英语中容易引起老外误会甚至反感的两个词组_百度文库
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英语中容易引起老外误会甚至反感的两个词组
&&英语中容易引起老外误会甚至反感的两个词组
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你可能喜欢下面是几个英语短语，请问个是什么意思？_百度知道
下面是几个英语短语，请问个是什么意思？
the facing page 是指书的那一页啊？put pen to paper?block captitals?
the facing page：不是指的具体哪一页，除非句子里给出了具体的，它一般指的当前眼睛就能看到的那一页put pen to paper：落笔；下笔；命笔；落墨block captitals：.正体大写字母
什么叫正体
相当于我们汉字的正楷，就是符合英语书写规范的要求的书写或者打印字体。
采纳率：66%
1这一页（朝上的一页）2写字3正体大写字母
第一个是首页。第二个就是拿笔写字。第三个是大写字母
首页写字，下笔正体大写字母
用有道词典或金山词霸查一下进行，很好用
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中学生英语学习常见错误一览表(78页)
中学生英语学习常见错误一览表? 中学生英语学习常见错误一览表? A?a ? ［误］ I think it is an useful English dictionary.? ［正］ I think it is a useful English dictionary.? ［析］ 在不定冠词 a 与 an 的用法中要注意的一点是：an 用在以元音开头的词 之前； a 则用在以辅音开头的词之前。 而 要特别注意的是以 u 字母打头的单词， 如 useful,university 等，其第一个音标是［j］ ，所以要特别予以注意。? ［误］ I need a hour to finish this letter.? ［正］ I need an hour to finish this letter.? ［析］ 要注意 hour 和 honest 的第一个字母不发音。? ［误］ My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.? ［正］ My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.? ［析］ 要注意以 u 打头的单词，它的发音为［?］时，单数名词前要用 an， 如 uncle 等。 ［误］ There is a &f& in the word &football&.? ［正］ There is an &f& in the word &football&.? ［析］ 英文字母单独使用时，如其第一个发音是元音时，其前面的不定冠词应 该用 an 而不是 a.? ［误］ I have a little brother. He is a 8 ? year ? old boy.? ［正］ I have a little brother. He is an 8 ? year ? old boy.? ［析］ 要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音，如 eight, eleven 等。 ? able ? ［误］ This bike is able to be repaired.? ［正］ This bike can be repaired.? ［析］ be able to 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事，应译为&有本领 &、&有能力&、&可以&作某事，如：I'm able to swim across this river. 而 can 可以 用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如：This radio can be repaired here.? about ? ［误］ This class is about to begin just now.? ［正］ This class is about to begin.? ［析］ 要注意 be about to 是&将要&的意思，含有将来时之意，不要与表示过去 时的时间状语连用。 另外， about to 一般用作书面语， be 对应的口语是 be going to.? about on ? about 与 on 都可以作&关于&讲， 但却有所不同， 例如： This book is about physics. 应译为&这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。 &而： This book is on physics.则应译为 &这是一本物理学方面的专著。&? above ? ［误］ The temperature is five degrees over zero.? ［正］ The temperature is five degrees above zero.? ［析］表达&在……上方&时， above 与 over 是可以互换的， The sky is above(or 如： over)our heads. 但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用 above 不可用 over， 如：The sun has risen above the horizon.? ［误］ There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.? ［正］ There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.? ［析］ 当表达覆盖之意时，只可用 over 而不能用 above.? ［误］ There is a bridge above the river.? ［正］ There is a bridge over the river.? ［析］ 用来表达&从……上方越过&时不能用 above 只能用 over，如：The plane flew over the city. 但要注意 There is waterfall above the bridge. 则应译为&在桥的 上游有一个瀑布。&? across ? ［误］ He ran across the wood.? ［正］ He ran through the wood.? ［析］ across 是指某一动作在一平面内进行，而 through 则是指该动作在一三 维立体空间的运动过程。如：The man came in through the window. He walked across the square. across ? across 的主要用法有两个。 其一， 意为&对面&， There is a school just across the 如： street. 其二，意为&横过&，如：He walked across the street.? afraid ? ［误］ I dont't afraid of him.? ［正］ I am not afraid of him.? ［析］ 要注意&害怕&afraid 一词在英语中不是动词，而是形容词，要与 be 动词 连用。? after ? ［误］ Two weeks after he left.? ［正］ Two weeks later he left.? ［正］ He left after two weeks.? ［析］ 要表达&在多少时间之后&，英语中有两种表达法，即：用 later 时，要 时间在前，如 而用 after 时要时间在后，如 after three hours.? ［误］ My father will be back after a few hours.?［正］ My father will be back in a few hours.? ［析］ 受中文的影响，这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动 作可以完成时，一定要用 in，而不能用 after，因为 after 是指在某一时间之后。 例如： This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。 而如用了 after，即表示在两天之后，完成的时间是不确定的。? after behind ? after 多用于表示顺序的前后，如：She walked in the line after Tom. 或用来表示& 追赶&， 表示一种动态， He ran after Mary. 而 behind 多用于强调先进与落后， 如： 如：She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达&迟于&，如：The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用， 如： She hid herself behind the flowers.? afternoon ? ［误］ He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.? ［正］ He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.? ［析］ 习惯用的词组 in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词 in 都要改为 on，不论其修饰词在前还是在后，如：He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如：Are you free on Sunday afternoon?? against ? ［误］ He against me.? ［正］ He is against me.? ［析］ 要注意 against 意为&反对&，但它在英文中却不是动词，而是介词，如 要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词 be, 如：He is against somebody/something. ? against for ? against 意为&反对&、&不赞成&；而 for 则意为&同意&，为其反意词。如：Are you for or ?? against ? the plan?? age ? ［误］ He is twenty years old of age.? ［正］ He is twenty.? ［正］ He is twenty years old.? ［正］ He is at the age of twenty.? ago ? ［误］ Tom's father has been dead five years ago.? ［正］ Tom's father died five years ago.? ［析］ ago 意为由说话时算起， 若干时间以前。 它只能和一般动词过去时连用， 而不要与完成时连用。? ［误］ Yesterday I met a friend. We didn't see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.? ［正］ Yesterday I met a friend. We hadn't seen each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.?［析］ 要注意的是在本句是 ago 是用在由 since 引起的从句之中，只是从句应 用过去时，但不影响主句的时态。? agree ? ［误］ Does the teacher agree to us?? ［正］ Does the teacher agree with us?? ［误］ Does he agree with our plan?? ［正］ Does he agree with us?? ［析］ agree with 指&同意某人的提议、建议、计划&等。如果要讲同意某项计 划则要用 agree to, 如：Do you agree to the plan?? all ? ［误］ The old man has two sons. All of them are workers.? ［正］ The old man has two sons. Both of them are workers.? ［析］ all 是指三者或以上的全部，而 both 则是指&两者都&。? ［误］ The all children are playing football now.? ［正］ All the children are playing football now.? ［析］ all 作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前，不论这些修饰词是定冠 词、指示代词、形容词或名词，或代词的所有格。? ［误］ You all are right.? ［正］ You are all right.? ［析］all 作同位语时其位置要置于 be 动词之后， 实意动词之前， The teachers 如： all work hard. 或用于第一助动词之后，如：The boys have all been waiting for their mothers.? almost ? ［误］ Nearly nobody thinks he is right.? ［正］ Almost nobody thinks he is right.? ［析］ nearly 与 almost 是近意词，其含意差别不大，但是与否定词连用时要用 almost, 例如：She brought almost no money with her. 此句中的 almost 不能用 nearly 替换。? alone ? ［误］ The old man lived lone but he didn't feel lonely.? ［正］ The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.? ［析］ alone, lone, lonely 三个词全具有&孤单、 孤独&之意。 但其用法不同： lone 可以作定语，而 alone 则只能作表语，lonely 则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独。? already ? ［误］ We are already for the work.? ［正］ We are all ready for the work.? ［析］ already 是副词， 其意为&已经&， He already knew about it. 而 all ready 如： 为形容词意为&准备好&。? already yet ? already 多用于肯定句中，例如：The students have already finished the work. 而yet 则多用于疑问句与否定句中， 如： Have you finished it yet? I haven't finished it yet.? also ? ［误］ I didn't find the dictionary also.? ［正］ I didn't find the dictionary either.? ［析］ 作为&也&讲，在否定句中要用 either 而不能用 also.? also too ? also 与 too 都可用在肯定句中表示&也&，但 also 通常用于 be 动词或情态动词之 后，如：I can also do it myself. 