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2012年高考英语作文突破(提分秘笈)
12012 高考英语作文2 紧扣高考英语作文评分标准 2.1.1 高考作文采用总体评分方式， 集中在以下 四个方面： 2.1.2 －覆盖了题目提出的所有内容要点和要 求； 2.1.3 －应用了较多的语法结构和词汇， 内容比 较丰富； 2.1.4 －在使用复杂结构或高级词汇时允许有 些许错误； 2.1.5 －有效地使用了语句间的连接成
分， 全文 结构紧凑流畅。 2.1.6 ●高考英语作文完美行文四步骤 2.1.7 STEP1：确定文章框架，包括：时态、语 态、格式、展开方式、开头结尾等。 2.1.8 STEP2：确定内容要点，包括：主要人物、 时间地点、重要细节、合理发挥等。 2.1.9 STEP3：正式开始写作，整理思路成篇， 行文连贯。 3 STEP4： 4 及粗心犯下的错误. 5 高考英语写作技巧汇总 6 掌握技巧： 6.1 注意篇章结构，合理布局 6.1.1 开始部分（opening paragraph）――说出文 中的要点、核心问题。 6.1.2 正文部分（Body paragraphs）――围绕主题 开展叙述、讨论。 7 8.1.1 结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）――对全 8 文的总结和概括。8.1.2 要做到全文中心突出、 段落之间必须是有 机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛 除与主题无关 8.1.3 的内容。 详细可以参情况考 ESL 资源网 站
里面的 writing 部分。 8.2 确定主题句 8.2.1 主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。 它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。 通常主 题句出现 8.2.2 在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句 所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。 8.2.3 写主题句应注意以下几点： 8.2.4 ①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点 8.2.5 ②提炼出一句具有概括性的话 8.2.6 ③主题句应具有可读性， 抓住、 吸引读者。 9 巧用连接词 9.1.1 要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会 正确使用连接词 9.1.2 表示罗列增加 9.2 First, second, third,First, then / next, after that / next, finally 9.3 For one thing … for another…, 9.4 On (the) one hand…on the other hand, 9.5 Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, 9.6 Especially / In particular, 9.6.1 表示时间顺序 9.7 now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with, 10 later, next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, form now on, from then on,at the same time, meanwhile,till, not…until,before, after, when, while, as during, 10.1.1 表示解释说明 11 now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually 11.1.1 表示转折关系 11.1.2 but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all, 11.1.3 表示并列关系 11.1.4 or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor 11.1.5 表示因果关系 11.1.6 because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that 11.1.7 表示条件关系 11.1.8 as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless 11.1.9 表示让步关系 11.1.9.1 though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when,whom) 11.1.10 表示举例 11.1.11 for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example 11.1.12 表示比较 11.1.13 be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as, 11.1.14 表示目的 11.1.15 for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to, 11.1.16 表示强调 11.1.17 in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt,without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all, 11.1.18 表示概括归纳 11.1.19 in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion 12 掌握常用句型： 12.1.1 台湾英语资源网 http://www.esl.tw 里面有 很多，下面只列举比较常用的。 12.1.2 in order to 12.1.3 为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。 13 14.1.1 He worked very hard in order to realize his 14 dream. 14.1.2 in order that 14.1.3 她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备 就绪。 14.1.4 She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 o’clock.. 14.1.5 so…that 14.1.6 他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了 了。 14.1.7 They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn. 14.1.8 such…that 14.1.9 天气非常冷，以致于街上一个人都没有。 14.1.10 It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street. 14.1.11 would rather do…than do 14.1.12 他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。 14.1.13 He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 14.1.14 prefer doing to doing 14.1.15 他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。14.1.16 He prefers making speeches after careful preparation. 14.1.17 prefer to do…rather than do 14.1.18 比起女人， 男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿 花那么多时间来购物。 14.1.19 Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time 14.1.20 shopping. 14.1.21 not only…but also 14.1.22 在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所 有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。 14.1.23 In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her 14.1.24 doctor’s degree. 14.1.25 either…or 14.1.26 如果考试过关， 你可以买一个 MP3 或去云 南玩一趟。 14.1.27 You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam. 14.1.28 Neither…nor 14.1.29 他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱 读书。 14.1.30 He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading. 14.1.31 as well as 14.1.32 他善良又乐于助人。 14.1.33 He was kind as well as helpful. 14.1.34 …as well 14.1.35 这个小孩活泼又可爱。 14.1.36 The child is active and funny as well. 14.1.37 One…the other 14.1.38 你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色 的，另一支是黑色的。 14.1.39 Have you seen two pens on the desk? One isred, the other is black. 14.1.40 Some…others 14.1.41 每个人都很忙， 有些在读书， 有些在写作。 14.1.42 Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing. 14.1.43 make…+adj /n 14.1.44 我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。 14.1.45 What we do will make the world more beautiful. 14.1.46 not…until 14.1.47 直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。 14.1.48 I didn’t know the truth until she told me what happened. 14.1.49 as if 14.1.50 他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。 14.1.51 He talks a lot as if he knows everything. 14.1.52 It is no use (good) doing… 14.1.53 假装不懂规则是行不通的。 14.1.54 It’s no use pretending that you didn’t know the rules. 14.1.55 find it + adj to do… 14.1.56 我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。 14.1.57 I find it necessary to take down notes while listening. 14.1.58 It is + time since… 14.1.59 我已经有两年没见他了。 14.1.60 It is two years since I last met him. 14.1.61 It is + time when… 14.1.62 我到电影院时已经八点钟了。 14.1.63 It was 8 o’clock when I got to the cinema. 14.1.64 It is + time before… 14.1.65 不久我们就会再见面的。 14.1.66 I won’t be long before we can meet again. 14.1.67 It is…that… 14.1.68 我最珍视的是友谊。14.1.69 It is friendship that I value most. 14.1.70 It is + n / adj + that / to do… 14.1.71 每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机 14.1.72 It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers. 15 写作辅导：写作核心句型 16 核心句型 16.1.1.1 开头 17 The arguer may be right about …, but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (take into account) that fact that… 2. As opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly/generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas/views), I believe (argue that… 3. Although many people believe that …, I doubt (wonder) whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination). 