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Autonomy in language teaching and learning
State-of-the-artarticle
Autonomyinlanguageteachingandlearning
PhilBensonHongKongInstituteofEducationpbenson@ied.edu.hk
Therehasbeenaremarkablegrowthofinterestinthetheoryandpracticeofautonomyinlanguageteachingandlearninginrecentyears.Focusingonworkpublishedsincetheturnofthe20thcentury,thisreviewexaminesmajortrendsintherecentliteratureonautonomyrelatedtotheemergenceofalternativeviewsofautonomy,newcontextsofpracticeandinteractionwithconceptssuchasself-regulation,motivation,socioculturaltheoryandteacherdevelopment.Thereviewalsocoversrelevantdevelopmentsinthephilosophyofautonomyandtheroleofautonomyinglobaleducationalpolicyandreform.Itconcludesbydiscussingpossibledirectionsforfutureresearchinthefield.
oShortsummaryarticlesappearinginencyclopediasandhandbooks(Little2000a;Bensona;Wright2005)andontheweb(Thanasoulas2000;Little2002a),includingentriesonlearnerautonomyintheonlineMacmillanEnglishDictionary(2002)andWikipedia(2006b).
oGuidesforteachersandlearnersfocusingonauto-nomyandindependentlearning(Scharle&Szab?o2000;Fernandez-Toro&Jones2001;Hurd&Murphy2005).
oChaptersonautonomyingeneralguidestolanguageteaching(Hedge2000;Harmer2001;Kumaravadivelu2003)andinmorespecializedwork,suchasNation(2001)onvocabulary,Thornbury(2005)onspeaking,D¨ornyei(2001a)onmotivation,White(2003)ondistancelearningandLittlemore&Low(2006)onfigurativethinking.
oPapersonautonomyappearingincollectionscove-ringtopicsnotdirectlyrelatedtoautonomy,inclu-dingaffect(Aoki1999),communicativelanguageteaching(Schalkwijketal.2002),languagepolicy(Lamb2000b;Lamb&Reinders2005),CALL(Blin1999;Healy1999;Hoven1999;Wachman1999;Little2001;Littlemore2001),ELT(Holliday2005)andEAP(Lynch2001).Holmberg,Shelley&White’s(2005)bookondistancelanguagelearningandJim?enezRaya&Lamb’s(2003)bookondiffer-entiationbothincludeseveralchaptersonautonomy.
1.Introduction
InBenson(2001),Ireviewedtheliteratureonauto-nomyinlanguageteachingandlearningfromits
originsinthemid-1970suptotheendofthe20thcentury.Sincetheturnofthecentury,however,interestinautonomyhasgrownconsiderably.ConferenceshavebeenheldinEurope,Asia,AustralasiaandLatinAmericaandattheAILA2005WorldCongressnolessthan36contributionsfrom18countrieswerelistedundertheheadingofautonomy.Intermsofsheerquantity,theliteratureonautonomypublishedsince2000exceedstheliteraturepublishedovertheprevious25years.Focusingontherecentliterature,thepresentreviewexploreshowthisgrowinginterestinautonomyisinfluencingtheoryandpractice,leadingtotheemergenceofnewdirectionsinresearch.Asidefromcontributionstomajorjournals,recentpublicationsonautonomyinlanguageeducationinclude:
oMorethan20booklengthpublicationsonauto-nomy,includingcollaborativeprojects(Little,Ridley&Ushioda;Barfield&Nix2003;vanEsch&St.John2003),journalspecialissues(Victori2000;Dam2001),collectionsfromconferences(Karlsson,Kjisik&Nordlund2000;Rib?e2000;Sinclair,McGrath&Lamb2000;Benson&Toogood2002;Mackenzie&McCafferty2002;Vieiraetal.2002;Reindersetal.2004;Benson2006b;Gardner2006;Lamb&Reinders2006;Miller2006)andcollectionsofcommissionedpapers(Mozzon-McPherson&Vismans2001;Lewis&Walker2003;Palfreyman&Smith2003;Lamb&Reinders2007).
