“句子翻译”解题五招_6C社区
“句子翻译”解题五招
“句子翻译”解题五招
句子翻译题的测试目的是考查学生对英语语法、句型和词汇的综合运用能力。因此，要想做好这类试题，就必须对英语的特点、习惯用法和句型有相当的了解，否则仅按汉语的表达方式来译，就会写出汉语式的英语。除此之外，解题的方法也是很重要的，下面简要谈一谈。一、细读汉语句子，确定需填内容的形式。由于英汉的差别很大，要想准确无误地将汉语译成英语，首先应了解汉语句子的结构及这个句子要表达的意思，将英汉进行对比，确定需填内容的形式，即所要填的成分。二、跳出空格，看其它部分确定句型。跳过空格部分，看看整个句子的句型，考虑要用什么时态、语态及词形变化，并确保主语与谓语一致。三、熟练使用常用句型、词组和习惯搭配。在中考的句子翻译题中，有不少是考查句型、词组和习惯搭配的。平时掌握好这方面的知识，便能快速准确地翻译出句子。例如：1．学好英语最好的方法是尽可能多说。The best way to learn English is to speak it ____.一眼就能看出是填“as much as possible”。因为“尽可能的……”英语表达为“as…as possible”，而且这个“多”是修饰English的，所以应用much。2．在强烈的光线下看书不好。____ us to read in strong light.通过分析可知此句的主语是不定式“to read in strong light”,句首应用it作形式主语，即用“It is+adj.+for sb.+to do”句型，所以空白处应填It is bad for。四、注意英语的语序。在英语中，问句充当从句时，不能再用疑问语序，而应用陈述语序。例如：你知道他什么时候回来吗？Do you know when ____？通过英汉对比可知，要翻译when引导的宾语从句，答案为“he will come back”。如果我们只说“他什么时候回来？”则应译成“When will he come back?五、一定要注意拼写形式。在做翻译题时，即使你所填的语意正确，但如果拼写有误，也不能得分。所以平时写单词时，一定要注意拼写形式。[演练场]1． 西湖是杭州的名胜之一。The West Lake is ____ in Hangzhou.2． 你知道他在等谁吗？Do you know ____？3． 你应该尽力学好英语。You should ____ to learn English well.4. 这部电视剧源于一个真实的故事。This TV play ____ a real story.5． 他说光传播得比声音快。He says that ____ faster than sound.6． 这本书很容易，他足以读懂。This book is ____ he can read.7． 课内课外都应说英语。English should be spoken ____.8． 他每天花两个小时做家庭作业。It ____ his homework every day.9. 他宁愿住在乡下而不愿住在城里。He ____ live in the countryside ____ live in the city.10． 我为我们的国家感到骄傲与自豪。I am ____ our country.11. 这件衣服太贵了，我买不起。This suit ____ I can’t afford it.12. 保护环境是我们的责任。____ the environment is our duty.13． 我的车刚刚修好。I have just ____.14． 我们没有时间听她唱歌。We ____ her sing.15. 他下定决心要学好英语。He ____ to learn English well.Key(3)
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本文地址： /article-.shtml 欢迎转载句型转换 完成句子.使改写后的句子完整.并与原句的意思相符.每个空格只准填一个单词． I’m going to make an early start so that I will catch the first train． I’m going to the first train． 题目和参考答案——精英家教网——
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完成句子，使改写后的句子完整，并与原句的意思相符，每个空格只准填一个单词．
I’m going to make an early start so that I will catch the first train．
I’m going to ________　________　________　________ the first train．
答案：start,early,to,catch
科目：初中英语
来源：高州市2006年缅茄杯学科联竞赛塈重点中学－高州中学招生考试英语试卷及答案
完成句子，使改写后的句子完整，并与原句的意思相符，每个空格只准填一个单词．
There is something wrong with the computer now．
The computer ________　________ now．
科目：初中英语
来源：高州市2006年缅茄杯学科联竞赛塈重点中学－高州中学招生考试英语试卷及答案
完成句子，使改写后的句子完整，并与原句的意思相符，每个空格只准填一个单词．
People in the US can’t drink beer or wine before they reach 21．
People younger than 21 ________　________　________　________ drink beer or wine．
科目：初中英语
来源：高州市2006年缅茄杯学科联竞赛塈重点中学－高州中学招生考试英语试卷及答案
完成句子，使改写后的句子完整，并与原句的意思相符，每个空格只准填一个单词．
Have you found the missing necklace?
