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[真题备考] 雅思真题解析-剑7Test2阅读Passage2解析
00:00:00 来源：网络
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　　READING PASSAGE 2
　　篇章结构
　　体裁& 说明文
　　主题& 食品的真正代价
　　结构& A段：食品的真正代价来自于现代农业的间接伤害。
　　B段：现代农业的发展阶段及其对环境的破坏。
　　C段：人们很少意识到食品的经济代价。
　　D段：Pretty教授提出对食品代价的计算。
　　E段：各项具体的费用以及昂贵的食品账单。
　　F段：政府需要倡导可持续发展农业。
　　G段：Pretty教授的绿色食品标准计划。
　　必背词汇
　　bring... down&降(价)&
　　relative&adj. 相对的，相比较的
　　challenge&n. 挑战；困难&
　　in... terms&根据；按照
　　immediate cash&立即付现&
　　collateral damage&间接伤害
　　food production&食品制造，食品生产&
　　welfare&n. 健康；福利
　　enervation&n. 贫瘠，削弱，虚弱&
　　industrial agriculture&工业化农业
　　wildlife&n. 野生动植物
　　mechanisation&n. 机械化，机动化
　　unstoppable&adj. 无法停止的；无法阻止的
　　mass use&大量使用&
　　colossal&adj. 巨大的
　　checal fertiliser&化肥&
　　stretch&n. 绵延；连绵的一片
　　monoculture&n. 单一种植&
　　hedgerow&n. 灌木树篱
　　battery rearing&笼养&
　　faecal filth&排泄物残渣
　　livestock&n. 家畜，牲畜
　　continuous&adj. 连续的，没有中断的
　　genetic engineering&基因工程&
　　algae&n. 水藻
　　march&n. 进行；步伐
　　battlefield&n. 战场，沙场&
　　aesthetic&adj. 美学的，审美的
　　externality&n. 外部经济效应&
　　shame&n. 遗憾
　　transaction&n. (一笔)交易；(一项)事务
　　quantify&v. 量化
　　hectare&n. 公顷(等于2.471英亩)
　　amount to&总计，共计，共达&
　　arable&adj. 适于耕种的
　　staggering&adj. 难以置信的；令人震惊的
　　permanent pasture&稳定草场，永久性牧场
　　exercise&n. 活动；操练&
　　conservative estimate&保守估计
　　removal&n. 排除；拆除&
　　food bill&【经】食品账单
　　nitrate&n. 硝酸盐&
　　threefold&adv. 三倍
　　phosphate&n. 磷酸盐(尤指用作肥料)
　　supposedly&adv. 据认为；一般看来
　　bug cryptosporidium&隐孢子虫病菌&
　　over the counter&柜台交易
　　soil erosion&土壤侵蚀&
　　subsidy&n. 补贴，津贴，补助金
　　organic carbon loss&有机碳流失&
　　prop up&支持；资助
　　cattle&n. [总称]牛，牲口
　　break away from&脱离，摆脱&
　　food sector&食品部门
　　feasible&adj. 可行的，可能且合理的
　　thriving&adj. 繁荣的，兴旺的
　　sustainable&adj. 可持续的&
　　animal welfare&动物安全，动物福利
　　competitive&adj. (价格等)有竞争力的
　　viable&adj. 切实可行的，可实施的
　　full commitment&完全投入
　　organic farming&有机农业&
　　comprise&vt. 包含，包括
　　premium&n. 额外费用&
　　agrochemical&农业化肥
　　recommend&vt. 推荐，介绍，赞许某人/某事物
　　food safety&食品安全
　　norm&n. 标准，规范&
　　go a long way&有很大作用；大有帮助
　　难句解析
　　1. In Britain, for example, many of our best-loved farmland birds, such as the skylark, the grey partridge, the lapwing and the corn bunting, have vanished from huge stretches of countryside, as have even more wild flowers and insects.
