八下英语教材全解内容第十单元后面要写作文的右边给出的那个范文,我就要那个范文,有的帮我拍一下,我忘带了

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她是一个普通妇女,在她的身上我实在看不出她有什么特殊的地方,可是越普通的地方就越是闪耀着非同寻常的光芒。
这是普通的一天。
离儿子放学还有50分钟,她将刚从单位带回来的一摞资料随手往沙发上一放,抓起一把零钱就直奔菜市场。她旋风一样从家门转到了菜市场门口,停住了。门口有一个摊位,正在卖儿子最喜欢吃的橘子。小贩看出了她的心思,拿起一个大大的橘子说:“大姐,你尝尝!包甜!不贵!”中年妇女接过来捏捏,感觉水分还可以,心里想着,晚餐给儿子加个水果沙拉也不错呢!于是她剥开一瓣尝了一口,然后果断地说:“拿几个!”小贩扭身从后面拿出一个长长的红色编织袋,说:“拿一整袋就好了么!还便宜!”中年妇女却说:“不要这个,有坏了的也看不清楚,给儿子吃的,还是我自己挑吧!”最终,小贩给撑着塑料袋,妇女挑三个个儿最大水分最饱满的橘子,小心翼翼地放了进去。
离儿子放学还有30分钟,她已经从菜市场拎着菜回来,准备烧饭了。她拿过灶台边的围裙,熟练地在背后打了一个结。新鲜的笋片在油锅中发出“滋滋”的响声,香味冒了出来。她一边用锅铲炒着,一边陆续放好调料。菜快炒好了。旁边的汤锅里,鱼汤的鲜味也钻了出来。女人打开汤锅的盖子,用长柄勺盛出半勺,小心翼翼地尝了一口。一个女人,一个厨房,构成了这世上最温暖的画面。
离儿子放学还有10分钟,她急急地关了火,拿起放在桌角的钥匙,出门去推电瓶车。电瓶车飞一般在马路上疾驰,在一个路口闯了红灯,差一点被一辆路虎刮到。路虎的主人伸出头来刚想骂两句,女人回过头来朝他点了点头,带有歉意地笑了笑,这事儿也就算了。儿子出现在校门口的那一刹那,她到了。理好了头发,她微笑地面对着儿子。但儿子不知道这个微笑背后付出的艰辛。
到家后,儿子惊异于有这么多好吃的,儿子太高兴了!可儿子不知道,女人的一切快乐,一切艰辛,一点一滴,都凝聚在这饭菜里了。
这个女人很普通,你认识她,其实她就是我们的母亲。我们千千万万个孩子各自的母亲。
她们,在我们不知道的角落,闪耀着动人的光芒。
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当前位置:&>&&>& > 中学教材全解八年级英语(上)
中学教材全解八年级英语(上)
How to learn English第1单元内容详解1. Welcome back, everyone.欢迎大家回到学校。welcome v. 欢迎welcome sb. to + 地点欢迎某人到某地Welcome you to our school.欢迎你到我们学校来。Welcome home! 欢迎回家!(home为副词,所以前面不用to)welcome n.欢迎,迎接a warm welcome 热情欢迎a cold welcome 冷遇 2. Now because it's a new term, I'm going to give you some advice.新学期开始之际,我想给大家提几点建议。advice意为“建议,意见”,是不可数名词。表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice, 表示“一些建议”用some advice。I'll give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog.我将给你一些怎样照顾你的宠物狗的建议。[搭配] —give sb. some advice / give some advice to sb. 给某人提一些建议ask for advice 征求意见follow / take sb.’ s advice 接受某人的建议7. 拓展advise是动词,意为“建议”,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,也可用于advise sb. (not) to do sth.结构,意为“建议某人(不要)做某事”。She advised us to wait (for) one more day. 她建议我们再等一天。 3. Why don't you write it down? 你们为何不把它记下来呢?(1)Why don't you do…?是英语中一个重要的句型,意为“你(们)为什么不做事呢?”,多用来向对方提出建议。该句型还可简化为“Why not do…?”。Why don't you read newspapers in English? = Why not read newspapers English?你为什么不读英文报纸呢? 中考链接一Look! It's raining heavily. ______ take a raincoat with you?—Well, I'll take one right now.A. Why not B. Why don't
C. Would you mind
D. Would you like解析:四个选项都是提建议的句型,但后跟的动词形式不一样:Why not + 动词原形,,? Why don't you + 动词原形? Would you mind doing…? Would you like to do...?所以只能选A。
答案:A(2)write down意为“写下,记下”,其同义短语为put down。其宾语若是名词,放在down前后均可;若是代词作宾语,须放在down之前。Please write down these new words in your notebook.=Please write these new words down in your notebook.请把这些生词记在你的笔记本上。Please write them down. 请把它们记下来。 4. You should always speak English in class. 课堂上大家应该一直讲英语。speak v.说话;讲(语言)Can you speak English? 你会讲英语吗?辨析:say,speak, talk 与 tell1.say “说,讲”,着重译调讲话的内容,指用口头或书面语言表达思想2.speak “说,演讲”侧重于讲话的动作;speak后常接表示某种语言的名词。3.talk “交谈,谈话”,指跟少数人“随意地说”,不侧重说的内容。Talk常与介词to, with, about连用4.tell“告诉,讲述”多指以口头方式告诉某人,常用于讲故事等。He says he will go to Shanghai to visit his grandparents.他说他将去上海看望他的爷爷奶奶。The child is learning to speak.这个孩子正在学习说话。Don't talk with each other freely in class.上课不要随便相互交谈Tell me the time, please.请告诉我时间。一言辨异After she spoke at the meeting, she talked with the students. She told them that what she said was very important.在会上发了言之后,她跟学生们进行了交谈,并告诉他们她讲的东西很重要。 5. What else?
还有其他的吗?else常用在不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词之后作后置定语。He has something else to tell you. 他还有一些别的事情要告诉你。Who else are you waiting for? 你还在等谁?辨析:else 与 other两者都可意为“其他的,另外的”,但用法不同:(1)else用作形容词或副词,常用于修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词,也可以修饰all, much,little等词,修饰这些词时,else要位于其后,作后置定语。Where else are you going? 你还要去哪儿?I'm taking some clothes and books, not much else.我要带几件衣服和一些书,别的就没什么了。else还可以构成所有格,即else's, 意为“另外的 / 其他的(人或物)”。My books are much more than anybody else's. 我的书比其他任何人的书都多很多。(2)other作形容词,用以修饰名词或代词,位于其前作定语。We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects at school.我们在学校学习语文、数学、英语,还有一些其他的科目。other作代词,可以单独作主语、宾语、表语,其复数形式为others。Some students are playing under the tree and others are flying kites over there. 一些学生在树下玩耍,还有一些在那边放风筝。_ 6. It's a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day.每天核査一下自己的词汇笔记是个好主意。本句为“It is +名词(短语)+ to do sth. ”句式,it是形式主语,动词不定式短语是句子的真正主语。It's your turn to play the piano. 轮到你弹钢琴了。 7. How about listening to the radio or reading a newspaper in English?听听英文广播,读读英文报纸怎么样?How about...?相当于“What about…?”,用来与对方商量或者询问对方的情况或意见,about是介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词。I like English. How about you?
我喜欢英语。你呢?How about going fishing? 去钩鱼怎么样? 中考链接一How about raising money for the people in Yushu, Qinghai?A. Good idea
B. Enjoy yourself
C. Never mind
D. You're welcome解析:How about...? 句型用于征求建议,其肯定回答用Good idea。答案:A 8. But try not to translate every word. 但是尽量不要逐词翻译。(1)try to do sth. 尽力去做某事。此结构也是提出建议的一种方式,它的否定形式为:try not to do sth. 尽力不要做某事。 拓展try doing sth. 表示“尝试傲某事”。He tried putting some sugar into the coffee.
