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学科网手机版.All Rights Reserved如果你有这4个特点，那你可能有强迫症 ｜ 一周心理学如果你有这4个特点，那你可能有强迫症 ｜ 一周心理学沪江英语百家号强迫症这个词现在已经很大众了，很多人都在说。不过似乎大部分人也只是很宽泛地说说，并不清楚它具体是个啥，也不知道怎么去确定它。今天我们就来看看心理学家们是怎么说的吧。先说说强迫症的英文叫什么，它通常被简称为 OCD这是个缩写，表示 obsessive compulsive disorderobsessive是“痴迷的”，compulsive 是“强迫的”。disorder是 order 的反面，表示“失调”。下面就来看看心理学家给出的4个强迫症征兆吧：1.强迫性洗手Compulsive hand-washing or hand sanitizer use is so prevalent in OCD. The urge commonly stems from a fear of germs, but it also can be rooted in fears of making others sick or of being impure or immoral.强迫性洗手和强迫性消毒在强迫症里很常见。这种冲动往往是源于对细菌的恐惧，不过也可能是害怕让别人生病，或者是害怕自己被看成不洁、没道德的人。如果你每次洗完了手都担心没洗干净，那你就得小心了，这很有可能是强迫症。2.过度检查So-called checking behaviors—returning three, four, or even 20 times to make sure the oven is off or the front door is locked—are the most common compulsions associated with OCD.所谓的过度检查，也就是反复查看炉子关没关、门锁没锁，要查上个3次、4次、甚至20次。对一个事情检查两次是很正常的，但如果你查很多次还是不放心，甚至影响了正常生活，那就最好去找一找医生了。3.数数Some people with OCD perform tasks according to a certain numeric pattern or count to themselves as they do everyday things (such as climbing stairs or cleaning).有些强迫症患者觉得做任何事都要遵循数字规律，或者是做任何事的时候都要数数（比如上楼梯或者打扫卫生）。如果你当时数数只是觉得没事干，或者那件事的确需要数数，那倒没关系。但如果你觉得没有办法把数字从脑子里移开，那就有问题了。4.过度整理People with OCD can take organizing to the level of perfectionism. &It has to feel just right, look just right, be symmetrical, be the right number.&强迫症患者把整理提升到了完美主义的程度。“一定得是某种感觉，一定得是某种样子，一定得对称，一定得是某个数量”。如果你整理东西只是因为想整理，那还好；但如果你是觉得自己非得整理，那就是强迫症。OK，来讲讲今天的词 compulsive它表示“强制的”、“强迫的”，它的名词 compulsion表示“强迫”、“强制性”本身。那么，我们来造个句子吧~Compulsive overspending has become very common.强迫性的过度消费已经变得很普遍了。本文仅代表作者观点，不代表百度立场。系作者授权百家号发表，未经许可不得转载。沪江英语百家号最近更新：简介:你和英语牛人之间只差了一个沪江英语！作者最新文章相关文章&双语美文：真正会学习的人，都知道怎么偷懒
双语美文：真正会学习的人，都知道怎么偷懒
日05时05分来源：
如果你看过各种关于学习方法的文章，你很有可能听说过所谓的“一万小时定律”。
If you have read various articles on learning methods, you have probably heard of the so-called “10,000-Hour Rule”.
这是作家格拉德·威尔在《异类》一书中指出的定律。
This is the law that Malcolm Gladwell points out in his book Outliers.
它说的是：要成为某个领域的专家，需要10000小时的刻意练习。
The book indicates that it takes 10,000 hours of deliberate practice for you to become an expert in a certain field.
按比例计算就是：如果每天工作八个小时，一周工作五天，那你至少需要五年。
That means if you practice eight hours a day and five days a week, you need at least five years to master a skill.
这个定律现在已经被广泛接受了。
This law has now been widely accepted.
它也成了不少教育类书籍里经常提及的概念。
It has also become a concept often mentioned in many education books.
不少家长也在以这种方式指导自己的孩子，似乎觉得只要堆够了时间就能有所成就。
Many parents are educating their children in this way. It seems that they feel their children can achieve success if they devote enough time into it.
但这种学习方法真的那么有用吗？
But is this learning method really useful?
似乎并不是。
It seems not.
这个方法最大的问题，就是它会让人产生畏难情绪。
The biggest problem with this method is that it can make people fear of difficulties.
从一开始就心生畏惧的话，之后就很难坚持。
It’s going to be hard to stick to one thing if you fear that you cannot do it from the very beginning.
而还有更多人根本就没有开始。
And there are many people who haven’t taken the first step to practice.
一个无法开始的学习方式，能有多大用处呢？
How can it be helpful if you cannot even start doing it?
而且，练习的时间多就一定更有用吗？
And is spending more time practicing really more helpful?
这一点也是不成立的。
This is also not true.
曾经有个著名的小提琴家说过：如果你练习的是手指，你可以练一整天；但如果你练习的是大脑，你每天能练两个小时就不错了。
A famous violinist once said that if you are practicing fingers, you can practice all day long, but if you are practicing the brain, it’s good of you to practice two hours a day.
这也就是为什么学生回家之后都更愿意抄课文，而不是先写数学作业。
This is why students are more willing to copy texts before solving math problems when they do their homework.
真正高手的练习，每次最多1到1.5小时，每天最多4到5小时。
The practice of real masters is up to 1 to 1.5 hours at a time and 4 to 5 hours a day.
如果你的练习可以持续超长时间，那你就该想想自己的练习方式是不是真的有用了。
If your practice for a longer time, then you should think about whether you practice in the right way.
其实这方面的正反对比也很常见，比如我们的中学时期。
In fact, we can think of a common example, such as our high school period.
每天在学校的时间超过了10个小时，但这些时间中有多少是真正有用的呢？
We spent more than 10 hours in school every day, but how many hours are we really learning?
所以说，我们真正该问的问题并不是“如何才能长时间高效学习”。
Thus the question we really need to ask is not “how to learn effectively for a long time?”
这个本来就是不现实的。
Because it was unrealistic.
真正懂得如何学习的人，都知道怎么偷懒。
People who truly know how to learn know how to save time doing it.
毕竟，学习不正是为了给自己盛事吗？
After all, isn’t learning all about save yourself trouble?
愿意练习是好事，但是千万不要用战术上的勤奋去弥补战略上的懒惰。
It is a good thing to be willing to practice, but do not use tactical diligence to make up for strategic laziness.
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