　　参考译文：例如，在英国，许多深受人们喜爱的农田鸟类，比如云雀、灰山鹑、麦鸡和黍鹀，还有更多的野花和昆虫，都已经从乡村大片的土地上消失了。
　　语法点：
　　本句中的as have even more wild flowers and insects是一个倒装结构，as引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子have vanished from huge stretches of countryside。
　　现将一些常见的倒装结构归纳如下：
　　(1)句首否定词，句子要倒装
　　never / hardly / scarcely/little / seldom / not / not until / rarely / no sooner... than / nowhere例如：
　　Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much!你再也找不到这么爱你的男人了!
　　Not until he came back did I leave. 直到他回来我才离开。
　　in no way / in no case / at no time / by no means / in no sense / on no account / under no circumstances
　　这些否定短语常放在句首，表示强调，译为&绝不&&&。例如：
　　In no way do I blame you for what happened. 我绝不会因为发生的事情而责怪你。
　　(2)only+状语置于句首
　　Only then did she realized she was wrong. 直到那时她才意识到自己错了。
　　Only when he had failed three times did he turn to me for advice.
　　直到失败了三次，他才来征询我的意见。
　　(3)so / neither / nor / no more用于句首
　　He had no money, nor did he know anyone he could borrow from. 他没钱，也不知道管谁借。
　　(4)as引导的定语从句
　　He travelled a great deal, as did most of his friends. 他和他朋友都经常旅行。
　　as在定语从句中作关系代词，相当于which / that / who，既可以指人也可以指物，可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句。
　　as在引导限制性定语从句时，只用于一些固定结构中，即能用在such, the same, as, so后面。例如：
　　He'll repeat such points as are discussed in the book. 他会重复书中讨论过的要点。
　　Such a student as works hard will be sure to succeed. 如此用功的学生肯定会成功。
　　as在非限制性定语从句中时，从句中的as可以指代它前面的短语或者句子的一部分，也可以指代整个句子。例如：
　　He is usually tall. As are his brothers. 他经常吹牛，他兄弟也是。
　　as在这句话中等同于and so，代替句中的usually tall, as引导的是一个倒装句。
　　2. Breaking away from industrial agriculture as the solution to hunger may be very hard for some countries, but in Britain, where the immediate need to supply food is less urgent, and the costs and the damage of intensive farming have been clearly seen, it may be more feasible.
　　参考译文：对于一些国家来说，摆脱现代农业生产方式的同时解决饥饿问题是件很困难的事情，但在英国，对粮食的需求并非如此紧迫，并且现代化的密集型农业所耗费的成本和造成的损失清晰可见，放弃现代化农业更为可行。
　　语言点：
　　第一句话的主语是动名词breaking away from，谓语是may be, but后面句子的真正主语是it，指代breaking away from industrial agriculture as the solution to hunger, in Britain是地点状语，where引导非限制性定语从句，从句中有两个句子：一个是the immediate need to supply food is less urgent，另一个是the costs and the damage of intensive farming have been clearly seen。
　　动名词用法：
　　(1)动名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：
　　Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
　　Reading is like permitting a man to talk a long time, and refusing you the right to answer.
　　读书犹如允许一个人作长时间的谈话，却不给你答复的权利。
　　(2)用it作形式主语，动名词用在一定结构中：It is / was+特定adj. 或n. +动名词。
　　常用的形容词有：nice / better / foolish / enjoyable / fun / good / useless
　　名词有：nice / no good / any(some, no)use / a waste of time例如：
　　Is it any good trying to explain?解释有用吗?