4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A. 5. Although it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that …, it is unlikely to be true that… 6. There is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important / essential) fact (reason) that… 7. It is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,)…, but this is not to say (it is unlikely / it doesn’t follow / it doesn’t mean / it won’t be the case) that… 8. The main (obvious / great) problem (flaw / drawback) with (in) this argument (view / remark) is that it is ignorant of (blind to) the basic (bare) fact that … 9. It would be possible (natural / reasonable) to think (believe / take the view) that…, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that …10. In all the discussion and debate over…, one important (basic) fact is generally overlooked (neglected). 11. There is absolutely (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that… 12. Logical (Valid / Sound) as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) when … is taken into consideration (account). 13. To assume (suggest) that … is far from being proved (to miss the point). 14. A close (careful) inspection (examination / scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless / fallacious) it is. 15. On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but careful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that… 16. Too much emphasis placed on (attention paid to / importance attached to) … may obscure (overlook / neglect) other facts… 17. The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that… 18. What the arguer fails to understand (consider /mention) is that… 19. We don’t have to look very far to see (find out) the truth (validity) of this argument (proposition). 20. However just (logical / sound / valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem. 2． 正文 1. Although the popular belief is that…, a current (new / recent) study (survey / poll / investigation) indicates (shows / demonstrates) that… 2. Common sense tells us that… 3. The increase (change / failure / success) in… mainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from / is because of)…4. The increase (change / failure /success) in … is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that… 5. Many people would claim that… 6. One may attribute (ascribe / owe) the increase (decrease / change) to …, but … is not by itself an adequate explanation. 7. One of the reasons given for … is that… 8. What is also worth noticing is that… 9. There are many (different / several / a number of / a variety of) causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change /decline / increase) in .. First,… Second,… Finally,… 10. There is no evidence to suggest that… 18 11. Why are (is / do / did) …? For one thing, … For another, … 12. Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that… 13. It gives rise to (lead to / bring / create) a host of problems (consequences). 14. There are numerous reasons why …, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones. 15. It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on… 16. A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success/ failure / development) in… 17. In 1999, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total (to 15 percent / by 15 percent). 18. By comparison with 1998, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent). 19. It account for 15 percent of the total. 20. There were 100 traffic accidents in April, and increase of 5 percent in a five-month period.19 21. By 1999, only (less than / more than / almost / about / over / as many as) three quarters (40 percent of / one out of five / one in four) college population (graduates / housewives) as against (as compared with) last year (1998) preferred to (liked)… 3． 结尾 1. From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that… 2. All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that … 3. It is high time that we place (lay / put) great ( special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of… 4. It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of… 5. We must look (search / all / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of …, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of… 6. There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution ( approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of …, but … might be useful (helpful / beneficial). 7. No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of …, but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of … might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the rightdirection). 8. Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to)…, but the pay-off will be worth the effort. 9. Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that… 10. Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to)…, it is very likely (the chances are good) that… 20 11. There is little doubt (no denying) that serous (special / adequate / immediate /further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of … 12. It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct / check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon). 13. It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be make to control (check / halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of … 14. It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)… 15. It remains to be seen whether…, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy). 16. Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave / serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of… 17. To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job), and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of main towards (attitude towards / outlook on)… 18. For these reasons, I strongly recommend that… 19. For the reasons given above, I feel that…21 英语写作十字真经：研习、背诵、默写、互译、模 仿 22 英语的书面表达一直以来就是英语学习的瓶颈。在 此，笔者向各位学习者提供突破英语写作的十字建 议，即研习、背诵、默写、互译、模仿，概括出培 养写作能力的五个方面，如能严格遵循，定能柳暗 花明。 研 习 “没有规矩，不成方圆。”对于一般英语学习者而言， 写出优秀的文章有赖于后天习得，但并不意味着机 械背诵、生吞活剥，或者照搬照抄、人云亦云。