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你可能喜欢职称英语常用语法详解——虚拟语气
虚拟语气可以粗略地分为两大类：
第一类：should 型虚拟式，第二类：were 型虚拟式
1. should 型虚拟式：should + 原形动词（往往省去should, 特别是在考试时）
这类虚拟式最多用在以下词或句型中：
（1） It is necessary that…的主语从句中，如：
It is necessary that the chief should be present personally at the meeting.（主任有必要亲自参加这次会议。）
只要看到"necessary"，马上要想到这是"should型"虚拟式。
* 记住下面构成"should型"虚拟式的词：
essential （必要的） / important（重要的） / necessary（必要的） / imperative（迫切的）/ impossible（不可能的）/ natural（自然的）/ preferable（更好的）/ advisable（合理的）/ desirable（理想的）/ urgent（紧迫的）/ incredible（难以想象的）
（2） order （命令） / recommend（推荐）/ suggest（建议）/ demand（要求） / command（命令）/ propose（建议）/ require（要求）/ request（请求） / insist（坚持认为）/ urge（主张） / advise（劝告）/ ask（要求）/ prefer（宁愿）/ desire（愿望）/ move（提议）/ vote（提议）由这些词构成的宾语从句，主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或其他有关句型时，都要使用"should型"虚拟式，例如：
It was ordered that the medicines （should） be sent there by plane at once. （主语从句）
The order was that the medicines （should） be sent there by plane at once.（表语从句）
The chief ordered that the medicines （should） be sent there by plane at once.（宾语从句）
The order that the medicines （should） be sent there by plane at once was sent to the branch office.（同位语从句）
（3） 在 in case / lest = for fear that（以免… / 以防…） 结构中，例如：
He took a raincoat with him in case it should rain （或用真实语气：…in case it rained）
She put a wool blanket over the child for fear that （lest） he should catch a cold. （她把一条毛毯盖在孩子身上，以防他感冒。）
可见，此类虚拟语气比较容易接受，考试时只要认准了上面的那些字一般就不难作出准确选择。
就解题而言，考生要注意：1）A的位置往往安排干扰项，如使用must, may, might, could等类词进行干扰；2）句中往往省去should, 直接用否定词not + 原形动词的形式，以"迷惑"考生，例如：
The housemaster（男舍监）was very strict. He asked that we ______ television on week nights.
A. must not watch
B. not watch
C. should not have watched
D. not be watching
该题中的"ask"意为"要求"，故是个"should型"虚拟式，正确答案为B。
（4）在it is surprising, disappointing, a pity, a shame, no wonder, simply a miracle + 从句的结构中，表示惊讶、高兴或遗憾，例如：
It is surprising that she should look so miserable.
真是奇怪，她竟看上去如此不高兴。
It is a great pity that you should miss such a good film.
你要是错过了这样好的电影那真是遗憾。
2. were型虚拟式：
所谓were型虚拟式，就是借用行为动词过去时的某个形式以及be动词的"were"这个形式来表达某种虚拟的语气。
由于were型虚拟式主要用在if非真实条件句中，而且它是其他were型虚拟式句型的基础，所以我们先要搞清楚if非真实条件句。
（1） if 非真实条件句：
条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句：
真实条件句是指真实的或可以实现的条件句，例如：If we work together, we are sure to finish the task in time. （如果我们大家一起努力，就一定能按时完成任务）， 动词使用的是真实的时态和形式。
非真实条件句是指对已经发生过的事情，或对不可能发生或实现的事进行假设，例如："如果当时有医生在，这个孩子就有可能得救了"，显然，这是对已发生的事情的一种假设，该句的英语表达为：If there had been a doctor available, the child might have been saved.
为了便于理解和记忆，下面我们为之加以归纳：
时间：过去
[if条件句] had done / had been
[结果句] would have done / been If there had been a doctor available, the child might have been saved.
[倒装] Had there been a doctor available, the child might have been saved
时间：现在
[if条件句] did / be动词用were
[结果句] would do （be） If I were you, I would accept his offer. （如果我是你的话，我就接受他的提议。）
[倒装] Were I you, I would accept his offer.
If I knew the fact, I would tell you. （我要是知道，我就会告诉你）不可以倒装
时间：将来
[if条件句] should do （be） / were to
[结果句] would do （be） If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. （一旦明天下雨，我们就呆在家里。）
[倒装] Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If he were to come this evening, I would ask him to help solve the problem.
