倒数后两个句子里,有副词作定语从句 关系副词吗?怎么看不出来?

请问副词作状语,副词作宾语,副词作定语怎么区分?_百度知道
请问副词作状语,副词作宾语,副词作定语怎么区分?
请问副词作状语,副词作宾语,副词作定语怎么区分?
1. 作状语
The evening( passed谓语)( quickly副词).  这个句子的结构是主+谓语+状语? 怎么看quickly是作状语呢? 跟在谓语动词后面的是状语? 
2. 作表语
He (isn’t系动词) up (...
权威,专业解答如下 (1)副词做状语,主要是修饰句子谓语动词的动作,说明动作进行发生的特点,第一句做状语,是用来描述,谓语动词,经过的特点,特点是,过去/经过,的非常快,说明时间过去的,这个动作特点 (2)副词做表语:是形容主语的状态特征的,说明主语,还没有起床,这个动作,(有点主语补足语意思)例如,I am here 种副词here 是说明主语空间位置状态的 (3)主语,这个句子结构, 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(1)+状语(2) 这个句中不是宾语状语(1)是修饰状语 状语(2),注意,副词除了可以修饰动词,形容词,还可以修饰副词的 (4)副词做定语,通常要放在被修饰名字后面的用来作后置定语,例如The people here are all from USA 这里的都是来自美国,These people can't accustome themselves to the climate there ,(后置定语修饰气候)如果非常满意,请采纳,谢谢!
例如:The people (here副词作定语?) are all from USA.     These people can't accustome themselves to the climate (there副词,也作定语?) 这两句都是后置定语修饰people和climate吗?
这两句都是后置定语修饰people和climate吗?回答,是的,都是做后置定语,修饰前面的名词,
采纳率:65%
这个,只要你会翻译,应该就能明白吧。夜晚过的很快,quickly是修饰Pass的,修饰动词的当然是状语了,但不一定说跟在谓语动词后面的是状语,要看它修饰的成分。is是常用系动词,至于UP什么词性,我当时也不求甚解,只是知道,除了动词,一切皆可做表语。第三句是主谓宾加宾补结构,round here是补语。第四句有个and连接并列动词,谓语动词是Get off and take,the bus 是take的宾语,behind是修饰the bus ,所以是做定语。理解它的意思,看看它所修饰的成分,就不难理解它是做什么词性的了
1、状语:对谓语进行修饰或限制。quickly 这里修饰的是passed。2、这个里面作表语的是副词up,位于系动词be 之后表方位。3、strangers是宾语。4、behind修饰了bus,表明了是后面的汽车。
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修饰名词的是形容词,下面是副词的用法1.副词的意义和种类
副词常限制、修饰动词、形容词性词语,表示程度、范围、时间等意义.
表示程度:很、非常、极、十分、最、顶、太、更、挺、极其、格外、分外、更加、越、越发、有点儿、稍、稍微、略微、几乎、过于、尤其
表示范围:都、全、总、总共、共、统统、仅仅、只、光、净、一概、一律、一齐、单、单单
表示时间、频率:已经、曾经、早已、刚刚、正、正在、就、就要、将、将要、曾、刚、才、在、马上、立刻、、渐渐、早晚、从来、终于、一向、向来、从来、总是、始终、往往、永、赶紧、仍然、还是、屡次、依然、重新、还、再、再三、偶尔、顿时、终于、常、常常、时常、时时
表示处所:到处、处处、随处、四处
表示肯定、否定:不、没、没有、不用(甭)、必、必须、必定、准、的确、未、别、莫、勿、是否、不必、不曾
表示情态、方式:忽然、猛然、公然、特意、亲自、大肆、肆意、悄悄、连忙、赶紧、暗暗
表示语气:难道、决、岂、反正、也许、大约、大概、果然、居然、竟然、究竟、幸而、幸亏、偏偏、明明、恰恰、未免、只好、不妨、索性、简直、就、可、难怪、反倒、何尝、何必
同一小类的副词,语义和用法不一定都相同,有的差别还相当大.所以,同类副词在用法上的差别值得注意:
举例来说,“都、只”都表示范围,但是“都”表示总括全部,一般是总括它前面的词语,而“只”表示限制,限制它后面的词语的范围.例如
“中文(1)(2)(3)(4)班的同学都去了,只中文(5)班的同学没去.”