所 谓研习，需要有独立思考和个人的判断，本着“他山 之石，可以攻玉”的精神，汲取文章的精华部分加以 研究。研习主要侧重两个方面，包括文章章法和语 言表达。文章章法指文章的行文思路、布局谋篇、 结构安排、逻辑顺序。许多学习者面对一个话题， 可能存在两种不同的困惑，一是下笔千言，但离题 万里；二是思绪万千，却无从落笔。导致两种困惑 的根源皆在于欠缺思考问题、组织思路的恰当方 式，以至于文章不得要领、章法紊乱。这就要求我 们从全篇脉络角度多研习范文，之后领悟如何以演 绎法行文、怎样用归纳法谋篇以及如何围绕特定话 题拓展思路等等。 此外， 研习还要侧重于语言表达， 包括遣词造句和句子、段落之间的各 种衔接手段，以期在自己日后的写作中派上用场， 因为英文写作皆通一理。 只有善于借鉴， 勤加研究， 才会借他人的优势和长处，提高自己的写作水平。 背 诵 背诵是提高写作的又一有效途径。要学好写作，首先要处理好语言输入与输出之间的关系。前者是后 者的前提条件。如果头脑空空如也，就根本谈不上 写出像模像样的文章。只有读过大量东西，并且有 意识地将其中精彩部分储存于记忆之中(commit the highlights to memory)， 才能保证下笔流畅、 文通字顺。 因此，背诵对于写作极为重要。但背诵不是机械记 忆，而是有选择性的背诵，是有意义的记忆。因为 机械背诵的结果要么是记忆很快就荡然无存、了无 痕迹，要么是无法活学活用、付诸实践。背诵包括 五个方面：重点词汇、常用套语、精彩句子、优秀 段落、经典篇章。 重点词汇 美妙的用词及搭配皆在此列，像 fall victim（受害） ， stand a fair chance（大有希望）这种地道的动宾搭配 要勤加记忆。为了积累写作词汇，应将文中同属一 个 话 题 的 用 词 汇 总 归 纳 ， 组 成 主 题 词 族 （ topic family） 。归类记忆可以使自己日后即写即用，得心 应手。下文是一篇阐释爱心的优秀文章，多处用词 精巧，现将文中关于爱心这一主题的词汇总结如 下： emotional strength 情感的力量 the noblest of human emotions 人类最高尚的情感 no thought of gain 不计得失 the lamp of love 爱心之灯 help the victims of natural disasters 支援自然灾害受害 者 donate whatever they can 倾囊相助 help their needy fellow citizens 帮助有需要的同胞 be ready to give a helping hand 随时准备伸出援手 When we use the word “love”, we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a verynarrow definition of the word. Love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. In fact, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions. As an example of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can D be it money or goods D to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves. In my opinion, the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. In this way, we can help to make the world a better place, for the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines. 当我们用“爱”这个词时，我们不仅仅指异性对一个 人的吸引，这只是对这个词非常狭隘的解释。爱心 是一种情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑 暗，爱心都能支撑我们。事实上，纵观历史，不同 文化背景的人都把爱看成是人类最高尚的情感。 说到爱心的力量，我们马上就会想起每年中国各族 人民是如何响应号召支援自然灾害受害者的。尽管 按照国际标准他们的收入还处于低水平，全国人民 毫不犹豫地倾囊相助DD不管是钱还是物DD帮助 那些有需要的同胞。而且，他们这么做并不考虑自 己的得失。我认为，表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不 幸的人。我们应该随时准备向有困难的人伸出援助 之手，无论他们是家庭成员还是素昧平生。这样， 我们就能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的 地方，因为，悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒 就越闪亮。 常用套语 套语指流行的公式化语言，在写作中适当使用颇有 必要。如在商业信函结尾，期望对方早日回复的表 达方式就要遵循套语的基本模式，使表达规范得 体。下面试举几个例子： Kindly favor us with an early reply. 请早日赐复。 Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated. 如能及时回 复，将不胜感谢。 We look forward to hearing from you soon. 早日回复。 We are expecting your prompt reply. 急盼回复。 Please have the kindness to answer this letter quickly. 请 早日回信。 Kindly let us have your reply at your earliest convenience. 请在您方便时尽早赐函。 We would appreciate it if you could respond right away. 如 能即刻回复，将不胜感谢。 当前流行应试写作模板，即套语的使用贯穿文章始 终，为考生提供万能公式型的文章主架，每句表达 皆由固定套语框定，考生只要背下套用句型、过渡 词语，在考试中根据特定考题填充具体内容。这种 应试策略使写出的文章矫揉造作，生硬刻板，虽可 以让考生及格过关，但绝对得不到高分。套语的过 多使用不妨可以比作大海中的救生圈，有了它，仅 仅可以让不擅游泳者保全性命，却无法自在畅游， 一展泳姿。一般而言， 套语较为空洞， 如使用过多，文章容易流于空泛，言之无物。写作宜虚实结合， 形式与内容相统一。下例是一篇比较在家学习与入 校读书谁优谁劣的范文，文中巧妙地使用了一些固 定句式和过渡词语，不仅增强了表达效果，而且实 现了形式与内容的统一。 There are two major arguments that can be made for studying at home. First, as advances in the electronic media have brought the whole world of scholarship into the home via the Internet and educational courses on TV, the classroom is no longer the only place for acquiring knowledge. Second, it is widely held that a person studies better in the familiar surroundings of his own home and when he can arrange his own study time. But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are advantages to studying in the classroom, too. Being surrounded by people of roughly the same abilities and interests can be a great stimulus to acquiring knowledge, whereas studying in solitude at home is boring for many people. More importantly, there can be no substitute for a good teacher, who must not only be able to impart facts and theories, but also to appraise and encourage his students. Given the choice between these two methods of learning, I prefer the classroom. This is because I am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrate on study in the midst of household chores, and disturbances from visitors and telephone calls. The classroom environment, I feel, is the only one in which most people feel comfortable applying all their energies to the all-important task of acquiring knowledge. 关于在家学习， 我们可以提出两个主要论点。 第一， 由于电子媒体方面取得的进步把整个世界的知识通过互联网和电视上的教育课程带入了家庭，教室 不再是惟一获取知识的场所。 第二， 人们普遍认为， 在自己家里这样熟悉的环境中，并且能自己安排学 习时间，一个人能学得更好。 但是，我们不能忽视在教室里学习也有好处这一事 实。周围都是能力相近和兴趣相投的人可能会对获 取知识形成巨大的刺激，而对很多人来说孤独一人 在家学习会有些枯燥乏味。更重要的是，没有什么 可以替代一个好老师，他不仅能够传道授业，而且 能够评估并鼓励学生。 如果在两种学习方法中选择，我更喜欢在教室里学 习，因为我是那种很难在家务琐事、客人、电话的 打扰下集中注意力学习的人。我认为大多数人只有 在教室里才能把全部精力放在获取知识这件十分 重要的工作上。 精彩句子 精彩句子指文章中句式优美、蕴含哲理的句子。精 彩句子的背诵有助于写作时的引用和模仿。如在阅 读美国前总统约翰?肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy)的就职 演说(Inaugural Address)时， 可以记住诸如“Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. ” 不要问国家能为你做什么， （ 而要问你能为 国家做什么。 ）这样的传世佳句，当你写关于爱国 (patriotism)主题的作文时，则可以适时引用。现仍以 上面谈“爱心”的文章为例，其中值得背诵的句子为 数不少。摘录如下： ①Love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. 爱心是情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑 暗，爱心都能支撑我们。 ②People all over the country do not hesitate to donatewhatever they can D be it money or goods D to help their needy fellow citizens. 全国人民毫不犹豫地倾囊相助DD不管是钱还是 物DD帮助那些有需要的同胞。 ③The best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. 表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。 ④The darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines. 悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。 优秀段落 阅读时，我们经常会碰到一些过目难忘的段落。这 些段落或者表达流畅、文笔优美，或者逻辑缜密、 结构严谨。根据表达需要，有不同的功能段落，如 现象说明段、观点陈述段、原因列举段、利弊解释 段、结论归纳段、趋势预测段、措施建议段等。有 些优秀段落可以作为写作的功能段落加以背诵，对 于我们拓展思路、规范行文大有裨益。在背诵过程 中，熟练掌握各种功能段落的行文规则，自己在表 达时就能驾轻就熟。下面仅举观点陈述段和措施建 议段各一例。 观点陈述段（陈述“民族文化应该成为世界文化”的 观点） A culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial for all mankind. Since China has opened its doors widely to the outside world, many people from different countries want to visit China. They will come to accept and love Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be shared generously with foreign people, who show great interest in it. Meanwhile, as more and more foreigners come to China, they bring aspects of their ownculture to share with the Chinese people. In this way, people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire a better understanding of each other and live peacefully together. 