已解决问题
强直性脊柱炎是不治之症么？
看电影了，电影里有人说强直性脊柱炎了，话说病必须截肢？有木有？这种病倒是发作在哪里？腿？腰？
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最满意答案
强直性脊柱炎治疗的目的在于控制炎症，减轻疼痛缓解症状，维持正常姿势和最佳功能位置，防止畸形。要达到上述目的，必须早发现早治疗，采取综合措施进行治疗。
治疗强直性脊柱炎的医院有很多，大多都是采用中药保守治疗，一般中早期的患者都是可以得到治愈的，如果患者是中早期的病情，早去正规的医院早做治疗，早期是关键，以免错过最佳的治疗时期。
治疗强直性脊柱炎采用中医中药中药治疗的优势在于可以针对病因彻底治疗，从而实现强直性脊柱炎的标本兼治，劣势在于起效比较的慢，需要患者从生活的各个方面去积极配合，每天坚持功能锻炼等，只有这样才可以有一个满意的疗效。
希望对您有所帮助，祝您早日康复！
答案创立者
以企业身份回答&
强直性脊柱炎是一种慢性炎性疾病，主要侵犯骶髂关节、脊柱骨突、脊柱旁软组织及外周关节，并可伴发关节外表现。临床主要表现为腰、背、颈、臀、髋部疼痛以及关节肿痛，严重者可发生脊柱畸形和关节强直。
由于有一邻居才28岁，得了强直性脊柱炎，所以特意了解了一下强直性脊柱炎，这个病没有根治的办法，邻居的妻子带着儿子离开了，生活不能自理，平时由50多岁的母亲照顾，他的母亲到处打听哪里能医治强直性脊柱炎，当地医治这个病的大医院、小诊所都走遍了，还是没有医好这个病。
强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis，AS）是一种慢性炎性疾病，主要侵犯骶髂关节、脊柱骨突、脊柱旁软组织及外周关节，并可伴发关节外表现。临床主要表现为腰、背、颈、臀、髋部疼痛以及关节肿痛，严重者可发生脊柱畸形和关节强直。
& 非药物治疗
　①对患者及其家属进行疾病知识的教育是整个治疗计划中不可缺少的一部分，有助于患者主动参与治疗并与医师的合作。。
　②劝导患者要谨慎而不间断地进行体育锻炼，以取得和维持脊柱关节的最好位置，增强椎旁肌肉和增加肺活量，其重要性不亚于药物治疗。
&③站立时应尽量保持挺胸、收腹和双眼平视前方的姿势。坐位也应保持胸部直立。应睡硬板床，多取仰卧位，避免促进屈曲畸形的体位。
&④减少或避免引起持续性疼痛的体力活动。定期测量身高。保持身高记录是防止不易发现的早期脊柱弯曲的一个好措施。
&⑤炎性关节或其他软组织的疼痛选择必要的物理治疗。
& 药物治疗
　（一） 一般药物
　1．非甾体抗炎药：这一类药物可迅速改善患者腰髋背部疼痛和发僵，减轻关节肿胀和疼痛及增加活动范围，无论早期或晚期AS患者的症状治疗都是首选的。
　2．柳氮磺吡啶：该药可改善AS的关节疼痛、肿胀和发僵，并可降低血清IgA水平及其他实验室活动性指标，特别适用于改善AS患者的外周关节炎。
&& 3.甲氨蝶呤：活动性AS患者经柳氮磺吡啶和非甾类抗炎药治疗无效时，可采用甲氨蝶呤。
& 4．来氟米特：本药对AS的外周关节炎疗效较佳，有个别报道亦能减轻骶髂关节炎症的进展，该药在临床上主要用于AS的脊柱外表现的治疗。
　5．糖皮质激素：临床上常简称为&激素&。少数病例即使用大剂量抗炎药也不能控制症状时，甲泼尼龙15 mg&kg-1&d-1冲击治疗，连续3天，可暂时缓解疼痛。
　6．沙利度胺（thalidomide，反应停）：一些难治性AS患者应用后，临床症状、ESR及CRP均明显改善。
& 7．中医中药：中国传统的针灸疗法及中药对AS有一定治疗作用。
（二） 生物制剂
& 1．依那西普（Etanercept）：是将编码人TNF p75受体可溶性部分的DNA与编码人IgG1Fc段分子的DNA连接后在哺乳动物细胞系表达的融合蛋白，它能可逆性地与TNF-&结合，竞争性抑制TNF-&与TNF受体位点的结合。
& 2．英夫利西单抗（Infliximab）：是人/鼠嵌合的抗TNF-&特异性IgG1单克隆抗体。
& 3．阿达木单抗（Adalimumab）：是一个全人源化的抗TNF-&特异性IgG1单克隆抗体。推荐用法为皮下注射40mg，每2周1次。
　应强调指出的是，在临床上表现的轻重程度差异较大，有的患者病情反复持续进展，有的长期处于相对静止状态，可以正常工作和生活。但是，发病年龄较小，髋关节受累较早，反复发作虹膜睫状体炎和继发性淀粉样变性，诊断延迟，治疗不及时和不合理，以及不坚持长期功能锻炼者预后较差。尽管生物制剂的出现令本病的预后已经有了较大改观，但本病仍是一种慢性进展性疾病， 难于彻底根治，应在专科医师指导下长期随诊。
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400 Bad RequestAs 的主要用法和判别