而 too 一般放于句尾。I'll attend his class, too.? always ? ［误］ Always he asked himself why he had come here.? ［正］ He always asked himself why he had come here.? ［析］ always 一般不能用于句首，它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助 动词之后，如：I've always thought he is honest. 又如：He is always late.? among ? ［误］ If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive? ［正］ If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive? ［析］ among 常用于三个事物或人物之间，而 between 则多用于两者之间。? an ? ［误］ This is an useful dictionary.? ［正］ This is a useful dictionary.? ［析］ 详见 a 条。? and ? ［误］ He did not speak loudly and clearly.? ［正］ He did not speak loudly nor clearly.? ［误］ Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.? ［正］ Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.? ［析］ &和&这一概念在肯定句中应用 and，但在否定句中则要用 or angry ? ［误］ My mother was angry to me.? ［正］ My mother was angry with me.? ［误］ He was angry with what I said.? ［正］ He was angry at what I said.? ［析］ 要注意 be angry 后面如果接人，表示&对某人生气不满&时应用 be angry with somebody. 但要接事物时要用 be angry at something.? another ? ［误］ I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.? ［正］ I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.?［析］ 要注意英语中 another, other, the other, the others, others 的不同用法，现 分别说明如下：another 作形容词其意为：泛指的另一个或再一个，别的，类似 的。一般在句中作定语，如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another 还可以作为代词用， One student said： want to play baskball.&another 如： &I said：&I want to play football.&? other 作形容词其意为&泛指其余的，别的&。如： I have other books besides these. 又如：Ask some other people please. the other 则 为特指，作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词，如：She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指，单数)又如：There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指，复数)但当 the other 作为代词时， 它代表的可以是单数， 也可以是复数， He has a book in one hand, 如： and a pen in the other. (单数)又如：There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys. 要注意的是当 the other 作主语时，其后面的谓语 动词要视具体情况而定，它可能是单数，也可能是复数。others 则只能作代词， 其意为 other ones 即为：泛指某些，某一部分人或物，如：Each of us must think of others. 而 the others 只能作为代词，它是特指某一些人或物，如：I know only one or the others are unknown to me. ? answer ? ［误］ Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.? ［正］ Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.? ［析］ answer 与 reply 是近意词，作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的， 如：The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合 则不易互换。 作为应答之意时则多用 answer， You should answer to your name. 如： Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.? any ? ［误］ Do you have some questions?? ［正］ Do you have any questions?? ［析］ some 一般要用于肯定句，而 any 则用于否定句或疑问句。? ［误］ China is larger than any other countries in Asia.? ［正］ China is larger than any other country in Asia.? ［析］ 要注意 any other 其后要跟单数名词，但 any of the other 其后要接复数 名词。? China ? is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.? ［误］ H you can choose anyone of these.? ［正］ H you can choose any one of these.? ［析］ anyone 只能指人，而 any one 即可指人 也可以指物。? around ? ［误］ The nine planets go around of the sun.? ［正］ The nine planets go around the sun.? ［析］ around 后面不要再加介词，如：The sun shines all around us.? around round ?作介词用的 around 与 round 通常可以互换，只不过美语常用 around，而英语常 用 round，例如：You can see the post office round/around that corner. (绕过那个弯 你就可以看到邮局。但是一定要区别它们的不同之处：round 可以用作形容词、 副词、 介词、 动词、 名词； around 只能用作副词或介词。 而 例如： The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介词). He has round face (用作形容词). The river rounded the stones. (用作动词)? arrive ? ［误］ I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.? ［正］ I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.? ［正］ I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.? ［误］ He arrived in the school at 11∶00.? ［正］ He arrived at the school at 11∶00.? ［析］ arrive 为不及物动词，当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词 in，而到达 较小的地方时则用 at, 如：arrive in New York, arrive at the village.? arrive reach get ? arrive 如上所述是不及物动词， reach 则是及物动词。 How did you reach the 而 如： school this morning? 而 get 可用作不及物动词，作&到达&讲时其后面多与 to 连 用。如：When did you get to New York?? as ? ［误］ This man works in the bank for a manager.? ［正］ This man works in the bank as a manager.? ［析］ as 与 for 有时是可以通用的。 This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但 如： 是用来指官衔、职位时只能用 as.? ［误］ My brother is so taller as Tom.? ［正］ My brother is as tall as Tom.? ［析］ as… as 之间只能用形容词与副词的原级，而不能用比较级。在否定句 中可以用 so…as，也可以用 as…as，但在肯定句中只能用 as…as，如：He is not so tall as Tom. ［误］ I'll give him the note as soon as he will come.? ［正］ I'll give him the note as soon as he comes.? ［析］ as soon as 所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。? ask ? ［误］ The student asked a question to the teacher.? ［正］ The student asked the teacher a question.? ［析］ ask 应接双宾语，即 ask somebody something.? ［误］ They asked some books.? ［正］ They asked for some books.? ［析］ 向某人要求某物时应用 ask somebody for something 或 ask for something from somebody, 如：He asked his mother for some money. 或 He asked for some money from his mother.?asleep ? ［误］ He is deeply asleep.? ［正］ He is fast asleep.? ［析］ 要讲&熟睡&，就要用 fast 来修饰 asleep。另外， 在英语中一般不讲 somebody is sleeping 而要用 asleep。关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有：go to sleep(如：The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.)， fall asleep(如：I fell asleep at English class yes terday.)? at ? ［误］ It will really do you no harm quite.? ［正］ It will really do you no harm at all.? ［析］ at all 和 quite 的汉语意思均为&全然&、 &确定的&， at all 适用于否定句， 但 例如：? -I'm sorry. I'm late.? -No trouble at all. ? 又如：I don't think it is right at all. 而 quite 则适用于肯定句，例如：He is quite a good teacher.? ［误］ The children play football for lunch.? ［正］ The children play football at lunch.? ［析］ 英语中的 at lunch 为&在吃午饭时&。这种惯用法还有 at work(在工作)， at table(在吃饭)， desk(在学习)。 for lunch 则是为午饭而准备的食物， at 而 又如： We had some milk for breakfast.? ［误］ There is a post office in the corner of the street.? ［正］ There is a post office at the corner of the street.? ［析］ at the corner 是指墙外面的角，而 in the corner 是指建筑物内部的角落。 例如：There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.? at in on ? 在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用 at， He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、 如： 下午时要用 in,如：I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是，in the morning 和 in the afternoon 这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词， 其介词要换为 on， 如：on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如：See you on Monday morning. 如讲到具体的某一天，要用 on, 如：on Sunday, 如：I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在谈到周、 月、 季、 年时要用 in， 如： the children All will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活 节、感恩节时都用 at, 如：Where are you going at Easter.?B?back ?［误］ I'm sorry. I have to back home.? ［正］ I'm sorry. I have to go back home.? ［正］ I'm sorry. I have to go home.? ［析］ back 用作&回到(某处)&之意，不是动词。? be ? ［误］ Where do you from?? ［正］ Where are you from?? ［析］ &你从何处来&应为 Where are you from?