要是他晚上会来，我就请他帮助解决这个问题。
倒装：Were he to come this evening, I would ask him to help solve the problem.
* 这里关键是要掌握好两点：
（A） 虚拟行为或状态发生的时间：过去？现在？还是将来？
（B） 采用了什么相应的动词形式？
【补充说明】
（A） 当 "if "省略后，要采用倒装形式，如举例所示；
（B） 如果所说的条件是永远不可逆转的。如"如果我是你的话"（我永远不可能变为你），即使是对过去的假设，也用"现在"虚拟式表示，例如：
If I were you, I would have taken his advice. （要是换了我，我就采纳他的意见了。）
（C） 结果句中的would 可以根据内容需要，使用might, could或should，例如：If she had known that you were there, she might have come.（要是她知道你在哪儿，她或许会来的。）但是"将来"虚拟式条件句中的should是将来时的"标志词"，不能用would代替，不要搞错了。
（D） 关于含蓄虚拟式：含蓄虚拟式是指虚拟的条件用一种比较含蓄的方式加以表达的虚拟语气，如："我昨天很忙，要不就来参加你的生日派对了".其中的"我很忙"是真实情况，"要不就来参加你的生日派对了"则是虚拟的：I was very busy yesterday, or I would have come to your birthday party.
所以，注意句子中出现的：but, or（否则）, otherwise（否则）, without（要不是）,with（要是有），but that（要不是）, but for（要不是）, if it were not for / 过去：if it had not been for（要不是 ） 等用来引出含蓄虚拟式的词或短语，例如：But for （或without） your cooperation, we would not have completed the experiment so smoothly.（要不是你们的合作，我们不可能那样顺利地完成这个实验。）
（2） were型虚拟式的其他用法 （同样要遵守"过去、现在、将来"的虚拟规则）：
●wish宾语从句：
I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.
真希望他不要把那事搞大了。（过去）
I wish that I were a doctor.
我希望我是个医生就好了。（现在）
* 注：这个句型中也可以用I wish that I was a doctor.
I wish that the rain would stop.
真希望雨能停下来。（将来）
●If only…要是…就好了
If only you hadn't offended him.
你当时不惹他就好了。（过去）
If only I had some money on hand now.
我现在手头有些钱就好了。（现在）
If only he could come tomorrow.
他明天能来有多好啊。（将来）
●It is （about / high） time that….是…的时候了
由于该句型只能用在"现在"时间，所以从句的动词只能是"过去时"形式，例如：
It is high time （that） we began to work.
咱们该开始工作了。
●As if （though）… 似乎…
这个句型可以是陈述语气，也可以是虚拟语气。虚拟语气的时态变化原则与"wish"用法相同，例如：
She loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own.
她象自己孩子一样热爱幼儿园的孩子门。 （现在）
He talked about China as if he had been there.
他谈起中国来好象去过那里。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看来天要下雨（陈述语气）
●Would （had） rather, would just as soon, would sooner, would prefer + 从句结构
这几个句型都表示一种"婉转的责备"，中文常有"还不如…"，"宁可…""倒希望…"等意思，例如：
I'd rather she stayed at home in such a bad health condition.
她身体这么差，我倒希望你呆在家里。（现在）
I would just as soon you had returned him the money yesterday.
你还不如昨天就把钱还给他了。（过去）
I would prefer he didn't stay there too long.
我倒不希望他不要在那儿呆得时间太长。
I would prefer that she act the young lady.
