Rapid Word Learning by Fifteen-Month-Olds under Tightly Controlled Conditions - Schafer - 1998 - Child Development - Wiley Online Library
Infants (12 to 17 months) were taught 2 novel words for 2 images of novel objects, by pairing isolated auditory labels with to-be-associated images. Comprehension was tested using a preferential looking task in which the infant was presented with both images together with an isolated auditory label. The auditory label usually, but not always, matched one of the images. Infants looked preferentially at images that matched the auditory stimulus. The experiment controlled within-subjects for both side bias and preference for previously named items. Infants showed learning after 12 presentations of the new words. Evidence is presented that, in certain circumstances, the duration of longest look at a target may be a more robust measure of target preference than overall looking time. The experiment provides support for previous demonstrations of rapid word learning by pre-vocabulary spurt children, and offers some methodological improvements to the preferential looking task.UPDATE 5-Oil falls to three-month lows under $115 - tribunedigital-chicagotribune
|Reuters * OPEC pumping 2.3 mln bpd above its target -Badri * World powers urge Iran to give more nuclear access * Coming Up: U.S. non-farm payrolls, A 1230 GMT (Recasts, adds quote para 7-8, updates prices) By Zaida Espana LONDON, May 4 (Reuters) - Oil fell to three-month lows ofunder $115 per barrel on Friday ahead of a U.S. payrolls reportand was set for its steepest weekly fall since December due toconcerns over the health of the global economy and easing fearsover supply disruption. The jobs data will help investors gauge the outlook fordemand growth in the world's biggest oil consumer amid renewedworries its recovery may be faltering. Businesses outside thefarm sector are expected to have added 170,000 jobs last month,according to a Reuters survey. By 1144 GMT, Brent crude oil futures lost $1.10 to$114.98 a barrel, lows not seen since early February this year. U.S. crude fell by $1.49 to $101.05, levels not seensince mid-April. "Many funds are still on the long side of crude oil, but theglobal economic recovery remains something a bit elusive," saidOlivier Jakob from Zug-headquartered consultants Petromatrix. Analysts are seeing increasing downside risks to prices. NicBrown, Natixis head of commodities research, said the bank'smodels indicate fair value for Brent at $110 a barrel. "Anything north of $120 contained a large amount ofpolitical premium as the negotiations between Iran and the Westappeared to make some progress, and clearly some of the premiumhas been taken out," Brown said. "The very tight supply picturefrom earlier in the year has also eased a little." Oil and commodities plunged across the board on Thursday asslower-than-expected growth in the U.S. services sector sparkeda wave of selling and prices crashed through technical supportlevels. Brent has so far fallen by more than 4 percent this week,its steepest slide since the week ended Dec. 18, while U.S. oilhas lost more than 2.7 percent, its biggest weekly decline in amonth. "There is a lack of directional conviction in terms of theabsence of strong fundamentals or economics news, so you'relooking at the market coming off the highs of the Februaryrally," BNP Paribas head of commodities strategy HarryTchilinguirian said. "CFTC (Commodity Futures Trading Commission) data over thelast couple of weeks has seen investors cutting back on exposureto futures, so with less support in terms of commitment and alow volatility environment, people are taking profits on oil." Oil prices also came under pressure after industry dataprovider Genscape reported that crude inventories at theCushing, Oklahoma, delivery point for U.S. futures hit a freshrecord high on May 1. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries isworking hard to bring down prices that jumped towards $130 abarrel earlier this year, its secretary general said onThursday, and is pumping much more than its official target evenas exports from member country Iran dwindle. "We are seeing a slightly easing situation as far as thesupply-demand balance is concerned against the backdrop of theglobal economic growth and OPEC production levels," said RicSpooner, chief market analyst at CMC Markets. "There is adownside bias to oil prices." IRAN Defiant statements from Iran on Friday failed to providesupport for prices, even though an envoy said the country wouldnever suspend its uranium enrichment programme and saw no reasonto close the Fordow underground site. "When you have a safe place, secure place under IAEAcontrol, then why do you tell me that I should close it?" Iran'sambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency, Ali AsgharSoltanieh, told Reuters. "Fordow is a safe place. We have spent a lot of money andtime to have a safe place," Soltanieh added. Iran and major powers resumed talks in mid-April in Istanbulafter a gap of more than a year. Investors viewed the resumptionas a chance to ease escalating tension and help to avert thethreat of a new Middle East war. They are to meet again on May23 in Baghdad. The five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council saidthey expected talks with Tehran to lead to concrete steps towarda negotiated solution. Brent has gained 8 percent this year, touching a high ofover $128 in March, on concerns that the tensions with overIran's disputed nuclear programme would disrupt supplies fromthe Middle East. (Additional reporting by Manash Goswami in S Editingby Alison Birrane and Jane Baird)Relatives bury the body of a two-month-old girl, killed during fighting in Mosul, Iraq, on February 23
Cengiz Yar
Hazem Meshal walked out into the desert carrying his niece in one hand and a shovel in the other. Selecting a site near the rubble of a destroyed building he lay her down – a tiny mummy swaddled tight in a makeshift funeral shroud – and looked to the sun to determine the direction of the grave. Then he began to dig. A small hole, two feet long and a foot wide.
He was soon joined by a brother, Qassem, who hacked at the earth with a pick to loosen the stones. The father of the girl, Mohamed, stayed with forty other men squatting in the shade of a wall under the watchful guard of Iraqi counter-terrorism officers, too grief-stricken to bury his two-month-old girl. Artillery boomed on the horizon....
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