或 Where do you come from? 但 要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问&你是从什么地方 来?&应讲 Where did you come from? 回答用 I came from the library.? beat ? ［误］ We have won your class.? ［正］ We have beaten your class.? ［正］ We have won the game.? ［析］ win 是胜过之意，它是及物动词，但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖 品、奖金的名称，如：Which team won the football match? 而 beat 指打败对手、 敌人……如：My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是，beat 的过去式与原形相 同，而过去分词为 beaten)。? ［误］ The ball beat me badly.? ［正］ The ball hit me badly.? ［误］ He used to hit the little boy black and blue.? ［正］ He used to beat the little boy black and blue.? ［析］ beat 指打击多次，而 hit 则为击中对方的一次性打击。? beautiful ? ［误］ He is a beautiful boy.? ［正］ He is a handsome boy.? ［析］ 我们可以讲 She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要讲男人的& 英俊&时要用 handsome.? because ? ［误］ The reason why I was late is because I was ill.? ［正］ The reason why I was late is that I was ill.? ［误］ Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.? ［正］ Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.? ［析］ 这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同， 中文常讲我来晚了的 原因是因为我病了，而英文中的第二个因为要用 that 代替。又因中文常讲因 为……所以……，而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了，同样用了&所以&也就 不要再用&因为&一词。 例如： Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或 者：We study hard so we passed the exam easily.? because because of ? because 后要接从句， 例如： like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. We而 because of 后要接名词作介词宾语， He is not at school because of the illness. 如： ? before ? ［误］ We have two hours to kill before we will go home.? ［正］ We have two hours to kill before we go home.? ［析］ kill time 意为&消磨时光&。? 英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 If it rains we will not go to 如： the park. ［误］ I did this work two days before.? ［正］ I did this work two days ago.? ［析］ 用 ago 组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时， before 引起 而 的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时， I has done this work a few days 如： before.? before long long before ? before long 是&不久&之意， 例如：I shall go to America before long. 而 long before 则是&很久很久&之意，如：We knew this teacher long before we saw him. (我们在 看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。)? begin ? ［误］ The meeting will begin from Monday.? ［正］ The meeting will begin on Monday.? ［误］ The film has begun for ten minutes.? ［正］ The film has been on for ten minutes.? ［析］ begin 是瞬间动词，所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语，如： The film has begun. 这句话是对的，即&电影已经开始&。但要讲已经开始 10 分 钟了则要用 has been on 即&上演了 10 分钟&。? begin start ? begin 与 start 两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以，且意思并无区别，但在表达 习惯时接动名词的用法较多， How old wern you when you first started learning 如： English?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式，如：I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主语是物而不是人，则多用不定式，如：The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态 时，要用不定式，如：The student began to understand his mistakes.? ［误］ They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.? ［正］ They study hard in the class from beginning to end.? ［析］ from beginning to end 是习惯用法，即自始至终，不要加冠词，但如单 独使用则要加冠词，例如：At the beginning,the teacher gave us an exam.? behind ? ［误］ He missed the class because he was behind the time.? ［正］ He missed the class because he was behind time.? ［析］ behind time 一短语意为&晚了&，而 behind the times 意为&落后于时代&。behind 是介词同时又是副词， Come out from behind the door(介词). He's a long 如 way behind(副词). He fell behind with his classmates(副词).? below ? ［误］ What's that below the chair.? ［正］ What's that under the chair.? ［析］ under 意为&正下方&，而 below 意为&比……低&，或指&在下游&。如： There is a fall below the river. (河的下游有一个瀑布。 )其反义词为 over， There 如： is a big plane flying over the city. 但在&下面的例子&一表达语中则要用 the example below, 而不要用 under.? beside ? ［误］ The students stood besides the teacher.? ［正］ The students stood beside the teacher.? ［误］ I study English beside Chinese.? ［正］ I study English besides Chinese.? ［析］ beside 意为&在……旁边&，而 besides 是&除……以外(还如何)&。? beside by near ? beside 意为&在……旁&，如：There is a tall tree beside the river. by 多指&倚、靠&、 &沿着&之意， She is standing by the window. near 多用来表示两地间距离不远， 如： 如：There is a post office near our school.? better ? ［误］ You had better to do it at home.? ［正］ You had better do it at home.? ［误］ You hadn't better wake me up at six.? ［正］ You had better not wake me up at six.? ［析］ had better 在肯定句中为&应该作某事&，其后加不带 to 的不定式，而在 否定句中应用 had better+not+动词原形。在简答语中 had 常省略为'd，如：You'd better not. 又如： ? Let's ? go first. No, we'd better not.? between ? ［误］ Among the two trees there is a space of the feet.? ［正］ Between the two trees there is a space of the feet.? ［析］ 两者之间多用 between，三者或三者以上之间则用 among.? ［误］ You must choose between this club or that club.? ［正］ You must choose between this club and that club.? ［析］ 在两个之间作出选择要用 between…and…，而不能用 between…or…. ? big ? ［误］ There was a big rain last night.? ［正］ There was a heavy rain last night.? ［析］ 大雨在英语中只能用 a heavy rain 而不要用 a big rain. ?bit ? ［误］ He is a bit fool. ? ［正］ He is a bit of a fool.? ［析］ a bit 可以作程度副词，与 a little 相同，但它用于名词前应用 a bit of, 而 用于形容词前则应用 a bit，如：I'm a bit tired, 而其简答的否定句应为 Not a bit, (一点儿也不。)又如：? -Do you mind if I open the door?? -Not a bit. ? black ? ［误］ The children became black after swimming in the sea.? ［正］ The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.? ［析］ 因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑，不应用 black 而应用 sunburned, sun colour 或 dark.? ［误］ The girl has black eyes and black hair.? ［正］ The girl has dark eyes and black hair.? ［析］ 英语中 black eyes 的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。? ［误］ The Europeans like red tea.? ［正］ The Europeans like black tea.? ［析］ 红茶在英文中应为 black tea. 这种惯用法还有： black and blue(鼻青脸肿， 青一块紫一块)；black ? and ? white(黑白电视片)。go black 意为&在失去知觉 时眼前一片黑暗&；look black 意为&情况不妙，前景暗淡&。如：After the fight he was black and blue.On TV, I like colour for something and black ? and ? white for others.? body ? ［误］ Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.? ［正］ Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health.? ［析］ 中文常讲对你身体有利，而英文中则讲对你健康有利。? borrow ? ［误］ May I lend some books from the library?? ［正］ May I borrow some books from the library?? ［误］ How long can I borrow it?? ［正］ How long can I keep it?? ［析］ 英语中有三个词都可译为&借&，但意义各不相同如：&借入&是 borrow， 其常用句型结构是 borrow something from somebody，这是个瞬间性动词，不可 与表示延续的时间状语连用。 例如： students want to borrow some books from The the library. &借出&用 lend，即借给别人东西。其常用句型是 lend somebody something, 或 lend something to somebody.例如： Could you lend us your dictionary? 或 Could you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬间性动词，也不能与延续的时 间状语连用。