这一句的“都”所总括的对象是前面的“中文(1)(2)(3)(4)班的同学”,而“只”所限制的范围是后面的“中文(5)班的同学”.当然,“都”在疑问句里也可限制后面的词语.例如:在美国这么些年,你都去过哪些地方?你都点了哪些莱?
即使同样是总括它前面的词语,情况也很复杂.比如:
这些书我都看过了.(“都”总括它前面的“这些书”)
这本书我们都看过了.(“都”总括它前面的“我们”)
这些书我们都看过了.(脱离语境是有歧义的,“都”可以同时总括它前面的“这些书”和“我们”,也可以只总括它前面的“这些书”和“我们”中的一项.)
使用副词须要注意副词的语义指向.语义指向的不同,也常常会引起歧义,须要认真分辨.比如:
小东东最喜欢大熊猫.
副总理分别会见了两个工商界团体的代表和当地的一些新闻记者.
“最”指向“小东东”指的是在所有的小朋友中,指向“大熊猫”指的是在所有的动物中.“分别”指向“两个工商界团体,”会见一共是三次,指向“两个工商界团体的代表和当地的一些新闻记者,”会见总共是两次.当然,在一定的语境中歧义往往可以自行消除.
同样是否定“去”,“不去”是说话人就自己的意愿说的.“没去”是说这种行为尚未成为现实.“别去”是对别人的行为进行禁止和劝阻.
再比如“还”和“更”都可以表示程度,但“更”的比较项可以隐含.试比较:
我这支钢笔还不如那支呢.我这支钢笔更不如那支呢.
前句是两项比较(这支和那支);后句是三项比较,等于说“(你这支钢笔不如那支)我这支钢笔〔比你这支〕更不如那支呢.”〔〕中的内容隐含了.“他果然迟到了”和“他居然迟到了”是预设不同,前句的预设是“他会迟到”,后句的预设是“他不会迟到”.
对副词的分类,是大致的粗略的,有的副词用法很多,如“也、才、就、还……”虽是同一个副词,也可能属不同的小类.
试以“就”为例.
“我一会儿就去.”,“就”表示事情短期内即将发生,表时间;
“我就两张了,怎么能给你呢!”,“就”表示范围,“只”之意;
“他就不听你的,你能怎么办?”,“就”表示语气,相当于“偏”.
再看“还”:
“还好、还行、还可以”,“还”表示程度,有比较而言不错之意;
“怎么还不来!”“还”表示时间,有“老也不来”之意;
“二十年了,你还那样”,“还”表示情态,有“依然”之意;
“还要怎么样”,“还”表示语气,有“究竟”之意.
可见,一个副词究竟表示什么意思,往往须结合全句语境仔细体会.
2.副词的语法特征
(1)副词都能作状语.程度副词“很、极”还可以作补语.例如:
他〔马上〕吩咐小王倒水.(表时间)
牛娃〔从来〕〔都〕〔很〕犟.(分别从时间、范围、程度三个角度修饰形容词谓语)
“很”作补语,前头要加“得”如“糟糕得很”.“极”作补语时后头要加“了”,如“伤心极了”.
作状语时,单音双音副词都可在谓语中心之前主语之后,双音副词里有一些还可以放到主语之前,例如:“也许她已经走到半路上.难道这种产品还会受欢迎吗?”,“已经”、“还”修饰句中谓语,“也许”、“难道”是句首状语,修饰全句.两种表述语用场合不同.
值得注意的是,在句子里,有一些副词既可以用来修饰谓词,也可以用来修饰名词性成分.用来修饰名词主语的副词不多,有“就、仅、仅仅、只、光、单、单单、几乎”等等,表示限制人或事物的范围.例如:“只这几个牌子过硬,你看要哪个?”(表示限制品牌的范围);“今天就我倒霉”(表示限制人的范围);“光轿车就有十几辆”(表示限制轿车的范围);“仅这一点理由就充分了”(表示限制理由的范围,只一点就可以了).“才、就、好、仅、大概、已经、不过、将近、恰好”等词可以修饰数量短语,这些带有数量义的结构可以做多种句法成分,例如:“做了恰好三十天;一家伙来了好几十个;近40人困在井下;用了才八个小时;结婚已经六年了;没找到工作的就四个人”.这种副词用来表明说话人对数量的一种看法,这种句子所叙述的事情都是已经成为事实的.