他试着往咖啡里加了一些糖。 (2)translate意为“翻译,译”,是动词。常见搭配: translate…into... 意为“把,,,,译成,,,,”,也可以表示为 put…into…或change…into…Would you like to translate the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me?— Would you like to put the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me?— Would you like to change the passage about Zhou Jielun into English for me?你能帮我把这篇关于周杰伦的文章翻译成英语吗? 9. I think everyone should have a pen friend and write email messages to each her.我认为每个人都应该交一个笔友,并互相发送电子邮件。everyone意为“每个人”,相当于everybody,表示一个单数概念。当everyone作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。Everyone likes the movie. 每个人都喜欢这部电影。拓展(1)everyone用于否定句,表示部分否定。Everyone here doesn't like durian. —Not everyone here likes durian.并不是这里的所有人都喜欢榴莲。(2)everyone在反意疑问句中,反问部分的主语常用they。Everyone is right, aren't they? 大家都对,是吗?Everyone comes here,don't they? 大家都来了,是吗? 10. She can help me with my homework.她可以帮我做作业。help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人I often help him with maths. 我经常在数学方面帮助他—I often help him(to)learn maths.help作名词时,还有如下表达:with the help of…
在,,,,的帮助下with one's help 在某人的帮助下 第2单元内容详解1. Many students ask for advice about improving their English.很多学生咨询提高英语水平的建议。ask for意为“请求”, 有时也用作ask sb. for。If we have any trouble in learning English, we can ask Mr Wang for help.如果我们在学习英语中有什么困难,我们可以请求王老师帮忙。2. I enjoy watching English films and listening to real English songs.我喜欢看英文电影,听原版的英文歌曲。enjoy的用法:(1)enjoy后如果跟动词,要用动词的-ing形式,构成enjoy doing sth. 意思是“喜欢做某事”。 The children enjoy watching action movies.孩子们喜欢看动作片。拓展类似于enjoy的用法的动词还有:mind(介意),finish(完成),practise(练习)等。 注意enjoy后不用不定式作宾语。(2)enjoy oneself意思是“过得快乐,玩得愉快”,相当于have a good time或have fun. We're enjoying ourselves very much in Shanghai. 我们现在在上海玩得很开心。 3. But it takes a long time. 但是会花费很长时间。本句是一个省略句,其完整的表达是:But it takes a long time to watch English films and listen to real English songs,
it是形式主语,to watch… songs是真正的主语。It takes sb. some time to do sth.(某人花一些时间做某事。)是一个常见的句型。take在此处意为“花费”。4. This is a great way to learn English! 这是学习英语的一个很好的方式!a great / good way to do sth.意为“做某事的一个好方式”,动词不定式作定语。Watching English films is a great way to improve your English.观看英文电影是提高你的英语水平的一个好方式。 5. Many people are shy when they speak English, so before you begin, take a deep breath and smile! 很多人说英语时感觉不好意思,所以,在你开始讲英语之前深呼吸一下,笑一笑!(1)此句是一个复合句, so引导的为结果状语从句。在这个句子里还含有when和before引导的时间状语从句。复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是句子的主体,从句不能独立使用,且从句用陈述语序。时间状语从句常用when (当,,,,时候),as (当,,,,时候),while(当,,,,时候),before (在,,,,之前), after( ,,,,之后),as soon as (一,,,,就,,,,)等引导。当主句是一般将来时的时候, 在时间状语从句中,要特别注意用一般现在时代替一般将来时。I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话He was tired, so he went to bed. 因为他累了,所以他去睡觉了。(2)breath意为“呼吸”,名词,其动词形式是breathe。 Take a deep breath意为“深呼吸”。
Before he jumped into the water, he took a deep breath.他在跳入水中之前深深地吸了一口气。 6. Smiling always helps. 微笑总是很有用的。smiling是动词smile的动名词形式,在句中作主语。动名词作主语时,谓语动词应使用单数形式。Smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。 7. Li Hao takes a long time to watch films and listen to songs in English...李浩花很长时间看英文电影、听英文歌曲,,,,take作“花费”讲时,主语一般不能为“人”,所以此句最好用以下方式表达:① It takes Li Hao a long time to watch films and listen to songs in English.② Li Hao spends a long time (in) watching films and listening to songs in English 8. Do you find it easy to have a conversation in English? 你觉得用英语交谈容易吗?此句中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为动词不定式短语。当宾语是不定式或动名词时,如果其后跟有宾语补足语,则常常用形式宾语it,而把真正的宾语放到宾语补足语之后。 I find it boring to play computer games. 我发现玩电脑游戏很无聊。 9. Try to remember all the things you're good at in English,and make a list.尽量记住你在英语方面擅长的事情并列表。be good at意为“擅长,在,,,,方面做得好”,后面若跟动词,则用v.-ing形式。He is good at dancing. 他擅长跳舞。拓展do well in 与 be good at 同义。Mike is good at English. = Mike does well in English. 迈克擅长英语。 第3单元内容详解1. Why does Mary want to invite other students, too?为什么玛丽也想邀请其他的同学?invite用作动词,意为“邀请;招待”,常用结构为invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”。They invited their parents to watch the movie together. 他们邀请他们的父母一起看这部电影. 拓展invitation作名词,意为“邀请”,Did you get an invitation to the party? 你获邀参加那场聚会了吗?2. Why does Charlie think borrowing magazines might be a good idea?为什么査理认为借杂志可能是一个好主窻?borrow意为“借”,指从某人或某地借东西。How many books did they borrow from the library yesterday?昨天,他们从图书馆借了多少本书?辨析:borrow, lend 与 keep词条:borrow
辨析:对主语而言为“借入”,指向别人或从别处借东否,为非延续性动词
搭配:borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere 从某人/某处借某物词条:lend
辨析:对主语而言为“借出”,指把自己的东西借给别人,为非延续性动词
搭配:lend sb. lend sth. to sb. 将某物借给某人词条:keep
辨析:“借,持有”,指借用某物一段时间,为延续性动词
搭配:keep sth. for some time 借用某物一段时间He borrowed a dictionary from the library.他从图书馆借了一本词典I lent my bike to him yesterday.=1 lent him my bike yesterday. 昨天我把自行车借给他了。How long may I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多长时间?用法诀窍“借”有巧法“借”看执行者,“借出”用lend,“借入”是borrow。如果用keep,表示“借多久”。假如看不完,“续借”用renew。 3. It's difficult to understand TV programmes in English. 理解英文电视节目是困难的。“It is +adj. +of / for sb. to do sth. ”是一个常用句型,若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如 kind,good,nice,right,clever, careless,polite, foolish等,用of sb. 若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价,用for sb.,这类形容词有 difficult, easy, hard, important,dangerous, (im) possible, necessary 等。It's very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我真是太好了。It's careless of you to leave the keys in the car. 你真粗心,把钥匙落在车上It's important for you to listen to the radio in English. 对你来说收听英语广播很重要。 中考链接Is ______ easy to ______ who picks the fruit and vegetables on your net farm?A. that;find
B. it;finding
C. that? find out
D. find out解析:It is + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事,,,,”,“查明,发现”用find out ,故选D。 答案:D 4. I left my homework at home. 我把作业忘在家里了。leave的用法:(1)leave vt. 离开;留下;剩下,忘记;保持(某种状态)He often leaves his home in the morning. 他经常在早晨离开家。He left the door open. 他开着门就出去了。Please leave the book on the desk. 请把这本书留在桌子上。I always leave my books in my classroom.我总是把书忘在教室里。(2)leave vi. 离开,出发He is leaving for Tianjin tomorrow. 他明天要动身去天津。温馨提示leave与forget这两个词都有“忘记”之意,但leave经常和表示地点的介词短语连用;forget通常不与表示地点的介词短语连用。因此,不说:I always forget my books in my classroom. leave还有“留给”的含义。leave后可接两个代词作宾语,如:leave sb. sth.留给某人某物。 Last time you left the umbrella at home. Today,you mustn't forget it any more. 上次你把雨伞忘在家里了,今天一定别再忘了带。 5 … but how can I practise speaking English? ,,,,但我怎样练习说英语呢?practise doing sth. 表示“练习做某事”。I often practise playing the guitar.我经常练习弹吉他。practise的名词形式是practice,表示“练习;实习”。Piano playing needs a lot of practice. 弹钢琴需要多练习。注意practise后接动名词,不接不定式。辨析:practise 与 exercisePractise
指为了求得学问上或技术上的熟练而一再地练习Exercise 指为了锻炼身心而有规则地按照一定方式练习一言辩异I practised volleyball every afternoon —— it was also great exercise for me.每天下午我都练习打排球,对我来说,这也是个很好的锻炼方式。 6. It's good for your vocabulary. 那对你的词汇有好处。be good for... 对,,,,有好处(有益处)Many people love this time of year, because it is good for sports.很多人喜欢一年中的这个时节,因为它适合运动。Eating fruit is good for our health. 吃水果对我们的健康有益。拓展be bad for... 对,,,,有害Eating too much is bad for our health. 吃得太多对我们的健康有害。 7. If there isn't, why don't you start one with your friends?如果没有,你和你的朋友们为什么不开办一个呢?one作代词,用于泛指前面提到过的名词,其复数形式是ones。Your coat is good. I also want to buy one.你的外套很好。我也想买一件。辨析:it与one(1)it作代词,可用来指代前面提到的同一人或物,其复数形式为they。I want to use your ruler. Lend it to me,please.