英语里的 as 是一个比较常见、用法繁多的词。它和其它词的搭配关系也很广泛。现归纳为以下几种作用。至于它的特殊用法, 即在各种固定词组里的用法, 我们打算在下一个专题讨论（见本节后面 As 在各种句型和固定词组里的用法）。
一、as 用作关系代词, 引出定语从句
I. such … as 像 … 这（那）样的, 像 … 之类的。as 和 such 连用, such 在下列句子里作定语用, 说明主句里的某个名词。as 所引导的定语从句修饰前面的名词, 而 as 本身在从句里, 可能是主语、宾语或表语。
We Will give you such data as will help you in your work. 我们要提供给你们那种对你们工作有帮助的资料。（as 作从句里的主语。）
He is not such a man as would leave his work half done. 他并不是一个做事半途而废的那种人。（as 作从句里的主语, half done 作宾语补语。）
I hope to get such a tool as he repaired this instrument with. 我希望能够得到一个像他用来修理这个仪器的那类工具。（as 作 with 的宾语, 这个介词短语作状语。）
II. the same … as 和 … 同样的
This is the same tool as I used yesterday. 这和我昨天所使用的工具是相同的。（as 作从句的宾语）
I should like to use the same instrument as is used in your workshop. 我想用你们车间里所用的同样的仪器。（as 作从句的主语。）
He is not the same man as he was. 他和过去不同了。（as 作从句的表语。）
Molecular weights are expressed in the same units as atomic weights. 分子量以原子量所用的相同单位表示之。（as 作关系副词, 定语从句内省略了与主句相同的谓语 are expressed。）
If one object is charged with the same kind of electricity as appears on another nearby, the two objects will repel each other. 如果一个物体带有与它邻近的物体上所出现的同种类的电荷, 这两个物体会相互排斥。（as 作从句的主语。）
This is the same instrument as we stand in need of. 这正是我们迫切需要的那种仪表。（as 作介词 of 的宾语。）
The Chinese people are not the same as they were before. 中国人民跟以前不同了。
Radio waves travel at the same speed as light in empty space or in air. 在空洞洞的宇宙和空气申, 无线电波的传播速度和光速相同。
They do the same job as we do. 他们干的是和我们相同的工作。
Heat radiation is of the same nature as light, X-rays and radio waves. 热辐射就其性质而言, 是和光、X光及无线电波相同的。
注：注意“… same as”有时发展到接近于 just as 引出方式状语从句的用法。例如：
She has put her energy into literature — same as you have put yours into computers. 正如你把全部精力投入计算机那样, 她也把全部精力投入到文学了。
III. as many … as, as much … as（分别用于可数和不可数名词）如 … 一般多；如此之多；凡 … 的 … 都
As many instruments as are in the laboratory have been made most use of. 实验室里那么多的仪器都已充分利用了。（as 作从句的主语）
There are as many books as are needed. 凡是需要的书都有了。（as 作从句的主语）
He has as many books on information technology as I have. 他拥有的信息技术书和我拥有的同样多。（as 在从句中作宾语）
Here is a jar of distilled water. You may use as much as you need. 这里有一大瓶蒸馏水, 你需要多少就可以用多少。（as 在从句中作宾语）