(2)副词一般不能单说,附着性较强,只有“不、别、没有、马上、也许、大概、一点儿、有点儿、当然、何必、刚好、刚刚、的确”等在省略句中可以单说.例如:
“味道怎么样?”只能回答说“好”或“很好,”不能说“很”.
“什么时候出发?”“马上.”“你去吗?”“不,我不去.”
(3)部分副词能兼有关联作用.有单用的,有成对使用的,例如:
1)单用:说了又说、打不赢就走、说清楚再走、不去也可以、这样更没有道理
2)合用:又白又胖、不偏不倚、越忙越乱、既聋又哑、也好也不好、非去不可
3)和连词配合使用:
不但……还、只有……才、既然……就、除非……才、如果……就、即使……也、虽然……却、不论……都
“白”、“怪”、“老”、“净”、“直”、“挺”、“光”等都是同音同形.这些词修饰名词时是形容词,修饰动词、形容词时是副词.例如:
形容词 副词
白鞋(表性质) 白忙了一阵(白等于空,表方式)
怪人(表性质) 怪不好意思的(怪等于很,表程度)
净水(表性质) 书本上净是尘(净等于全,表范围)
老年(表性质) 老也不来(老等于一直,表时间)
直线(表性质) 痛得直哭(等于一直,表时间)
裤子很挺(表性质) 挺沉的(等于十分,表程度)
面子很光(表性质) 光吃不做(等于只,表范围)
两个“白”、“怪”、“老”、“净”、“直”、“挺”、“光”等是同一个字,但它是两类词,因语义和语法性质都不同,两者意义上已经失去了联系,应该认为是同音词,不是形容词兼副词.同音同形与兼类的区别在于同音同形不但功能不同,而且在语义上也相差很远,而兼类仅仅是功能不同,在语义上是有比较密切的关系的.
有些形容词和副词意思很接近,都可以做状语,但副词只能做状语,形容词还可以做定语、谓语.我们要细心分辨:凡是能作谓语、谓语中心,又能作定语或补语的是形容词,否则是副词,试看下面的例子:
“忽然下起雨来了”和“突然下起雨来了”(作状语)都可以说,但还可以说“这个消息太突然了”、“突然事件”.
“偶然也去看场电影”和“偶尔也去看场电影”看似一样(作状语),但还可以说“这次事故完全是偶然的(作谓语)”、“这完全是偶然事故(作定语)”.
所以,“突然”、“偶然”是形容词.
“没有”(没)是副词又是动词,是兼类词.动词“没有”、“没”和副词“没有”、“没”的区别是用在谓词(动词、形容词)前是副词,用在体词(名词、代词)前是动词.例如:
从来没有见过这样的场面.(否定动作或性状的曾经发生或存在,是副词,这样用时是当状语)
没有枪,没有炮,敌人给我们造.(“没有”否定事物的存在或对事物的领有,这时是动词,谓语中心)
没有调查就没有发言权.(前一个“没有”为副词,后一个“没有”为动词)
时间副词和时间名词有时也混淆,要注意区别,它们的相似点是都可做状语,但是副词不能做主语、宾语、定语,而时间名词可以.比如“曾经”、“通常”是副词,“过去”、“往常”是时间名词,尽管都可以充当状语,但时间名词还可以充当主语或宾语.试比较:
他曾经去过北京—他过去去过北京.过去的事情就别提了—曾经的事情就别提了.
你往常/通常不肯吃请,今天怎么一请就应了呢?一今天因为有事,所以比往常(通常)回来晚些.
从来、从前:从来如此——从前如此(今后不能);
从前有个和尚.(主语)从前的事情.(定语).
刚刚、刚才:操场上刚刚发生了一件事——操场上刚才发生了一件事;
这件事发生在刚才.刚才的事情就这样发生了.(前者与介词组合构成介词短语,是名词,做补语.后者做定语)
副词口诀:
副词修饰动与形,范围程度与时间.肯否估计与情态,语气频率用法全.