我倒认为她演哪个年轻女子比较合适。（表示建议，用 "should型虚拟式"）
做虚拟语气的题目，归纳起来就是两句话：
一、看清是什么形式的虚拟式，"should型"还是 "were型"？
二、如果是were型虚拟式，看清句中所给的时态："过去"、"现在"、"将来"？
这里的关键是：要对构成虚拟语气的词、词组和句型比较敏感。
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声明：本文由入驻搜狐号的作者撰写，除搜狐官方账号外，观点仅代表作者本人，不代表搜狐立场。
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今日搜狐热点otherwise,but for ,without 虚拟语气里怎么用 结构是什么？_百度知道
otherwise,but for ,without 虚拟语气里怎么用 结构是什么？
would+do；对过去的虚拟：would(not) + have done。比如。假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中,通过介词短语来表示. 使用到这些词组的句子中,the important program would have failed.Without bring in him as the PM(project manager项目经理)of our company，虚拟语气的用法一般是：对现在的虚拟.I should study more hard,otherwise i would have kepet with the most outstanding sutdent in my class in last exam. Your mother would go with you：But for your reasonable advice,i wouldn't have fininshed my paper excellentlywithout, otherwise, but for, but引导的短语或句子有时相当于一个虚拟条件句
.;t know his telephone number：We didn&#39. But for （“要不是., I wouldn’t have achieved so much..; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help、上下文或其它方式来表示, but for)用介词短语(otherwise, or, without。如
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高考虚拟语气用法归纳（含原创单选题）
一·语气概述
和eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气）
②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气）
③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语气）
二·虚拟语气概述
在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。
三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则）
A. 由If引导的两种条件句：
非真实条件句（虚拟语气）
以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法：
假设类型 If从句 主句
与现在事实相反
(be用were)
should/would/
could/might do
与过去事实相反 had done should/would/
could/might have done
与将来事实相反 1)did
2)were to do
3)should do
should/would/
could/might do
eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反）
②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
③If I were to / should do it ,I would do it in different way .如果我做这件事，我将用不同的方法做。（与将来事实相反）
注意:在非正式文体中，如果If 条件句中有助动词were ,should ,had 可将其提于主语之前（位于句首），再把If省掉，即形成部分倒装。
常见的有：①If I were you ... = Were I you ... 如果我是你/我要是你......
②If it were not for ... = Were it not for ...如果要不是......
③If it had not been for ...=Had it not been for ...如果当时要不是......（③主句用:should/could/would/might have done的形式）
错综时间条件句。
有时，条件句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的，这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子被称为“错综时间条件句”。
eg：①If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better . .如果天气更好的话，庄稼就会长得跟好些。（从句指过去，主句指现在）
②If I were you ,I would have taken his advice .我要是你，我就采取了他的建议。（从句指现在，主句指过去）
含蓄虚拟条件句(虚拟形式:情+have done/do)。
有时假设的情况不以条件句的形式表现出了，而是通过一个介词短语或分词或其他方式表现出来，如：but for（若不是），without,under,otherwise,but,or,but that（若不是）等。
当 but(that),or,otherwise+从句 时，用法如下：
①陈述句 +, or/otherwise 从句（虚拟）
+ ,but(that) 从句 （陈述句）
（技巧： 情+have done + ,but(that) 从句（did） ）。
另外：不定式短语或分词也可引导暗含虚拟条件句。
eg：①You would have laughed to see him jump aside .你要是看到他跳到一边的样子会大笑起来的。
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语法专题(十)　虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气用于条件句虚拟语气应用于条件状语从句中，虚拟条件句以及主句谓语动词的构成形式如下表：主句中的should常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可以根据意思用情态动词could，might，从句中的be动词在第一、三人称后有时也有用was的。1．与现在事实相反If I were you，I wouldn't do it.如果我是你，我就不去做这件事。If you hurried，you would catch the bus.你要是赶快，你是会搭上车的。(可你是这样慢吞吞的。)If he were here，everything would be all right.要是他在这儿，一切都没问题了。