These generators supply only half as much energy as required. 这些发电机只供应所需能量的一半。（第二个 as 在从句中作主语, 其后省略了 is。）
下句中可把 as（指第二个 as）理解为引出相比较的具体内容：
He is a man to whom work means as much as life. 他是一个把工作看作和生命一样重要的人。（to whom… 也为定语从句。）
As much as half a foot of snow has fallen in Tianjin. 天津已下了半英尺厚的雪。
At this weather analysis center, as many as 35 different charts were constructed for a given time. 当时在这个气象分析中心要为同一个规定的时间绘制多达 35 种不同的图表。
Ⅳ. 关系代词 as 代替整个主句, 并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语之用。as 引出的从句为非限制性定语从句。
As (is) announced in today&s papers, they have succeeded in solving many problems in accordance with the new theory. 据今天报纸发表, 他们已根据新的理论成功地解决了许多问题。（as 在从句中作主语。）
As is often the case, we have overfulfilled the production plan. 像往常情况一样, 我们又超额完成了生产计划。（as 在从句中作主语。)
As we know, materials expand and contract with the increase and decrease of temperature. 我们都知道, 材料随温度升降而胀缩。（as 在从句中作宾语。）
This machine, as might be expected, has stopped operating. 正如所料, 这台机器已停止运转。 （as 在从句中作主语。)
She rises early and takes a walk every morning, as is usual with her. 她每天早晨早起散步, 这对她已习以为常了。（同上, 但 as 表示整个主句意思。）
As is very natural, man can&t live without air and water. 人没有空气和水就不能生存, 这是当然之事。（全部同上。）
The size of the audience, as we had expected, was well over one thousand. 听众人数, 正不出我们预料, 大大超过一千人。（as 代表主句意思, 在从句中作宾语。）
If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, we’ll not receive him. 如果他再次像往常那样迟到, 我们就不予以接待。（as 表示条件从句内的 he comes late。）
Are these two totally different things, having no interconnection, as is often implied？这些是否是通常所指的没有内在联系的两个完全不同的东西？（as 在从句中作主语。现在分词短语 having no interconnection 作非限制性定语, 说明前面的 things。）
代替整个主句的关系代词 as, 常见于下列从句：
as has been said before 如上所述
as may be imagined 如可想像出来的那样
as is well known 众所周知
as we all can see 正如我们大家都能看到的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as will be shown in Fig. 5 将如图 5 所示
as has been explained in the preceding paragraph 如在上段里已解释了的那样
as has been already pointed out 正如已指出的那样注：上述句子按语法分析为非限制性定语从句, 但翻译时一般可译为“如…”、“像…”、“正如…”等.