Have you found the necklace ________　________ missing?
科目：初中英语
来源：高州市2006年缅茄杯学科联竞赛塈重点中学－高州中学招生考试英语试卷及答案
完成句子，使改写后的句子完整，并与原句的意思相符，每个空格只准填一个单词．
It will be quite a windy day tomorrow．
________　________ be a ________　________ tomorrow．
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题号：3255955试题类型：句型转换 知识点：关系代词,形容词的比较级，形容词的最高级,实义动词,一般疑问句,定语从句&&更新日期：
请按各小题的要求转换句型,保持句子原意,每个空格只准填一个单词。1. Mike did not do his homework yesterday. (改为否定式问句) &&&______ Mike do his homework yesterday?2. Tim is tall. Ted is taller. Tom is taller than Ted. (合并句子)&&&&Tom is the&______ ______&all the three.3. That book is a story book. That book has a red cover. (合并句子) &&&That book ______&has a red cover ______ a story book. 4. The teacher wrote some words on the blackboard. The pupils copied all of them down. (合并句子) &&&The pupils copied down ______&the teacher wrote on the blackboard. 5. Even a bottle of water is very important to the man under the bricks (砖块). (改为同义句)&&&Even a bottle of water ______ a real difference ______ the man under the bricks.
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关系代词：用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分，它在先行词和定语之间起纽带作用。主要的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which和that。 ①who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语；whose在定语&从句中作定语，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物。 例如：The teacher who/whom you want to see has come. ②which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。&例如：Here is the coat which will be made to you. ③that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 例如：I have eaten bread that/which he gave to me.
关系代词的基本用法：（1）引导定语从句关系代词代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他重新回来都忘记了他的那本书。（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）（2）which为其先行词。例如：He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。（3）其他用法关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略， 例如：I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。He's changed. He's not the man he was.他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。注释：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略，that在从句中作表语时也可省略。非限定性定语从句中，不能用that作关系代词。
关系代词的语法注意:1.常用that 不用which的情况:①先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。I will do all (that) I can to help you.②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时。He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.③先行词既有人,又有物时They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school.④当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。Who is the boy that was here just now?2. 若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom 或which.The pencil with which he was writing broke.3. 当先行词为way时其后的定语从句用in which或 that引导,也可不用引导词。I don’t like the way (in which/that) he talks to me.
used to/be used to的分别：①used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.②be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)③used to 的用法 （否定式简写为usedn't） 过去经常，以前常常This used to be a shabby house. （此房年久失修）used to,would这两个词语都可以表示过去常做某事，有时可以换用。 used to do 强调过去习惯性的行为或状态，但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此，这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。
关系代词的用法:一、不用that的情况在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.二、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a.在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b.在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c.先行词有the only, the very.（恰恰，正好）.any. few. little. no. all 修饰时，只用that。d.先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。e.先行词既有人，又有物时。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、不能用关系代词Which 的几种情况1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.There are few books that you can read in this book store.2.当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that, 不用which.He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that, 而不用which.Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.4.当先行词有序数词修饰时，关系代词用that, 不用which.The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which.It is the only book that he bought himself.6.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which.There is no clothes that fit you here.7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?8.在强调句型" It is ... that ..." 中,只用that,不用which.It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.9.在" such (the same) ... as ..." 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which.We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature.10.表示" 正如... 那样 "，" 正象..." 之意时，用as, 不用which.Mary was late again, as had been expected.11.As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面或主句中间，而由 which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.关系代词可以省略的情况:1.关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。Here is the man (who/that/whom)you're been looking for.2.当that在从句中作补语时可以省略。She is all (that) a teacher should be.3.在there be 结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现there be 时，用作主语的关系代词也可省略。This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.4.状语的省略（1）当先行词是reason，而且定语从句中作原因状语时，关系代词可用why,that,也可以省略。That is the reason (why) I did it.（2）当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可用in which,that,也可以省略。I don't know the way that/ which leads to the top of the mountains.（3）当先行词是time时，关系代词可用when,that 或省略。I don't know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place.注意：关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略。关系代词不能省略情况：1.在介词+whom与介词+which中，whom,which不能省略。That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.2.在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.3.在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中，as,that即使作宾语，也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought). (指同类用as)This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. (that指同一个)4.当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可省，但第二，第三个不可省略。This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.