这样考过①(2009?天津)This printer is of good quality.If it ________ break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.A．would　　　　　　　　B．shouldC．could&&&& D．might解析：句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。答案：B2．与过去事实相反If you had got up earlier，you would have caught the train.如果你早点儿起来，你就会赶上火车了。If I had been there，I would have helped her.如果我那时在那儿，我就帮助她了。If I hadn't taken your advice，I would have made a big mistake.我要不是听了你的劝告，就会犯大错误。这样考过②(2009?福建质检)―I didn't go to the movie last night because of the rain.―What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I ________&& it.&A．wouldn't have missed&&& &B．wouldn't miss&C．didn't miss&&&&&& &D．hadn't missed解析：由句中what a pity！(真遗憾)知本句考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。其构成为：if条件句(过去完成时)，主句(情态动词＋现在完成时)。综上，选A。答案：A
③(2009?厦门质检)―Why didn't Tom give you one of his paintings?―I didn't want one，but he would have given me one if I& ______.&&& A．did&&&&&& B．would&& && C．will&&&&&& D．had解析：由句意：我是不想要，如果我要是要的话，他就会给我的。由句中的I didn't want one知与过去事实相反。从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done形式。答案：D3．与将来事实相反If it rained tomorrow，we should stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。(最近天气好，下雨的可能性不大。)If he should come，I could have a talk with him.如果他来，我就能跟他谈谈。If I were to do it，I would do it in a different way.要是我来做这件事，我会用另一种方法。这样考过④(2009?湖南长郡中学)If your study plans succeeded，you ________ your marks in the following exam.A．will increase&&& B．have been increasingC．have increased& D．would be increasing答案：D4．省略if的虚拟条件从句如果条件状语从句的谓语动词有were，had或should，可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主语前面，以倒装形式表示虚拟条件。例如：Were I you，I would do the same.如果我是你，我也会这样做。(＝If I were you)Had you come yesterday，you would have met him.如果你昨天来，你就见到他了。(＝If you had come yesterday)Should there be a flood，what should we do？万一发生洪水，我们怎么办？(＝If there should be a flood)Were he to come，I might go with him.他若是来，我就可能跟他去。(＝If he were to come)
这样考过⑤(2008?安徽皖南八校联考)________ it ________ to rain tomorrow，the sports meet would be put off until the same time next week.A．S /&&& B．If; shouldC．W /&&& D．If; was going解析：这是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，当省略if时，句子要倒装，恢复为正常语序是：If it were to rain tomorrow，...答案：C⑥(2006?湖北)________fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A．Would you be&&& B．Should you beC．Could you be&&& D．Might you be解析：根据句意，条件分句是对将来情况的一种不真实的假设，应用：使用半倒装语序但if省去。即should/were/had＋主语＋部分谓语句式。综上所述，故B为正确的选项。句意：如果你被解雇的话，你的医保和其他津贴将不会马上被终止。&&&&&&& 答案：B ⑦(2008?重庆一中)________ I had time，I would have checked my answers again.A．If&&&& B．UnlessC．Had&&& D．When解析：本题考查虚拟语气条件状语从句省略if时的倒装现象。答案：C⑧(2008?江苏兴化)What would have happened，________，as far as the river bank?A．Bob had walked fartherB．if Bob should walked fartherC．had Bob walked fartherD．if Bob walked farther解析：在虚拟语气中，有时如果把条件状语从句中的if省略，可以把助动词had，were或者是should提到句子的前面，形成部分倒装形式。根据前面的谓语形式可知，此题表达的是与过去相反的虚拟语气，在条件句中要用had done形式，或者是if省略，把had放在句子的前面，所以只能选择C项。答案：C
5．错综时间条件句当条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致的时候(如一个发生在过去，一个发生在现在)，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：If he had listened to me，he would not be in trouble now.如果他当时听了我的话，现在就不会遇到麻烦了。If the weather had been more favorable，the crops would be growing still better.如果过去天气好一些，现在庄稼还会长得更好。If he had told me yesterday，I should know what to do now.假如他昨天告诉我了，我现在就会知道该怎么办了。
这样考过⑨(2007?江西九所)If it________too much trouble，I'd love a cup of tea and some cookies.A．wasn't&&&& B．hasn't C．isn't&&&& D．weren't解析：此处if引导的是一个真实条件句。答案：C⑩(2009?南昌调研)If you ________ that film late last night，you wouldn't be so sleepy.A．didn't see&&&& B．haven't seenC．wouldn't have seen&& D．hadn't seen解析：语境为：如果你昨晚没有熬夜看电影，那么(现在)你就不会感到瞌睡了。题干中的时间状语last night暗示从句陈述的是与过去事实相反的情况，因此从句应用过去完成时。答案：D?(2009?长沙调研)It would be impossible for him to leave hospital tomorrow if he________first aid when the accident happened.A．hadn't been given&&& B．wasn't be givenC．shouldn't be given&& D．wouldn't be given解析：由句意“如果事故发生时他没有予以急救”可知这里是对过去发生的事作相反的假设，故应用过去完成式表示，即选A为正确答案。答案：A6．含蓄条件句英语中有些介词短语如without...(没有……)，but for...