Ⅴ. as 有时代替主句里的表语意思, 并在从句中作表语
Internet access is very simple, as indeed it is. 网上访问很简单, 它实际上的确是这样. (as 代替 simple。)
Gasoline is combustible, as are all of the liquids listed in the following section. 汽油是易燃的, 下一节里所列举的那些液体也都是易燃。（as 代替 combustible。)
He is a brave man, as are all other members of his family. 像他家庭其他成员一样, 他也很勇敢。
An atom is not a solid spherical particle, as it was once thought to be. 原子并不像人们曾经认为的那样是刚性球粒。（as
代替 a solid spherical particle, 在从句中作 to be 后的表语, 并和 to be 一起作主语补语。）
Dr. Ouyang is a large-hearted man, as the large-minded men are apt to be. 欧阳博士是个慷慨的人, 而心胸开阔的人往往都是这样。
She thinks my answer incorrect, as it probably is. 她认为我的答案不对, 也许我的答案就是不对。（as 相当于 incorrect。)
Now many young people wish to be scientists, as it is quite possible for them to be on condition that they work hard. 目前许多青年都想当科学家。只要他们刻苦努力, 这大有可能如愿以偿的。
二、as 作关系副词, 引出定语从句
He answered with the same simplicity as he asked. 他回答和提问, 都是同样的直率简洁。
We repaired the air conditioner (in) the same way as he did. 我们采取和他同样的方法去修理那台空调器。
We go the same way as they do. 我们和他们走同样一条路。
A magnetic field maybe represented in the same manner as an electric field. 磁场可采用和电场同样的办法表示出来。(定语从句内谓语省略。）
以上例句里的 with the same simplicity, the same way, in the same manner 等词组在主句里都是状语, 而 as 所代替的也就是这些词组, 所以 as 是关系副词。
三、such as, as such 和 as that 的用法
I. “名词, + such as…”这里 such as 是复合连接词, 引出同位语, 以对前面的名词起列举作用。可译为“例如”。
There are different forms of energy, such as heat energy, sound energy, electric energy, and chemical energy. 有各种不同的能, 例如热能、声能、电能和化学能。
Soft materials, such as cloth, do not carry sounds so well as wood, iron and other solids. 像布那样柔软的材料, 不如木材、铁和其它固体东西传导声音那样好。
II. “… such as”这里 such 是代词, 作“这样的人、事、物”讲, as 是关系代词, 引出定语从句。
This book is not such as I expect. 这不是一本像我所希望的书。（such 是代词作表语用, 是 as 的先行词。）
比较：This is not such a book as I expect. (句义同上, 但 such 作定语用。)
I will explain this phenomenon to such as would like to know it. 我要对那些愿意了解这种现象的人解释。(such 是代词, 作“这样的人”讲。)
上句中 to such 表示“给这样的人”，作状语，但表示间接宾语的含义，而 as 引出的定语从句说明 such, as 是从句主语。
The new type of space shuttle was made last week, such as none of us had seen before. 这种新型的航天飞机上周制成, 像这样的飞机过去我们中间谁也没有见过。
III. as such 作“像这样的人、事、物”、“作为这样的人、事、物”、“以 … 资格、名义、身份“、“因而”讲。
We agree to the plan as such. 我们同意像这样的计划。
He is an old worker, and is respected as such. 他是一位老工人, 因而受到尊敬。（或译为：受到老工人应该受到的尊敬。）
四、用连词 as 等引出状语从句
Ⅰ. 时间状语从句连词 as 正当…的时候, 随着…
He came up as I was speaking. 我正在说话的时候，他来了。
As the piston moves down, the pressure in the cylinder decreases. 当活塞下移时, 汽缸里的压力减小。
We cannot see sound waves as they travel through air. 声波在空气申传播时, 我们是看不见的。
As a little girl she began to operate a computer. 她还是个小女孩时就开始操作计算机。（ as 后省略了 she was。)
The volume varies as the temperature rises. 体积随温度升高而变。
注 1：由 as long as 或 as long as 引出的时间状语从句可参阅第
&#x, 而由 as soon as 引出的时间状语从句可参阅第
&#x。注 2：还可用 as and when 表示“当…时”, 主要用来指一件不肯定的将来的事或一个行动。例如：They will decide on their team as and when they qualify for the competition. 当他们有资格参加比赛时将决定其球队的组成。
II. 原因状语从句连词 as 或 in as much as 由于, 因为
As this problem is of great interest, we will discuss it once again. 因为这个问题很有意义, 所以我们再讨论一次。
As they had forgotten your address, they did not know how to get in touch with you. 由于忘记了你的地址, 他们（当时）不知如何跟你取得联系.
