仰望远方：郭士晴高中英语工作室
当前位置：当前位置：&&
事实细节理解题
上传: fanghongmei &&&&更新时间： 21:09:51
&事实细节理解题
阅读理解题
阅读理解题是考查考生语言能力的重点&&考试大纲》指出:&要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文章的具体信息；作出简短判断和推理；理解文章的基本逻辑结构；理解作者的意图和态度。&这一能力要求常常通过概括、推理引申题来考查。深入分析高考试卷可知阅读理解题有如下特点:
1、题材丰富，题材广泛。选文涉及记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文，考查最多的是说明文，尤其是国外的新科技、新发明，涉及社会、文化、经济、科普、新闻、和广告等多种题材，时代感强，特别关注当今的热点话题，如教育、环境、道德、情感、科学发现
一、&戴着面纱&的&事实&型细节理解题
特点：所谓细节理解题，是指文章提到了与某个题相关的时间、地点、人物或事件。细节理解题一般包括直接理解和语意转化题，所以破解&事实&型细节理解题就像是在揭开一层面纱。抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类题型试题的基础。
方法：采用寻读法，即先带着问题快速阅读文章，然后找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
技巧：在题干中寻找线索词，并注意题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词。注意线索词在文章中的位置，并标出实词的出处，为快速、准确地选择答案打下基础。下面这些线索词能够反映句子间的逻辑关系。如：
&①表因果关系：如because, since, as a result, result in
②表时间关系：如after, first, next, later, meantime
③表方位关系：如above, below, behind, in front of
④表转折或相对关系：如but, on the contrary, on the other hand
⑤表递进关系：如furthermore, what&s more,even
⑥表例证关系：如for instance, for example, such as
1、直接信息理解题
【高考真题】（2009全国卷1，b篇)
computer programmer david jones earns $35,000 a year designing new computer games, yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card. instead, he has been told to wait another two years, until he is 18.the 16-year-old works for a small form in liverpool, where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job. david&s firm release two new games for the fast growing computer market each month.
but david&s biggest headache is what to do with his money. even though he earns a lot, he cannot drive a car, take out a mortgage(抵押贷款），or get credit cards. david got his job with the liverpool-based company four months ago, a year after leaving school with six o- levels and working for a time in a computer shop.&i got the job because the people who run the firm knew i had already written some programs,&he said. david spends some of his money on records and clothes, and gives his mother 50 dollars a week. but most of his spare time is spent working.
&unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school ,& he said, &but i had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time . i knew what i wanted to do and never considered staying on at school. most people in this business are fairly young, anyway.& david added:&i would like to earn a million and i suppose early retirement is a possibility. you never know when the market might disappear.& &&
(&& ) 60. in what way is david different from people of his age?
a. he often goes out with friends.
b. he lives with his mother.
c. he has a handsome income.
d. he graduated with six o-levels.
(&&& )61. what was david able to get the job in the company?
he is too young to get a credit card.
he has no time to learn driving.
he has very little spare time.
he will soon lose his job.
（& ）62. why was david able to get the job in the company?
a. he had done well in all his exams.
b. he had written some computer programs.
c. he was good at playing computer games.
d. he had learnt to use computers at school.
63.why did david decide to leave school and start working?
a. he received lots of job offers.
b. he was eager to help his mother.
c. he lost interest in school studies.
d. he wanted to earn his own living.
2.调换词句理解题
这种题干是把反映原文信息的某些词、句（如人物、时间、地点、国籍以及其他词语等）作了更换，用另外的词、句在题干上表达出来。考生在答这类题时，一定要警惕题干上被更换的词、句，仔细比较它们与原文中某些词、句的意义联系，从这种对比中找出最佳答案。阅读中可使用回读法、扫读法、跳读法等阅读方法。
【高考真题】（2009全国卷2，b篇）
single women in their 20s and 30s did the least housework, about 12 weekly hours, while married women in their 60s and 70s did the most &about 21 hours a week.
men showed a somewhat different pattern, with older men picking up the broom more often than younger men. single men worked the hardest around the house ,more than that of all other age groups of married men.