关系代词格式：关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。that的用法最广，that可指人也可指物。见表：
特殊关系代词的用法：关系词通常是用来引导定语从句的,但as,than和but这三个词却与which, who, that, where, when和why等典型的关系词不同。三者本身具有常见的字面意义,前面有名词作先行词,但后面的定语从句却不像典型的定语从句。这些既像连接词又像关系词的词,我们就姑且称它们为准关系词。一、&as作为准关系代词出现在the same ... as, such ... as, 和as ... as等结构中。这时, as前面通常要有名词; as后面的从句意义上不像是通常的定语从句; as需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。1. the same ... as&&&&&&& 1) as在从句中作主语　　She is the same person as came here last Sunday. 她就是上星期天来这儿的那个人。　　2) as在从句中作宾语　　This is the same watch as I lost while I was doing the sightseeing in Shanghai three months ago. 这块表跟我三个月前在上海观光时丢失的那块一样。　　3) as在从句中作be动词的表语　　China is not the same country as it used to be. 中国已今非昔比。　　4) as在从句中作行为方式状语　　You should learn to do housework in the same way as your mother does it. 你应该学会像你母亲那样做家务活。2. such ... as　　1) as在从句中作主语　　Let children read such books as tend to make them better and brighter. 让孩子看那些容易让他们变得更好更聪明的书。　　2) as在从句中作宾语　　This is not such an interesting book as you just talked about. 这不是你们刚才谈到的那种有趣的书。　　3) as在从句中作be动词的表语　　Such a bad man as he is will be punished. 像他这样的坏人一定会受到惩罚。3. as ... as　　1) 第二个as在从句中作主语　　He has as much money as is required. 他要多少钱就有多少钱。　　2) 第二个as在从句中作宾语　　I have as many friends as you (do). 我的朋友和你的朋友一样多。　　3) 第二个as在从句中作be动词的表语　　As is known to all, Taiwan is one of the Chinese provinces。众所周知,台湾是中国的一个省。
二、than作为准关系词 出现在more ... than, less ... than, fewer ... than等结构中。这时, than前面要有名词; than本身有比较意义,而且需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。　　1. than在从句中作主语　　Take it easy, I have more money than is needed. 放心，我的钱比所需要的还要多。　　2. than在从句中作宾语　　I have more/fewer books than you (do). 我的书比你的多/少。　　3. than在从句中作be动词的表语　　He is a better boy than you (are). 他是一个比你更好的男孩。三、but作为准关系词 本身含有否定意义,它前面的主句还有另一个否定意义。这时but在意义上相当于“who ... not ...”或“which/that ... not ...”。　　1.定语从句中有be动词,并将其改为含but的复合句时, be动词后面不能再有not　　There is no one who is not conccrned about his future. (= There is no one but is concerned about his future.) 没有人不关心自己的未来?　　2. 定语从句中有can, will, shall, must, may, should, ought to等助动词或情态动词,在将其改为含but的复合句时,这些助动词或情态动词后面不能再有not　　There is nothing that she can’t do. (= There is nothing but she can do.) 没有她做不到的事?　　3. 定语从句中有助动词do, does, did, 在将其改为含but的复合句时,应去掉do, does, did, 还原其后动词的时态及人称变化　　There is no one who doesn’t wish to make great achievements. (= There is no one but wishes to make great achievements.) 谁都希望自己将来能有所成就。四、which的先行词：关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子　　He said he saw me there, which was a lie。他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。说明：关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略　　I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew。 我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。&&
形容词的比较级：当两种物体之间相互比较时，我们要用形容词或副词的比较级；当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时，我们就要用形容词或副词的最高级。
形容词的比较级和最高级的特殊变化规则：一、少数单音节词前面加 more-, most- 构成比较级和最高级tired ---- more tired , most tired fond ----- more fond , most fondglad ----- more glad , most glad bored ---- more bored , most boredpleased---- more pleased , most pleased
二、不规则变化good /well------- better ,bestbad/badly/ill------ worse , worst many/much-------more , most little ------ less , least far ---- farther, farthes / firther , furthestold ---- older , oldest (GA)&&& ---- older , oldest / elder , eldest (GB)
三、下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式cruel----- crueler,& cruelest /more cruel , most cruel strict---- stricter , strictest /more strict , most strict often----- oftener , oftenest /&more often , most often friendly------ friendlier , friendliest /&more friendly , most friendlyclever----- cleverer, cleverest /& more clever , most clever
四、下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高（即表示”最高程度”或”绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级）empty , wrong , perfect , unique , extreme , excellent , favourite (GB)/ favorite (GA) , true , right , correct , extremely ...