keep 则是延续性动词，可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用，也可与 how long 等疑问词连用，如：You can keep it for three days.? born (bear 的过去分词)? ［误］ I born in Shanghai.? ［正］ I was born in Shanghai.? ［误］ He was born from Greek parents.? ［正］ He was born of Greek parents.? ［析］&出身于……样的家庭&不要作 from 而要用 of， 例如： was born of a poor He family. both ? ［误］ They both are students.? ［正］ They are both students.? ［误］ They refuse both to answer this question.? ［正］ They both refuse to answer this question.? ［析］ both 作同位语时，一般要用在 be 动词之后实意动词之前。 ［误］ I know his both parents.? ［正］ I know both his parents.? ［误］ The both brothers were students.? ［正］ Both the brothers were students.? ［正］ Both brothers were students.? ［析］ 当 both 与形容词性物主代词 my, his, her 等以及定冠词 the 连用时，都 应将这些词置于 both 之后。另外，在与定冠词连用时 the 可以省略。? ［误］ Both of my parents are not at home.? ［正］ Neither of my parents are at home.? ［误］ Both of your answers are not right.? ［正］ Neither of your answers is right.? ［正］ Both your answers are wrong.? ［析］ both 不能用于否定句中作主语。表示&两者都不&时要用但作宾 语时 both 与 either 则都对，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I cannot give both of the books to you. (我不能将两本书全给你。)而 I cannot give either of the books to you. (两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)? bring ? ［误］ Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.? ［正］ Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.? ［误］ Next time, please take your little sister here.? ［正］ Next time, please bring your little sister here.? ［析］ 英语中 bring 是&带来&，而 take 是&带走&。还有一个词 fetch, 表示&到某 处去把某物取、接回来&。如：Please fetch the doctor at once.? business ? ［误］ My father went to Shanghai for business.? ［正］ My father went to Shanghai on business.?［析］ on business 出差? busy ? ［误］ The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.? ［正］ The students were very busy preparing for the exam.? ［析］ be busy doing something 为&忙于作某事&? ［误］ The students were busy for the exam.? ［正］ The students were busy with the exam.? ［析］ busy 直接接名词时应用 with.? but ? ［误］ He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.? ［正］ He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.? ［误］ She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.? ［正］ She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.? ［析］ couldn't help 其后应接动名词， 表示情不自禁的动作， couldn't help but 但 后面要加动词原形即省 to 的不定式，所以前一句应译为&他才真正认识到他错 了。& ? buy ? ［误］ I have bought this dictionary for three years.? ［正］ I have had this dictionary for three years.? ［析］ buy 是截止性(即瞬间)动词，它可以有完成时，如：I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了 3 年了则要用 have had 这一结构即我拥有这本字典已 3 年了。? by ? ［误］ The boy shot the cat by a gun.? ［正］ The boy shot the cat with a gun.? ［误］ He came to school by a taxi this morning.? ［正］ He came to school by taxi this morning.? ［析］ 作为某种运输手段来讲， 与名词间不能有冠词， by car, by bike, by by 如： air 等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词，则应用别的相应的介词，如：&我们今天早 上是乘他的车来的&一句应译为：We came here in his car this morning.?与 by 结 合而成的词组很多， 常用的有： the way 顺便说说； hand 手工制作； oneself by by by 独自地；by no means 决不。?Ccall ? ［误］ I'll call at Mr Brown.?［正］ I'll call on Mr Brown.? ［误］ I'll call on Mr Brown's home.? ［正］ I'll call at Mr Brown's home.? ［析］ 作&拜访&讲时，at 后面接访问地点，而 on 后面接访问的人。 ? call on drop in visit ? call on 比较正式的为公务的访问，如：We were called on by the old students. 而 drop in 则是比较随便的走走，顺便拜访，如：If you're free, drop in. 而 visit 则 是更正式的外交访问或友好往来，如：My school's headmaster will visit America next week.? can ? ［误］ A blind man can not judge colours.? ［正］ A blind man cannot judge colours.? ［误］ I cann't call for you at ten.? ［正］ I can't call for you at ten.? ［析］ can 的否定形式应为 cannot 或 can't.? ［误］ It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.? ［正］ It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.? ［析］ must 用来表示一种肯定的推断，如：She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但 在 否 定 句 中 则 要 用 can't ， 要 表 示 对 过 去 的 推 测 则 要 用 &must+have+过去分词&的表达法，如：The lights have gone out.A fuse must have blown.而对过去的否定推测则多用&? can't ?+have+过去分词&， I don't think 如： he can have heard you. Call again.? ［误］ We could not help to laugh at once.? ［正］ We could not help laughing at once.? ［正］ We could not help but laugh at once.? ［析］&couldn't help+动名词&表示禁不住做了某事。 could not help but 与 could 但 not but 后面要加不带 to 的不定式，意思都是不得不去做某事.如：You could not (help) but respect him.? can be able to ? can 与 be able to 都可以用来表示能力，但 can 只有现在时与过去时，be able to 则可用任何时态，如：He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达 到的一次性动作则只能用 be able to， 如： finally was able to jump over 2 ? 10 He meters. 或：The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词 都没有进行时态，而 be able to 后面不接不定式的被动态。? can could ? can 与 could 都可以用在现在时的口语中， 只是用 could 更为礼貌， 语气更委婉。 如：Could you tell us a story? care ? ［误］ I don't care coffee.? ［正］ I don't care for coffee.?［误］ Take care for your steps.? ［正］ Take care of your steps.? ［析］ care for 是&对某物感兴趣&，而 care of 是&关心，要当心某事&，如：She didn't care for him. Take care of what you are doing.? ［误］ I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.? ［正］ I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.? ［析］ 在 it doesn't matter, I don't care, I don't mind, 及 in case 引出的状语从句后 面要用现在时表示将来。如：I've got a football in case we have time for a game. ? change ? ［误］ I want to change my camera with that one.? ［正］ I want to change my camera for that one.? ［析］ change for 为&以某物为交换物&。而 change with 则是&随……而变&，如： The wood's colour changed with the season.? cheap ? ［误］ A teacher's salary is generally very cheap.? ［正］ A teacher's salary is generally very low.? ［析］ 工资的高低要用 low，cheap 是指价格便宜，如果要讲物美价廉则要用 not expensive, 如：This car is not expensive.? choose ? ［误］ We each had to have a choose of A or B.? ［正］ We each had to have a choice of A or B.? ［析］ choice 是名词，而 choose 是动词。? class ? ［误］ The class is watching TV.? ［正］ The class are watching TV.? ［析］ class 作主语时，如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词，如：The class was more than forty in number. 如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形 式的谓语动词，如：The class are, in general, very bright.? clean ? ［误］ Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I cleanly forgot.? ［正］ Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I clean forgot.? ［析］ clean 可以作为副词讲，其意为&完全&，而 cleanly 则意为&正确地&、& 干净利落地&，如：The knife doesn't cut cleanly. 而 clean 作为形容词讲时意为& 清洁的&、&干净的&，如：Her face is not clean now.? clever ? ［误］ I'm not clever in English.? ［正］ I'm not clever at English.? ［析］ clever at 是固定搭配，表示在某方面有特长。? close ?［误］ It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.? ［正］ It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.? ［析］ 这里的 close 是动词， 意为&关闭&， keep 后要加形容词， 而 所以要用 close 的过去分词形式 closed 作形容词。作形容词用的 close 意为&近的&、&亲密的&。 ? ［误］ Come closely so that I can see you.? ［正］ Come close so that I can see you.? ［误］ Good teaching and good testing are close related.? ［正］ Good teaching and good testing are closely related.? ［析］ close,closely 同样可以作副词用，但其意义不同，close 是&靠近&、&接近 &之意，而 closely 则是&紧密&、&严密&、&密切&之意。? ［误］ My school was quite close from my home.? ［正］ My school was quite close to my home.? ［析］ &与……接近&是 close to…，例如：? He was close to fifty.? There is a bus ? stop close to the station.? close shut turn ? shut 与 close 是同义词，如 close the door 或 shut the door. 