Thenarrativethreadthattiesthisreviewtogetheris,therefore,oneofagrowthofinterestinautonomythathasreachedapointwhereithasbeguntoover-flowthebanksofthespecialistliterature.Particularconcernsincludethewaysinwhichconceptionsofautonomyarechangingwithinourfield,andthewaysinwhichnewconceptionsofautonomyfitinwithbroaderdevelopmentsinlanguageteaching
PHILBENSONisanAssociateProfessorinEnglishattheHongKongInstituteofEducationandformerlylecturedattheUniversityofHongKong.HeistheauthorofTeachingandresearchingautonomyinlanguagelearning(Longman,2001)andhasco-editedthreebooksandpublishednumerouspapersonautonomy.HehasalsopublishedworkonlifehistoryresearchinlanguagelearningandWorldEnglishes.
PhilBenson,EnglishDepartment,HongKongInstituteofEducation,10LoPingRoad,TaiPo,NewTerritories,HongKong.pbenson@ied.edu.hk
Lang.Teach.40,21–40.doi:10.PrintedintheUnitedKingdomCambridgeUniversityPress
Downloaded: 12 Jun 2011IP address: 211.66.110.190
第1 / 20页根据句子意思，用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填空。(每空一词)1. Zhang Ziyi is one of my favourite _______(act).2. I hope you think that my advice is worth _______ (take).3. Would you mind _____
(解释)this problem to me ?4. The teacher gave me many good ____
_(建议)on my English study.5. I feel sad when I think of my cat's
.(死)6. We are very thankful to the ________(目击者) who have given us lots of useful clues.7. He has s_______ story - books, you can borrow one from him.8. B_______ is a lake, why not go swimming in it?9. A_______, you ought to finish it this week. 10. I am a teacher in high school. Teaching is my c_______.11. Some computer games have a bad
( affect ) on people, especially teenagers.12. There are only 2 days left, we had better talk
( little ) and do more.13. Our English teacher treats everyone equally. He is a f
person.14. There are several ways to solve this problem. Let's have a
(讨论)now.15. His fans rushed towards him
(short) after the match.
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根据句子意思，用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填空。(每空一词)1. Zhang Ziyi is one of my favourite _______(act).2. I hope you think that my advice is worth _______ (take).3. Would you mind _____
(解释)this problem to me ?4. The teacher gave me many good ____
_(建议)on my English study.5. I feel sad when I think of my cat's
.(死)6. We are very thankful to the ________(目击者) who have given us lots of useful clues.7. He has s_______ story - books, you can borrow one from him.8. B_______ is a lake, why not go swimming in it?9. A_______, you ought to finish it this week. 10. I am a teacher in high school. Teaching is my c_______.11. Some computer games have a bad
( affect ) on people, especially teenagers.12. There are only 2 days left, we had better talk
( little ) and do more.13. Our English teacher treats everyone equally. He is a f
person.14. There are several ways to solve this problem. Let's have a
(讨论)now.15. His fans rushed towards him
(short) after the match.
根据句子意思，用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填空。(每空一词)1. Zhang Ziyi is one of my favourite _______(act).2. I hope you think that my advice is worth _______ (take).3. Would you mind _____
(解释)this problem to me ?4. The teacher gave me many good ____
_(建议)on my English study.5. I feel sad when I think of my cat's
.(死)6. We are very thankful to the ________(目击者) who have given us lots of useful clues.7. He has s_______ story - books, you can borrow one from him.8. B_______ is a lake, why not go swimming in it?9. A_______, you ought to finish it this week. 10. I am a teacher in high school. Teaching is my c_______.11. Some computer games have a bad
( affect ) on people, especially teenagers.12. There are only 2 days left, we had better talk
( little ) and do more.13. Our English teacher treats everyone equally. He is a f
person.14. There are several ways to solve this problem. Let's have a
(讨论)now.15. His fans rushed towards him
(short) after the match.
科目:最佳答案见解析解析1. actresses
3. explaining
4. suggestions
6. witnesses
7. several
10. career
11. affection
12. little
13. favorite
14. talk 15. shortly知识点:&&基础试题拔高试题热门知识点最新试题
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