(要不是……)，in that case 等，可以表示虚拟条件，连词but(但是)，副词otherwise(否则)，并列连词or(否则)也可以表示虚拟条件；表示现在或将来的情况，谓语动词用“would(或其他情态动词)＋动词原形”；表示过去的情况，谓语动词用“would(或其他情况动词)＋have＋过去分词”。例如：But for the storm，we should have arrived earlier.要不是下暴雨，我们早到了。Without my teacher's help，I would have failed.没有我老师的帮助，我当时就会失败的。I was busy，otherwise I& would have gone with you.我当时很忙，不然就跟你一起去了。I would have written to you before，but I was ill.早该给你写信的，但我生病了。这样考过?(2009?湖南师大附中)―How can I thank you?―Don't mention it.Any other man in that case ______ the same thing.A．would have done&& B．could do C．must do&&&& D．should have done解析：据句意：任何人都会这样做。故选A。D“本该这样做而未做”。答案：A?(2009?福建)But for the help of my English teacher，I ________ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A．would not win&& B．would not have wonC．would win&&& D．would have won解析：句意：要没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。本题考查虚拟语气用法，根据句意，可知主句应该使用否定式，而本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B项。答案：B?(2009?东北三校模拟)― Why are you so late?― I got stuck in the traffic jam，or I ________ earlier.A．arrived&&&& B．have arrived& C．would arrive&&& D．would have arrived解析：由句意“or I ________earlier.”知未曾实现的愿望，故选D。答案：D?(2009?南京调研)I can't thank you ________ much because without your help I ________ have won the first prize.A． wouldn't&&&& B． shouldn't C． might not& D． couldn't 解析：由句意：我真不知该怎样感谢你，因为若不是你帮助我，我是得不了一等奖的。can't...too...意为“……也不过分”。故选A。答案：A?(2009?吉安期末)I paid no interest at school and I was always chasing birds and butterflies by the river！Otherwise，I&& ________ in a more comfortable office now.A．would sit&&&&&& B．would have sat C．would be sitting&&&& D．was sitting解析：由句中的时间状语now，知是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故选C。答案：C
二、虚拟语气用于其他从句虚拟语气除了用于条件句中表示假设情况以外，它还可以用于其他从句中，表示要求、命令、愿望、劝告、惊奇、怀疑等意义。1．suggest 等＋从句(1)在suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，recommend(建议，劝告)，propose(建议)，demand(要求)，request(请求)，require(要求)，order(命令)，command(命令)，insist(坚持)，desire(欲望)等动词后的宾语从句中要求用“should＋动词原形”或只用动词原形。例如：He suggested that we(should)save some money for the future.他建议我们为将来攒点儿钱。I propose that we(should)set a deadline for handing in the plans.我建议我们订出一个交计划的期限。The policeman ordered that the old man(should)be sent to the hospital.警察命令把那个老人送往医院。I insist we(should)leave tomorrow.我坚持我们明天动身。
这样考过?(2009?浙江)The doctor recommended that you ________ swim after eating a large meal.A．wouldn't&&& B．couldn'tC．needn't&&& D．shouldn't解析：句意：医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。recommend后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)＋do”，故选D。答案：D?(2008?宁夏中卫模拟)John's pale face suggested that he ________ ill，and his parents suggested that he ________ a medical examination.A． should have&&& B． haveC． had&&& D． has解析：suggest“暗示；建议”，当用作“暗示”之意时，从句中用陈述语气；用作“建议”之意时，从句中用虚拟语气，即：suggest that sb.(should)do sth.。这句话的意思是：约翰苍白的脸暗示他病了，他父母建议他进行一次体检。答案：B
?(2008?山东滨州质检)Regulations require ________ needs special diets ________ the cooking manager in advance.A． informs&&& B． informedC． inform&& D． inform解析：require，order，suggest，advise等表示“命令；建议；要求”的动词，其后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用“(should＋)动词原形”的形式，故排除A、B两项。require的宾语是一个复合句，主语是由whoever引导的从句充当的，whoever在这个主语从句中作主语，所以C项错误。这句话的意思是：规章要求任何需要专门饮食的人提前通知烹饪部经理。答案：D
?(2008?全国大联考)My daughter insists ________ in this school.A．that she would not study&&&&& B．studying notC．that she not study&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D．not to study解析：在表示“建议、要求、命令”等词的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的动词有：suggest(建议)，advise，propose，command，request，insist(坚决要求)，recommend等。本题也可用on not studying。答案：C(2)“It is＋过去分词＋that引导的主语从句”中that从句的谓语动词可用“should＋动词原形”或只用动词原形，这里的过去分词就是表示建议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如：suggested，desired，requested，ordered，proposed，advised，demanded等。例如：It is ordered that he(should)be sent there at once.有命令马上派他到那里去。It is suggested that the meeting(should)be held next week.有人建议下周开会。It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚准备好。这样考过(2009?镇江调研)It is required that more attention& ________ the working conditions of the workers in our country.&A．should be paid to keep&& &B．be paid to having kept&C．should be paid to have improved& &D．be paid to improving解析：It is required that sb.(should)do sth.或sth.(should)be done为固定结构，意为“要求某人做某事或某事应该被做”。pay attention to(doing)sth.“注意(做)某事”为固定搭配，to为介词。综上选D。答案：D