但要讲把某人关在门 外时则只能用 shut somebody out 而不能用 close，因 shut 语气较强，并含有隔 离之意。而 turn off 是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类，有切断之意。? cloth ? ［误］ The children wear very good cloth to go to school.? ［正］ The children wear very good clothes to go to school.? ［误］ I need a lot of clothing.? I'm going to make a new cloth. ? ［正］ I need a lot of cloth.? I'm going to make a new dress. ? ［析］ cloth 是&布&、&布料&，没有复数形式。一块布料是 a piece of cloth, 而 clothes 统指衣服，是复数名词，&一套衣服&要讲 a suit of clothes， 如果是&一件 件衣服&应讲 shirt, dress, sweater 等。而 clothing 是衣物的总称，是不可数名词。 例如：This clothing is needed in warm countries.Her clothes are made of fine cloth. ?英语中的 dress 是指比较正式的服装， a school dress(校服)， student dress(学 如 a 生套装)，a working dress(工作服)。? coffee ? ［误］ Please give me two waters.? ［正］ Please give me two coffees.? ［正］ Please give me two cups of water.? ［析］ 虽然 coffee, water, tea 等都是物质名词，但是只有 coffee 可用 coffees 取 代若干杯 coffee,而其他的却不行，其前要加 a cup of 或 a glass of.? colour(color) ?［误］ Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.? ［正］ Flowers are red, yellow and white.? ［析］ 中文的&花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色&，若译为英文 Colours of flowers are…，就显得重复了。? ［误］ I like green colour.? ［正］ I like green.? ［正］ I like colour green.? ［析］ colour green 中的 colour 是 green 的同位语，所以这种说话方式英语是 可以接受的。? come ? ［误］ I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.? ［正］ I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.? ［析］ come across 是&偶然碰见、 遇见&， 要直接加宾语， I've just come across 如： a beautiful poem in this magazine.? ［误］ Where do you come from?? I come from the station. ? ［正］ Where did you come from?? I came from the station. ? ［正］ Where do you come from?? I come from China. ? ［析］ Where do you come from?意为&你是什么地方的人?&?而 Where did you come from?则是&你从何处来?& ? ［误］ The stars are coming out from the cloud.? ［正］ The stars are coming out of the cloud.? ［析］ come out of 意为&从……地方出来&。? come in come into enter ? come in 与 come into 的意义相同，但 come into 后面要加宾语，而 come in 后面 不用宾语。如 I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.? enter 常作为及物动词使用，如：The bus entered the English tunnel.? congratulate ? ［误］ I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.? ［正］ I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.? ［析］ 动词 congratulate somebody on something 是&向某人祝贺某事&。其名词 congratulation 在用时一般要用复数，如：I offered him my congratulations on his success. 又如：Congratulations!? cook ? ［误］ My father is a good cooker.? ［正］ My father is a good cook.?［析］ 很多动词加上? er 则变为执行该动作的一种人， work ? worker,teach 如 ? teacher. 但 cook 即是动词&做饭&，同时名词也是&厨师&。而 cooker 则是&厨 具&、 &炊具&之意。 I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高压锅)。 如： ? corner ? ［误］ There is a post office in the corner of the street.? ［正］ There is a post office at the corner of the street.? ［误］ A girl sat at the corner of the room.? ［正］ A girl sat in the corner of the room.? ［析］ in the corner 是在建筑物内部的角上，而 at the corner 是在外部的角上， 如：There is a big tree at the corner of the building.? cost ? ［误］ I cost ten dollars for the book.? ［正］ I spent ten dollars on the book.? ［误］ I cost two hours to do my homework.? ［正］ It took me two hours to do my homework.? ［析］ cost, spend. take 都可以作&花费&讲，但用法不同。cost 的用法是 &something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱&， The book cost me ten dollars. spend 如： 的用法是&somebody+spend+时间+(in)doing something&， I spent two hours (in) 如： writing this book. 或&somebody+spend+金钱+on something&，如：I spend two dollars on this book. 而 take 的用法则要用逻辑主语 it:&It+takes+somebody+时间 +to do something&, 如：It took me an hour to clean the classroom.? country ? ［误］ You can find cows in a country.? ［正］ You can find cows in the country.? ［析］ country 即可作&国家&讲，也可作&农村&讲。当作&农村&讲时，一定要加 定冠词，而且只有单数形式。例如：? ［误］ Farmers live in the countries.? ［正］ Farmers live in the country.? ［析］ 但作为&国家&讲时则可有单、复数形式，例如：Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外，country 一般指的是地理概念上 的国家，如：New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而 nation 多指民族组成的国 家，如：The Chinese nation(中华民族)。state 多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家 范围，如：the state farm(国营农场)。? cross ? ［误］ There are traffic lights at the cross.? ［正］ There are traffic lights at the crossing.? ［析］ cross 作为名词讲时是十字架、 十字形的东西， Red Cross(红十字会)。 如： ? ［误］ The little boy is going to across the street.?［正］ The little boy is going to cross the street.? ［析］ across 是副词或介词，但不能作动词用。? cross pass ? cross 是指横过某地， 如： crossed the square. 而 pass 则强调从某物体旁经过， He 如：I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.? crowd ? ［误］ The room soon was crowded by people.? ［正］ The room soon was crowded with people.? ［析］ crowded 在这句话中应作为形容词，所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表 结构，如：The room was crowded with books.? cup ? ［误］ A silver glass was given to the winner.? ［正］ A silver cup was given to the winner.? ［误］ My mother was looking for the whisky cup.? ［正］ My mother was looking for the whisky glass.? ［析］ glass 一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而 cup 多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子， 且 cup 尤其用在奖杯上。 喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子， 如我们讲 I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不讲 I drink a cup of wine at supper.?D?dance ? ［误］ We'll invite you and your wife to a dance party.? ［正］ We'll invite you and your wife to a dancing party.? ［正］ We'll invite you and your wife to a dance.? ［正］ We'll invite you and your wife to a ball.(美语中常用 ball 作为舞会。)? date ? ［误］ He studied ten hours a date.? ［正］ He studied ten hours a day.? ［析］ date 是指具体日期。如问 What's the date today? 应回答具体日期： &October 1st 1998.&而 day 是指 1 日(24 小时)。 What day is today? 问的是星期 如 几，应回答&It's Sunday.& ［误］ Today's date is January first. 1998.? ［正］ Today's date is January 1， 1998.? ［正］ Today's date is January 1st， 1998.? ［析］ 在日期书写中不要用序数词全写，而要用 1st， 2nd， 3rd……如果一 定要用序数词，其顺序应为：It is the first of January.? day ? ［误］ This is a book about every day English.?［正］ This is a book about everyday English.? ［正］ This is an everyday English book.? ［误］ We go to school everyday.? ［正］ We go to school every day.? ［析］ everyday 是形容词，意为&日常的&，而 every day 则是&每天&、&天天& 之意。? dead ? ［误］ My father has died for ten years.? ［正］ My father has been dead for ten years.? ［析］ die 是瞬间动词，它可以用于完成时，如：My father has died. 但用于完 成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 它也可以用于过去时， My father died 如： three years ago ［误］ We'll always remember the deads who were killed in the war.? ［正］ We'll always remember the dead who were killed in the war.? ［析］ 形容词前如加定冠词表示一类人，如 the rich(富人)，the sick(病人)，the poor(穷人)，其后的谓语动词要用复数，如：The rich are not always happy.? dead deadly ? dead 在某些词组里是&完全&、&的确&的意思，如 dead right, dead tired, dead sure。 而 deadly 则是&致命的&， The rich man had many deadly enemies. 又如： 如： Cancer is a deadly disease. ? dead died ? dead 是形容词，如：Mrs Ginty was dead. 