稍微没有全都偏,简直仅仅只永远,已经曾经就竟然,将要立刻刚偶然,
渐渐终于决忽然,难道连续又再三,也许必须很非常,最太十分更马上,
越极总挺常常再,屡次一定也不还.时名副名看加在,名前可加副不来.
前很后名都不行,单独回答更不能.
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>> 英语特区
英语语法讲解之定语从句
时间:  作者:  来源:学习方法网
  一.几个基本概念
  1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
  2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
  3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
  4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
  ﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as
  ﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why
  5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】
  6.引导词的功能(作用):
  ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
  ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
  7.定语从句的类型:
  ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
  ① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
  The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
  ② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导
  The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
  I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
  =I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
  介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。例如:
  The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
  =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
  The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
  =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
  ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
  ① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
  ② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
  I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
  There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.
  This is the man to whom I gave the book.
  ③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
  人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
  He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
  (比较:He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
  We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.
  (比较:We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)
  除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外,其余引导词都可以,用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
  1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
  2.非限定性定语从句的作用:它只是补充说明先行词的情况,翻译时可译成两个句子。
  The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
  (那位工程师被很快送往医院,其腿部受了重伤)
  The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
  (那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)
  3.在非限定性定语从句中,任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom;
  指物做主语,宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where,也不能省略。
  The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.
  The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.
  The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful.
  He went to America, ______ his parents live.
  He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.
  4.whose引导非限定性定语从句:
  The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
  =The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.
  =The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
  二。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
  1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的主语,不能省略。
  Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?
  2.whom/who/that指人是宾格,在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的宾语(动宾或介宾)。
  ① 当作动宾(动词后接宾语)时,关系代词可省略。
  Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?
  ② 当作介宾(介词后接宾语)时:
  介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;
  介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
  The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.
  The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
  ※注:固定的动词短语(动词+介词)如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开,既介词不能提至引导词前。
  She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
  3.whose: 指人或物,是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语(动宾或介宾)即先行词的什么东西怎样了,whose不能省略。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.
  I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. (主语)
  He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. (动宾)
  The boss in whose company I work is very kind. (介宾)
  4.which/that 指物,指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语(动宾或介宾)。
  ① 当作动宾时,关系代词可省略。
  ② 当作介宾时:
  介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;
  介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
  The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.
  The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.
  The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.
  The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
  ※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom,指物用which)。
  ※5.as指人或物,在定语从句中可作主语,宾语,表语或状语,不能省略。主要用于 “the same …as…;such …as…;so …as…;as … as…;as follows”固定结构中,形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引导定语从句:
  Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.
  Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.
  My hometown is no longer the same as it was.
  Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.
  The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).
  I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.
  He is not such a person as I expected.
  He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
  ※注:which和as可引导非限定性定语从句:可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,有时可以互换。因此,当as/which指代前面的整个句子,或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时,谓语用单数。
  Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the newspaper.
  She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.
  He married her, as/which was natural.
  区别:
  ①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。
  He married her, as/which was natural.
  =As was natural, he married her.
  Mark Twin is a great writer, which/as is known to all.
  =As is known to all, Mark Twin is a great writer.
  ②as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意,而which则无此意。常用句型有:
  as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected, As is known/ said/ reported/ told/ we all know等。如:
  As we all know, paper was first made in China.
  To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.
  ③主句和从句有因果关系时,用which.
  Our class has won the football match, which made us very happy.
  Bamboos are hollow, which makes them very light.
  ④从句含否定意义时常用which.
  She didn’t pass the exam, which we couldn’t expect.
  She didn’t pass the exam, as we expected.
  6.when关系副词:指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语,不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表时间的名词)。
  I still remember the time when I joined the League.
  =I still remember the time on which I joined the League.
  =I still remember the time (which/that) I joined the League on.
  7.where关系副词:指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语,不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表地点的名词)。
  I still remember the school where I joined the League.
  =I still remember the school in which I joined the League.
  =I still remember the school (which/that) I joined the League in.
  ※注:对关系副词when, where的认识。
  ①. 先行词是时间的名词,并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。
  I’ll never forget the time (which/that) I spent in Beijing.
  ②. 先行词是地点的名词,并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。
  This is the factory (which/that) he visited yesterday.
  ③. 当句型为It/This/That is(was) the first(second…last) time引起的句子时用that连接其后的句子。此时的time是次数,不是时间。
  It/This is the first time that we travel.