我想用你的尺子。请把它借给我。(2)one所代替的是同类亊物中的一个,泛指前面所提到的人或物,其复数形式为ones。 I have no exercise books. Lend me one. 我没有练习本。借给我一个。I have a new hat and several old ones. 我有一顶新帽子和几顶旧帽子。(3)it还可以代替上文中的句子或句子中的某一部分,而one则不能。My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 当我在公园里散步时,我的钢笔掉在地上了。一位女士路过时看见了。(此句中的it指my pen dropped on the ground 这件事)(4)可以在one / ones前加冠词表示特指。The one in the red coat is Miss White. 那个穿红色外套的是怀特小姐。 8. How about playing a few games and listening to some music?做几个游戏并听一些音乐怎么样?a few的用法:a few意为“一些,几个”,用于可数名词复数前,相当于several或some,表示肯定概念。 I have a few books about pronunciation. 我有几本关于发音的书。辨析:few, a few, little与a little意义:否定(几乎没有,少) 修饰可数名词复数:few
修饰不可数名词:little 意义:肯定(有些,有几个) 修饰可数名词复数:a few
修饰不可数名词:a little There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.冰箱里几乎没有鸡蛋了,所以我必须去买一些.There are only a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn't buy some at once.冰箱里还有几个鸡蛋,所以我不必立刻去买。There's little rice in the bowl. 碗里没多少米饭了。I can only speak a little French. 我只会说一点儿法语。用法诀窍同学们使用little,a little, few,a few这几个词语时,常常弄错,为便于记忆,特编成下面几句顺口溜,供同学们学习时参考:few,little有异同,修饰名词(可数或不可数)要记清,其前有“a”表肯定,其前无“a”表否定。只有几粒豆子 a few beans只有一点儿牛奶 a little milk几乎没有豆子 few beans几乎没有牛奶 little milk 9. And don’ t forget to watch TV… 不要忘了看电视,,,,辨析:forget to do sth. 与 forget doing sth.词条:forget to do sth.
辨析:忘记去做某事
例句:He forgot to tell her about it. 他忘记告诉她这件事了。(没告诉)词条:forget doing sth.
辨析:忘记做过某事
例句: I'm sorry. I forgot meeting you in Shanghai last year. 很抱歉,我忘了去年在上海见过你了。中考链接Don't forget ______ an umbrella ______ you. It's going to rain.A. to take;to
B. taking;to
C. to take;with
D. taking;with解析:由后一句可知,天还没下雨,所以是不要忘记带把伞,用forget to do;take sth. with sb.随身携带某物,所以选C。答案:C Module 2 Experiences第一单元内容详解I. Have you ever entered a competition?
你曾经参加过比赛吗?(1)ever用作副词,意为“曾经”,常用于现在完成时态的句子中,位于助动词和过去分词之间。— Have you ever read Harry Potter? 你曾经读过《哈利o波特》吗?— Yes, I have. / No,never. 是的,我读过。/ 不,我从未读过。注意.——— ever的反义词是never,意为“从未,从来没有”0注意:ever的反义词是never,意为“从未,从来没有”。副词ever的用法比较灵活,现归纳如下:句型:一般疑问句
含义:曾经;以前
例句:Have you ever travelled to Mount Huang? 你曾去黄山旅游过吗?句型:否定句
含义:无论何时;至今
例句:We hardly ever drink coffee. 我们从未喝过咖啡。句型:条件句
含义:任何时候;任何场合
例句:If you ever have any trouble, I'll help you. 任何时候你有困难,我都会帮助你。(2)enter表示“报名参加”。take part in,join也可以表示参加。join指的是参加组织、团体,take part in常指参加活动。join the army 参军take part in Project Hope 参加希望工程2. Has she visited China before ?
她以前来过中国吗?before的用法:(1)作为副词,意为“以前”。常与现在完成时连用,也可与一般过去时连用。通常位于句末。He has never seen such a huge stone before. 他以前从未见过这么大的石头。(2)作为介词或连词,意在“在,,,,之前”,可表示时间、位置、顺序等。My father usually goes to bed before 9:00 pm.
我父亲通常在晚上9点之前去睡觉。(介词) Turn off the light before you leave the room.
离开房间前关上灯。(连词)辨析:ago 与 beforeAgo 指从现在算起的一段时间以前,因而动词用过去式Before 指某一时间点之前,用于多种时态用法诀窍Before 常在点之前,ago常在段之后。Before时态不确定,一般过去用ago。 3. So I think she'll like it here
所以,我认为她会喜欢这儿的。I think… 意为“我想,,,,;我认为,,,,;我觉得,,,,”,后面常接一个宾语从句,表示“我认为”的内容,指说话人的看法。在这一句型中,可以用其他主语替换I,表示别人对某事的看法。I think you are wrong.
我认为你错了。She thinks you are right.
她认为你对了。拓展在I / We think ( suppose, believe, imagine )…等句式中,若从句有否定意义,则否定词应前移至主句中,即否定转移。I don't think he will come. (√ ) I think he will not come. ( × ) 4. And Sally has invited me to stay with her in England one day. 而且萨莉已经邀请我有时间到英国去她那儿(待几天)。one day意为“某一天”。I met him in the street one day last month. 上个月的某一天我在街上遇见他了。辨析:some day 与 one daySome day “将来的某一天”,用于一般将来时态中。One day “将来的某一天”或“过去的某一天”,用于一般将来时或一般过去时的句子中。5. The problem is the price of the ticket. 问题是机票太贵了。problem作为名词,意为“问题,难题”。Pollution brings a lot of problems. 污染带来了许多问题。辨析:problem 与 question词条:problem
辨析:着重指难以解决(solve)的“问题”或“难题”
例句:The government is trying to solve the problem. 政府正在努力解决这一问题。词条:question
辨析:指提出(ask)并有待回答(answer)的“问題”“疑问”
例句:Can you answer this question? 你能回答这个问題吗? 6. Take off from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London. 从北京首都机场飞抵伦敦。 take off的用法:(1)take off为动词短语,属于动副结构,在本句中表示“起飞”,与其相对应的词为land,意为“降落,着陆”。Please drive faster. My plane is taking off. 请再开快一点,我的飞机马上就要起飞了。 The plane will land soon. 飞机很快就要降落了。(2)take off 还可意为“脱掉;休假”, take后可接名词或代词作宾语。It's very hot here. Take off your coat. 这里很热。脱下你的外套吧。He is going to take three days off from work. 他打箅休3天假。中考链接1. The plane will ______ from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London.A. take up
B. take out
C. take away
D. take off解析:本题考查由take构成的动词短语。take up开始从事,占据;take out拿出,取出;take away拿走;take off起飞。由句意“这架飞机将从北京首都机场起飞,然后在伦敦降落”可知本题应选D。答案:D 7. Write about a wonderful experience. 写一篇关于美好经历的短文。experience在此用作名词,意为“经历”,是可数名词。Jay Chou has a lot of unusual experiences. 周杰伦有很多不平凡的经历。拓展(1)experience用作名词,还可表示“经验”,是不可数名词。表示做某事的经验时,其后常接 in / of doing sth.Mr Wang has so much experience in teaching. 王老师在教学方面有如此多的经验。(2)experience还可作动词,意为“体验;经历”,后面必须接宾语。The girl has never experienced sadness. 这个女孩从未体验过悲伤。 8. It sounds brilliant! 那听起来棒极了!sound用作连系动词,意为“听起来”,后面常接形容词作表语,有时也可接介词短语。 The story sounds boring. 这个故事听起来很无聊。拓展sound也可用作名词,意为“声音”,指自然界中所有的声音,可以是悦耳的声音,也可以是噪音。We heard a strange sound.
我们听到了一个奇怪的声音。Light travels faster than sound.
光比声音传播得快。温馨提示初中阶段出现的连系动词有:一“是”(be),一“感觉”(feel),一“保持”(keep),三个“变得”(become,get,turn),四个“,,,,起来”(look. sound, smell,taste)。它们中除be和become等可接名词作表语外,一般都接形容词作表语。 9. When you go to sleep,what do you dream about?
当你睡觉时,你梦到什么?dream about意为“梦见,梦到”,相当于dream of。固定短语:dream of / about sth. 梦想/梦见某物dream of / about doing sth.