而 died 是动词 die 的过去式及过去分 词， 如： She died in 1960.但英语中如表达出对某人去世的伤感说法是 pass away, 如：My father passed away, this morning.? deer ? ［误］ In the zoo, there are many deers.? ［正］ In the zoo, there are many deer.? ［析］ deer 是单、 复数同形的词， one deer， deer， 如： two 这样的名词还有 fish， sheep 等。但如果讲 There are many fishes here. 这句话应译为&这里有许多种鱼 类。&而不应译为&这里有很多鱼。&? desk ? ［误］ The boy sat in his desk.? ［正］ The boy sat at his desk.? ［析］ 在课桌旁坐着应用介词 at, 而 at desk 则应译为&在学习&，at table 应译 为&在吃饭&。? die ? ［误］ In South Africa many people died from cancer.? ［正］ In South Africa many people died of cancer.? ［误］ The old man died of overwork.? ［正］ The old man died from overwork.?［析］ 死于疾病应用 die of，而死于某种外因事故则多用 from.? ［误］ His mother is died.? ［正］ His mother is dead.? ［误］ The old woman was dead at the age of seventy.? ［正］ The old woman died at the age of seventy.? ［析］ dead 是形容词，而 die 是动词。形容词表示状态，动词则表示动作。? ［误］ He died in a traffic accident.? ［正］ He was killed in a traffic accident.? ［析］ 由于事故而造成的死亡一般用 to be killed.? ［误］ When the doctor came，the old man had already died.? ［正］ When the doctor came，the old man was already dead.? ［正］ The old man died before the doctor came.? different ? ［误］ My room is different with yours.? ［正］ My room is different from yours.? ［误］ The village is very different with what it was.? ［正］ The village is very different from what it was.? ［析］ different from 是&与……不同&之意。? difficult ? ［误］ English is very difficult to be learned.? ［正］ English is very difficult to learn.? ［误］ He learned physics is difficult.? ［正］ It is very difficult for him to learn physics.? ［析］ 要学习英语的表达法而不要生硬地按字去译中文。It is difficult for somebody to do something.为&对于某人来说做某事很困难。&? difficulty ? ［误］ There was little difficulty to find him.? ［正］ There was little difficulty in finding him.? ［析］ 这种用法还有 trouble, 即 difficulty (trouble) in doing something. dinner ? ［误］ When did you have the supper?? ［正］ When did you have supper?? ［析］ 英语中一日三餐前无冠词，例如：? ［误］ I had a lunch at 12 o'clock.? ［正］ I had lunch at 12 o'clock.? ［析］ 在某些特定场合， 如指某次宴会， 则要加冠词， 如： The dinner was given in honour of the guest.? dress ? ［误］ My father bought a new dress for himself yesterday.? ［正］ My father bought a new suit for himself yesterday.?［析］ 一般来讲男套装用 suit，女服则用 dress；作男服的服装店是 tailor shop (tailor's), 而做女装的服装店是 dressmaker's.? ［误］ The mother dressed the clothes on her child.? ［正］ The mother dressed her child.? ［析］ dress 作及物动词当&穿衣服&讲时，其后不能接衣服而只能接人，如： The boy is still too young to dress himself. 但作为一种穿着打扮的状态时，则多 用其过去分词作形容词，如：He is not dressed in his new suit.或 She is dressed in red. 词组 dress up 是过节日时应服装整齐，如：They dressed up for the holiday. dress have on put on wear ? 要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。表示状态的 动词是 have on 和 wear，如：He has on a white coat. He was wearing heavy shoes. 而 put on 则表示穿衣的动作，如：Put on your coat,it is cold outside.而 dress 即可 以作状态又可以作动作，作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服，作穿着状态时 则多用 dressed 的形式。 I saw a lady dressed in red. I saw a girl dressing herself. 如： ? drop ? ［误］ The students fell their voice.? ［正］ The students dropped their voice.? ［析］ drop 与 fall 都可以表示&落下、掉下&之意，有时可以互换，如：The dictionary fell (dropped) from the table. 但 drop 还可以作及物动词，而 fall 一般 只能作不及物动词。? ［误］ I shall drop in you.? ［正］ I shall drop in on you.? ［析］ drop in 是随便拜访某人，而其后要接人时应加介词 on 再加人称。? during ? ［误］ During I was sick，I couldn't eat well.? ［正］ While I was sick，I couldn't eat well.? ［析］ during 后不能接从句，而 when 和 while 后可接从句。? ［误］ I have been studying English during three days.? ［正］ I have been studying English for three days.? ［析］ during 不能表达一个动作持续多长的时间，而只能表达在某段时间内某 事件的发生。即带有由 during 引导的时间状语的句子只能用过去时，不能用完 成时。?E? each ?［误］ Every of them has his habit.? ［正］ Each of them has his habit.? ［析］ each 可以作形容词，但也可作代词，而 every 只能作形容词。? ［误］ The manager comes to America almost each month.? ［正］ The manager comes to America almost every month.? ［析］ each 与 every 都作形容词讲时，都有&每个&之意，但有不同。each 多指 个体，而 every 则多指整体。如：We want every student to succeed. each 不同来 表达总体概念，所以不能与 almost, nearly， likely 等词连用。? ［误］ We each has a book.? ［正］ We each have a book.? ［析］ each 作同位语时，其数应与其同位的名词相同，而 each 作主语时则应 取其单数形式。 ? each other one another ? each other 与 one another 这两个词组的区别在很多语法书中强调 each other 是两 者之间， one another 是多者之间， 而 其实不然， All students must care for each 如： other, must love and help each other. 事实上这两个词组是同义的，如果要讲有什 么区别的话，当我们非常笼统地谈，而不特指什么人时，多用 one another.? early ? ［误］ Could you come here more early?? ［正］ Could you come here earlier?? ［析］ 单音节和少数双音节副词的比较级和最高级要用? er 和? est 来作其结 尾，如 fast, soon, early, hard, long, near 等。? earth ? ［误］ What on the earth do you mean?? ［正］ What on earth do you mean?? ［析］ on earth 这一词组在句中为的是加强语气，其意为&究竟&、&到底&。而 作为&地球&讲时则要加定冠词，如：How far is the earth from the moon. 而作为& 泥土&讲时则为不可数名词，如：He filled the pot with earth and wanted to plant some flowers.? easy ? ［误］ You can easy imagine my surprise.? ［正］ You can easily imagine my surprise.? ［析］ easy 只在有限的词组中被用作副词，如 take it easy (不要紧张)，go easy, stand easy 等。 例如： Easy come, easy go. (钱来的容易花的也快. )Easier said than done. (说的容易做着难。) ? east ? ［误］ Japan is on the east of China.? ［正］ Japan is to the east of China.? ［析］ 在讲述地理位置时，有 3 个介词常用，它们是 in, on 和 to, 其中 in 表示 处于所表达的范围之内， Shanghai is in the east of China. on 则表示双方接壤， 如：如： North Korea is on the northeast of China. 而表示互不相接的两部分时则用 to, 如：Taiwan is to the east of Fujian.? either ? ［误］ -I don't like opera. ?-I don't like too. ? ［正］ -I don't like opera. ?-I don't like either. ? ［析］ 在否定句中用 either 表示&也&，而在肯定句中用 too 表示&也&。? ［误］ Either you or I are right.? ［正］ Either you or I am right.? ［析］ 这在语法书中被称作就近原则，即哪个主语离谓语动词近，则应采用与 哪个主语相一致的谓语动词，相同用法的还有 neither…nor…，not only…but also…，以及 or 在连接两个主语时。如：You or he is to go home. The others will have to stay in the classroom.? elder ? ［误］ My older brother has gone to Shanghai.? ［正］ My elder brother has gone to Shanghai.? ［析］ 在表示兄姐的长幼时应用 elder 表示&哥哥姐姐&，如：my elder sister 姐 姐，但表示岁数时则多用 older，如：She is two years older than I.? empty ? ［误］ Are these seats empty?? ［正］ Are these seats taken?? ［析］ empty 是指空洞的没有任何物体，如：The house was empty, 其意思是 没有任何家具或屋内无人。但座位是否有人坐应用 take.? English ? ［误］ My sister studied English language very well.? ［正］ My sister studied the English language very well.? ［正］ My sister studied English very well.? ［析］ 在泛指某一种学科时，不应加冠词，如：I like history.但如特指某一门 学科时则应加冠词，如：He likes the history of America.? enjoy ? ［误］ I enjoy to play football.? ［正］ I enjoy playing football.? ［析］ enjoy 后要接动名词，而不接不定式。? ［误］ Did you enjoy at the English evening?? ［正］ Did you enjoy yourself at the English evening?? enough ? ［误］ I'm sorry. You are not studying enough carefully.? ［正］ I'm sorry. You are not studying carefully enough.? ［析］ enough 要用在形容词或副词之后。?［误］ Do you have enough of money?? ［正］ Do you have enough money?? ［正］ Do you have enough of the money?? ［误］ The coffee isn't enough.? ［正］ There isn't enough coffee.? ［析］ enough 可以作 be 动词的表语， 但其主语应是代词， 如： That's enough. It was ? enough.? 