（　）47.what kind of man is doing most housework according to the text?
a.an unmarried man.
b.an older married man.
c.a younger married man.
d.a married man with children.
as they migrate(迁移), butterflies and moths choose the winds they want to fly with, and they change their body positions if they start floating in the wrong direction. this new finding suggests that insects may employ some of the same methods that birds use for traveling long distances. scientists have long thought that insects were simply at the mercy of the wind.
fascinating as their skills of flight are, migrating behavior has been difficult to study in insects because many long distant trips happen thousands of feet above ground. only recently have scientists developed technologies that can detect such little creatures at such great heights.
to their surprise, though, the insects weren&t passive travelers on the winds. in autumn, for example, most light winds blew from the east, but the insects somehow sought out ones that carried them south and they positioned themselves to navigate directly to their wintering homes.
even in the spring, when most winds flowed northward, the insects didn&t always go with the flow. if breezes weren&t blowing in the exact direction they wanted to go, the insects changed their body positions to compensate. many migrating birds do the same thing.
the study also found, butterflies and moths actively flew within the air streams that pushed them along. by adding flight speeds to wind speeds, the scientists calculated that butterflies and moths can travel as fast as 100 kilometers an hour. the findings may have real-world applications. with climate warming, migrating insects are growing in number. knowing how and when these pests move could help when farmers decide when to spray their crops.
71. what&s the main idea of the text?
& a. windsurfing insects have real direction.
& b. wind helps insects greatly in migrating.
& c. insects migrate with the seasons.
& d. scientists have trouble in observing insects.
72. scientists originally thought that &&&&&&&&.
& a. insects were just blown about by the wind
& b. insects chose the winds they wanted to ride
& c. insects always waited for their favorable winds
& d. insects positioned themselves in the winds
73. it is not easy to study the migrating behavior of the insects because &&&&&&&&&.
& a. the little creatures can fly very fast
& b. their flight is long and high above ground
& c. the wind&s direction is hard to foresee
& d. they have no regular migrating courses
74. we can learn from the text that &&&&&&&&&.
& a. insects never position themselves when flying low
& b. insects travel more easily in autumn
& c. insects fly in the way birds do
& d. insects rest a lot when the wind pushes them along
细节理解题干扰项特点
1.是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；
2.符合常识，但不是文章内容；
3.与原文的内容及其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；
4.在意思上与原文大相径庭，甚至完全相反；
5.部分正确，部分错误。
二、&枯燥无味&的数字型细节理解题
该题型通常是由数字信息构成的细节理解类试题。有些考生往往不能正确理解数字之间的联系，从而作出错误选择。
【例证】3.if mr. smith and mrs. smith drive to arizona celebration of
lights with their son aged 5,most probably how much will they pay for the visit at least?
a.$34.&&&&&& b.$36.&&&&& c.28.&&&&&& d.$26.
数字型细节理解题是高考阅读理解题中的一种重要题型，题目所涉及的信息通常是时间的长短、年龄的大小、数量的多少等。数字型细节理解题往往需要进行简单的运算才能完成试题所给的任务。这种通过运算才能选出正确答案的题目，通常是原文中的两个或两个以上的数字信息发生运算关系；这些数字信息有的在原文中的位置相对集中，但很多时候它们的位置比较分散，考生要注意这些数字信息之间的紧密联系，以便选出正确答案。
zoo lights&&
6 pm-10 pm thursdays, through wednesdays ,through jan.7.the phonix zoo&s& 15th-annual holiday light festival feature more than 2 million lights and light displays throughout the zoo, as well as a new arctic exhibit and jengo, the talking giraffe.phoenixzoo,455n.galvin parkway, phoenix.$7 ahead of time,$8 at gate.(602)273-1341.www.phoenixzoo.org.