梦想做某事The soldier dreamt of home.这个士兵梦见了家。He dreams of becoming a pilot.他一心想当飞行员。dream与not, little,never等连用时,意为“想不到”。I little dreamt of it. 我做梦也没想到这件事。 第2单元内容详解1.Wei Ming has been all over China by plane. 魏明乘飞机到过中国很多地方。By plane
乘飞机We went there by plane. 我们乘飞机去的那里。拓展交通方式常用的表达方法:(1)take + the+表示交通工具的名词,在句中作谓语。He takes the train to Shenyang every year. 他每年乘火车去沈阳。I usually take the subway to go home. 我通常乘地铁回家。(2)by+表示交通工具的名词,表示泛指乘某种交通工具。如:by bus乘公共汽车, by train乘火车,by bike骑自行车,by taxi乘出租车。该介词短语在句中作状语。He goes to Shenyang by train every year. 他每年乘火车去沈阳。I usually go home by subway. 我通常乘地铁回家。1. by+ sea
乘船/由水路2.by+ air
乘飞机3.by+ land 经陆路
by+ train 乘火车
by+ bus 乘公共汽车(3)on / in+限定词+表示交通工具的名词,可用来表示具体的交通方式。一般情况下,无厢、无舱的只能用on,如on the bike,其他的既可用in,也可用on,如 in / on the plane。但只能说 in the car,不能说on the car。I hope more and more people go to work on their bikes.我希望越来越多的人骑自行车去上班。I usually take my daughter to school in my car.我通常开车送女儿去上学。(4)动词+to+地点名词。动词walk,ride, drive, fly等可直接表达交通方式,后接to再跟地点名词,表示“通过/用,,,,(交通方式)去某地”。I hope more and more people ride to work.我希望越来越多的人骑自行车去上班。 2. Is there anywhere she hasn't visited? 还有什么地方她没去过吗?(1)句子she hasn't visited作定语修饰anywhere,为定语从句。(2)anywhere可用作副词或代词,意为“任何地方”。I can't find my bag anywhere. 我哪儿也找不到我的书包了。辨析:anywhere, somewhere, everywhere与nowhereAnywhere
“任何地方”,用于否定句和疑问句Somewhere “某个地方”,用于肯定句Everywhere “到处”Nowhere
“没有一处”,表示否定的含义 3. I've never been to Shanghai!我还没有去过上海!have been to的用法:(1)Have been to意为“曾经去过,,,,”,表示一种经历,实际上讲的是过去的情况,强调去过,着重指到目前为止的一个结果。I have been to the Great Wall. 我曾经去过长城。(2)have been to后可接次数(如once, twice, three times等),表示“去过某地几次”,也可与just, never, ever等连用。My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父亲去过北京两次。拓展① have gone to意为“到,,,,去了”,表示现在人可能在去的途中或已经在那儿了,实际上讲的是现在的情况,着重指现在人不在,限用于第三人称,不用于第一、二人称。 She has gone to Shanghai for holidays. 她已经去上海度假了。② have been in后面可接表示地点的名词,表状态,意为“在某地”,也可接表示组织、团体的名词,意为“加入,,,,”。He has been in the Party for two years. 他入党已经两年了。He has been in England for 3 days. 他在英国待了三天了。注意have been to, have gone to 和 have been in后接表示地点的副词 there, here等时,介词to和in常省略。They have gone there.
他们已经去那里了。用法诀窍巧记have been to与have gone to的用法区别been to, gone to意不同,两者用法要记清,have been to + 地名,“曾经到过某地”行。have gone to +地点,“到了某地”无踪影。中考链接— Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary?— Yes. I ______ there for three days with my parents last month.A. have gone
B. have been
D. was解析:本题考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。由答语中的last month可知,答语应用一般过去时,故排除A、B两项。而went是非延续性动词,不能与 for three days连用,故选D。答案:D 4. I like San Francisco very much because there's a lot to see and do there.我非常喜欢旧金山,因为那里有很多可看和可做的。a lot意为“许多,大量”,其近义词为many, much;反义词为few, little。We learnt a lot from our teacher. 我们从老师那里学到了很多。拓展(1)a lot作副词用,意为“很,非常”,相当于very much。Thanks a lot. 多谢。a lot作副词用时主要是作状语,也可修饰比较级。但very much不可用于修饰比较级。 I am feeling a lot better. 我现在感觉好多了。(2)a lot of = lots of意为“许多,大量”,作定语,常用在肯定句中。后面接可数名词时同义词是many;后面接不可数名词时同义词是much。There are a lot of / lots of people in the shop today.(相当于 many)今天商店里有很多人。 There is a lot of / lots of rain in summer here. (相当于 much)这里夏天多雨。 5. He's given concerts all over China and the tickets have always sold out.他在中国各地举办过演唱会,门票总是一售而光。sell out意为“售完,卖光”,该短语为动副型结构的短语,可用于被动语态,表示商品已经卖完。该短语后面不接宾语时,作不及物动词短语,要用表示事物的名词作主语;若后面接宾语时,该短语用作及物动词短语,要用表示人的词作主语。The tickets for the game have sold out. 比赛的门票已销售一空。She has sold out all the books. 她把所有的书都卖了。 6. At the end she got up, and Zhang Ziyi was in the seat beside her.电影演完她站了起来,而章子怡就坐在她旁边。(1)at the end在此指“(在电影)结束时”。辨析:at the end与in the endAt the end
“在,,,,末尾/末端”,既可指时间,也可指位置,其后常加介词ofIn the end
“最后;终于”,只指时间,相当于finally, 其后不接介词ofWe sang an English song at the end of the party.
在晚会结束时,我们唱了 一首英文歌。 In the end, they became good friends. 他们最终成了好朋友。(2)beside是介词,意为“在,,,,旁边”。They lived in a small village beside a river.
他们住在河边的一个小村子里。 7. I’ ve always wanted to meet her. 我一直想见她(章子怡)。Have / has always done表示“总是/一直做某事”。She has always wanted to become a singer. 她总想成为一名歌唱家。I've always wanted to go to the USA and Europe. 我一直想去美国和欧洲。Pizza has always been my favourite food. 比萨饼一直是我的最爱。 第3单元内容详解1.I’ve done so many things!我已经做了很多亊情!so adv.如此He runs so fast. 他跑得如此快!I have so much homework to do.我有如此多的作业要做。拓展“ so+形容词”修饰可数名词单数时,其结构为“so+形容词+a / an+可数名词单数”,相当于“such + a / an + adj.(形容词)+可数名词单数”。He’s so clever a boy. = He's such a clever boy. 他是如此聪明的一个男孩。 2. There's only one thing I haven't done yet:… 只有一件事情我还没有做:,,,,yet意为“(迄今)还,尚”,常用在否定句、疑问句中。通常位于句末。I haven't done my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。注意yet用于肯定句中与比较级连用,用来加强语气,意为“更”,yet较为正式,口语中常用still。 You must work yet harder. 你必须更加努力工作。拓展yet意为“已经”时,句中的谓语动词在英式英语中常用现在完成时,而在美式英语中常用一般过去时。肯定句中要用already;在否定句中表示“还(有)”只能用 yet,不能用 already 或 still。Have you received the parcel yet?(英式英语)= Did you receive the parcel yet? (美式英语)你收到包裏了吗? 3. live in another country 住在另一个国家another adj. &pron. 指三者或三者以上中不确定的一个;指另一个,其后跟可数名词单数。 Would you like another apple? 你想再要一个苹果吗?辨析:another 与 moreanother与more均可表示“又”“再”之意。(1) another作此意讲时,通常有以下两种用法:①后接可数名词单数;②another+基数词+复数名词(=基数词+more+复数名词)。May I have another two / two more bananas? 我可以再吃两个香蕉吗?(2)more作此意讲时,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。more应放在数量词的后面。There are only twelve candles. We'll need one more/another one.只有12支蜡烛,我们还需要一支。Would you like some more tea?(不能说:… another some…)你要再喝些茶吗? 4. How many times has Winnie been to the United States? 温妮去过美国多少次?time在此为可数名词,意为“次数”。“一次”为once,“两次”为twice,三次或三次以上用“基数词+ times”表示。对“次数”提问时用how many times。— How many times have you seen the film?这部电影你看过几次了?— Only once.只有一次。My father has been to Beijing four times.我父亲去过北京4次了。 5. Since then over 400 million people have visited Disneyland theme parks.从那时起,已有4亿多人参观了迪斯尼主题公园。(1)since then意为“从那时起(到现在)”,常用于现在完成时。His mother began working in 1995. She's been a doctor since then.他母亲1995年幵始工作。从那时起她就成为了一名医生。(2)million意为“百万”,与具体的数字连用时,不加s, 后面直接接复数名词。固定短语millions of…意为“数百万的,,,,”,其后接可数名词的复数形式,不与具体数字连用。 Millions of people help them in different ways.
数百万人以不同的方式帮助他们。 用法诀窍hundred, thousand和million,有时含糊有时清。清时无s和of,糊时s和of跟。 中考链接Because of Project Hope,______ children have better lives.A. thousand B. thousands
C. thousand of
D. thousands of解析:本题考查固定搭配。thousands of是固定短语,意为“成千上万的”,常用来形容数量之多。句意为:因为希望工程,成千上万的孩子有了更好的生活。答案:D Module 3
Journey to space第1单元1. It has already sent messages back to Earth. 它已经把信息发送回地球了。already作为副词,意为“已经,早已”。He has already known the news. 他已经知道这个消息了。辨析:already 与 yetAlready:一般用于肯定句,用于疑问句时表示“惊喜,意外”Yet:一般用于否定句或疑问句,常用于句末。Have you done it already ? 你已经做好啦?(好快)Already(肯定句)yet(疑问句)not yetHaven't you done it yet?