如果是名词时应换用上面的句型。? entrance ? ［误］ The entrance of the cinema is on your right.? ［正］ The entrance to the cinema is on your right.? ［析］ 在表示通往某处时 entrance 后面多用 to 作介词。这样的用法还有 key to the door, answer to the question 等。? evening ? ［误］ I walked home in a cold evening.? ［正］ I walked home on a cold evening.? ［析］ in the evening 这一词组如加上另外的修饰词则其介词应换为 on.? everyone ? ［误］ Everyone of you goes to class.? ［正］ Every one of you goes to class.? ［析］ everyone 其后不能接 of 结构。在否定句中如果要讲&每一个人都没有注 意到它&，就译作：Nobody noticed it. 要注意 Every one of us is not right. 应译为 &我们不都对。&而 None of us are right. 才应译为&我们全错了。&? exam ? ［误］ We take part in an exam.? ［正］ We take an exam.? ［析］ take part in 为&参加&某种活动，运动，而在学科中选择某一学科学习并 进行考试应用 take.? except ? ［误］ The room is clean except two desks.? ［正］ The room is clean except for two desks.? ［误］ I come here every day except for Sunday.? ［正］ I come here every day except Sunday.? ［析］ 在同一类物体中排除某一部分用 except, 在不同类物体中排除某一物体 时用 except for。而 except that 其后接从句，如：She is a good girl except that she is careless sometimes. ?而 besides 则是&包括在内&，如&我学习英语同时还学法 语。&应译为：I study English besides French.? exercise ? ［误］ The students exercise spoken English in the morning.? ［正］ The students practise spoken English in the morning.? ［析］ exercise 多指运动、训练，而 practise 则多指把理论付诸于实践的练习。? ［误］ Everyone should do exercises every day.? ［正］ Everyone should do exercise every day.? ［析］ 作为运动讲 exercise 是不可数名词，而当&练习&、&体操&、&早操&则是 可数名词，例如：I do a lot exercises in the P.E. class.?F?fail ? ［误］ Tom failed his exam.? ［正］ Tom failed in his exam.? ［正］ Tom failed to pass the exam.? ［析］ fail 为不及物动词，其后可用 in 加名词，或直接接不定式。? family ? ［误］ I'm sorry I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me.? ［误］ I'm sorry I have to go. Tom's family is waiting for me.? ［正］ I'm sorry I have to go. Tom's family are waiting for me.? ［析］ family 是集合名词，把它当作整体看它是单数，如看作家庭中的每个成 员则为复数。如：Your family are very kind to me. My family is very large.? far ? ［误］ My school is ten miles far from here.? ［正］ My school is ten miles away from here.? ［析］ far 一般不与实际距离连用。? ［误］ &Did you walk far?& ?&Yes，I walked far.& ? ［正］ &Did you walk far?& ?&Yes, I walked a long way.& ? ［析］ 一般肯定句中不用 far 单独作状语，而用 a long way.far 组成的常用词组 有：as far as. ①远至，一直到。如：He walked as far as the station. ②就……而 言。 As far as he was concerned these books were very good. ③只要。 I can 如： 如： help you as far as I can.? so for 到目前为止。例：He is very well so far.? farther further ? far 有两个比较级，即 farther 和 further，其意思略有不同：farther 主要用于表示 距离的远近， 如： Milan is farther away than Rome. 而 further 则是指&进一步的&， 如：Will we need any further discussion on this matter.? fast ? ［误］ A fast train runs fastly.? ［正］ A fast train runs fast.? ［析］ fast 其形容词与副词形式相同。?fast soon ? fast 指行动本身的速度快， 如： The foreigner speaks too fast. 而 soon 则多指两个 动作之间间隔短，时间到来的迅速，如：She will come soon.? feel ? ［误］ I feel badly about my mistakes.? ［正］ I feel bad about my mistakes.? ［析］ 感观动词如 feel, smell 等后面要接形容词而不是副词。feel good 是指某 人精神好，而 feel well 是指人身体状况良好。? ［误］ I try not to hurt her feeling.? ［正］ I try not to hurt her feelings.? ［析］ feeling 在作&感情&讲时要用复数，而作&感觉&讲则要用单数。如：I have a feeling that we will win the game.? few ? ［误］ Few of them is very good.? ［正］ Few of them are very good.? ［析］ few 意为&几乎没有&， 但要用复数谓语动词。 如果讲有一些人应用 a few, 如：There were only a few people in the street.? ［误］ There are less farms than there used to be.? ［正］ There are fewer farms than there used to be.? ［析］ few 的比较级为 fewer，其后接可数名词；而 little 的 比较级为 less，其 后接不可数名词。? field ? ［误］ He is a famous scientist on the field of physics.? ［正］ He is a famous scientist in the field of physics.? ［析］ in the field 是&在田野上&或是&在某一学科领域内&，而 on the field 则多 指&在战场上&。如：He lost his life on the battle field.? fill ? ［误］ She filled orange into my glass.? ［正］ She filled my glass with orange.? ［析］ 表示要用某种物品装满某容器时要用 fill with 词组， The boy ran back 如： home filled with joy.? fill full ? fill 是动词，但有及物与不及物两种用法，当表示&充满&之意时是不及物动词， 应用 fill with，如：The little girl's eyes filled with tears. 而当表示&使……装满某 物&时，是及物动词，如：He filled his pocket with books. 而 be filled with 应看作 系表结构，如：The boy's mother was filled with anger. full 是形容词，要用 be full of 这一词组，如：The boy was full of joy.? find ? ［误］ He has finded his lost bike.? ［正］ He has found his lost bike.?［析］ find 是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词均是 found。但 found 一词又 意为&建立&，它是规则动词，其过去式及过去分词均为 founded.? ［误］ It is very difficult to look for a suitable job.? ［正］ It is very difficult to find a suitable job.? ［析］ look for 为&寻找&，而 find 是找到。寻找工作并不难，难的应是找到合 适的工作。? find find out ? find out 意为&找出、算出、发现&，如：I have found out how to do it. 而 find 的 主要侧重点在找到某物，如：I find my book under the desk.? finish ? ［误］ I finished to read that book last night.? ［正］ I finished reading that book last night.? ［析］ 英文中有些动词其后只能用动名词作宾语而不能用不定式作宾语， 这样 的动词在中考范围内有两个，即 finish 和 enjoy。? fire ? ［误］ There's no smoke without a fire.? ［正］ There's no smoke without fire.? ［析］ 此句应译为中文&无风不起浪&。fire 作为物质名词&火&讲时为不可数名 词， 而作为&炉火&、 &火灾&讲则是可数名词， 如： There was a fire in the next street last month. 如要讲&着火了&要用 be on fire, 如：The factory was on fire.? ［误］ The man fired to us.? ［正］ The man fired at us.? ［析］ fire (on) at 均指&向某目标开火&， 用于较小目标， on 用于较大目标。 at 而 ? first ? ［误］ Is this your firstly visit to Beijing?? ［正］ Is this your first visit to Beijing?? ［析］ 除了在强调第一、第二、第三等场合中有时还可见 firstly 一词外，这个 词已不多见，而均被 first 取代。first 还有&首先&、&首次&、&第一次&之意。 ? follow ? ［误］ I received a letter which ran as follow.? ［正］ I received a letter which ran as follows.? ［析］ as follows 是惯用法，其意为&如下&，不论在任何场合均要用 follows. ? ［误］ As follows are his arguments.? ［正］ The following are his arguments.? ［析］ as follows 主要用于句尾，而 the following 则用于句首。? food ?［误］ Too much sweet food, such as cakes, chocolates,pastry…may increase your weight.? ［正］ Too many foods, such as cakes, chocolates,pastry…may increase your weight. ［析］ food 泛指食物时为不可数名词，如：There is no food for supper. 而指一 种种食物时则用作可数名词。? foot ? ［误］ There is a five ? feet ? wide bridge.? ［正］ There is a five ? foot ? wide bridge.? ［析］ 用连字符组成的形容词中所有名词均要用单数形式。? ［误］ We went to college on feet.? ［正］ We went to college on foot.? ［析］ by 后面加接交通工具时，不应加任何冠词，不要用名词的复数形式。 如加了某些修饰词后， 其前面的介词要作适当的改变， I came to school in his 如： car yesterday. I go to shool on a train.? for ? ［误］ I wanted to go to the pub for having a drink.? ［正］ I wanted to go to the pub for a drink.? ［正］ I wanted to go to the pub to have a drink.? ［析］ 用 for 表示目的时，其后面只能接名词，而不要接动名词。? ［误］ I went to the office for seeing the headmaster.? ［正］ I went to the office to see the headmaster.? ［析］ 用不定式来表示动作的目的。? ［误］ I will leave Beijing to Shanghai.? ［正］ I will leave Beijing for Shanghai.? ［正］ I will leave for Shanghai.? ［析］ leave for 为一固定搭配，不要改动。? ［误］ I bought a book to you.? ［正］ I bought a book for you.? ［误］ He is a friend for us.? ［正］ He is a friend to us.? ［析］ 在英文中&为&一词在泛指时用 to, 在特指时要用 for.? ［误］ This food is good to us.? ［正］ This food is good for us.? ［析］ 词组 be good (bad) for 表示&对……有好(坏)处&。? ［误］ For I was feeling quite hungry, I wanted to have lunch.? ［正］ I wanted to have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.? ［析］ for 作为&因为&讲时一般不要置于句首，而且口气也比 because 弱的多。 ? forget ?［误］ I left my key.? ［正］ I left my key at home.? ［正］ I forgot my key.? ［析］ leave 是&丢下&之意，所以一定要接地点状语，而 forget 是&忘记&，所以 不用接地点状语。? ［误］ I will not forget the rules.? ［正］ I will never forget the rules.? ［误］ Please don't forget posting my letter on your way home.? ［正］ Please don't forget to post my letter on your way home.? ［析］ 要注意 forget to do something 为&忘了去作某事&，而 forget doing something 则应译为&对已经作过的事记不起来了&。如：He forget returning the book to the library. 应译为&他忘记已把书还给图书馆这件事了。&同样用法的词 还有 remember 和 regret.? free ? ［误］ You can speak free in front of my parents.? ［正］ You can speak freely in front of my parents.? ［析］ free 作为副词时意为&免费&、&不必付款&，如：You can eat free in my restaurant. 而 freely 则意为&自由地&、&无限制地&。? French ? ［误］ She comes from French.? ［正］ She comes from France.? ［析］ French 是&法语&、&法国的&，而 France 才是&法国&。 ? friend ? ［误］ He nodded to me friendly.? ［正］ He nodded to me in a friendly fashion.? ［析］ friendly 是形容词，不是副词。在英语中应避免讲 He is a friend of my mother. 又比如：I go to school with my friend. 从语法上讲是对的但不是习惯上 英语的说法。而应讲 He is a friend of my mother's. I go to school with a friend. be friends with 则是&交朋友&之意，例如：I hope you will be friends with me. 而不 应讲 I hope you will be my friend. 交朋友还有一惯用法是 make friends.? from ? ［误］ Where do you come from?? I come from the library. ? ［正］ Where do you come from?? I come from England. ? ［正］ Where did you come from?? I came from the library. ? ［析］ Where do you come from?应意为&你是从什么国家(地方)来的?&(即意为& 你是哪的人?&)而 Where did you come from? 才是&你刚刚从哪来?&? front ? ［误］ There are three tall trees in the front of my house.? ［正］ There are three tall trees in front of my house.?［析］ in front of 是某物体外部的前面，而 in the front of 是在某物体内部的前 面。如：The bus driver is seated in the front of the bus.?G?game ? ［误］ He went to America to take part in the Olympic Game.? ［正］ He went to America to take part in the Olympic Games.? ［析］ game 作为&运动会&讲时应用其复数形式，而具体一个游戏则可用其单 数形式。如：Our school team won the game.? German ? ［误］ They are Germen.? ［正］ They are Germans.? ［误］ She comes from German.? ［正］ She comes from Germany.? ［析］ German 是&德国人&、&德国的&、&德语&，其复数形式是 Germans；而 Germany 才是德国。? gather ? ［误］ All the students and teachers are gathered together now.? ［正］ All the students and teachers are gathered now.? ［析］ 用了动词 gather 就不要再用 together 了。这句话还可以这样讲：All the students and teachers got together.? give ? ［误］ She gives up to look for the lost bike.? ［正］ She gives up looking for the lost bike.? ［析］ give up 意为&放弃&，其后只接动名词作介词宾语，而不应接不定式。 ? glad ? ［误］ His parents were very glad for his success in business.? ［正］ His parents were very glad of his success in business.? ［正］ His parents were very glad to know his success in business.? ［析］ &为……感到高兴&应是 be glad of something 或 be glad to do something. ? glass ? ［误］ The old teacher has two pair of big glass.? ［正］ The old teacher has two pairs of big glasses.? ［析］ glass 作为&眼镜&讲，应用复数形式，在英语中手套 gloves 裤子 pants， 剪刀 scissors 均用复数形式。glass 作&玻璃杯&讲时则可用单数形式或复数形式，如：I want two glasses of milk. 而作为物质名词&玻璃&讲则要用作不可数名词， 如：The boy broke two panes of glass.? go ? ［误］ -Mary, could you come to my home now??-Yes, I'm going. ? ［正］ -Mary, could you come to my home now?? -Yes, I'm coming. ? ［析］ go 是指离开说话人所在地，而 come 指的是朝向说话人的方向：如： Come here!Can I come and help you?但在口语中也有一些例外，如表示要参加到 某人或者某件活动时常用 come, 如：We are going to have a party tonight. Would you like to come with us?? gone been ? He has gone to Shanghai. 指此人已去上海不在此地了。? He has been to Shanghai. 指此人去过上海现已回来了。? gold ? ［误］ She brushed her gold hair carefully.? ［正］ She brushed her golden hair carefully.? ［析］ gold 作形容词指&金质的&，如：a gold ring， a gold coin，而 golden 是& 金色的&，如：golden age(金色的时代)，但&金鱼&例外，为 gold fish。 ? good ? ［误］ I've been waiting for good twenty minutes.? ［正］ I've been waiting for a good twenty minutes.? ［析］ a good 之意为&足足&、&整整&之意。? good well ? He is good. 应译为&他是个好人。 He is well. 应译为&他身体不错。 feel good. &而 &I 即精神状态良好，而 I feel well.即身体状况不错。? ［误］ This food is very good to you.? ［正］ This food is very good for you.? ［析］ be good for 是&对……有利、有好处&，而 be good to 是指&对待某人不错 &，如：Your friend is very good to me.? grade ? ［误］ -What grade are you in??-I'm in grade 1. ? ［正］ -What grade are you in??-I'm in Gread 1. ? ［析］ 当泛指那一年级时 grade 的头一个字母小写， 当有具体数字时则要大写。 ?H?had better ?［误］ You have better hurry.? ［正］ You had better hurry.? ［析］ had better 只用过去时 had，不要误用成现在时 have。? ［误］ You hadn't better worry.? ［正］ You had better not worry.? ［析］ had better 后面加不带 to 的不定式， 其否定式是&had better not+动词原形 &。? half ? ［误］ I had driven about half mile.? ［正］ I had driven about half a mile.? ［析］ &半小时&有两种讲法 half an hour, a half hour. 而&一个半小时&应讲 an hour and a half 或 one and a half hours.&半天&应讲 half a day，&半镑&应讲 half a pound.但要尽量避免使用 half a year，而应用 six months；不用 half a month, 而 用 two weeks 或 fifteen days.? ［误］ Half us could go to the park.? ［正］ Half of us could go to the park.? ［析］ half 用于名词前可用 of 结构也可不用 of 结构，但用于代词前则必须加 of。如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys.? ［误］ One and half apples are left on the table.? ［正］ One and half apples is left on the table.? ［析］ 一个半 one and half 后面的名词要用复数，而句中的谓语动词却要用单 数。? ［误］ Half of the work are done.? ［正］ Half of the work is done.? ［误］ Half of the six apples is red.? ［正］ Half of the six apples are red.? ［析］ &half of+名词&这一结构后面的谓语动词应与 of 后面的名词相一致，如 为不可数名词或可数名词单数，要用单数谓语动词；而复数名词后面要加与复 数相对应的谓语动词。? hand ? ［误］ He shook hand with his teacher.? ［正］ He shook hands with his teacher.? ［析］ 与某人握手要用 shake hands. 与 hand 有关的词组中有很多要用复数形 式，如：change hands (转手、易手)，in the hands of (由……控制)，join hands (与 人合作)。? happen ? ［误］ What was happened to you last month?? ［正］ What happened to you last month?? ［误］ An accident was happened in this street last night.? ［正］ An accident happened in this street last night.?［析］ 在英语中不及物动词没有被动态，作为&发生&讲的 happen，take place 和 break out 都不具有被动态。happen to 常用来表达一件偶然发生的事，如：If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.? hard ? ［误］ I have to study hardly.? ［正］ I have to study hard.? ［析］ hard 是形容词，如：a hard work，但它同时也是副词。hardly 是 hard 的 又一副词形式，但词意截然不同，意为&几乎不&。? ［误］ I had my leg broken last term， so I couldn't hardly study at all.? ［正］ I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.? ［析］ hardly 意为&否定&，所以不要再加否定词语了，如果 hardly 用于句首则 应采用倒装语序，如：Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.? have ? ［误］ I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.? ［正］ I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.? ［析］ 用 have somebody do something 还是 doing something 要取决句子的意思 和句中的时间状语。? ［误］ I have my bike to repair.? ［正］ I have my bike repaired.? ［析］ have something done 这一句型是让某事被别人去作，请看下面两句意义 的不同：I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行车。)而 I have my bike repaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)? ［误］ Could you give me some money if you have.? ［正］ Could you give me some money if you have any.? ［析］ &如果你有的话&一句译为英文应加上 any 一词， 如：I want some books if there is any.? headache ? ［误］ I've got headache.? ［正］ I've got a headache.?