In as much as it is raining hard, I won&t go for a walk. 由于正下大雨, 我就不去散步了。
III. 让步状语从句连词 as 虽然, 尽管, 无论
Busy as he is, he studies English very hard. 尽管他忙, 他还是努力学习英语。
Small as atoms are, electrons are still（或 even）smaller. 原子虽然很小, 但电子更小。
Much as I should like to see you, I am afraid you could not have any free time. 虽然我特别愿意看见你, 但恐怕你不可能有空余时间。
Child as he is, he knows something of electricity. 他虽然还是个小孩, 但他懂得一些电学知识。（注意在本句型中, 作表语用的可数名词单数前不能加冠词 a。）
Try as you may, you will not succeed. 虽然你可以试试, 但不会成功。
Study as he may, he won&t get good marks, because his method of studying is not scientific. 虽然可以学习, 但他得不了好分数, 因为他的学习方法不科学。
这种让步状语从句的特点：把从句里的表语（第一、二、四句）、状语（第三句中的 much）或实义动词（第六句中的 study）提前, 紧跟着就是 as, 然后再跟随其它成分。
必须注意, 本句型偶尔可用于表示原因状语从句。只能根据上下文来判别。如果主句和从句之间在意义上有转折, 则从句为让步状语从句；如果主句和从句有因果关系, 则从句为原因状语从句。例如：
a. Old as he is, he dares the dangers of icy north。虽然他老了, 但仍敢于冒北方冰寒的危险。b. Old as he is, he has to go to bed early. 因为他老了, 他不得不早去睡觉。
Ⅳ. 比较状语从句
A. 一般比较（从句内常省略与主语相同的成分）
(a) as … as 和……一样（或同样）的…[注意：这里第一个 as 是副词, 作“一样”讲；第二个 as 是连词, 作“如同”、“像”讲。]
This line is as long as that one (is). 这条线和那条线同样长。
本句也可写成：This line is no less long than that one. 但是注意 as long as 还可用于条件状语从句。
Dying is as natural as living. 死和生一样, 都是自然现象。（意译）
He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。
Wheel A revolves as fast as wheel B. A 轮和 B 轮旋转得同样快。
This is just as important an experiment as that. 这个实验和那个实验正好同样重要。
The speed of sound in water is about four times as great as in air. 声音在水中的速度比在空气中大三倍左右。（直译：…… 速度是在空气中的四倍左右。）
The temperature in the tower is as high as 500°C. 塔内温度高达500℃。
The art of paper-making was discovered as early as 1800 years ago. 远在一千八百年前就发明了造纸法。
He is as diligent as (he is) honest. 他又诚实又勤奋。
The garden is as still as still (can be). 这座花园再寂静不过了。
Her answer is as plain as plain can be. 她的答复再明白也没有了。
Einstein was as great a scientist as any（或 anybody）(else). 爱因斯坦是一位少有的伟大科学家
(b)not so as 不如（或没有）……那样……
Line AB is not so long as line CD. AB 线不如 CD 线（那样）长。
Wheel A does not revolve so fast as wheel B. A 轮没有 B 轮旋转那样快。
Man uses some non-metals not so widely as metals. 人类使用某些非金属，不如金属那样广泛。
Nothing is so precious as time. 时间最可贵。（原意为：没有东西象时间那样可贵了。）
The work did not go so smoothly as we hoped. 工作进行得没有我们希望的那样顺利。
None of the pure metals is so valuable to the industry as the alloys. 对工业来说, 没有一个纯金属像合金那样有价值。
(c) not as … as 和……不一样…（强调两者间的不同）
Line AB is not as long as line CD, but a little longer（或 shorter）. AB 线和 CD 线的长度不一样，AB 线比较长一些（或短一些）。
Wheel A does not revolve as fast as wheel B, but much faster. A 轮和 B 轮的旋转速度不同，A 轮的旋转快得多。
注：上述两句中若没有接上 &but…&, 则 not as … as 通常和 not so … as 同义, 都表示“前者不如后者…”含义。
B. 比拟
“as … + as + 所比拟的事物”的含义为“如…一样”
It is as white as snow. 其白如雪。
as quick as lightning 速如闪电
as light as a feather 轻如鸿毛
as hot as fire 热如火
Ⅴ. as, just as, much as 和 as if（或 as though）引出行为方式状语从句或表语从句。
A. as 按照……样子、方式、办法……
We must do as the doctor tells us. 我们必须按照医生嘱咐去做。
You must try to hold the tool as I do. 你必须试着像我这样握住这个工具。
Leave the things as they are. 让那些东西保持原状。（或：别动那些东西。）
The result of this experiment is good enough as it is. 照现在这样，这个实验的结果够不错了。
Everything happened as (had been) expected. 每件事情都按照所预料的发生了。
The letter reads as (what) follows. 那封信的原文如下。