你还没有做好吗?(太慢) 2. Hi Daming, I've just made this model of the space station.嗨,大明,这是我刚做的宇宙空间站模型。just表示“刚刚”,常与现在完成时、一般过去时和过去完成时连用。just用在现在完成时的句子中时,应位于助动词have/has之后,实义动词之前。I've just had breakfast. 我刚刚吃过早饭。Has she just arrived home? 她刚到家吗?辨析:just 与 just nowJust: “刚刚”,常用于现在完成时,位于助动词之后,实义动词之前。Just now:“刚才”,相当于a moment ago, 用于一般过去时,通常位于句末。I’ve just finished my homework. 我刚写完作业。I saw her in the library just now. 刚才我在图书馆看见她了。温馨提示另外,just now还有“眼下;现在”之意,常用于进行时或一般现在时的句子中。 I'm busy just now. 眼下我正忙着呢。 3. It has taken several months to get there. 宇宙飞船要飞几个月才能到达那里。(1)本句所使用的句型为:It takes (sb. ) some time to do sth. 意为“(某人)花费时间做某事”。其中it是形式主语,动词不定式to do sth.是真正的主语,它常常与句型Sb. spend(s)… doing sth.互换。It took him 5 minutes to draw a horse. —He spent 5 minutes drawing a horse.他花5分钟时间画了一匹马。(2)several adj. & pron.几个① several可作形容词,有两种含义:“各自的”和“几个”。它只能修饰可数名词。 They went their several ways. 他们各走各的路。Several days later she came again. 几天后她又来了。② several可作代词,意为“几个,数个”。—Excuse me, have you got any books about history?打扰了,请问你们有一些历史方面的书吗?—Yes, we've got several. 是的,我们有几本。 4. Has it arrived yet? 它已经到达了吗?arrive v.到达They arrived in Beijing three days ago.
3天前他们到达了北京。Arrive 后面的介词,由到达地点的大小来决定In 用于较大的地方,如国家、大都市等At 用于较小的、具体的场所,如镇、家、店、车站、银行等辨析:arrive, get与reachGet to=arrive at / in = reach 到达Get to Beijingarrive in Beijingreach Beijing(地点名词)Get homeArrive hereReach there(地点副词)We arrived home late in the evening. 我们晚上很晚才到家We arrived at the airport by taxi. 我们乘出租车到达机场。What time does the plane get to New York? 这架飞机几点到达纽约?They reach school at half past six in the morning. 他们早上六点半到校。When did you get here? 你们什么时候到达这里的? 5. That's why it's on the news. 所以新闻才报道啊。That's why... 意为“那就是,,,,的原因”,why后用陈述语序。That's why she was late.那就是她迟到的原因。That's why I like music.那就是我喜欢音乐的原因。 6. Can I show your space station to my parents ?我能把你制作的宇宙空间站拿给我父母看看吗?show用作及物动词,意为“出示;展示,给,,,,看”,常用于show sth. to sb.或show sb. sth.结构中。Please show me your new computer. = Please show your new computer to me.请把你的新电脑给我看看。注意当show的宾语是代词时,只能用show sth. to sb.结构。Will you please show it to me? 让我看看它好吗? 7. But bring it back tomorrow. 但是明天要拿回来啊。bring作动词,意为“带来;拿来”。Please bring me the book. = Please bring the book to me. 请把那本书带给我。辨析:bring, take,carry 与 fetchBring: 为“带来;拿来”,其后可接表示人或物的名词作宾语,也可接双宾语,指从别处把某人或某物“带来;拿来(从外往里带)”,其方向是指向说话人Take: 意为“带走;拿走”,其后可接表示人或物的名词作宾语,也可接双宾语,指从这里把某人或某物“带走;拿走(从这里往外拿)”,其方向为远离说话人Carry: 表示“搬;扛;拿”等,其后也可接表示人或物的名词作宾语,carry指随身携带,没有特定的方向性Fetch: 表示“去取来”,后面可接表示人或物的名词作宾语,其同义词为get,其方向是先离去,再返回Please bring your book here. 请把你的书带到这儿来。Let's take Mary to the cinema. 让我们带玛丽去看电影吧。He often carries water for us. 他经常给我们提水。Please fetch my coat from my bedroom. 请去我的卧室把我的外套拿来。 第2单元1. However, we have’t found life on other planets yet.但是,我们还没有发现其他行星上有生命存在。(1)however 是副词,一般是置于两句之间,其前后用逗号与句子隔开,表示转折。但是however与but不同,but后不能用逗号,且but的转折意味比however更强。Sales are poor this month. There may, however, be an increase before Christmas.这个月销售量不理想。不过,圣诞节之前也许会上升。She studied hard, but she didn't pass the exam.她努力学习,但是没通过考试。(2)辨析:the other(s)与other(s) .① the other与other后可加名词;the others与others后不加名词。② the others表示一定范围内除去一部分后其余的全体;others表示除去一部分以后的另一些,但不是剩下的全体。I have two pens. One is black and the other (one) is blue.我有两支钢笔,一支是黑色的,另一支是蓝色的。Give me some other apples / others,please!请再给我一些苹果吧!中考链接New Zealand has two islands. One is North Island and ______ is South Island.A. another
B. the other
D. the others解析:本题考查不定代词的用法。another指三者或三者以上中的任何一个;the other用作形容词或代词,指两者中的另一个;other只作定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;the others指其余的全部。由句中关键词two islands知本题选B。答案:B 2. None of them has an environment with air, so people and things cannot grow.这些行星上没有空气,所以人和其他东西不能生存。none作为代词,意为“没有一个”,既可表示“没有一个人”,也可以表示“没有一个事物”,作主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可以用复数。none常与表示范围的of短语连用,表示完全否定。none of作主语时,如果指代可数名词,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数;如果指代不可数名词,则谓语动词只能用单数。None of them come / comes from America. 他们都不来自美国。None of the money is mine. 这些钱没有一点儿是我的。辨析:no one 与 none(1)no one用来指人,含有“not even one(连一个也没有)”之意,其后不能接of短语,当它作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。No one likes a person with bad manners. 没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。(2)none不仅可以指人,也可以指物,其后常接of短语,构成“none of+名词/代词”结构,当名词或代词是复数时,谓语动词用单、复数均可。None of us have/has seen her. 我们没有人见过她。(3)none还可用于表示抽象概念,意为“一点儿也不”。She wanted to go there alone, but her parents would have none of it.她想要一个人到那儿去,但她父母不允许她这么做。(4)在简略答语中,no one用来回答who引起的问句,而none则用来回答“how many+名词复数”,“how much+不可数名词”以及含有“any+名词”引起的疑问句。—How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?—None. 一个也没有。—Is there any water in the cup? 杯子里有水吗?—None. 没有。—Who can answer the question? 谁能回答这个问题?—No one. 没有人。 3. The stars we see at night are the suns in other solar systems.晚上我们看到的星星是其他星系的恒星。sun在这里作“恒星”讲。Our sun is only one of many suns in the heavens.我们的太阳只是天际中许多恒星中的一颗。 4. They are a long way away and their light has travelled for many years to reach us.它们离我们很遥远,它们的光要经过很多年才能到达我们地球。a long way away遥远,相当于far away。类似的构成:My home is about two kilometres away from our school.我家离我们学校大约有两千米远。 5. Scientists have sent lots of spacecraft to look at other planets in our solar system,and some spacecraft have gone beyond the solar system.科学家们已经发射了很多宇宙飞船来观测太阳系中的其他行星,一些宇宙飞船已飞到了太阳系之外。spacecraft宇宙飞船,单复数同形。The spacecraft is supposed to land here. 宇宙飞船预计在这里着陆。Most of the spacecraft are sent into space at this launch site.大多数飞船是从这个发射基地发射到太空的。 6. With so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space?宇宙中有这么多星星,我们到底是孤独的呢,抑或太空中还有其他生命呢?(1)with so many stars in the universe 是介词短语,在句中作状语,表示伴随情况。 The boy ran in, with an apple in his hand. 那个小男孩手里拿着苹果跑了进来。(2)so many意为“如此多”,后接可数名词复数。There are so many people in the supermarket. 超市里有如此多的人。(3)alone adj.孤单的,孤独的;adv. 独自;单独地If you don't want to go alone, I'll go with you.如果你不想一个人去,我和你一起去。辨析:alone与 lonelyAlone
只表示“独自”的客观状态,没有感情色彩Lonely 可表示人“孤独的,寂寞的”,也可表示地方“荒凉的,人烟稀少的”—言辨异I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain. I didn't feel lonely though I was alone.我独自行走在荒凉的山里,虽孤身一人,但并不感到寂寞。 7. They've visited most of the universe.他们己到达了宇宙的大部分。most of... ,,,,中的大多数,后可跟可数名词复数,也可跟不可数名词。most of... 短语作主语时,谓语动词的形式由of后面的名词形式决定。Most of the students in our class go to school by bike. 我们班的大多数学生骑自行车上学。 Most of the water is clean. 大部分水是干净的。8. What costs a million yuan? 什么价值100万元?cost用作动词,意为“价格是,花费,价值”,其过去式和过去分词均为cost。The book costs 20 yuan. 这本书的价格是20元。The bike cost me 350,这辆自行车花了我350元钱。注意cost的主语通常是物。 9. prefer life on Mars更喜欢火星上的生活prefer用作及物动词,意为“宁愿,更喜欢”,相当于like better,其过去式、过去分词为preferred,现在分词为preferring。prefer用法比较灵活,后面可跟名词、代词、不定式等。 —Do you like coffee? 你喜欢咖啡吗?—Yes. But I prefer tea. 是的,但我更喜欢茶。I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping this weekend.这个周末我宁愿待在家里也不去购物。prefer A to B是一个常考结构,A与B是平行结构,可以是名词,也可以是动名词。 I prefer apples to bananas. 苹果和香蕉相比,我更喜欢苹果。She prefers singing to dancing. 唱歌和跳舞相比,她更喜欢唱歌。 第3单元内容详解1. The space shuttle has returned from a visit to the space station.航天飞机访问太空站后返回。a visit to... 对,,,,的参观/访问,visit在此为名词,意为“参观,访问”拓展visit常用在下列短语中:for a visit参观;on a visit to.