　　It's no use crying over spilt milk. 不要用打翻的牛奶哭泣。
　　It's simply a waste of time and money seeing that movie. 那场电影简直是浪费时间和金钱。
　　(3)there be句型中用动名词。例如：
　　There is no use arguing with him. 跟他争没有用。
　　There is no point in my going out with someone. 我和别人约会毫无意义。
　　(4)There is no doing sth. =It is impossible to do something. 例如：
　　There is no denying the fact that... 不容否认&&
　　There is no telling what will happen tomorrow. 无法预知未来会发生什么。
　　There is no knowing the future. =It is impossible to know the future. 谁也不能预知未来。
　　试题解析
　　Questions 14-17
　　&题目类型：MATCHING段落搭配信息题
　　&题目解析：段落搭配信息型matching有两个特征：
　　1. 一般是紧接文章后的第一大题
　　2. 如果题目要求有NB(注意)，则一个段落中含有多个信息；
　　若无NB，则一个段落中只含有一个信息
　　解题步骤一般是：
　　&看文章标题及首段，确定文章主题
　　&浏览大题类型，确认解题顺序。可以在解这个题目的同时，定位其他题目的特殊词
　　&浏览题目信息，找出关键词
　　&通读文章各段，寻找关键词的同义词
　　&比较信息，选择答案
　　&如果较长时间未能选出，一定要先放弃
　　TIPS：此题信息少，段落长，建议分配较多的时间和精力。因为题目要求中有NB，所以有一个段落一定会选不止一次，要多加注意。
　　Questions 18-21
　　&题目类型：YES / NO / NOT GIVEN
　　&题目解析：
　　18. Several species of wildlife in the British countryside are declining.
　　19. The taste of food has deteriorated in recent years.
　　20. The financial costs of environmental damage are widely recognised.
　　21. One of the costs calculated by Professor Pretty was illness caused by food.
　　Questions 22-26
　　&题目类型：SUMMARY填空题
　　&题目解析：
　　1. 首先用Professor Pretty和conclude一词将此题定位到文章的E段，也是紧跟在第21题对应句后面的那句话Professor Pretty draws a simple but orable conclusion... 22到26题要填的词就是从这句话开始的；
　　2. 注意该题规定最多每空填三个字。
　　参考译文&
食品的真正代价&
　　A& 40多年来食品价格一直呈上涨趋势。现在已经涨到了越来越多的人都认为太高的程度，很多人认为21世纪面临的巨大挑战之一就是降低食品价格。然而，这代价不并非立即付现的。毕竟，相对于1960年而言，至少在西方国家，现在大多数食品按相对价值计算反而是便宜多了。这代价恰恰是使食品变便宜的生产方式本身所造成的间接伤害。这伤害包括现代工业化农业所造成的水资源污染，土壤贫瘠，野生动植物破坏，对动物权益的损害以及对人类健康的威胁。
　　B& 现代农业的发展首先是机械化生产，接着就是化肥和杀虫剂的大量使用，然后是单一种植，再后来就是笼养家禽家畜，直到现在的基因工程。在过去的半个世纪里，随着产量的激增，密集型农业前进的步伐似乎已经锐不可当。但其也造成巨大的破坏。例如，在英国，许多深受人们喜爱的农田鸟类，比如云雀、灰山鹑、麦鸡和黍鹀，还有更多的野花和昆虫，都已经从乡村大片的土地上消失了。这就是过去40年里我们的农业生产方式所造成的直接后果。无数的灌木丛、大片的池塘已经从我们的土地上消失了。养殖大马哈鱼的排泄物将野生大马哈鱼逐出了苏格兰的海湾和河流。由于长期使用化肥和杀虫剂，很多地区的自然土壤肥力正在下降，而湖里的藻类却因为化肥废料而不断疯长。
　　C& 上面所述种种使我们的土地看上去就像满目疮痍的战场，但消费者在餐桌上的时候却很少联想到这些。这主要因为这些代价是经济学家们所说的&外部经济效应&，它们不在如生产或出售一块地里的小麦那样的主要交易过程之中，而且它们也不是由生产者和消费者直接来承担的。对很多人来说，这代价甚至根本不属于经济范畴，仅仅与审美相关，很遗憾和金钱没有任何关系。而且不管怎样，作为食品消费者，他们当然不必为这代价自掏腰包，不是吗?
