembled in the cold winter,1.(wrap) his arms around himself on a bus stop bench.he 2.(wear) warm clothes and the temperature was －10℃.a heartbreaking scene！but the good deeds of the ordinary people who witnessed 3. 11yearold johannes were both joyous 4. inspiring.a woman， sitting next to the boy， discovered he was 5. a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.she 6.(self) covered her own coat around his shoulders.later,7. woman at first gave him her scarf， and then wrapped him in her large jacket.throughout the day， more and more people offered johannes their gloves and even the coats off their backs.8.(actual)，it was a hidden camera experiment by norwegian charity sos children’s village as part of their winter campaign to collect 9.(donate) to help syrian children get through the winter.synne ronning，the information head of the organization，also noted that the child was a volunteer who was never in any 10.(dangerous) during the filming. 2 [2015· 河北唐山一中高三高考仿真(二)] in the days when an ice cream cost much less，tom,11. 8yearold boy，entered a hotel coffee shop 12. sat at a table.a waitress put a glass of water in front of him.“how much is an ice cream”“fiftycents，” replied the waitress.the little boy pulled 13. right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. “how much is a dish of plain ice cream” he asked.some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit 14.(patience)．“thirtyfive cents，” she said 15.(rude)．the little boy carefully counted the coins 16..“i will have a plain ice cream，” he said.the waitress walked 17..the boy finished the ice cream， paid the cashier and left.it was not long 18. the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised 19. what she saw.there,20.(place) neatly beside the empty dish，were two nickels and five pennies—her tip! 3 (2015· 黑龙江哈尔滨第六中学高三二模) british families started going on holiday to the seaside around the middle of the 19th century.the 21.(invent) of the railway made this possible.the first holidaymakers 22.(be) quite rich and went for their health and education.the seaside was a place to cure people of illness.and doctors recommended bathing in the sea and drinking sea water.at that time ordinary working people had very little time off work.23.，in 1871，the government introduced for “bank holidays”，that is national holidays.this allowed people 24.(have) a day or two out now and then，25. gave them a taste for leisure and seaside.at first，they went on a day trip，taking advantage 26. special trip tickets on the railways.by the 1880s,27.(rise) incomes meant that many ordinary workers and their families could have holiday at the seaside.welfare was reduced and cheap hotels 28.(build) for them.holidaymakers enjoy 29.(sit) on the beach，bathing in the sea and eating ice cream.cheap entertainment was on offer and holidaymakers went to have fun.today 30. english seaside remainspopular with more than 18 million holidays taken there each year. 4 (2015· 河南开封市高三冲刺卷) new books and old ones arrived at the british museum a hundred years ago， and more people came 31.(read) them.the old reading rooms were 32.(crowd)．the air was bad and readers got terrible headaches.the librarian， panizzi，wanted poor students，as 33. as rich men，to be able to learn.he got a free copy of every new book for the british museum.soon，there were three rows 34. books on every shelf and hundreds of books on the floor.something cheerful happened.panizzi 35.(he) designed the famous round reading room，with a beautiful high roof and forty kilometers of 36.(bookshelf)．some of the equipment was unusual.cool air came up through small holes in the tables.hot air in tubes und