to... 拜访,,,,They went to the Summer Palace for a visit. 他们参观了颐和园。We are on a visit to London at the moment.目前我们正在访问伦敦。2. Did you know that scientists have discovered water on Mars?你知道科学家们在火星上发现水了吗?Discover v. 意为“发现”,即发现原来早已存在但人们还不知道的东西,如新大陆、科学规律等。That was what she set out to discover. 那就是她着手去发现的东西。拓展invent作动词,与discover是近义词,意为“发明”,即发明以前从未存在过的东西。 He has invented a new way of making silk. 他发明了一种生产丝绸的新方法。 3. So far there's only life on Earth. 到目前为止,只有地球上有生命。so far是固定词组,意为“到目前为止”,指从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在这一段时间,常用于现在完成时态中。So far we've planted more than 2,000 trees.到目前为止,我们已种了2 000多棵树。4.1 haven't read anything as good as that for a long time!我很长时间没有读到和它一样好的东西了!As…as的用法(1)as…as意为“像,,,,一样,,,,”,这是两者之间的同级比较,中间应使用形容词或副词的原级。She is as tall as I / me. 她和我一样高。(2)as…as的否定形式为not as / so… as,意为“不如,,,,”。Tom doesn't sing as / so well as Lucy.
汤姆不如露西唱得好。用法诀窍同等程度的比较,肯定形式用“as+形容词/副词原级+ as”,否定形式用“not so/as+形容词/副词原级+ as”。This book is (not) as thick as that one. 这本书不如那本书厚。5. It is so good that I've already asked the library to keep the next book for me!它是如此好,以至于我己经让图书馆为我留着下一本!so...that用来引导表示结果或程度的从句,意思为“如此,,,,以致(因而)”。so是副词,与形容词或副词连用,其结构是:so+ adj./adv. +that从句。He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.
他跑得如此快,我都追不上他了。I was so sleepy that I couldn't keep my eyes open.我太困了,都挣不开眼了。拓展“so+形容词/副词+that从句”可以转换成简单句。当that从句是否定式时,可转换成“too... to...”结构;当that从句是肯定式时,可转换成“形容词 / 副词+ enough (for sb. ) to do”结构。He was so excited that he could not say anything.— He was too excited to say anything. 他激动得连一句话也说不出来。The box is so heavy that he can't carry it.一The box is too heavy for him to carry. 这个箱子太重以至于他搬不动。The room is so comfortable that she likes to live in it.—The room is comfortable enough for her to live in.这个房间如此舒服,她喜欢住在里面。 Module 4
Education内容详解1. How long has Ms James been a teacher? 詹姆斯女士成为教师多长时间了?辨析:how often, how soon与how long词条:how often
辨析:“多久一次”,提问动作发生的频率
例句:一How often do you go home?
你多久回家一次? — Once a week. 一周一次。词条:how soon
辨析:“还要多长(时间),才,,,,”,回答一般用将来时,用“in+一段时间” 例句:—How soon will they come back ? 他们多久才回来?They'll come back in two weeks. 他们两周之后回来。词条:how long
辨析:“(延续)多长时间”,回答用“for...”或“since…”引导的时间状语 例句:—How long have you lived here? 你在这儿住了多久了? —Since I was born. 我自从出生以来一直住在这里。中考链接— ______ can you be ready, Andy?— In ten minutes.A. How much
B. How often
C. How long
D. How soon解析: how much“多少”;how often“多久一次”;how long“多长时间”;how soon“还要多久”。由答语“10分钟后”可推知,此处用how soon提问。答案: D 2. But I get on well with her. 不过我和她相处得很好。get on well with sb. 意为“与某人相处得好”,可与get along well with sb.互换。I hope you can get on well with each other. 我希望你们彼此友好相处。拓展get on / along with sth. 意为“某亊进展,,,,”。How are you getting on / along with your English study?你的英语学习进展如何? 3. Since 2004.自从2004年以来(我就住在这里)。(1)since作为介词,意为“自从,,,,以来”。其后接一个表示过去时间点的名词、代词或动名词,谓语动词要用现在完成时。I have worked here since 1997. 我从1997年开始一直在这儿工作。(2)since作为连词,用于引导时间状语从句。She has been away from her hometown since she was six.
她6岁就离开了家乡。注意①“since+时间点”常与完成时连用。I have studied English since 1998. 自从1998年以来我一直在学习英语。②“It is+时间段+ since”指“自从,,,,以来已经,,,,时间了”。It is three years since I came here.我来这儿已经3年了。 4.,,but she has heard about the Hope Schools and she wants to visit a school in Gansu or Qingdao.,,,,但是她听说了有关希望学校的事情,想到甘肃或青岛参观一所希望学校。 hear about意为“听说”,相当于hear of,表示间接听到或听说某人或某事。I've never heard about that before. 我以前从没听说过那件事。注意hear about与hear of意思和用法相近,都意为“听到;听说”,其中about与of都为介词,后面接名词或代词作宾语,不能接that从句。 第2单元内容详解Liu Sanzi is an eight-year-old boy from a village in Hunan Province.刘三子是个8岁的男孩儿,来自湖南省的一个村庄。eight-year-old为合成形容词,其结构为:数词+名词+形容词,其中名词必须用单数形式;另外也有“数词+名词”结构。它只能放在名词前作定语,不能作表语。I'll have a 3-day holiday.我将有 3 天的假期。2.He stopped going to school a few years ago.几年前他就辑学了。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。“stop+动名词”中的动名词为stop的宾语,意为“把,,,,停下来”。They were very tired, but they didn't stop working. 尽管他们很累了,但没有停止工作。 拓展Stop to do sth. 意为“停下(原先做的事)去做(另一件亊)”。“stop+不定式”中的不定式是stop的目的。He felt rather tired, so he stopped to drink a cup of coffee.他感到很累,于是停下来去喝杯咖啡。中考链接Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby ______.A. to stop crying
B. stop crying
C. to stop to cry
D. stop to cry解析:本题考查非谓语动词。Make sb. do sth.让某人做某事,make后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补;stop doing sth. 停止做某事;stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事。由题意“丹尼做各种事让婴儿停止哭”知应选B。答案:B 3. Now they can go to school with the help of Project Hope.现在,在希望工程的帮助下他们可以去上学了。with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下,相当于with sb. 's help。With the help of Li Ming,I finished the work in time.=With Li Ming's help, I finished the work in time.在李明的帮助下,我及时完成了那项工作。拓展without the help of sb. 没有某人的帮助Without the help of our English teacher, I couldn't pass the exam.没有我们英语老师的帮助,我就不能通过考试。 4. In the last 15 years, this project has raised money and paid for the education of 2.5 million poor students in the countryside.在过去的15年里,希望工程通过募捐为250万名农村贫困学生支付了学费。(1)in the last… years意为“在过去的,,,,年中”,有时也用作 in/during the past...years,常用于现在完成时态中。In the last three years, they have planted thousands of trees.在过去的3年里,他们已栽了成千上万棵树。(2)raise v. (to collect)筹集They are raising money for the people who lost homes in the earthquake.他们正在为那些在地震中失去家园的人筹钱。拓展raise作动词,还有以下几种意义:① 举起;抬起。其同义词是lift。 Don't raise your hand.不要举手。② 养育;饲养;种植。其同义词组为bring up。I'm very tired because I must raise a family. 我很累,因为我必须要养家。③ 建立;竖起。其同义词组为set up。The people will raise a monument. 人们要立一座纪念碑。④ 提高,升高。Don't raise your voice.不要提高声音。(3)辨析:pay与pay forPay 后跟“人”作宾语,常表示“酬谢某人”“付给某人酬金”Pay for 后常接“物”作宾语,表示“付买东西的钱”He paid $ 5 for that book. = He spent $ 5 on that book. / He bought that book for $5. =That book cost him $5.他花了 5 美元买那本书。一言辨异He paid the doctor and paid for his medicine.他酬谢了医生,并付了买药的钱。 5. People in China and abroad have given 2. 2 billion yuan.国内外人士已捐资22亿元。abroad用作副词,意为“在国外;到国外”。I'll go abroad with Tom next year. 明年,我要和汤姆一起出国。He has many friends at home and abroad.他在国内夕卜有许多朋友。注意abroad是副词,它不与介词at, in, to连用,前面也不能加冠词。 6. With this money, Project Hope has built many schools and libraries.希望工程用这些钱建了很多学校和图书馆。with prep. 用We write with a pen. 我们用钢笔写字。辨析:with与inwith指用某种工具等,in指用某种语言、方式、方法或材料。People often cut things with a knife.人们经常用刀切割东西。He paints in oils.他用油彩画画。 7. Because of Project Hope, thousands of children have better lives.由于希望工程的努力,成千上万的孩子过上了更好的生活。Because of 为复合介词短语,意为“因为,由于”,在句中一般作状语,其后接名词或名词性短语,可置于句首或句末。They had to stay at home because of a heavy rain.=Because of a heavy rain, they had to stay at home. 因为一场大雨,他们只好待在家里。辨析: because与because ofBecause 接从句because of 接名词、代词或动名词He didn't pass the exam because he was careless。=He didn’t pass the exam because of his carelessness. 他因为粗心没有通过这次考试。 第3单元内容详解1.... has worn glasses for more than three years .......已经戴眼镜3年多了。wear作为动词,意为“穿着;戴着”,表示状态,宾语可以是衣帽,也可以是饰物、奖章等。