　　D& 但这代价对社会的影响却是可以量化的，累积起来能高到吓人的地步。一项引人注目的将代价量化的活动已经完成。埃塞克斯大学社会与环境研究中心的主任Jules Pretty教授负责了该活动，他是位关注农业未来的领军思想家。Pretty教授和他的同事计算了某一年中英国农业外部经济效应的价值。他们综合了修复损坏所需的费用，得出的总数是二十三亿四千三百万英镑，具体到每公顷耕地和永久性牧场则为二百零八英镑，几乎和当年英国政府及欧盟在英国农业上的投入相当，据Pretty教授说这还是保守估计。
　　E& 这些费用包括：一亿两千万英镑用于消除杀虫剂；一千六百万英镑用于消除硝酸盐；五千五百万英镑用于消除土壤中的磷酸盐；两千三百万英镑用于自来水公司清除引用水中所含有的隐孢子虫病菌；一亿两千五百万英镑用来修复野生动物栖息地、灌木以及石墙所受到的损坏；十一亿一千三百万英镑用来治理可能会导致气候变化的尾气；一亿零六百万英镑用在治理土壤腐蚀和有机碳流失上；一亿六千九百万英镑用于食品中毒；六亿零七百万英镑用于治疗牲畜疾病。由此Pretty教授得出了一个简单但却惊人的结论：实际上我们的食品花销翻了三倍。我们正用三种不同的方式为自认为便宜了的食物买单：一是在柜台付款，二是通过纳税，税收提供了强大的经济支柱，三是收拾现代农业生产留下的烂摊子。
　　F& 那么食品的真正花销能降下来吗?对于一些国家来说，通过摆脱工业化农业解决饥饿问题也许相当困难，但在英国，对粮食的需求相对缓和，并且大家都清楚看到了密集型农业所耗费的成本和带来的破坏为现代密集型企业，放弃现代化农业更为可行。政府有必要设立可持续性、有竞争力和多样化的农业及粮食生产部门，这一定会为农村经济的繁荣和可持续发展做出贡献，并加快实现环境、经济、健康以及动物福利方面的目标。
　　G& 但如果工业化农业将被取代，可行的替代办法又是什么呢?Pretty教授感觉对于许多农民来说，有机农业在思想上和实践上都是一个很大的跨越。并且，有机产品的高价格使得许多比较贫困的消费者无力购买。他推荐尽快引入&绿色食品标准&，这会促使市场朝着比现行标准更环保的方向发展，而又不必全部投入有机农业生产。&绿色食品标准&将涵盖不同农业经营上的共认做法，包括农用化学品的使用、土壤质量、土地经营管理模式、水资源及能源利用、食品安全以及动物健康等。Pretty教授认为，这一标准将对消费者和农场主从传统的农业转向可持续发展农业大有裨益。
　　背景知识
A Different Voice to Organic Farming Organic Farming &No Better for the Environment&
By Cahal Milmo
　　Organic food may be no better for the environment than conventional produce and in some cases is contributing more to global warming than intensive agriculture, according to a government report.
　　The first comprehensive study of the environmental impact of food production found there was &insufficient evidence& to say organic produce has fewer ecological side-effects than other farming methods.
　　The 200-page document will reignite the debate surrounding Britain's ￡1.6bn organic food industry which experienced a 30 per cent growth in sales last year.
　　David Miliband, the Environment Secretary, drew a furious response from growers last month when he suggested organic food was a &lifestyle choice& with no conclusive evidence it was nutritionally superior.
　　Sir David King, the Government's chief scientist, also told The Independent he agreed that organic food was no safer than chemically-treated food.
　　The report for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs found &many& organic products had lower ecological impacts than conventional methods using fertilisers and pesticides. But academics at the Manchester Business School (MBS), who conducted the study, said that was counterbalanced by other organic foods&such as milk, tomatoes and chicken&which are significantly less energy efficient and can be more polluting than intensively-farmed equivalents.
　　Ken Green, professor of environmental management at MBS, who co-wrote the report, said: &You cannot say that all organic food is better for the environment than all food grown conventionally. If you look carefully at the amount of energy required to produce these foods you get a complicated picture. In some cases, the carbon footprint for organics is larger. &
　　The study did not take into account factors such as the increased biodiversity created by organic farming or the improved landscape.