(2008?江苏黄桥综合)It was recommended that passengers ________ smoke during the flight.A．not&&&&& B．need notC．could not&&& D．would not解析：recommend作“推荐”之意时用陈述语气；作“建议”之意时，其后的宾语从句或It is recommended that...句式中要用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。这句话的意思是：建议乘客在飞机飞行期间不要吸烟。答案：A(3)当上述表示建议、要求、命令等的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句和同位语从句也用虚拟语气，用“should＋动词原形”或只用动词原形。如suggestion，advice，proposal，request，demand，requirement，order，idea等。例如：He made a suggestion that the meeting(should)be held next week.他建议下周开会。The orders were that we(should)stay where we were.命令是我们仍留在原处。这样考过(2007?重庆检测)Some of the members made a suggestion that a meeting________to solve all the problems we had in the experiment.A．should hold&& B．must be heldC．be held&&& D．should have been held解析：句意为：有一些成员提出建议，应举行一个会议来解决我们在实验中遇到的所有问题。考查了名词suggestion的同位语从句，在动词suggest(建议)名词suggestion的同位语从句、表语从句中都用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”，会议与举行是被动关系，所以选择C项。答案：C
(4)在主语从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、怀疑、不满、理应如此等时，也用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，用于以下两种结构。①It's necessary/important/surprising/natural/strange/incredible(难以置信的)．..that...(用于这种句型的形容词不是很多，同学们掌握这几个就够了。)②It's a pity/a shame/no wonder that...例如：It is important that we should learn from others.我们应该向别人学习，这是很重要的。It's strange that he should have missed the train.他竟然没赶上火车，真是怪事。It's a pity that he should not go with us.真遗憾，他竟然不同我们一起去。
可能这样考It's necessary that some measures________to stop pollution.A．be taken&&& B．are takenC．should take&& D．must be taken解析：常见句型为：It's necessary(important，strange，etc.)．..that...在that从句中的谓语动词形式为“(should)＋动词原形”。答案：A2．wish 后的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“could/would/might＋动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”或“could/would/might＋have＋过去分词”。例如：I wish I were/was as strong as you.我希望像你一样健壮。(与现在事实相反)I wish he could go with us tomorrow.但愿明天他能同我们一起去。(与将来事实相反)I wish I had never met him.我希望我从未遇见他。(与过去事实相反)这样考过(2009?潍坊模拟)How I wish I ________ my mouth before I shouted at my mum!A．shut&&& B．have shutC．had shut&&& D．would shut解析：在wish引导的从句中，对过去的假设用过去完成时。答案：C(2008?江苏四市联考)―Did you attend Tom's birthday party at the Grand Hotel?―I wish I ________.But I ________ an English lecture in the school hall.A． gave&&& B． have givenC． had given&& D． was giving解析：wish宾语从句要用虚拟语气。表示现在不能实现的愿望：wish＋that＋主语＋were/did；表示过去没有实现的愿望；wish＋that＋主语＋had done。这句话的意思是：“你参加了汤姆在大酒店举行的生日聚会了吗？”“我多希望我去了。但我当时在学校礼堂里作英语报告。”从答语中第二句对事实的描述所用的时态判断，表示的是与过去事实相反的假设。因此答案为D项。答案：D
3．would rather 后的宾语从句虚拟语气用在would rather，had rather，would as soon，would sooner之后的宾语从句中，表示“希望，宁愿”，表示现在或将来的情况，谓语动词用过去时；表示过去的情况，谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：I'd rather you didn't do it.我宁愿你不去做这件事。I'd rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。I had rather you hadn't told her the news.你要是没把那个消息告诉她就好了。这样考过(2009?青岛检测)―My uncle suggests I ________ abroad.―I would rather you ________ at home.A． stay&&& B． stayedC． stayed&&& D． stay解析：考查虚拟语气。第一句中suggest表示“建议”，后接从句时用虚拟语气(should)do，所以选择go；第二句中考查句式“would rather that sb.did sth.”表示虚拟语气的用法，所以选择stayed。答案：C