She wears a beautiful dress.她穿着一件漂亮的礼服。拓展表达“穿戴”的几个词语的用法:(1)in作为介词,后接表示衣服或颜色的词,着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。The boy in blue is my brother. 那个穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我弟弟。(2)put on意为“穿上,戴上”,强调“穿戴”的动作,后接衣服、鞋帽等。Put on your coat if you are going out. 如果你要出去,穿上你的大衣。(3)dress的宾语通常是人,意思是“给,,,,穿衣服。dress oneself或get dressed表示给自己穿衣服。My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在会自己穿衣服了。“穿”的动作和状态:[动作]He's getting dressed.He's putting on his coat. [状态]He's dressed in black.He's wearing a black coat. [搭配]Dress undress+ 人Put on, wear, take off+ 衣服 2. She lived next door to me in Guangzhou but then her parents moved to another city.在广州她住在我隔壁,但是后来她的父母搬到了另一座城市。move可用作及物动词或不及物动词。(1)作及物动词时,表示“搬动,移动,使改变位置”。We had better move the stone away. 我们最好把石头搬开。(2)作及物动词时,也可表示“使,,,,感动”。The true story moved them deeply.这个真实的故事深深地感动了他们。(3)作不及物动词时,意为“移动,摇动;迁移”。They plan to move to Australia.他们计划迁至澳大利亚。 3. six point two 六点二point的用法:(1)point作为名词,意为“点;分”。 two point six 二点六(2)point作为动词,意为“指着,指向”。
She pointed in my direction.她指向我这边。 拓展① point at意为“指着”,强调指向较近之物。The teacher is pointing at the map.教师正指着地图。② point to意为“指向”,强调指向较远之物。He pointed to the high mountain far away. 他指向远处的高山。 4. It has shops and sells fruit and coffee grown by poor farmers.它有商店,用来卖贫困农民种植的水果和咖啡。(1)sell意为“卖”,可以用于sell sth. to sb.或sell sb. sth.结构中,意为“把某物卖给某人”。
Mr Smith is going to sell his car to me.=Mr Smith is going to sell me his car. 史密斯先生打箅把他的车卖给我。拓展① sell的反义词为buy(买),buy可以用于buy sth. for sb.或buy sb. sth. 结构中,意为“给某人买某物。buy sth. from… 意为“从,,,,买某物”。My mother is going to buy me a new coat.= My mother is going to buy a new coat for me. 我妈妈准备给我买一件新大衣。② buy和sell可以与介词for连用,for后面接价格或消费数额,表示“买东西花了多少钱”或“卖东西挣了多少钱”。She wants to buy it for 10 thousand dollars.她想以一万美元的价格把它买下来。The shirt sells for 6 dollars. 这件衬衫售价6美元。(2)句中grown是grow的过去分词,grown by poor farmers作定语修饰前面的fruit and coffee,意为“贫困农民种植的水果和咖啡”。The book written by Han Han sells well. 韩寒写的这本书很畅销。 5. Rich people give clothes to the shops. 富人们把衣服捐给商店。clothes n. 衣服,通常用作复数。前面不能加a,也不能和数词连用,但可用these, those, many,few等修饰。Fine clothes make the man. 人靠衣装马靠鞍。put on one's clothes 穿上衣服in one's best cloth穿着盛装a suit of clothes 一套衣服。拓展各种各样的clothesshirt衬衫skirt女裙socks短袜coat外套,大衣dress连衣裙sweater 毛衣,羊毛衫jacket 夹克衫blouse女式衬衫trousers 裤子shorts短裤辨析:cloth, clothes clothing 与 dress(1)cloth通常指各种衣服所用的“布,布料”。I need a lot of cloth if I’m going to make a new dress.如果我要做件衣服的话,需要很多布料。(2)clothes总是用复数形式,是衣服的总称。该词可以和many, these, some等连用。 He has many clothes. 他有许多衣服。 ^(3)clothing是服装的总称,泛指服装或特指某类衣服,范围比clothes广。We need warm clothing for the winter. 我们需要暖和的衣服过冬。(4)dress使用范围狭窄,作不可数名词时,统指外面的衣服;作可数名词时,通常指妇女、儿童的服装。Boys think less about dress than girls do. 男孩子对穿着想得没有女孩子多。 Module 5
Western music第一单元内容详解1. Who’s it by? 这是谁创作的?By是介词,意思是“由,,,,”。He knows it’s a play by Shakespeare. 他知道这是莎士比亚的一部戏剧。2.Well, I’m not sure… 噢,我不太清楚,,,,Sure 常用作形容词,意为“肯定的”,常见用法有:结构:be sure of + 名词/代词
be sure + that 从句
含义:主语感到对,,,,有把握或确信 主语:人结构:be sure to do sth.
含义:说话人推测一定或必然会,,,, 主语:人或物Take it easy. I'm sure of it. 别急,我对它有把握。I'm sure that I can pass the exam. 我确信我能通过这次考试She's sure to arrive on time. 她一定会准时到达的。温馨提示make sure也是一个常用词组,意为“确保;查明”,后接of短语或宾语从句。They scored another goal and made sure of victory. 他们又进了一个球,这就赢定了 Make sure that they know nothing about our plan. 绝对不能让他们知道我们的计划。3. What's it called?这首乐曲叫什么名字?be called... 意为“被叫做,,,,”,为被动语态结构。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,被动语态的结构:“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。be有人称、数和时态的变化。 The flowers are watered twice a week. 这些花儿一周浇两次水。用法诀窍被动语态句型巧记口诀被动语态强调宾(语),用be加上过去分(词),行为对象作主语,逻辑主语by来引。4 ...so she doesn't like pop music, does she?......所以她不喜欢流行音乐,对吧?反意疑问句是一个肯定或否定的陈述句后加一个简短的问句,回答吋用yes或no。在回答类似上面这种“前否后肯”型的反意疑问句时,也必须遵循“Yes +肯定的简短答语”和“No+否定的简短答语”的基本原则。但翻译时要注意英汉两种语言的差异,yes译为“不”,而no译为“是的”。一You haven't been to Tianjin,have you? 你没有去过天津,是吗?—Yes, I have. /No, I haven't. 不,我去过。/是的,我没有。中考链接— Kate didn't go to school yesterday, did she?— ______,though she did not feel very well.A. Yes,she did
B. Yes, she didn't
C. No, she didn't
D. No. she did解析:本题考查反意疑问句的答语。句意:“凯特昨天没去上学,是不是? ”“不, 她去了,尽管她感到不舒服。”反意疑问句的答语要以亊实为主,故选A。答案:A 5. Give us a break!别再烦我们了!Give sb. a break
在口语中表达“别再烦某人了”的含义。Give me a break! I’m very tired of your endless talk.别在烦我了!我已经听够了你那没完没了的话。 6. What on earth is that? 那究竟是什么?On earth意为“究竟,到底”,用于疑问词之后加强语气。What on earth are they talking about? 他们到底在谈论什么:温馨提示On Earth意为“在地球上”,相当于in the world. 7. It’s lively and good to dance to. 它活泼轻快并且适合随着跳舞。Dance to 随着,,,,摇摆We danced to the music. 我们随着音乐跳舞。 第2单元内容详解1. The father, Johann Strauss the elder, wrote and played music for a classical dance—a waltz. 父亲老约翰o施特劳斯为古典舞——华尔兹作曲和演奏。辨析:elder 与 olderElder:指“年长的”,常修饰人,用来表示出生顺序的先后和年龄的长幼,常作定语,不可 用于than引导的比较状语从句中Older:指“年龄较大的,较老的,较旧的”,常修饰人或物。既可作定语,也可作表语,可 用于than引导的比较状语从句中My elder brother is one year older than I. 我哥哥比我大一岁。2. His waltzes made him famous all over Europe.他的华尔兹舞曲使他闻名于全欧洲。(1)make sb. + adj. 意为“使某人,,,,”。The noise from upstairs made the woman unhappy.楼上传来的噪音使那位妇女不开心。(2)make sb. do sth. 意为“使(让)某人做某事”。The manager made the workers work all night. 经理让工人们整夜工作。 3. The son, Johann Strauss the younger, was even more successful and popular than his father. 儿子小约翰o施特劳斯甚至比父亲更有成就,更受欢迎。副词even在此修饰形容词比较级,意为“更加”。另外,much, a lot,a little, far等也经常用于比较级前表示程度,意思分别为“,,,,得多”“更加”“有点”等。Lingling is much more careful than me. 玲玲比我认真得多。注意very, very much, too和too much均不可用来修饰比较级。中考链接I have changed a lot in the last few years. Now I'm ______ than before and I'm more outgoing.A. much tall