上述最后两句里 as 后的省略成分, 在一般情况下, 不必把它们加进去。
Heat does not travel by convection in a solid, because the solid does not move as does a liquid. 热量在固体内不能靠对流传递, 因为固体不能像液体那样流动。（注意 as 引出的行为方式状语从句内有时可能有主、谓语颠倒现象. 本句末的 does 为代动词。）
B. 用 as…, (so)…；…as…；…just as…；just as…, so…表示出带有方式状语从句的主从复合句。
这里副词 so 的含义相当于 in the same proportion（按相同的比例或程度）, in like manner（同样地）, in the same way（以相同的方式或方法）。连词 as 作“如同“、”像”讲。as 前使用 just 是为了加强语气。有时主句中主语、谓语可能颠倒。例如：
As two is to three, so is four to six. 四比六等于二比三。
Air is to man as water is to fish. 空气对于人, 如同水对于鱼。
Most plants need sunlight just as they need water. 大多数植物正像需要水那样需要阳光。
Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases. 空气是气体中最重要的一种, 正像水是液体中最重要的一种那样。
As you treat me, so I shall treat you. 你怎样对待我, 我也将怎样对待你。
As is the teacher, so is the pupil. 有什么样的老师, 就有什么样的学生。（或意译为：有其师必有其徒。）
注：注意由 as 引出的方式从句内有时省略主语。
Do as (it) seems best. 按看起来是最好的方式办事。
You must do so much as (it) is required of you. 你必须做要求你做的那么多的事。
C. 用 much as 引出从句, 表示“和…几乎一样”的比拟意味。例如：
We are dealing with something that flows along a conductor, much as water flows through a pipe. 我们正在研究沿着导体流动的一种东西, 这种情况和水通过管道的流动几乎一样。
D. as if 和 as though 好像…似的（从句一般用虚拟语气）[参阅第节二]
Heat can flow from a hot body to a cooler body as if it were a fluid. 热好像流体一样, 能够从一个热的物体传到一个较冷的物体。
Man has to look after his rivers as if they were blood vessel in a human body. 人类必须照管好江河, 好像它们是人体内的血管。
She works hard as she never knew fatigue. 她努力工作, 仿佛她从来不知道疲倦那样。
注1：as if 比 as though 更为常用。注意现在也有人在 as if 后用陈述语气, 因为 as if 本身的语义已体现出后面的内容含有虚拟语气。例如：
It looks as if our team is (或 were) going to win. 看来我们队要赢。
注2：as if 后还可直接跟不定式。例如：
She opened her lips as if to say something. 她张开嘴, 好像要说些什么。
注3：注意 as if 或 as though 有时引出的从句省略了与主句相同的主语及其相应的 be 的变化形式。例如：
He reached out his hand as though (he was) trying to shake John by the hand. 他伸出乎似乎想和约翰握手。
五、用 as 引出宾语补语、主语补语
I. as 引出宾语补语的常用短语
We regard the sun as the chief source of heat and light. 我们把太阳看成是主要的热源和光源。
We consider radio waves as radiant energy. 我们认为无线电波是辐射能。
在科技文章里, 常见的有下列一些“动词（或短语动词）+ 名词（或代词）+ as + 宾语补语”这样的结构：
to accept… as 把……承认为, 承认……是
to define… as 把……解释为, 对……下的定义是
to consider… as 把……认为是
to refer to… as 把……指为（叫做）
to think of… as 把……看作
to treat… as 把……当做；以……来对待……
to describe… as 把……描述成
to regard… as 把……看成
II. as 引出的宾语补语有如下几种表示形式
A. as + 名词
We usually define energy as the ability to do work. 我们通常下定义说, 能能作功的本领。
B. as + 形容词
We often regard gas as compressible. 我们经常把气体看成是可压缩的。
We accept the conclusion as true. 我们承认这个结论是真实的。
C. as + 介词短语
We regard that conclusion as of consequence. 我们把这个结论看成是具有意义的。
D. as + 分词或分词短语
We consider the wire as disconnected. 我们认为这条线没有接好。
We consider this machine as representing the best one in our plant. 我们把这台机器认为是我们工厂里最好的一台。（或：……认为是代表我们工厂里最好的一台。）
E. 下列各句里 as 也引出宾语补语
The use of silver
as a conductor is limited because of its cost. 由于成本高, 银作导体用是受到限制的。（as a conductor 作 silver 的补语, 可联系动词的搭配用法：to use silver as a conductor. 这里 as a conductor 作宾补。）
I make it as a rule to go to our workshop before 6∶00 every morning. 我总是每天早上六点前到车间去。(it 为形式宾语, 后面的不定式为真正宾语。直译：我每天早上六点前去车间, 这件事我已视为惯例。）
III. As 引同主语补语
上一节里的大部分句子都能变为被动态句子：
主动句：We regard the sun as the chief source of heat and light.