(2008?哈尔滨九中)―Who would you rather ________ outing for the picnic on Saturday afternoon with you？Have you decided yet?―If Jane is free，I'd like to go with her.A．went&&& B．goC．to go&&& D．have gone解析：would rather后接句子，是虚拟语气的一种表达，该句谓语动词用一般过去式。答案：A4．It is(high)time(that)．..之后的宾语从句虚拟语气用在it is(high或about)time＋(that)的句型中，宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去时，有时也可以用“should＋动词原形(should不能省略)”，意为“(早)该……”。例如：It's time you went to bed.你该睡觉了。It's high time that we went/should go home.该是我们回家的时候了。这样考过(2009?景德镇模拟)―What courses are you going to take next semester if you want to receive enough credits to get your degree?―I don't know.But it's about time ________ on something.A．I'd decide&&&&& B．I decided& C．I decide&&&&& D．I'm deciding解析：由句型It is about time I did sth.或I should do sth.(我该干某事了)知选B。答案：B
(2008?宁夏中卫模拟)It's already 6 o'clock now.Don't you think it's time ________？A．we are going home&& B．we go homeC．we went home&&& D．we can go home解析：It's time sb.did sth.这是两个固定的虚拟语气句型。这句话的意思是：现在已经六点了。难道你不认为到了我们回家的时间了吗？答案：C5．as if/though，even if/though引导的状语从句as if/though(似乎、好像、仿佛)，even if(though)(即使，就算)引导的表语从句或方式状语从句要用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)，表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”，表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might ＋动词原形”。例如：She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter.她对待凯特就像对待亲生女儿一般。(与现在事实相反)They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们说话很亲热，就像多年的老朋友似的。(与过去事实相反)Even if/Even though he were here，he wouldn't be able to help you.即使他在这里，也不能帮助你。(与现在事实相反)Nothing could have saved your father even if/even though the doctor had arrived in time.即使医生及时到来，也未必救得了你父亲。(与过去事实相反)as if/though引导的从句与事实相反，用虚拟语气，但有时与事实相近、相符，此时不用虚拟语气。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.看来要下雨了。(真的要下雨)
这样考过(2008?山东威海质检)You understand not only what the rule says but what it means，as if you yourself ________ it.A．make&&&&& B．madeC．have made&&&& D．had made解析：as if/as though引导的状语从句有时用虚拟语气，表明与事实相反的情况。as if从句的谓语动词用were/did，表示与现在事实相反；用had done，表示与过去事实相反。这句话的意思是：你不但理解规则所说的内容，而且理解它的含义，好像是你亲自制定的。由句意可知，规则已经制定出来，所以是表示与过去事实相反的假设。故答案为D项。答案：D
6．用于 if only 开头的句子中在if only引起的表示愿望的感叹句中要用虚拟语气(和 wish 后宾语从句谓语动词的形式一样)，意为“但愿”“要是……就好了”。例如：If only I were ten years younger.我要是年轻10岁就好了。If only I had listened to her advice.我要是听了她的建议多好。Oh，if only he would come！要是他能来就好了！If only that photograph weren't missing.那张相片要是没丢该多好啊！这样考过(2009?东北三校联考)―Why do you look so upset?―I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I ________ more about her.A．care&&& B．caredC．had cared&&& D．had been cared解析：考查虚拟语气。If only表示“要是……就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去的事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done的形式。因此，C项正确。答案：C
单项填空1．―Were you in time for the lecture?―If I________told earlier，I would have.A．had been 　　　　　　　 B．was C．were to be&&&&&&&&& D．should be答案与解析：A　本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，根据此题的逻辑关系，应该用过去完成时的被动语态。2．If I________plan to do anything I wanted to，I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.&A．would&&&&&&&&&&&& B．could &C．had to&&&&&&& D．ought to答案与解析：B　根据句意和时态可知，此句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，因此此处应用can的过去式could。can在此处的意义为“可能，能够”。3．But for your help，we________such a good chance.A．couldn't have got&&&&&&&&& B．couldn't getC．can't get&&&&&&&& D．can't have答案与解析：A　此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，But for your help相当于“If we hadn't got your help”，因此后面的主句要用情态动词＋have done。4．He insisted that his suggestion________right and we________the plan into practice as soon as possible.A． put&&&& B． must putC． should put&& D． put答案与解析：A　前面“坚持说”自己的建议是对的，故不用虚拟语气，后面表示他“要求”我们把计划付诸实践，故需用虚拟语气，should可省略。5．His suggestion is that the harvest________in before the rainy season comes.&A．be got&&&&&&&& B．get && C．should get&&&&&&&&&& D．got答案与解析：A　suggestion作主语，后面that引导表语从句，故应用should＋do。但表语从句的主语harvest是动作的承受者，因此应用被动语态，此处省略了should。6．It's useless envying others their success.It's time you ________hard.&A．must work&&&& B．were to work && C．work&&&&&&&& D．worked答案与解析：D　此处表示对将来的建议，故要用动词的过去式或should＋do。7．―Don't you think it necessary that he________to Miami but to New York?―I agree，but the problem is________he has refused to.A． thatB． thatC． whatD． what答案与解析：B　问句是it's necessary that...句式，故should可省略，根据逻辑关系，此处应用被动语态；答句考查表语从句的引导词，引导词本身无意义，也不作成分，故只能用that。