一个国家的文化可能成为世界文化，这对全人类都 有益。由于中国已经向外界敞开了国门，许多来自 不同国家的人都希望来看一看中国。他们会开始接 受并喜欢整个中国文化，中国文化应该大大方方地 让感兴趣的外国人分享。与此同时，随着来中国的 外国人越来越多，他们也把他们自己的文化带给了 中国人。这样，世界各国的人们就能够更好地相互 理解、和平相处。 措施建议段（建议“人口老龄化”的解决措施） The rapidity of the population’s aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. No doubt, the key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile, importance should be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service. What’s more, family care and community services should also be encouraged. 人口老龄化的加速使采取应对措施变得更为紧迫。 毫无疑问，解决问题的关键是建立稳固的经济基 础。与此同时，应该重视整体的社会进步，改变社 会保障、福利和服务的落后局面。除此之外，应该 鼓励家庭照料和社区服务。 经典篇章 古往今来，英语宝库中涌现出大批经典佳作，如林 肯的《葛底斯堡演说》(The Gettysburg Address)，福克 纳的诺贝尔奖演说(Banquet Speech)，海伦?凯勒的 《给我三天光明》 (Three Days to See)。 这些文章在文 字的运用上技法高超，在思想内涵上寓意深刻，读来字字珠玑，文字优美，启迪心智，含义隽永(full of exquisite words and truth, satisfying the mind, appealing to the heart)。这样的文章如不能熟读成诵，则无法融 会贯通。背诵一定数量的经典名篇既有助于提高自 己遣词造句的能力，也有助于加强自己表达思想的 深度。下面的一篇短文是英国哲学家罗素(Bertrand Russell)自传的序言部分，题为 What I Have Lived For （我的人生追求） ，概述了作者一生追求的三种理 想，文章在语言和思想两个方面都堪称经典，值得 背诵。 What I Have Lived For Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy D ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness D that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what D at last D I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend thePythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people D a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I can’t, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. 我的人生追求 有三种简单然而无比强烈的激情左右了我的一生： 对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难的难以忍 受的怜悯。这些激情像飓风，无处不在、反复无常 地吹拂着我，吹过深重的苦海，濒于绝境。 我寻找爱，首先是因为它使人心醉神迷，这种陶醉 是如此的美妙，使我愿意牺牲所有的余生去换取几 个小时这样的欣喜。 我寻找爱， 还因为它解除孤独， 在可怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的灵魂从世界的边缘看 到冰冷、无底、死寂的深渊。最后，我寻找爱，还 因为在爱的交融中，神秘而又具体而微地，我看到 了圣贤和诗人们想象出的天堂的前景。这就是我所 寻找的，而且，虽然对人生来说似乎过于美妙，这 也是我终于找到了的。 以同样的激情我探索知识。我希望能够理解人类的 心灵。我希望能够知道群星为何闪烁。我试图领悟 毕达哥拉斯所景仰的数字力量，它支配着此消彼 涨。仅在不大的一定程度上，我达到了此目的。 爱和知识，只要有可能，通向着天堂。但是怜悯总把我带回尘世。痛苦呼喊的回声回荡在我的内心。 忍饥挨饿的孩子，惨遭压迫者摧残的受害者，被儿 女们视为可憎负担的无助的老人，连同这整个充满 了孤独、贫穷和痛苦的世界，使人类所应有的生活 成为了笑柄。我渴望能够减少邪恶，但是我无能为 力，而且我自己也在忍受折磨。 这就是我的一生。我发现它值得一过。如果再给我 一次机会，我会很高兴地再活它一次。 （方舟子译） 默 写 默写也是提高写作的一个重要环节，即把背熟的东 西付诸纸端。这个过程不仅是为了检验自己的记忆 效果，更为重要的是训练正确的书面表达能力。在 英语学习中， 我们少有机会动笔写英文， 长期以来， 手笔生疏，导致提笔即错。再者，由于受汉语思维 和习惯的种种影响，在潜意识里容易犯一些英语表 达错误。普遍存在的语言错误包括主谓一致、时态 处理、冠词用法、名词单复数形式、单词拼写等， 尤其在单词拼写方面，很多人混淆词性，把 society, economy, difficulty 写成 social, economic, difficult； 再如字 母位置错误，将 true, tired, modern 写作 ture, tried, morden；诸如此类。这些看似微妙的错误如果不加 以有意识的克服，可能会发展为根深蒂固的习惯， 成为写作中的重大弊病。通过默写，写出曾经记诵 过的段落字句，之后自我查验、批改，发现并纠正 在动笔中的错误，可以有效克服自己潜意识中的英 文错误，提高实际写作时的熟练和准确程度。 互 译 能够在英汉两种语言之间自如转换是英语学习的 一个至高境界。尝试英汉互译，即把英语文章翻译 成地道汉语，间隔数日再将汉语翻译回英文。英文 和汉语在表情达意方面存在着诸多差异，可惜学习者往往观察不足，领悟不深。通过互译训练，比较 异同，可以强化我们对两种语言之间差异的认知， 可以加强英语表达能力。在复原成英文的过程中， 词汇表达、句式结构、段落组织、篇章布局等各个 方面、多个角度都得到复习。同时，可以有效避免 中国式英语在作文中的出现。中式英语在书面表达 中屡见不鲜，根源在于学习者受到汉语表达和中式 思维的制囿。英汉互译有助于冲破两种语言习惯的 壁垒，有助于超越两种语言思维的障碍，有助于思 维与表达取得和谐的统一，有助于将中文的思想地 道流畅地传达为英语语言。互译的实质在于巧妙地 借翻译手段促进英语的创作性表达。 模 仿 在自己写文章时，应有意识地调用以前的积累，正 向迁移，融入自己的写作，包括语言表达、文章章 法、写作技巧等，最终达到学以致用的目的。如果 记忆中有像 “Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. ”（不是我爱凯撒浅，而是我爱罗马深。 ） 这样的经典名句，当写作有关英语学习的文章时不 妨模仿这个句式: Not that we can’t master English, but that we have not been willing to take pains. （不是我们不 能掌握英语，而是我们不愿付出努力。 正如学好 ） 书法常要描红，学好绘画常须描摹，写好文章则需 要模仿。Beauty imitated is beauty recreated. （模仿美 就是创造美。 ）赋予经典的表达以新的内涵，这也 是一种创新。模仿他人目的在于提高自己。模仿与 借鉴为写作所必须。总之，Good writing favors the prepared mind. （好的写作总是照顾那些有准备的人。 ） 英语写作能力的真正提高有赖于上述概括为十字 的五大策略，望朋友们勤之勉之，将其融入自己的学习实践，打下坚实的语言基础，真正实现从阅读 到写作的飞跃，达到英语读写能力的完美统一。逐 步积累，有所准备，需要之时就可以手到擒来，应 对自如，使英文写作成为自身的一项技能。 23 英语议论文的语言特点 24 由于与其他文体相比，英语议论文类似英语说明 文，因此，它具有英语说明文的一些语言特点，比 如：时态较为统一，多用现在时；强调语言表达的 客观性；尽可能指明信息来源等等。但作为一种独 立的文体，英语议论文在语言上也有一些自己特有 的表达形式： 25 较多使用表达委婉语气的词语和句子 25.1.1 与英语说明文相比， 英语议论文不仅需要 说明自己的观点，而且还要让读者接受自己 的观点，因此，在词语表达上除了客观之外， 还必须注意委婉。在英语中，常用虚拟语气， 让步状语从句和情态动词 can，could，may， might， would， should 等。 请看下面两组有关“面 试在招生过程中的重要性”的文字： 25.2 No one should be admitted into（招收进）college without a personal interview （ 面 试 ） .What can admissions people（招生人员）tell from a piece of paper？They can tell nothing.Only when they see a student face to face，can they decide what kind of a person he is. 25.3 Though admissions people can learn some things from a piece of paper， such as how well a person writes and what he is interested in， there may be many other things that an application （申请表）can not tell but can only be seen in a personal interview.The way a persontalks，the way he thinks about and answers questions， the way he reacts（反应） ， are all important facts of a person which can not be found on a piece of paper. 25.3.1 两段文字都强调“大学生入学必须面试”， 但相比之下，例（2）用了情态动词，though 引导的让步状语从句等表达方式，语气较为 委婉，更容易为读者所接受。 26 使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等词语 结构 26.1.1 英语议论文讲究辩论推理的条理性和逻 辑性，因此，往往较多地使用这类性质的过 渡词和连接词，常用的包括：since （既然） ， now that （既然） therefore 因而） consequently ， （ ， （因此） ，accordingly（因此） ，hence（因而） ， in that case （在那种情况下） because ， （因为） ， so（所以） 。另外，还有些句型也常出现在英 语 议 论 文 中 ，比 如 ： It follows that… （ 因 而……） If…， may conclude that… ， we （如果……， 我们可以这样下结论……） Should it be the ， case（如果是这样的话……） ，Idon't want to…， but… （ 我 并 不 想 …… ， 但 是 …… ） If you ， admit…，then…（如果你承认……，那么……） ， It is true that… ， but… （ 诚 然 …… ， 但 是……） Even if…（即使……）等。 ， 26.1.2 下面这篇学生作文较好地使用了上述这 些英语议论文常用的连接词和过渡词等词语 结构，从而使文章的辩论和推理条理清晰， 富有说服力： 26.1.3 Some people say that they will not give up smoking because they have the right to do what they want to do since smoking is not against the law.Yes， true that smoking does not violate （违 it's 反）the law and therefore they can do as they like，but what is equally true is that they have to be responsible for what they do at the same time. Now I don't want to bring fears to anyone，but here are some statistics（统计数字）I've just got from newspaper： Over seventy percent of the people who died of lung cancer were heavy smokers. More than thirty-five percent deformed（畸形 的）babies have smoking mothers. Even if those chain smokers （一支接一支抽烟者）are not afraid for themselves，shouldn't they be afraid for their family members if they have got any？ 