cowboy christmas
5 pm-9 pm tuesdays,5pm-10pm fridays and saturdays,5 pm-9pm
sundays through wednesdays, through jan.1.rawhide,s main street
will be lit with 150 000 lights, including a 100-foot tall &tree of lights&
and a nightly lighting ceremony. rawhide at wild horsepass,5700
& &arizona celebration of lights
6 pm-9 pm tuesdays,6 pm-10 pm fridays and saturdays,6 pm-9pm
sundays through wednesdays, through jan.1.a 2-mile drive featuring 300
light displays with more than 5 million lights. community church of& joy,
21000n.75th ave.,glendale.$12 per car, $8 per adult, free for kids aged 4
and younger,$2 discount with canned food or toy donnations.(623)561-0500.
gelendale glitters quiet n ights
6 pm-10 pm thursdays, through wednesdays, through jan.6. a display featuring 1.4 million& lights decorates downtown glendale. it also features an animated musical light show in the north part of town. the center of the display is at murphy park,5850w. glendale ave., glendale .free. .(623)930-2820.
valley of lights
6 pm-12pm thursdays, through wednesdays, through dec.30.a one-mile drive through exhibits featuring more than 100 000 lights and animated displays. donations accepted. fain park, 2200n. fifth st., prescott valley. free. 1-(928)-759-3090. www.pvchamber.org.
（　）2.which of the following websites can offer you further information about the 100-foot tall &tree of lights&?
a. .&&&&&&&& &&&&&& b. .&&&&
c. .&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. www.phoenixzoo.org.
（　）3.if mr. smith and mrs. smith drive to arizona celebration of& lights with their son aged 5,most probably how much will they pay for the visit at least?
a.$34.&&&&&& b. $36.&&&&& &&&& c.28.&&&&&& &&&& d.$26.
（　）4. according to the text, which of the following offer animated displays?
a. zoo lights& and cowboy christmas.&&
b. valley of lights and cowboy christmas.&&
c. zoo lights& and arizona celebration of lights.
d. valley of lights and gelendale glitters quiet nights
英语广告必须富有感情色彩和感染力，并力求简洁、生动和形象。从句式上看，英语广告中，各种句式往往交替使用。1、常用陈述句；2、多用简单句；3、少用疑问句；4、巧用祈使句。
英语广告中一般会出现一些联系方式，常见的有telephone, fax, e-mail, address等。特别注意以400与800开头的电话号码：800是被叫集中付费业务，也就是说主叫方是完全免费的；400是主被叫分摊付费业务，主叫分摊市话费，被叫分摊长途话费、信息费。
三、&真伪难辨&的是非型细节理解题
【例证】3.which of the following is not true about the films based on children&s books?
a. adults seem not to like them all.
b. they bring in a lot of money.
c. they are very popular with children.
d. they are shown around the world.
是非型细节理解题的四个选项 1. &一正三误&. 2. &一误三正&.
是非型细节题选项的三种情况：
四个选项中的信息集中在一两个句中。
四个选项中的信息集中在一段里。
四个选项中的信息分散在全文。
children&s books or children&s literature is very hard to define and categorise, because there is no set genre for children to enjoy. all in all they can be categorised into six major classes, namely early childhood picture books, traditional literature, fiction, non-fiction, biography and poetry.
children have unique taste and interest. although harry potter may be all-time favorite book for children all over the globe, they prefer funny books to fairy tales when it comes to bedtime. the top three favourite books in bedtime stories are the gruffalo by julia donaldson and axel scheffler, the very hungry caterpillar by eric carle and
bfg by roald dahl.
there are many writers who popularized the children&s literature or children&s books through their brilliant works. john amos comenius is the author of orbis pictus which is considered to be the first picture book specifically for children. charles perrault is believed to be the one who laid the foundations of fairy tales. perrault&s stories include little red riding hood, cinderella, sleeping beauty and so on. hans christian anderson is best known for his fairy tales, such as the snow queen, the little mermaid and the emperor&s new clothes.
many children&s books have been made into feature films and are equally successful in this medium, like alice in wonderland, the bfg series and the harry porter series. these series collected a huge amount of money when released wordwide in cinema halls. all these movies based on popular children&s books are not only popular among children but also popular among adult audiences.
children&s books are in demand all over the world and more and more writers and authors are coming up with some new books. the potential market is immense because children are more into reading in this era than previous and they are enjoying it to the fullest.