B. much taller
C. more taller解析:本题考查much与more在比较级中的使用情况。much修饰比较级,more构成比较级。由句中than判断出本句应使用比较级,tall是单音节形容词,其比较级形式为taller,故本题选B。答案: B 4. Before he was six he played not only the piano, but also the violin and the organ.他不到6岁时就不仅弹钢琴,还演奏小提琴和管风琴。not only… but also... 是一个表示并列关系的连词词组,用来连接两个并列关系的句子成分。 He's not only my teacher, but also my good friend. 他不仅是我的老师,而且还是我的好朋友。 I can speak not only English, but also French. 我不但会讲英语,而且还会讲法语。 温馨提示当either…or…, neither…nor…,not only…but also… 连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。Neither she nor I’m a worker. 她和我都不是工人。 5. But he died in 1791 when he was only 35. 然而他于 1791 年就去世了,年仅 35 岁。Die v. 死,死亡die作不及物动词时,表示“死亡”,没有被动语态。它只能表示一时的动作,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。He died in an accident. 他死于一起事故。He died for his country. 他为国捐躯了。 第3单元内容详解1. Maybe you didn't hear the phone. 可能你没有听到电话声。maybe adv可能,或许Maybe I'll go to the library this afternoon. 我可能今天下午去图书馆。辨析:maybe 与 may beMaybe 是副词,意为“也许,大概”。有时maybe和may be 可以相互转换,但位置不同。 May be may 是情态动词,be是动词原形,两者构成完整的谓语形式,意为“也许是,可能是”2. His music is difficult to play and sing. 他的音乐很难演奏和演唱。本句可转换为“It is +形容词+动词不定式”的形式,即:It’s difficult to play and sing his music. This song is easy to learn. =It is easy to learn this song. 这首歌很容易学。3. This music often uses trumpets and other loud instruments.这种音乐经常使用小号和其他音量大的乐器来演奏。loud adj. & adv.响亮的(地),大声的(地)辨析:loud,loudly 与 aloudLoud: 表示“声音大”,作形容词时,可以作表语或定语;作副词时,常与laugh,read, speak, talk等动词搭配使用,还可以与loudly替换使用Loudly: 用法较正式,含有一点贬义,尤指“吵闹地,喧哗地”,可与任何表示声响的动词搭配。aloud 是副词,多指出声,可以让人听得见,但声音不一定很大They laughed loud and long. 他们大声笑个不停。Suddenly the bell rang loudly. 突然,铃声大响。Don't read aloud in the library. 不要在图书馆里朗读。 4. In 1968 Elvis got his own TV show and it was very popular. 在1968年埃尔维斯拍了自己的电视节目并且很受欢迎。own作为形容词,意为“自己的”,常与所有格连用。固定结构为“物主代词+own+名词”或“名词+of+物主代词+own”。This is my own house. 这是我自己的房子。Can you see the house of my own? 你能看到我的房子吗?拓展own作动词时,意为“拥有”,相当于have。I own / have a bicycle. 我有一辆自行车。 5. The main instruments of the orchestra belong to four main categories…管弦乐队中的主要乐器属于四种主要类别,,,,belong to意为“属于;归,,,,所有”,其中belong为不及物动词,to为介词,后接宾语,不用于进行时态,也不用于被动语态。That book belongs to me. 那本书是我的。 Module 6
A famous storyHow is it going, Lingling? 玲玲,一切可好?How is it going?是询问“事情进展如何?”的句型,其中动词go表示“进展”时,用物作主语,用副词作状语。Things are going rather well. 事情进展得相当顺利。拓展询问“你过得怎么样?”可用:How are you getting on/alongf 2. It’s about a girl called Alice. 它是一个关于名叫爱丽丝的女孩的故事called... 被称为,,,,,过去分词(短语)作后置定语。The boy called Tom is from England.那个叫汤姆的男孩来自英国。 3. Go on! 继续说下去!go on意为“继续”,一般用作不及物动词短语。It’s a good story. Go on, please. 这是一个好故事,请继续讲下去。go on的常用结构及用法:结构:go on doing sth.
含义:“继续做某事”,强调所做的是同一件事
例句:They went on working. 他们继续工作(一直在工作)结构:go on with sth.
含义:“继续(做)某事”,强调所做的是同一件事,但中间有停顿
例句:He went on with his homework after a short rest. 稍微休息之后他继续做他的家庭作业。 结构:go on to do sth.
含义:“接着做某事”,强调所做的事情为另一件
例句:After I finished my homework, I went on to help my mother with the housework 我做完家庭作业后,接着帮母亲做家务。 4. One day she was sitting by the river with a book, but she wasn't reading it, 有一天,她坐在河边,拿着一本书,但她并没有在看。by介词,其意义与用法如下:(1)意为“在,,,,旁边”,表示位置。The old man lives by the sea. 那个老人住在海边。(2)意为“沿;经;从旁边经过”,表示移动方向。He passed by me without noticing me. 他从我旁边经过,没有注意到我。(3)意为“不迟于;到,,,,为止”,表示时间。Can you finish reading the book by tomorrow? 到明天你能读完这本书吗?(4)意为“由;靠”,表示方法、手段。I learn English by listening to the radio. 我通过听收音机学习英语。(5)意为“被;由;受”。The book was written by his uncle. 这本书是他叔叔写的。 5. And the Cheshire Cat was sitting in a tree and was smiling at everyone. 柴郡猫坐在树上,正在朝大家微笑。In a tree在树上(外来物)。On a tree在树上(长在树上的东西,如花、果实等)There's a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有一只鸟There are lots of bananas on the banana tree. 那棵香蕉树上有许多香蕉。拓展当谈到“在墻上”时,我们也要区分使用介词in和on。表达在墙的表面时用on,在墙的内部则用in。Look at the picture on the wall. 看墙上的那幅图画。There is a mouse hole in the wall.墙上有个老鼠洞。 6. Every boy and girl in Britain has read it. 在英国,每个男孩和女孩都看过这本书。在every A and B结构中,A、B是单数可数名词,这个结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 In our class every boy and girl has an English-Chinese dictionary.在我们班每个男孩和女孩都有一本英汉词典。Every man and woman in the group carries a big bag.这个组的每个男士和女士都搬一个大包。 第2单元内容详解1. Alice had nothing to do. 爱丽丝没有什么事可做。(1)不定式修饰不定代词须后置,表示“可(做)的,,,,(事)”。类似的表达法有:have something to do 有事可做;have something to eat有可吃的东西;have nothing to drink没有什么喝的东西。(2)nothing为不定代词,意为“没有什么,没有什么东西”,表示否定意义,相当于not anything。There is nothing in the room. = There is not anything in the room. 房间里什么也没有。 温馨提示nothing指物,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,它一般用来回答含anything的一般疑问句以及what引导的特殊疑问句。— What's in the box? 盒子里有什么东西?— Nothing. 什么也没有。一Can you see anything without glasses? 不戴眼镜你能看到东西吗?一Nothing. 什么也看不到。中考链接She is new here, so we know______ about her.A. nothing B. something
C. anything
D. everything解析:本题考查不定代词的用法。nothing “没有东西”;something “某事,某物”; anything“什么事/物,任何事/物”;everything“每件亊,一切。因为“她是新来的”,所以“我们对她一无所知”。故选A。答案:A 2. “And what is a book for, ”thought Alice “without pictures or conversations?” 爱丽丝心想:“连插图和对话都没有,这书还有什么用呢?(1)What… for? 是不理解对方的动机或询问对方的目的和用意时的用语,for放于句末。What... for? 的意思相当于“Why?”,但What…for?侧重提问目的,用不定式或for短语回答;why侧重于提问原因,用because回答。一 What are you sitting on the eggs for? 你坐在鸡蛋上做什么?— I'm sitting on them to hatch the chicks. 我坐在它们上面是为了孵小鸡。(2)without是介词,意为“没有”,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。Fish can't live without water. 鱼儿离不开水。 3. So she was thinking of making a daisy chain when suddenly a white rabbit with pink eyes ran by her. 她正在想着做一个雏菊花环,突然,一只长着粉色眼睛的白兔从她身边跑了过去。 when在此是连词,意为“就在那时”,相当于at that time。be doing…when...表示一个动作正在进行,另一个动作又发生了。They were talking about computer games when the teacher came in.老师进来时,他们正在讨论电

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