　　The report said: &There is certainly insufficient evidence available to state that organic agriculture overall would have less of an environmental impact than conventional agriculture. &
　　&In particular, organic agriculture poses its own environmental problems in the production of some foods, either in terms of nutrient release to water or in terms of climate change burdens. &
　　Using data from previous studies, the researchers singled out milk as a particular example of the environmental challenges presented by organic farming. Organic milk requires 80 per cent more land and creates almost double the amount of substances that could lead to acidic soil and &eutrophication&&the pollution of water courses with excess nutrients.
　　The study found that producing organic milk, which has higher levels of nutrients and lower levels of pesticides, also generates more carbon dioxide than conventional methods&1.23kg per litre compared to 1.06kg per litre. It concluded: &Organic milk production appears to require less energy input but much more land than conventional production. While eliminating pesticide use, it also gives rise to higher emissions of greenhouse gases and eutrophying substances. &
　　Similar findings were recorded with organic chickens, where the longer growing time means it has a higher impact on all levels, including producing nearly double the amount of potentially polluting by-products and consuming 25 per cent more energy.
　　Vegetable production was also highlighted as a source of increased use of resources. Organic vine tomatoes require almost 10 times the amount of land needed for conventional tomatoes and nearly double the amount of energy.
　　Advocates of organic farming said its environmental benefits had long been established, not least by Mr Miliband who has written it is& &better for biodiversity than intensive farming&. The Soil Association said it recognised that in some areas, such as poultry and growing vegetables out of season, organic was less energy efficient.
　　But it said that was vastly outweighed by factors which the DEFRA study had not taken into consideration such as animal welfare, soil condition and water use.
　　The pitfalls
　　Tomatoes
　　* 122sq m of land is needed to produce a tonne of organic vine tomatoes. The figure for conventionally-grown loose tomatoes is 19sq m.
　　* Energy needed to grow organic tomatoes is 1.9 times that of conventional methods.
　　* Organic tomatoes grown in heated greenhouses in Britain generate one hundred times the amount of CO2 per kilogram produced by tomatoes in unheated greenhouses in southern Spain.
　　* Requires 80 per cent more land to produce per unit than conventional milk.
　　* Produces nearly 20 per cent more carbon dioxide and almost double the amount of other by-products that can lead to acidification of soil and pollution of water courses.
　　Chickens
　　* Organic birds require 25 per cent more energy to rear and grow than conventional methods.
　　* The amount of CO2 generated per bird is 6.7kg for organic compared to 4.6kg for conventional battery or barn hens.
　　* Eutrophication, the potential for nutrient-rich by-products to pollute water courses, is measured at 86 for organic compared to 49 for conventional.
　　* The depletion of natural resources is measured at 99 for organic birds compared to 29 for battery or barn hens.
关键字：&& &&&
2011年雅思备考：
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考研公开课新概念英语第一册Lesson&131-132&讲解笔记
Lesson 131& Don't be so
别那么肯定！
Lesson132& He
may be ...&
He may have been
New words and expressions
生词和短语
Egyptn．&&&&&&
abroad&&&&&&&&&
worry&&&&&&&&&&&&
【课文内容】
Listen to the tape then answer this
What's the problem about deciding on a
MARTINWhere are you going to spend your
holidays this year, Gary?
GARYWe may go abroad. I'm not sure. My
wife wants to go to Egypt. I'd like to go there, too.
We can't make up our minds.
MARTINWill you travel by sea or by
GARYWe may travel by sea.
MARTINIt's cheaper, isn't it?
GARYIt may be cheaper, but it takes a
long time.
MARTINI'm sure you'll enjoy
yourselves.
GARYDon't be so sure. We might not go
anywhere. My wife always worries too much. Who's going to look
after the dog? Who's going to look after the house? Who's going to
look after the garden? We have this problem every year. In the end,
we stay at home and look after everything!
I hope I can go to Egypt one
我希望有一天能够去埃及。
The Kings are taking a &holiday in Egypt
金斯一家正在埃及度假。
&&&&&&&&&&&&
mummy&&&&&&
Pharaoh&&&&&&&&&&
暴君，法老
Egyptian&&&&&&&&&&&
(副词)国外
We may go abroad.
我们可能出国。
His son is now studying abroad.