(& )1. before going to sleep children like to enjoy &&&&&&&.
a. fairy tales&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&& &&& b. non-fiction&&&&&&&&&&&&&
c. funny books&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&& d. traditional literature
(& )2. all the following books are fairy tales except &&&&&&&&.
a. the snow queen&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&& b. the gruffalo
c. little red riding hood&&&&&&&&& &&& d. cinderella
四、&千头万绪&的细节排序题
[例证] 5. which of the following is the right order of whitman&s life?
a. his first collection of poetry was published.
b. he taught in a school as a teacher when he was young.
c. he helped the wounded soldiers in the war.
d. he passed away in camden, new jersey.
e. he was born in new york city in 1819.
排序题会出现在各种文体中，记叙文中的排序题通常以故事发生的时间为线索，也就是排出什么时间发生了什么事情；说明文中的排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索，也就是排出先说明什么后说明什么；而议论文中的排序题则要以逻辑顺序为线索，比如解决问题的方法等。
考生阅读短文时必须正确把握短文中各事件的顺序（时空顺序、逻辑顺序、因果关系等），结合短文内容先找出第一个细节，确定最后一个细节，再依将确定第二个、第三个，直到最后一个细节，这样就可排除干扰项，找出最佳答案。考生阅读时可使用回读法、扫读法、跳读法、前后搜索法、首尾呼应法等阅读方法。
[典例] walt whitman was born in eighteen nineteen in new york city. during his long life, he watched america grow from a young nation to the strongest industrial power in the world. whitman was influenced by events around him. but his poetry speaks of the inner self. he celebrated great people like president abraham lincoln. he also celebrated common people.
as a young man, whitman worked as a school teacher, a printer and a newspaper reporter. he was thirty-six years old when his first book of poetry was published. he called it leaves of grass. it has only twelve poems. the poems are written in free verse. the lines do not follow any set form. some lines are short and some are long. the words at the end of each line do not have a similar sound. they do not rhyme.
one of america&s greatest thinkers and writers immediately recognized the importance of leaves of grass. ralph waldo emerson praised whitman&s work. but most other poets and writers said nothing or denounced it.
the american civil war began in eighteen sixty-one. during the war, whitman worked without pay at army hospitals. he helped care for the wounded and dying soldiers. he sat beside these men for hours. he brought them food and wrote letters for them. after the civil war, whitman worked for government agencies. he watched the united states try to heal itself and increase democracy. to walt whitman, democracy was more than a political system or idea. it was a natural form of government for free people. whitman believed democracy was meant to honor the rights of every person and the equality of all people.
in eighteen seventy-three, walt whitman suffered a stroke. he spent the last few years of his life in camden, new jersey and wrote more poems. whitman was poor and weak during the last few years of his life. he died in eighteen ninety-two.
(& )1. walt whitman expressed his feelings by &&&&&&&&.
&&& &a. singing songs &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. celebrating great people
&&& &c. writing poems&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. praising common people
(& )2. leaves of grass was published in &&&&&&&&.
& &&&a. 1855&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. 1819&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& c. 1861&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. 1873
(& )3. it can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that whitman was &&&&&&&&.
&&& &a. a brave soldier&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. a man of devotion
& &&&c. an honest official&&&&&&&& d. a great politician
(& )4. which of the following is the right order of whitman&s life?
&&& &a. his first collection of poetry was published.
&&& &b. he taught in a school as a teacher when he was young.
& &&&c. he helped the wounded soldiers in the war.
&&& &d. he passed away in camden, new jersey.
& &&&e. he was born in new york city in 1819.
&&& &a. e, c, b, a, d&&&&&&&&& b. e, b, c, a, d&&&&& c. e, b, c, d, a&&&&& d. e, b, a, c, d
[高考真题]
a few years ago, paul gerner began to gather a group of architects in las vegas to ask them what it would take to design a public school that used 50 percent less energy, cost much less to build and obviously improved student learning. &i think half of them fell off their chairs,& gerner says.
gerner manages school facilities(设施) for clark county, nevada, a district roughly the size of masachusetts. by 0 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system. gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes(样品); they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009. the district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.
green schools are appearing all over, but in clark county, which stands out for its vastness, such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate. &one of the biggest challenges is getting the right site orientation(朝向),& mark mcginty, a director at sh architecture, says. his firm recently completed a high school in las vegan. &you have the same building, same set of windows, but if its orientation is incorrect and it faces the sun, it will be really expensive to cool.&
surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. &i don&t believe in the new green religion,& gerner says. &some of the building technologies that you get are impractical. i&m interested in those that work.& but he wouldn&t mind if some green features inspire students. he says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. &you never know what&s going to start the interest of a child to study math and science,& he says.