  It/This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
  8. why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,先行词通常为reason,不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。Why= for which
  I don’t know the reason why he was late yesterday.
  The reason why(for which) he was late is that he missed the bus.
  ※注:当先行词为reason时,关系副词并非都用why.
  This is the reason (that/ which) he gave/ explained to us.
  【判断用关系代词还是关系副词】
  从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。试比较:
  I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.
  ( spent是及物动词,后缺宾语,因此用关系代词或省略 )
  I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.
  ( 从句主谓宾结构完整,缺状语,因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 )
  The reason (that/which)he gave for not coming to school yesterday isn’t believable.
  ( gave是及物动词,后缺宾语,因此用关系代词或省略 )
  The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday isn’t believable.
  ( 从句主谓宾结构完整,缺状语,因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 )
  三。 值得注意的几个问题:
  第一。 当先行词是物时,关系代词(that/which)只用that的情况。
  1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
  This is the best film that has been shown this year.
  This is the first book (that) I borrow from the library.
  ※He is the first student that/who came to school today.
  2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。
  He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited.
  3.当先行词本身是all的,用that.(all that=what)
  All that (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.
  =All (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.
  Go over all that (what) we learned.
  =Go over all (what) we learned.(that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略)
  4.先行词为something, anything, nothing, everything, thing时,用that.
  I’ll tell you anything (that) I know.
  5.当先行词前有all, much, little, many, (a) few, every, some, any, no, only, the very, one of, the only, the last, the next等修饰语时。
  This is one of the books (that) I’m very interesting in.
  ※ This is one of the books in which I’m very interesting.
  This is the only book (that) I read.
  He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.
  All the glasses that were on the table fell off onto the floor.
  6.(人,物),当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时,用that引导以避免混淆。
  Who is the man that is talking with the lady?
  Which of you that know the answer can come to the front?
  7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时,用that.
  He likes the girl that she used to be.
  第二。 当先行词是物时,关系代词(that/which)只用which的情况。
  1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时。
  The room in which he lives is very large.
  2.引导非限定性定语从句时(主,宾都用which,都不能省略).
  Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
  The house, which I visited yesterday, is very large.
  3.which指整个句子的内容或部分内容,引导非限定性定语从句。
  He always makes fun of me, which upsets me.
  第三。其他特殊情况。
  1.先行词是these, those指人时,关系代词只用who.
  Those who are playing over there are my students.
  2.先行词是人称代词(he, she…)时,关系代词只用who.
  He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
  3.不定代词someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody作先行词时,关系代词用who.
  Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.
  4.①先行词是the only one of +可数名词复数,在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语用单数形式(因为此时的先行词是the only one,而不是of 后的可数名词复数).
  He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.
  This is the only one of the books that is borrowed.
  ②先行词是one of +可数名词复数,在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语用复数形式(因为此时的先行词是of 后的可数名词复数,而不是one).
  This is one of the students who are late.
  5.当主句缺先行词时,用the one 代替,但须注意:the one只能代替可数名词单数。如为不可数名词时,指什么用什么。
  Is this school the one I visited yesterday?
  Is pop music the music he likes best?
  6. 当先行词是the way,在定语从句中充当方式状语时(the way表“以…方式/方法”),引导词通常用that或省略,也可用in which.
  I don’t like the way (that) you speak.
  =I don’t like the way in which you speak.
  =I don’t like the way (which/that) you speak in.
  【“介词+关系代词”十种情况】
  在定语从句中,介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下:
  1.介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语,代替相应的关系副词when, where和why.如:I still remember the day on which (when) I first came to school.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。
  The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大工厂。
  This is the reason for which (=why) he was late.这就是他为什么迟到的原因。
  2.介词+which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作地点状语,表示存在关系,定语从句主谓一般要倒置。
  They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.他来到一处农舍,前边坐着一个小男孩。
  I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人,他的头上站着一只鸟。
  3.介词+ which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。如:
  Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat?你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗?