27 英语写作中的修辞 27.1.1 修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。 但 在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要运用一 定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得 好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。因此， 掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮 点也是非常必要的。 对于大学英语写作来说， 主要应该掌握以下修辞手段， 又称语句辞格， 包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重 复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾 等则为语义辞格。 28 对比正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式 来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语 往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有 这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适 当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。 28.1 如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富 裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达： 28.1.1 Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods，but ragged in spirit.（注：句中 rich in 与ragged in，goods 与 spirit 具有正反对比的关系 和效果。 ） 28.2 如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达： 28.2.1 The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. （注：句中 the advantages 与 the disadvantages 具有正反对比的关系和效果。 ） 28.3 如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但 他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”， 可以这样表达： 28.3.1 They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact. （注： 句中 have noticed 与 have ignored， grain a of truth in the statements 与 a more important fact 具有正反对比的关系和效果。 ） 28.4 如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以 这样表达： 28.4.1 It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.（注：句中 negative 与 positive 具有正 反对比的关系和效果） 28.5 如“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与 我们很为不同的朋友”，可以这样表达： 28.5.1 We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.（注：句中 similar to 与 different from 具有正反对比的关系和效果） 29 排比英文中有时也使用排比句式，这种句式整齐而 有气势，又不会使人感到单调。例如，如“读书使我 们聪明，锻炼使我们强健”，可以这样表达： 29.1.1 Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong. 3.重复英文一般讲求简洁， 因此为表 达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容 得到突出。英文的重复又根据被重复词语在 语句中的位置分为句首重复、句尾重复、首 尾重复、尾首重复等。 29.2 如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言 归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可以这样表达： 29.2.1 Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.（注：此句为 句首重复，重复部分为句首的 now it the time to） 29.3 如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工 作”，可以这样表达： 29.3.1 We long for success and we are working hard for success.（注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部 分为句尾的 for success.） 29.4 如“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定 会成功”，可以这样表达： 29.4.1 I am convinced that we can succeed，and Iam convinced that we must succeed.（注：and 所连 接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复， 重复的部分为句首的 I am convinced that 与句 尾的 succeed） 29.5 如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代，而一个改 革充满着风险与机遇”，可以这样表达： 29.5.1 We are now living in a new era，and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances. （注： 之前的句尾与 and 之后的句首重复， and 重复部分为 a new era.） 30 倒装这里说的倒装不同于前述非修辞性的语法结 构倒装。非修辞性的语法结构倒装是语句的语法结 构所限定的，没有自由选择的余地，只要运用需要 倒装结构的句型就要采用倒装结构。这里所说的倒 装是指修辞性语义结构倒装，是进行强调的一种手 段，它利用了语句句首（或句尾）的特殊位置。例 如， 如“充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们 走来”，可以这样表达： 30.1.1 Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances. 5.转义转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段，主要有比喻、 拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等，比喻又包括明 喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。 30.2 如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑 海中萦绕”，英文可为： 30.2.1 What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.（注：此 句采用明喻，明喻的特点是使用了 like 一词） 30.3 如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英 语辞典”，英文可为： 30.3.1 Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.（注：此句采用暗喻，暗喻的特点 是利用事物之间的相似之处进行比喻，与明 喻不同之处在于不使用 like 一词） 30.4 如要表达“我正在读莎土比亚的书呢”，英文可 为： 30.4.1 I am reading Shakespeare.（注：此句采用换 喻，换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的名称宋 代替另一事物的名称，使用通过联想理解其 含义，但不是所有的事物都是可以用换喻来 表达的） 30.5 如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”，英文可为： 30.5.1 A hand is needed here.（注：此句采用提喻， 提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物 的整体或用一个事物的整体来代表事物的部 分。这里用 hand 一词代表整个人） 30.6 如要表达“巨大的不幸笼罩着整个城市”，英文 可为： 30.6.1 A great misfortune crept over the whole city. （注：此句采用拟人。拟人的特点是将事物 人格化） 30.7 如要表达“这种想法可真是伟大的愚蠢”，英文 可为： 30.7.1 This is really a great stupid idea.（注：此句采用反语。反语的特点是故意将话反说，具有 讽刺意味） 30.8 如要表达“我太渴望成功了。听到成功的消息 我欣喜若狂”，英文可为： 31 I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.（注：此句采用夸张。夸张的特点是为 表现事物的特征故意夸大其词） 32 如何进行英语记叙文写作训练 32.1.1 高考记叙文的写作一般要求考生根据试 卷中提供的情景，组织语言材料，编写成文。 一般说来，记叙文有时间、地点、人物、事 件、原因和结果六要 素，写作时要明白、清 楚地给予表达。写人时，要注意介绍人物的 身世、经历和事迹等；叙事时，要写清事情 发生与发展的过程以及事情发生的前因后果 等。进行记 叙文写作训练时，应该注意以下 三点： 首先，我们要让学生学习记叙文写作的 六要素――人物、事件、时间、地点、原因 和结果，在记叙文写作时要把六要素交待清 楚。让学生学习、掌握记 叙文的中心和材料 的关系，学会从具体的材料中提炼中心，并 根据中心思想的需要选择材料，合理安排情 节。让学生学习记叙文写作的顺序要求，学 会正确使用叙事 的三种方法：顺叙、倒叙和 插叙。让学生学习记叙文写作的详略要求， 在写作中能根据中心思想的需要确定详略， 分清主次。让学生学习记叙文写作的人称知 识，学 会运用第一人称和第三人称进行写 作。让学生了解记叙文记人、叙事、写景、状物要准确、生动、真实的要求，学会运用 多种表达方式。 其次，把阅读教学与写作指导结合起来 进行训练。结合记叙文的阅读教学，通过仿 写、改写等手段，使学生的读与写融会贯通。 阅读记叙文，重在对记叙文写法的分析、阐 述；学写记叙文，重在对记叙文知识运用的 指导、点拨。 第三，教学生如何确定写作中心。根据 这个中心，思考能够扩展的材料有哪些，要 避免写那些与中心内容无关的细节。围绕中 心，列出写作提纲。提纲 一定要包含所提供 的情景要点，同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词 语与句型将其扩展成篇。扩展时要注意写作 要求的字数，防止由于字数不够而引起的扣 分。 下面从三个方面来分析记叙文的写作训 练： (―)叙述的人称： (1)第一人称叙述(First―person narrator)： 写 作者以当事人的口气，即第一人称来叙述， 把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻来告诉读 者，用主观的表现手法，给读者一种亲切自 然的感 觉，如同亲身经历一样，加强了事件 的可信性，直接抒发作者的思想情感，从而 引起读者的共鸣。 (2)第三人称叙述(Third―person narrator)： 写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件，以客观的写作方法，能够充分反映事件中各人的感 受及见解，以全知的视角来叙述。 (二)叙述的内容： 一篇记叙文应注意交代清楚事情的始末 及细节，即何时、何地、何事、何人及何因 (when，where，what，who and why／how)，做 到有条有理，使读者易于明白。 1．事件：为了引起读者的注意，可以从 一些纠纷或交叉事件中展开， 直到高潮出现， 再将问题解决。 2．人物：集中主要人物的描写，记叙人 物遇到的事情及人物有什么影响。 3．时态：一般多采用一般过去时。 (三)叙述的方法： 一般叙述的线索可分为以下几种： (1)以时间为线索， 按时间的顺序来展开。 (2)以地点为线索，以地点的转移为顺序 来展开。 (3)以事件发展的过程为线索，或以人物 出现的先后次序来展开。 (4)以事物的象征意义为线索来展开。 (5)以人物的思想行为及认知的过程为线 索来展开。总之，英文写作是一个学生综合能力的 书面体现，是一个长期复杂的训练过程。因 此，培养学生的写作能力不是一蹴而就的， 而要在平时就从学生的实 际水平出发， 有目 的、有计划、有要求、有检查、有反馈地进 行，由易至难，循序渐进。只有这样，学生 到高时考才能做到厚积薄发，思如泉涌、下 笔如有神。 练习： 1．请将下面对话改写成一篇记叙文。 “Do you believe in life after death?”Jack’s boss asked Jack． “Yes，sir．” “Well， then， makes everything just fine， that ” the boss went on. “About an hour after you left yesterday to go to your grandpa’s funeral，he dropped into see you．” 文中应该说明：(1)Jack 向老板请假一天 的理由是什么? (2)Jack 回来后， 老板向他提出 什么问题?(3)老板举出什么事实?(4)当时 Jack 的表情如何? 词数大约 100。 2．请根据下面的提示写一篇词数为 120 左右的记叙文：(1)昨天你第一次跟着妈妈去 你家附近新开设的市场，你妈妈经常去那里 买东西。(2) 市场里人很多，各类商品随处可 见，叫卖声此起彼伏，人们在谈论着商品和 价格。(3)你曾要妈妈买点鲜鱼。虽然到处都 在卖冻鱼，但你们没费什么劲也买到了鲜鱼。(4)妈妈还买了一些别的东西。(5)市场上 的一切给你留下了深刻的印象。33 2012 高考英语高频答案词 高频考点 必考点34 吴军高频答案词一本通 34.1.1.1 目录：34.1.2 单选完形高频答案词 34.1.3 高频句型核心词 34.1.4 高频核心短语（以介词和副词为中心） 34.1.5 语法考点高频答案词 34.1.6 阅读词汇题及完形熟词僻义高频考点 34.1.7 吴军 2012 高考英语必考点解密 34.1.8 吴军阅读高频答案词及其核心特征35 一、2012 高考英语单选、完形高频答案词36 A 37 adapt adjust adopt attract38 38.1.1 39apply adopt appealadapt：指修改或改变以适应新条件 adapt to sth/sb：适应某物/某人。 You should adapt yourself to the new environment. You can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyesadjust：是指D调整、调节‖使之适应。 39.1.140fit： 多指D大小适合‖，引申为D吻合‖。 40.1.1 The shoes fitted me well.41suit：多指D合乎要求、口味、性格、情况‖等。 41.1.1 No dish suits all taste. A red jacket doesn’t match green trousers. appeal to = attract 吸引 apply for 申请 to 应用 hold /draw one’s attention42match：指D大小、色调、形状、性质等‖相配或相称 与…匹敌 =go with 42.1.143adoptsb：收养43.1.1 44sth：采用〖2010 安徽〗----How did you like Nick’s performance last night?44.1.1.1 45 46 A. appeal----To be honest, his singing didn’t _______to me much B . belong C refer D. occurappeal to 意为 D吸引‖；belong to 意为 D属于‖；refer to 意为 D提到；涉及‖；occur to 意为 D突然想到‖。 句意为 D她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。‖〖答案〗A 〖2010 江苏〗Thousands of foreigners were______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.4748 49 50A. attendedB. attainedC. attractedD. attached表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参加上海的世博会。 〖答案〗C 〖2009 浙江〗The good thing about children is that they _______ very easily to new environments.51 52A. adaptB. appealC. attachD. apply根据句意, D关于孩子们美好的事情就是孩子们能很容易适应新的环境‖。 adapt toD适应‖; appeal toD有吸引力, 有感染力；呼吁；求助于；上诉‖等; attach toD粘上, 附上‖; apply toD应用于, 适应于‖。 〖答案〗A 〖2008 辽宁〗You have to be a fairly good speaker to hour.? listeners’ interest for over an5354 55A.hold 〖答案〗AB.makeC.improveD.receivehold one’s interest 使某人保持兴趣。make 制造；做；improve 改善, 提升；receive 接收。 〖2008 天津〗Her shoes A.suit B.fit56 57 58they look very well together.? C.compare D.match句意为：她的鞋和衣服很搭配, 二者搭配看起来很不错。suit 指时间、口味等合乎需要； fit 指大小、尺寸合适；compare 比较, 对照；match 指颜色、款式等的搭配。 〖答案〗D 〖2004 全国Ⅰ〗―How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?? 59.1.1.1.1 ―That me fine.? C.satisfies D.suits5960 61A.fitsB.meets这四个词在汉语意思上很接近, fit 一般指衣服等的尺寸对某人很合适；meet 有 D满 足……的要求‖之意；satisfy 的意思是 D使……满意‖；suit 指样式、场合、方便等, 意 思是 D适合……的要求‖。答语的句意为：这约定正适合我。 〖答案〗D 〖2005 上海〗The company is starting a new advertising campaign to customers to its stores.62new63 64A.joinB.attractC.stickD.transfer句意为：为了把新的顾客吸引到店内, 公司开始了一场新的广告战。join 参加；stick 粘, 贴；固定在某处；transfer 转移；传给。 〖答案〗B 〖2012 高考模拟〗My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions. 65.1 A. treated B. adopted C. adjusted D. adapted adjust 强调, 调节, 使适应; The body adjusts itself to change of temperature. (身体能自行 调节以适应温度的变化。 本句中 adjust 是不及物动词。 must adjust my watch. It's slow. ) I6566(我必须调一下我的表。它走得慢了。) [答案] C. adjusted. 67 〖2010 陕西工大附中模拟〗Though the necklace is not made of real crystal, it still___ young people. 68 69 A. appeals to B. attracts to C. accounts for D. apply for考查动词短语的含义及语境。Appeal to 投合所好；attract to 吸引； account for 说明； apply for 应用。[答案] A 〖2012 高考押题〗The people who are out of work should ______ themselves to the new situation quickly.70A. fit DB. matchC. suitD. adapt71〖2012 高考押题〗―Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard? 71.1.1.1.1.1 ―No, dear. They don’t ________ well. Put them in the fridge instead. A. keep A B. fit C. get D. last72〖2012 高考押题〗Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does___his boss. A. B serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports73〖2012 高考押题〗―Will $200 ________ ? 73.1.1.1.1 ―I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars. satisfy C. fit D. do74A. DcountB.〖2012 高考押题〗Ladies and gentlemen, may I ___ your attention to me？I have an important announcement to make. 74.1 A. draw A B. attract C. pull D. drag75 a/an 76 a variety of… 多种多样的 77 an average of …平均 78 a distance of 距离 79 a lack of 缺乏 80 in the absence of 缺少 81 a waste of 浪费82 a wide range of 各种各样的= a variety of = different =various 83 a gang of 一伙 84 a matter of ….的问题85 86 affair 意为D事情、事件‖, 含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事；复数 affairs 一般指商业事 务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。 business 作D事务、事情‖解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所指派的任务、责任；有时说 的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。It’s none of your business.与你无关! 87 〖2010 湖北〗This restaurant has become popular for its wide tastes and pockets. 88 89 A. division B. area C. range D. circle D这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。‖ Da range of D强调一个系列, 而 Da wide range of‖意为 D‖。 正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句 子属于典型的 D从句套从句‖。 Dfor‖引导原因状语从句, Dthat‖引导定语从句。答案 C 90 〖2010 江西〗 Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year. 91 92 A average B number C amount D quantity of foods that suit alla number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可 以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。 〖答案〗A93〖2003 上海春〗More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great of goods. B.mixture C.bination94 95 96A.varietyDa great variety of‖意为 D品种繁多的‖。 〖答案〗A 〖2001 上海〗 the botanic garden we can find a(n)______of plants that range from tall trees In to small flowers.97 98 99A.speciesB.groupC.amountD.varietya variety of D多种多样的‖。 〖答案〗D 〖2004 全国Ⅲ〗The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles. B.distance C.way D.space100 A.length101 length 长度；distance 距离；way 道路；space 空间, 太空。根据句子的意思, 答案选 B 项, 指离那儿 60 英里远的地方。 〖答案〗B 102 〖2007 辽宁〗Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a____of exercise. 103 A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand104 a lack of 缺乏。句意为：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。 〖答案〗B 105 〖2012 高考押题〗In the of proof , the police could not take action against the man .106 A．lackB．shortageC．absenceD．failure107 shortage 缺乏, 无此搭配。&In the developed countries, there's a great shortage of labour / work force.& 发达国家劳动力非常缺乏。 