(& )64. which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project?
&&&& &a. assessment&prototype&design&construction.
&&&& &b. assessment&design&prototype&construction.
&&&& &c. design&assessment&prototype&construction.
&&&& &d. design&prototype&assessment&construction.
五、需要&上下求索&的广告信息类细节理解题
[例证] 5. if you want to get a job that you can do at home you should get in touch with &&&&&&&.
a. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b.
c. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d.
一般说来，广告信息类阅读文章的内容丰富，如产品广告、招聘广告、风景名胜介绍、宾馆介绍、房屋出租、招生广告、演出广告、节目介绍等。广告类阅读理解题的突出特点是信息量丰富，所以该文体通常以细节理解题为主要题型；命题所涉及的信息往往具有位置分散、覆盖面广等特点。以上述例证为例，题意：如果你想找一份不必出门就可以做的工作，你应该如何选择？考生在解题时要在原文（典例）中找一个和题意相符的职位。根据第二则广告中的&work is conducted at home&可知此广告中的职位与题意中的职位相符，因此可立刻找到和该信息相关的邮箱：。
由此看来，在解答广告类阅读文章的细节理解题时，考生要能迅速捕捉和题目相关的有效信息，通过分析、比较、归纳和推理等手段排除不符合题意和文意的选项，从而选出正确答案。根据广告类阅读文章的信息量大的特点，考生可以先浏览文章后面的问题，然后带着问题看文章，这样，在阅读过程中可以大胆忽略和解题无关的信息，快速抓住有效信息，以达到正确解题的目的。
good teachers
a language training school at yayuncun needs two full-time teachers and three part-time teachers to teach adults, 12 students a class, oral english and business english during afternoons and evenings.
full-time teachers 25~30 hours per week,
yuan per month. part-time teachers can choose the class to teach, 100~150 yuan per hour, according to your experience.
need native english speakers with teaching experience.
please send your resume and picture to .
writers/researchers
currently, fisher&s travel sos is looking for the freelance writer and researcher with experience in journalism and the ability to use computers. it is part-time positions for the project that will take a month to complete. work is conducted at home, and will take a couple of hours per day or less. full training is given.
please refer to
for more information on our company. journalists and writers interested in the positions should directly contact danielle-chu at
with your details and cv(个人履历).
full-time staff
it&s a beautiful modern world-famous tiki bar looking for full-time staff& waiters/waitresses/bartenders for its current expansion. if you are 18 to 25 years old, with good looks, wit and charm, this job is for you. good command of english and basic restaurant experience are necessary but not required.
please contact us.
tel: 133&&&&3195
advertising sales
you must have a &sales& personality&you need to love knocking on doors, giving presentations, closing deals, and keeping your customers happy. you don&t need any special degrees, and you don&t have to speak english. ideally, you should have advertising sales experience, but that&s not a requirement.
if this sounds fit for you, please email your resume to .
(& )1. according to the above information, you must know english if you want to be &&&&.
& &&&a. a teacher&&&&&&&&&&&&& b. a waiter&&&&&&&&&&& c. a write&&&&&&&&&&&& d. a seller
(& )2. if you apply for a job as a waiter you should &&&&&&&&&&.
&&& &a. be twenty-five years old at least&&&&&&& b. be clever and look very handsome
& &&&c. know english very well&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d. have rich working experience
(& )3. if you want to get a job that you can do at home you should get in touch with &&&&&.
&&& &a. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& b.
&&&& c. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& d.
评论：(未激活和未注册用户评论需审核后才能显示！如需回复，请留下联系方式！)
文明上网,理智发言