  The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.这人是一位工程师,我是从他那里得到这消息的。
  4.介词+which/whom,用于被动结构的定语从句中,作状语,说明动作的出发者。如:
  The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。
  The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是个好猎手。
  5.不定代词+of+which/whom,在定语从句中作主语,说明整体中的部分,常用的不定代词有:both, all, any, some, each, none, most等。如:
  There are a lot of books here, none of which belongs to me.这儿有许多书,可一本也不属于我。
  Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes, all of which were expensive.昨天玛丽买了一些衣服,他们都很贵。
  6.数词+of+which/whom,在定语从句中作主语,说明整体与部分的关系。数词可以是基数词、序数词、分数或百分数。如:
  In our class there are fifty-four students, twenty-five of whom are girls.我们班有54名学生,25人是女生。
  Two watches were stolen, one of which was mine.两只手表被偷了,其中一只是我的。
  7.名词+of+which代替whose+名词,在定语从句中作定语。如:
  I saw some trees, the leaves of which (=whose leaves) were black with disease.我看见一些树,他们的叶子因害病而发黑。
  I live in a house, the windows of which are all broken.我住在一所房子里,其窗都破了。
  8.介词+ which(指物)/ whose(指人)修饰后边的名词。如:
  It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship was broken into pieces.雨下了一天一夜,就在这期间轮船撞碎了。
  The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司机就是那个人,她从他的房间偷走地图。
  9.形容词最高级+of+which/whom结构,在定语从句中,作定语,表部分关系。如:
  China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万个岛屿,其中最大的是台湾岛。
  In our class there are twenty girls, the cleverest of whom is Li Hua.我们班有20名女生,最聪明的是李华。
  10.介词+which+不定式。此种用法多见于正式文体中,相当于一个定语从句。如:
  At last he had something about which to write home.他终于有了给家里写信的内容了。
  He had no key with which to open the door.他没有开门的钥匙。
  He has a small room in which to live.
  【运用定语从句时应注意的几个问题】
  1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词应和先行词的人称和数保持一致。
  This is one of the books which were written by Mark Twain.这是马克吐温所写的书中的一本。(先行词是books,因此动词应用were.)
  2. 关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当一个句子成分,因此要注意避免从句中句子成分的重复出现。
  This is the most beautiful place that I have visited it.
  This is the most beautiful place that I have visited. 这是我参观过的最美的地方。(去掉it,因that代替先行词the most beautiful place在定语从句中作visit的宾语,再加it就多余了。)
  The school where I worked there is a big one.
  The school where I worked is a big one.我所工作过的学校是一所大学校。(去掉there,因where既引导定语从句,又在从句中代替in the school作状语。)
  3. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不可省略。
  The books were on the table were given to you.
  The books that were on the table were given to you.桌上的那些书是给你的。(关系代词that作主语不能省)
  4. “one of the +复数名词”后的定语从句中谓语动词的单复数情况。
  “one of the +复数名词”时,复数名词是先行词,所以谓语动词常用复数形式。如果“one of the +复数名词”前面有the very /only等修饰语,则谓语动词用单数形式,因为先行词是,而不是复数名词。如:
  He is the only one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班唯一说日语的学生。(the only one是先行词)
  He is one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班里说日语的学生之一。(students是先行词)
  5. 定语从句中who和whom的选用。
  关系代词who/whom引导定语从句时,作主语用主格who,作宾语用宾格whom.在其引导的定语从句带有插入语,而又不用逗号分开时,要用who.
  Mary is a girl who I think is clever.
  在定语从句who I think is clever中, I think是插入语,去掉后Mary is a girl who is clever是一个完整的句子,who是定语从句的主语,不能用whom替换。但下面的句子,情况就不同了:
  Mary is a girl whom I think to be clever.在定语从句whom I think to be clever中,如把I think看作插入语而去掉,则剩下的部分Mary is a girl whom to be clever很明显不是一个完整的句子结构,所以I think不能被看作是插入语,而是定语从句在的主谓结构,whom作think的宾语,to be clever是whom的宾补。
  6. 定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的选择取决于它们在从句中所充当的句子成分。如作主语和宾语用关系代词;作状语,用关系副词。
  I’ll never forget the day when I went abroad myself.(when在从句中代替时间状语on the day,此句可分解为I’ll never forget the day. I went abroad myself on the day.)
  I’ll never forget the days that we spent together.(that代替the days,在从句中作spent的宾语,该句可分解为I’ll never forget the days. We spent the days together.)
  推荐课程:
  (责任编辑:李远航)
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