他的儿子现在正在国外学习。
I've never lived abroad before.
我以前从来没有在国外生活过。
出国，到国外
travel abroad
到国外旅行
from abroad
从国外来的，从海外来的
He just returned from abroad.
他刚刚从国外回来。
(动词)担扰My wife always worries too much.
我妻子总是忧心重重。
Don't worry,everything will be ok soon.
不要担心，一切都会好起来的。
She's worried that she might lose her job.
她担心自己会丢了那份工作
烦恼的，焦虑的
MARTIN：Where are you going to spend your
holidays this year, Gary?
be going to
将来时态的表达方式之一表示打算，计划或安排去做某事。
--spend v.
花费时间，金钱，度过时光，假日等
--spend….on sth
--spend ….(in) doing
花费（时间，金钱）；度过（时光，假日）等
，当“花费”讲时句型结构为：
&spend+money /
time +on sth./
花费金钱或时间做某事
spend+money / time +on
后面接事件，名词或代词；
eg. She spends three hours on study every day.
她每天花三个小时在学习上
。She spends a lot of money
on clothes.
她把大量的钱花在（买）衣服上
spend+money / (in) diong sth.
后面接动作，动词或动词短语，而且in可以省
She spends three hours studying English every
她每天花三个小时学习英语。
∷spend
，当“度过”讲时句型结构为：
spend + n.（时光、假日）+地点状语
--I spent my childhood in a small town.
我在一个小城镇度过了我的童年。
--I am going to spend my holidays in Sydney.
我打算到悉尼度假。
&&&&GARY：We may go abroad. I'm not sure. My
wife wants to go to Egypt. I'd like to go there, too. We can't make
up our minds.
1、情态助动词may表示可能性“可能，也许，或许“
may和might都表示“可能、也许”,might所表示的可能性要比may小，且当情况是虚拟时只能用might而不能用may。
may表示现在或将来的可能性：may+动词原形
& --It may snow
明天也许会下雪。
&--If I’m busy, I may not go.
如果我忙的话，　也许就不去了
The bread may be fresh.
面包可能是新鲜的。
may也可表示过去的可能性：may have (done)
He was late. He may
have been busy.
他迟到了，大概是太忙了。
I went out last night,
and she may have been reading.
我昨天晚上出去了，她可能一直在看书。
2、be sure&
be sure of / about +n.&
对……有把握
be sure that&&
肯定，确信
be sure to do&
肯定，一定，务必
eg. He is sure of success.
他确信他会成功。
We are sure that he is innocent.
我们确信他是无辜的
Be sure to call me at 5 o`clock.
五点务必打电话给我
肯定的，有把握的
eg. I'll finish them tomorrow for sure.
我明天一定把它们做完。
& make sure 确信
eg. I make sure I am going to faint.
我确信我要晕倒了。
肯定，的确，固然
，后面多接but(口)
eg. To be sure,he is kind.
的确，他心肠好。
Father isn’t rich, to be
sure, but he is a gentleman.
的确，父亲并不富有，但他是个绅士
(口语) “当然可以！”相当于certainly .
--May I open the window?
3、would like to do sth.
乐于干某事，想做某事
would like sth.
想吃（喝，得到）某物
4、make up one`s mind&
下决心，决定
相当于decide,常跟to do sth.
表示决心或决定去做某事。
MARTIN：Will you travel by sea or by
1、选择疑问句，要求答话人在两个或多个人或事物中作出选择，不能用yes或no作回答.
Would you like some bananas or apples?
你想吃香蕉还是苹果？
--I’d like an apple.
我想来个苹果
GARY：We may travel by
MARTIN：It's cheaper, isn't
1、It's cheaper. = It`s cheaper to
travel by sea than by air.
与前面的陈述句一起构成反意疑问句。结构为：陈述句+反意的简略式疑问句。前后两部分在肯定与否定方面正好相反。
反意疑问句要用yes或no来回答，肯定与否根据事实来确定，不受问句中肯定与否定的影响。
—You are a student,aren`t you?
你是学生，不是吗？
—Yes,I am.