〖答案〗C. in the absence of 缺少 108 〖2009 山东〗-------He says that my new car is a ______ of money. 108.1 109 A. lack -------Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes? B. load C. question D. waste110 lack 缺乏； load 负担； question 疑问； waste 浪费； 根据句意, 尤其是下句的 sour grapes(酸 葡萄)可知答案选 D。 111 〖2012 高考押题〗My knowledge of Hong Kong came only from some movies: a______ of criminals are pursued by the police in the narrow streets and then they have a fight. 112 A. group B. team C. class D. gang 113 AD组‖；BD队‖；CD种类，等级‖。 〖答案〗 DD一伙‖。 114 〖2007 山东〗I can’t say which wine is best C it’s a(n) _____ of personal taste. 115 A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety 116 a matter of 意为 D关于……的问题‖, a matter of principle 原则问题； matter of opinion 仁 a 者见仁, 智者见智。A 项意为 D政治事务, 私人业务‖；B 项意为 D重要事情、大事‖；D 项意为 D不同种类‖。a matter of ….是固定搭配。 〖答案〗C117 be able to do 能够……、 有能力……= be capable of sth.有能力做某事/ have the ability(能力)to do118 be about to do ...when 就要做某事时，突然…… / be about to do...when 时态问题及 如何解题 when 在这里的用法很特别，它是并列连词=and then――这一点很重要！记 住规律：was/were about to do...when sth. did...= ...was//were on the point of doing...when sth. did... 119 be absent from 不在、缺席 / 拓展:absent 是形容词, 反义词组 be present at 120 be absorbed in 沉迷于……、迷恋于…… 121 be active in 在……活跃 / be active in sth/doing sth 122 be admitted into 被......录取 / 拓展: be admitted to 加入， 被接纳， admitted into v. 许可进入(进入)，be admitted in audience 被接见 123 be afraid of doing 担心某事会发生 / 拓展:be afraid of sth./sb. 害怕某人(物)，be afraid that… 恐怕……， 口语中常用。 124 be after sth./sb. 找，追赶…… / go after 设法得到, take after 长得像。 125 be along with 和……一起 / get along with①进展, 走开, 别胡扯 ②.在...方面有进 be afraid to do 不敢去做,I'm afraid not.(=I don't think so.)展,进行③友好相处,和睦相处,取得进展;get on well with 与...相处的好 . 126 be an expert on/in/at sth. 在……是专家 127 be angry at sth. 因某事而生气 / be angry with sb. 生某人的气 128 be anxious about 为...而焦虑= be worried about / be anxious for =be eager for 渴 望 129 be ashamed of / to do sth 感到羞耻、惭愧 =be shy130 be (un) aware of (to do) sth. 意识到 = realize , notice 倾向于主动去注意 131 be away from 离……远 / be out of 是没有,在...之外的意思 / be far from:除了表示 距离的远离之外，还有远远不，完全不；决非之意，后接名词，动名词或形容词。如， He is far from a fool.他一点也不傻，这里的 be far from 为第二种意思。 132 〖2012 高考押题〗Judith lay on the small sofa, ________in her book. 133 A. being absorbed B. absorbed C. to absorb D. absorb134 朱迪思网在沙发上专心致志地看书.上面的句子 absorbed 前面省略了主语 Judith，可以 把它分为 2 个分句：Judith lay on the small sofa and Judith was absorbed in her book. 这样 就看明白。答案：B 135 〖2012 高考押题〗You should be ______ what you have done. 136 A. ashamed of B. ashamed to C.ashamed D. ashamed at137 你应为自己所做的事感到羞愧。be ashamed of 固定搭配，be ashamed to do；C，D 选项 没有此搭配。答案：A138 〖2009 全国卷 II〗 If you leave the club, you will not be 138.1 A. received B. admitted C. turnedback in . D. moved138.2 如果你离开俱乐部，你将不被允许返回。考查实义动词之间的区别(receive 收 到, admit 允许, turn 使转动以及 move 移动。) ,答案:B. 139 〖2012 高考押题〗What they be_________ is profit 139.1 A.for B. at C. after D. against 139.2 他们所追求的是利润。be for 支持，赞同，be after 追求，be against 反对。be at 忙于，专注于, 答案：C. 140 〖2012 高考押题〗I wish to _________ you all night. 140.1 A.be along with B. get on well with C. get along with D. along with 140.2 我希望整夜都与你在一起. be along with 和……一起，get on well with 和 get along with 与...相处；along with 是介词短语，不能直接放在不定式Dto‖的 后面。答案：A. 141 〖2007 全国卷〗 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone 141.1 A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to get out.142 尽管大火蔓延的很快，但是所有人都逃出来了.示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用 could。答案: D.143 〖2012 高考押题〗He's very________ about the results of the examinations. 144 A.anger B. eager C. anxious D. worry145 他很担心考试的结果。be angry about:因什么事情感到生气,而没有 be anger about 搭配， be eager for 盼望， 渴求； worried about 为……担心;e anxious about /for 为...而焦虑, 答 be 案：C.146 〖2012 高考押题〗I was about to do my homework ________my father came in. 146.1 A. as B. while C. when D. Once 146.2 我刚要做我的家庭作业， 我爸爸进来了。 about to do ...when 就要做某事时， be 突然……，是固定搭配。答案：C. 147 〖2012 高考押题〗He________ turn on the light . 147.1 A. will 案：B.148 〖2012 高考押题〗I do not profess to be_________ on that subject . 149 A. professional B. an expert C. specialist D. masterB. is about toC. is to doD. is going to147.2 他就要把灯打开。此题无时间状语，只有 be about to 后可不跟时间状语。.答150 professional 另有职业的意思，是指专业人员，专门从事某行业的人，而这个人在这个 行业里， 并不一定是专家高手。 master 比 expert 更 专业， 更专。 总的来说， professional 有些区别，specialist 和 Expert 没有很大的区别。 A.C.D.前应加不定冠词。答案：B151 唤起迅捷激情153 透过已知信息震撼学子心灵推断未知信息152 2012 高考英语完形圣经秘诀教案153.1.1.1.1 律！ 153.1.1.1.2 153.1.1.1.3不易策略，扫描选项，在万变中找到不变的规简易策略，瞻前顾后，化繁为简，化难为易！ 变易策略，左顾右盼，以变制变，熟能生巧！153.1.1.1.3.1.1.1 首尾段首尾句,边做边看选项中与中心同 现词或复现词!153.1.1.1.4 扫描选项同义词 / 同类词排除153.1.1.1.4.1.1.1 高频答案词 153.1.1.1.4.1.1.2 相反项有解154 155 思路 瞻前顾后同现 复现 155.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 逻辑结构156左顾右盼P 原则 156.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 关联结构157 技巧归纳: 感情色彩 时态暗示法 动词综合法(主语/宾语是人是物? 及不及物?过程还 是结果?......), ...... (略) 共 20 多项法则,交叉都指向同一个答案才最准确! 158 满分策略: 五四运动法 串线交叉法 主线贯穿法, ......(略)159 节选教案试看! 160 瞻前顾后 同现 复现 逻辑结构161 同现161.1 中心同现是指段落的首段的中心词或段落中反复出现的名词或名词词组,在被选 空格内的句子中也重复出现或与其意思倾斜向;词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配 范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说， 上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 161.1.1 首段首句一般都是中心句,名词是核对重点! Then , mountain --- climbing began to grow popular as a sport.161.1.1.1To some people, there is something greatly ___28____ about getting to the ___29____ of a high mountain: a struggle against nature is finer than a battle ___30____other human begins. And then , when you are at themountain top after a long and difficult ____31____, what a ___32____ reward ( 奖品 ) it is to be able to look ___33___ on everything within ___34____! At such time , you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel down ___35___. 与首尾句名词 动词 形容词 副词倾向! 161.2 28.A.excited 161.3 32.A.surprising B. interested B.excited C.dangerous C.disappointing D.terrible D.astonishing161.3.1.1Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listeningto the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her ___1___ concert. She had been waiting for this __2__ for years and years. DNow it is here at last,‖ she thought. DHow beautiful her ___3___ is.‖ 161.4 The song made her ___4___ to the days when she was Lauren’s ___5___. As a young ___6___, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied ___7___ in France, Italy and in the United States. DYou can become a fine ___8___ in the future,‖ her teachers told her. DBut you must be ___9___ to study hard and work for many years. 