被动句：The sun is regarded as the chief source of heat and light (by us). 太阳被认为是主要的热源和光源。
主动句：We cannot consider this suggestion as established. 被动句：This suggestion cannot be considered as established. 这个提议不能（被）认为已成立了。
在主动句里, as 所引出的补语说明作宾语的 the sun 和 this suggestion, 所以叫做宾语补语。在被动句中, as 引出的补语变为说明作主语的 the sun 和 this suggestion, 所以叫做主语补语. 如果扩大主语补语概念, 对主语补足这个广义来看, 则下列各句内的 as 所引出的成分也可视为主语补语：
As members of the environment protection committee we must set up good example. 作为环保委员会成员, 我们必须树立好榜样. （从意义上也可理解为原因状语。）
Metallurgy as an applied science treats of the deriving of metals and their special properties. 冶金学作为一门应用科学, 是研究金属的提炼方法及其特性的。（从意义上也可理解为同位语。）
How can this be described merely as lacking of experience? 这怎么能说成只是缺乏经验呢?
We produce a lot of H2SO4, HCl and HNO3 which are known as the three main strong acids industry. 我们生产大量硫酸、盐酸和硝酸, 它们通称为工业中“三大强酸”。（省略 which are, 则 known as… 作后置定语。）
Ⅳ. 由 as 引出另一种形式的主语补语
I have come here as a manager. 我以经理的身份来到这里。
Many petroleum products serve as raw materials for the chemical industries. 许多石油产品用作各化学工业的原料。
When coal burns, part of it is left as ash. 煤在燃烧时, 它的一部分作为灰烬留了下来。
六、用 as 引出表语或表语从句
The society is as a stage. 社会好比是个舞台。
It may be as it you say. 这也许是你说的那样。
The answer is as it should be. 答案本应如此。
Things are not always as they seem to be. 事情并不总是像表面上看来的那样。
The room looks just as it did when her late husband worked in it. 这房间还是她的已故丈夫在那儿办公时的那个样子。
七、用 as 引出同位语
Derek told us about his experiences as a young man. 德立克告诉了我们有关他年轻时的一些经历。
Metals possess many special properties, as (或 such as) ductility, fusibility and malleability. 金属具有许多特有的性能，如延展性、可熔性和可锻性。
As an insulator, oil is better than air. 作为一种绝缘体来说, 油比空气好。
Sidney is their team leader, and as such has to sign this paper. 锡德尼是他们的队长, 而作为队长他就得在这文件上签字。
八、用 as 引出插入句
as 作“如同……那样, 正如……那样”解, 也可引出一个附带说明的句子, 表示说话人说出这句话的根据, 或对这句话的态度, 或作出某种解释或评论, 这种成分叫做插入句, 它一般必须用逗号隔开。
The difference, as I see it, is one of method and not of principle. 照我看来, 这是一个方法上, 而不是原则上的分歧。（one 代替 difference。）
As it is, we cannot go there. 就目前情况而言, 我们不能去那儿。
This old machine must be, as it appears to me, replaced by a computer-controlled machine. 依我看来, 这台旧机器必须换成一台由计算机控制的机器。
The products of the chemical industry make a major contribution to present-day standards of living, and life, as we know it today, would be impossible without those products. 化学工业产品对今日生活水平作出重要贡献, 并且正如我们目前所知道那样, 要是没有这些产品, 我们的生活就不可思议。
还有一种插入句形式的定语从句所表示的意思与上述例句很相似。参阅四-Ⅳ。
九、as 的其它用法
I. 在下列句子里 as 所引出的从句, 从句子结构来看是方式状语从句, 作“像……那样的”讲, 从意义来讲, 是定语从句。因此, 能领会其用法就行。
Copper as it comes from ordinary smelting works contains many impurities. 从普通熔炼厂出来的那样的铜, 含有许多杂质。
He wrote about China as it was thirty years ago. 他曾写过三十年前的中国。
II. 下列句子里的“as + 过去分词或过去分词短语”可用作定语
（联系下文，见[As 在各种句型和固定词组里的用法] 1、B）：
See the answers as given at the end of this book. 请参阅本书末所给出的那些答案。
注 1：as 的基本含义是“像……那样的”。as given 之类的定语, 表示说话人对他所讲的话通过这样方式来加以解释, 对此提出他的看法, 或举例以证实他的观点。如果是平铺直叙的定语, 还可以把 as 取消。如：
See the answers given at the end of this book.