是的，我是。
—No,I`m not.I am a teacher.
不，我不是，我是一位老师。
You aren’t married,
你没结婚吧，结了吗？
--Yes, I am. I married early.
不，我结婚了，我结婚比较早。
--You won’t travel by sea, will you?
你不会乘船去吧，会吗？
--Yes, I’ll go by sea.
不，我要乘船去。
英语中的yes和no用于对事实进行的肯定与否定，而汉语中的“是的“与”不是“是表示对问话人的态度是否赞同。
--I didn’t say anything, did I ?
我什么也没说，说了吗？
（说话人认为自己什么也没说。）&&&
--No, you didn’t.(事实是你什么也没说，所以你的说法是对的。)
是的，你什么也没说。
--I told you that many times, didn’t I ?&
我告诉过你好多遍了，不是吗？
--Yes, you did.
是的，你告诉我好多遍了。
事实上你确实告诉我好多遍，你的说法也是对的，所以英汉表达是一致的。
GARY：It may be cheaper, but it takes a
long time.
花费，占用
只能用于时间的花费，不能用于金钱。
It takes sb, some time to do
花某人的时间做某事
eg.It took me 1 hour to do the
花了我一个小时的时间来做这件事。
表示的是时间的占用，具有客观性；而spend表示人对时间有意识的花费，有主观性。
&2、it takes a long time.= it takes a
long time to travel by sea.
MARTIN：I'm sure you'll enjoy
yourselves.
1、宾语从句，you'll enjoy
yourselves.作sure的宾语。
2、enjoy oneself = have a good
GARY：Don't be so
Don't be so sure. =
Don't be so sure of it. = Don't be so sure that we`ll enjoy
ourselves.
might not go anywhere.
（1）might
&情态动词的过去式不表示过去，而往往是表示一种更为婉转的语气
（2）anywhere&
任何地方，副词作状语
某地，用于肯定句
没有任何地方
wife always worries too much. Who's going to look after the dog?
Who's going to look after the house? Who's going to look after the
garden? We have this problem every year. In the end, we stay at
home and look after everything!
（1）problem
存在的需要解决的问题
疑问，需要回答的问题
（2）in the end
最后，到头来，说明结果
finally&&&
最后，说明次序
at last&&&
最后，终于（说明目的的实现）
（3）look after
look after
照看，看管，
--look after the children
--look after the house
--have this problem
有这个问题
--have a problem
有一个问题
--have many problems
有许多问题
存在的需要解决的问题
--question　疑问，需要回答的问题
--in the end
最后，到头来，说明结果
最后，说明次序
最后，终于（说明目的的实现）
Lesson132& He may be
He may have been
Written exercises
A Read the conversation in Lesson 131 again. Then
answer these questions.
1 Is Martin talking to Gary?
2 Where may Gary and his wife go this
3 Who wants to go to Egypt?
4 How will they travel?
5 Isn't it cheaper to travel by sea?
6 Doesn't it take a long time?
7 Why might Gary and his wife not go
B Answer these questions.
Examples&&
Do you think she is Danish? (Swedish)
I'm not sure. She may be Swedish.
Do you think she was Danish? (Swedish)
I'm not sure. She may have been Swedish.
1 Do you think they are Canadian?
(Australian)
2 Do you think she is Finnish?
3 Do you think they are Japanese?
4 Do you think they were butchers?
5 Do you think she was a dentist?
6 Do you think he is a sales rep? (the
7 Do you think she is seventeen?
(twenty-one)
8 Do you think they were five? (seven)
9 Do you think he was seventy-six? (over
10 Do you think she was fifty-five? (under
11 Do you think it is the 17th today?
12 Do you think it was Tuesday yesterday?
(Wednesday)
13 Do you think it is the 19th today?
14 Do you think it is cheap?
(expensive)
15 Do you think it was easy?
(difficult)
16 Do you think she was old? (young)
17 Do you think he was ill? (tired)
18 Do you think they are listening to the radio?
(watching television)
19 Do you think she was retiring? (looking for a
20 Do you think they are sitting?
(standing)
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