161.5 3. A. voice 161.6 7. A. French 161.7 8. A. actress B. face B. music B. student C. dress C. piano C. singer 161.7.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 161.7.2 D. life D. dance D. dancer K抓住中心意思-----围绕什么话题 (在文章中出现频率最多的词) Every Thursday afternoon, my art history class meets not in our161.7.2.1usual lecture hall ( 演讲厅 ) but in our university Art Museum. We spend our one-hour class discussing two or there of the ___1___, many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class. The professor begins by selecting one ___2___ of art. After giving us a quick background on the artist , he will open up for class ___3___. 161.8 1. A. subjects B. paintings C. speeches D. lectures161.8.1仅有技巧和词汇是不够的,高频答案词及短语,是突破的关键!但相当多的具体情况和难以处理的选项,做起来还是有些吃力,怎么 办? 161.8.2 吴军老师刚刚出炉的 2012 高考英语完形暗示点全归纳将使您傲视群雄!161.8.3 宾语从句是特殊疑问句 WH-或 whether/if 时,要选下列动词:161.8.4 ask, doubt, wonder, want to know, know, guess 161.8.5 答题选动词:161.9 〖2011?全国新课标卷〗The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a 38 how many large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to beans the jar contained. After 39shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor answer, and went on saying, “Yousmiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 have just 41 161.10 161.11 an important lesson about science. B. guess38. A．countC. reportD. watch考察动词，或根据后文 wildly wrong guesses 的提示，考虑复现选 B。161.11.1 161.12反过来选 WH-或 whether/if:41 there were〖2011?安徽卷〗One afternoon. I walked into a building to askany job opportunities(机会)，The people there advised me not to continue my job search in that 42 . 161.13 41. A. why 161.13.1.1.1 B. wherever C. whether D. whenever作者走进一座大楼去问D是否‖(whether)有自己能做的工作。选 C。A 项为D为什么‖；B 项为D无论在那‖；D 项为D无 论何时‖161.13.2 怎么样?这样做题快吗?161.13.3 为了让您更加深信不疑,我们再免费发布一个法则,你可以马 上用下列真题或你学校的模拟练习题来验证一下,好使,就要赶紧 预定呦!每省仅限定 10 套,额满即!止161.13.4 正面的,积极的,肯定的, 还是负面的,消极的,否定的?161.13.4.1 DI’m sorry, but we have enough 27 for the newspaper already. 28 and left. Come back next year and we’ll talk then.‖ Jenna smiled DWhy is high school so 29 ?‖ she sighed.161.13.4.1.1.1.1.1.1 叹气 sighed 说明是勉 强的,选消极的 weakly161.1428. A. widelyB. weaklyC. excitedlyD.brightly161.15 161.16◆Tired and sad,she told her story 38.A.tearfully B.seriously38,not to anyone in particular. C.carefully D.calmly161.16.1.1It seems funny that we are _40_ for things, with which we areunfamiliar or about which we are _41_, but we all, my friends as well as I, consider this one of life’s _42_ . 161.17 41. A. uncertain B. unhappy C. not pleased D.careful161.18〖2011?四川卷〗I truly feel that my mother led me here, to Morzaine, and to my 21 in October 2007, Ifuture as a happy wife and businesswoman. When Mumwas a cook.. In December that year. while I was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace Mum had left me I was 23 22 . I was distraught 忧心如焚的） （ .Some days later,that a guy who was working with us that day. Dcould probably have \24 he necklace he found.‖ 25 , he returned it. B. disappeared C . broke D. droppedmade a fortune 161.19 161.20 22.A. burned22 空就近 distraught（忧心如焚的）是负的,只有 disappear 是负的；burn 燃烧；break 打破；drop 降低，落下。有后文的我感到D忧心如焚‖及D归还‖（return）可 知此处是指项链丢失了。B161.21 〖2011?安徽卷〗Nearly ten minutes later, he 45, He asked me about my plans andencouraged me to stay积极的!46. Then he offered to take me to Royal Oak to 47 a job.161.21.1I was a little surprised. but had a48feeling about him. Along the way ,Irealized that I had 49 resumes(简历). Seeing this, the man 50 at his business partner’s office to make me fifteen 51 copies. He also gave me some 52 ondressing and speaking. I handed out my resumes and went home feeling very 53 . The following day, I received a 54 from a store in Royal Oak offering me a job. 161.22 46. A. silent B. busy C. positive D.comfortable 161.23 他问了问我的打算，鼓励我要振作起来，不要灰心。选 C。A 项为D沉默不语的‖；B 项为D忙绿的‖；C 项为D积极乐观的，有信心的‖；D 项为D舒适的，舒服 的‖。 161.24 48. A. dull B. good C. guilty D.general161.25作者对他的主动帮助感到有点惊奇，但是对他充满了D好感‖ (good feeling)。选B。A 项为D阴暗的，无趣的‖；C 项为D内疚的‖；D 项为D一般的，普通的‖。 161.26 53. A. lonely B. funny C. disappointed D.satisfied 161.27 我分发完简历回到家感到非常D满意‖(satisfied)。选 D。A 项为D寂寞的，孤独的‖；B 项为D滑稽的，可笑的‖；C 项为D失望的，沮丧的‖。161.28〖2011? 四川卷〗 Some days later, I was , he returned it. Hearing how I’d 26 2723that a guy who was working with 24 the necklace he found.‖us that day. Dcould probably have made a fortune 25 said, DChristmas is going to be weeks? 161.29 161.30 27.A.long B. hard C. merryMum for six months before her death, he―why not go out to the Alps for a couple ofD. freedeath.在 27 空附近是负的,B 项对应。在万家团圆的圣诞节，母亲刚去世，对我来说一定很难熬。B 161.31 吴军英语高分密码真的有这么神奇吗？是！一点儿没错！效果是绝对的真实！ 作为一种标准化考试，选择题本身是有很多缺陷的,这些缺陷就是暗示点，就是 解题的突破口!吴军英语高分密码通过对历年真题的长时间的研究，对这些暗示 点进行了全面、深入、细致的挖掘和整理,将其转化为超级解题秘诀! 161.32 每一个秘诀的准确率都在 95%以上，甚至是 100% 吴军英语高分密码,真正做到了立竿见影！甚至是一剑封喉！马上用吴军英语高分密码对照历年所有的高考 真题进行逐一的验证吧! 遇到吴军老师，您太幸运了！ 161.33 请上
或上百度,输入&沈阳高分英语家教吴军&查询!161.34 现在预定吴军 2012 高考英语高分秘诀系统 教案162 巨划算！162.1 2012 高考英语完形圣经秘诀教案 162.2 2012 高考英语 3 天提分秘诀教案 162.3 2012 高考英语高频答案词汇教案 原价 3200 元 原价 6000 元 原价 5000 元 现5折 现6折 现5折 1600 元 3600 元 2500 元162.4 2012 年 4 月初恢复原价！163 “值”言不讳164我们是高考高分英语的实践者；“笑”益无穷迎接 2012 高考，我们信 加 油， Come165我们是高考快速提分的挑战者；166 我 们 是 一 群 眼 界 开 阔 的 国 际 人 ！ on!欢!)166.1.2心十足！166.1.1 情人的眼：十本金牌教案 =火箭式提分！(好喜冬天的梅花，非常耀眼.其实，梅花开的并不艳丽，只是因为你喜欢她，所以才心明眼亮.如果到了百花盛开的春天，你能身在 花丛眼不花，还能看到淡淡素素的梅花吗？? 166.1.3 高考英语也经常遇到这种情景， 有时已知条件非常之多， 提供 的信息诱惑也非常之泛.此时，你能“情有独钟”地筛选出你需要 的她吗？?166.1.4 诗人的心：洞穿作者、命题人思维轨迹！(高考漏题啦?!)166.2 七品芝麻官， 说的是这个官很小， 就是芝麻那么小的一点. 《阿里巴巴》 用“芝麻开门” ，讲的是“以小见大”. 就是那点芝麻，竟把那个庞然 大门给“点”开了. 以点成线、以点带面、两线交点、三线共点、还有 顶点、焦点、极限点等等，足以说明“点”的重要性. 要有诗人般的细 心和灵感,发现这些隐藏起来的点!166.2.1 英雄的胆： 敢于呐喊， 考试有捷径！ 为时不晚!) (166.3 西餐宴上， 摆着漂亮的什锦比萨. 众人虽然都在称好， 但没有一人动手. 原来这东西罩在一个透明的“玻璃盒”里，不知从哪儿打开，大家只 好故作谦让，互相叫“请”.? 166.4 一小孩不顾礼节，拿着餐刀往“盒”上直戳，七戳，八戳，戳到了“玻 璃盒”的花纹处，此时盒子竟像莲花一样自动地启开了. 大家惊喜，夸这孩子有见识. 其实，这孩子的成功在他的“敢于一试” ，在试试中碰 到了盒子的入口.? 166.5 高考英语何尝没遇上这种情境？我们有时苦心焦虑地寻找破题的入 口，其实，自己此时正站在入题的大门口前，只是不敢动手一试.吴军 和张勇强老师不过是在日以继夜的研究教学过程中,发现了迅捷提分和 满分密码的入口,进入后,不断的深入而已!166.5.1侠客的剑: 推助满分的力量! (棒极了!)关羽不同于诸葛. 诸葛是智星，靠着扇子；关羽是武士，用的166.5.2大刀. “过关斩将”用这大刀， “水淹七军”用这大刀. 关羽的“切 瓜分片”是什么意思？切者，七刀也，分者，八刀也！再难的高考 英语完形和阅读题，经过这七刀、八刀，最后不就粉碎了吗！强军 高考英语暗示点全归纳,高频答案词一本通,阅读矩阵法则，完型胜 经等 7 刀 8 剑将助您“过关斩将” ！167速度比完美更重要思路比题海要有效168 2012 高考英语阅读思维重现法则169强军英语满分体系主编:张