注 2：对于 the answers as given…, 也可以改为：the answers as they are given …。现在再举两个相类似的短语：
the elements as (they are) pointed out below. 如下面所指出的那些元素
the instruments as (they are) listed below. 如下面所列举的那些仪器
III. as many（用于可数名词）（与……）同样的, （与……）数相同的；as much（用于不可数名词）（与……）同量的；同样地
There are sixty to and there are as many in ours. 那个车间有六十件工具；我们车间里也有同数量的工具（或也有六十件）。
He did it in three hours, but it took me as many days. 这件工作他用三小时做完, 可是却花了我三天（才把那件工作做完）。
Fix fifty hooks to as many ropes. 在这五十个钩子上, 每一个都系上一条绳子。（意译）
This car can run sixty miles in as many minutes. 这辆汽车在六十分钟里（或每小时）能跑六十英里。
I think as much. 我也这样想. （或译：我想到的也是这些。）
十、as 用法的判别
I. 注意 as 和其前后的有关词（如so, such, same, many, much 等）的内在联系。现以其中 as 和 such 的搭配为例, 来说明内在联系的变化。
X-rays can penetrate through many materials, such as wood, cloth and thin sheets of aluminium. X 射线能够穿透许多材料, 例如木材、布和薄铝板等。
The programmed robot is such as I have never seen before. 这样的程控机器人我从未见过。（意译）
Such materials as (are) copper and silver are called good conductors. 像铜和银那样的材料称之为良导体。
This is a new type of precision instrument, and as such it is quite widely used. 这是一种新型的精密仪器, 因而十分广泛地（被）使用。
上面四句都用了 as 和 such 两词, 但它们在各句中排列组合和前后的相互联系不全然相同, 意义就不同。
第 1、2 句中都用了 such as, 但第 1 句中, such as 前有一个逗号, 逗号前是复数名词, 这时 such as 后所列举的东西是前面 materials 的同位语。第 2 句的 such as 前没有逗号, such 在该句中只能作表语用, 其后面的 as 又只能是 such 的关系代词, 引出定语从句。这时 such 就只能作“这样的人、事、物”解。
第 3 句中的 as 前有个指示词 such, 由于 such 是定语, 后面与之呼应的 as 从句必然是进一步说明前面的 such 的, 故从句也是定语从句。判别时抓住 as 前面有没有这个指示词 such 即可, 但与第 2 句的差别在于第 2 句中的 such 单独作代词用, 作“这样的人、事、物”讲, 而第 3 句中的 such 是形容词。只作 “这样的”讲。故后面必有 such 所修饰的名词 materials。
第 4 句和前三句不同点是用了 as such, 而不是 such as。词序变了, 意思就变了。第 4 句表面上把 as such 译为“因而”, 这是翻译技巧问题。实际上该句原意仍是：“这是一种新型的精密仪器, 像这样的仪器它是十分广泛地被使用的。”
根据上述, 我们认为必须注意那些常用的一套一套的“排列组合”。
II. 根据上下文来判断 as 的语法功用。
单个 as 引出的从句有：时间从句、原因从句、让步从句、比较从句、方式状语从句、定语从句、表语从句和插入句（见、八)&#x300