8．How nice it________if I________a sister like you!A． had&& B． had hadC． had& D． had答案与解析：D　根据语境判断，“我”希望有一个像对方一样的妹妹，但事实上没有。因此本题考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would＋do，从句用动词的过去式。9．Jim would rather we ________ now，but we must go to work.A．not leave&&& B．had not leftC．didn't leave&& D．not to be left答案与解析：C　本题考查would rather中虚拟语气的使用。其后从句中谓语动词要用过去式。10．―I have succeeded in solving this problem.―________my advice，you ________ a great deal of difficulty with it.A．If you hadn' would have hadB．If you didn' would have C．Hadn' would haveD．If you didn' will have had
答案与解析：A　考查虚拟语气的用法。从题干中的第一句话(have succeeded...)可以判断，下文是对过去发生事情的虚拟，所以从句应用过去完成时，即用“if＋主语＋had＋过去分词”结构，也可以把had提前，省略if。主句虚拟过去的情况，用would have done。11．Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise，she________something she would regret later.A．had said&&&&&&&&& B．saidC．might say&&&&&&&& D．might have said答案与解析：D　依据前句句意，可知讲述的是对过去事实相反的内容。otherwise暗含了一种条件，等于if Jane hadn't walked away from the discussion。12．Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat，the earth at night ________，too cold for us to live.A．would be freezing coldB．will be freezing coldlyC．would be frozen coldD．can freeze coldly答案与解析：A　without表示的是与现在情况相反的假设，等于If there were not the air...。freezing cold为固定用法，表示“极冷”。13．Suddenly came an order that the enemy's defence works________.A．be destroyed&&&&&&&&& B．should destroyC．would be destroyed&&&& D．would destroy答案与解析：A　在order的同位语从句中也需用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”或直接用动词原形。同时此句中又表示被动含义。14．If only we________the summer vacation together last year!A．would spend&&&&&&&&&& B．would have spentC．have spent&&&&&&&&&&&&& D．had spent答案与解析：D　if only＝I wish(但愿)，表达说话人的强烈愿望。谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望，常译为“要是……就好了”。15．I didn't know your mobile phone number；otherwise I ________ you the second I got to Changsha.A．had rung&&&&&& B．would ringC．should have rung&&&&&& D．would have rung答案与解析：D　本题考查虚拟语气在条件句中的运用。otherwise相当于说：“If I had known your mobile phone number，I...”，当对过去情况进行虚拟时，主句要用would have done结构。16．Were they still in Shanghai，Mr White________them.A．might see&&& B．might have seenC．may have seen&& D．would have seen答案与解析：A　were they still in Shanghai＝if they were still in Shanghai，由此可知，是对现在情况的假设。17．―Would you come and join them?―I wish I________.But I am busy at this moment.A．can't&&&&&&& B．couldn't C．could&&&&&&&&&& D．can答案与解析：C　答案could后省略了join them。18．It's a pity that he ________ so careless.A．was&&&& B．will beC．should be&&& D．can be答案与解析：C　It is a pity/a shame/no wonder/...＋that从句，表示惊讶、喜悦、惋惜、遗憾等语气，主语从句中的谓语动词用(should)＋动词原形的形式。
19．―Sally ________ to come swimming with us.―What a shame she had to take a test!A．would love&&& B．would have lovedC．should love&& D．should have loved答案与解析：B　would love“愿意……”；would have loved“本愿意……”；should love“愿意……”；should have loved“本应该愿意而事实上并不愿意”。由“What a shame she had to take a test”中的时态可知，Sally当时要参加考试。所以是本来愿意去游泳而事实上并未能去，与过去事实相反。句意：――Sally本来愿意跟我们来游泳的。――太遗憾了，她当时不得不参加考试。20．We are all for your proposal that the discussion ________.A．be put off&&& B．was put offC．should put off&& D．is to put off答案与解析：A　在advice，demand，order，request，suggestion，proposal，requirment，recommendation等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用should＋动词原形”。
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