形容词的比较级和最高级用法：形容词比较等级用法：&1.没有比较对象时，用原级。&I have a new computer.&2.两者比较，程度相同。&A+系动词+as+adj.+as+B.&Our school is as beautiful as theirs.&3.两者比较，程度不同。&A+系动词+not as+adj.+as+B.&The weather here is not as hot as that in the south.&4.A比B更…&The earth is bigger than the moon.&5.比较级前可以用much,even,still,far,a lot,a little,a bit,any等修饰。&Your room is much bigger than mine.&I’m a little shorter than her.&6.用比较级可以表示最高级含义：&John is stronger than any other boy in his class.=John is stronger than any of the other boys.&两者不属于同一范畴，不能用other.&Chongqing is bigger than any city in Sichuang.&7.“比较级+and+比较级”&& 表示“越来越…”&China is becoming more and more beautiful.&Days are getting longer and longer.&8.用the+比较级，the+比较级& 表示”越…就越…”.&The busier he is, the happier he feels.&9. Which/Who+is+比较级&&&& A或B？&A和B哪一个/谁更…?&Which is better,this one or that one?&最高级用法：&表示三者或三者以上的人或物的比较，一个在某方面超过其他两个或多个时，用最高级，结构是&主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of/in短语。&This story is the most interesting of the three.&1. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数&它的意思是最…之一。&English is one of the most important languages in the world.&2. which/who…+is+形容词最高级&“…最...”&Which is the heaviest,the horse,the sheep or the elephant?3.最高级前可以用序数词&The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
形容词的比较级和最高级的变化规则：
一般加er，est
以字母e结尾只加 r,st
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这一辅音字母后再加er,est
以辅音字母+y结尾的词，将y变为i再加er,est
其他双音节词和多 音节词，在词前 加more或most
&interesting
more interesting&
most interesting&
实意动词：即行为动词，表示动作的动词。实义动词与系动词是相对的，能独立用作谓语。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种：及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词。
实意动词使用方法：及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如：I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?”Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如：Birds fly.鸟会飞。It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较：Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词)They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如：Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
英汉实意动词用法比较：与汉语的比较，有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况：a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词，如arrive到达，agree同意，listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如：We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.)Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较：We all heard the lecture.)Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve为…服务。Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务用于be动词之后，实义动词之前。
&实意动词的用法：肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它否定句：主语+助动词didn‘t+动词原型+其他一般过去式：Did+主语+动词原型+其他
一般疑问句：是疑问句的一种。通常用yes，no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。口语中若无特殊含义，句末用升调。 其结构是：系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他成分？　 通常回答为： 　　 肯定：Yes+主语+提问的助动词 　　 否定：No+主语+提问的助动词+not&例如： Are you from Japan?&& Yes, I am.／No, I'm not. Do you live near your school?　Yes, I do.／No, I don't.&Can you speak French? 　Yes, I can.／No, I can't.
一般疑问句的特性：1．将陈述句变为一般疑问句时，如句中有be 动词（am/ is/ are）时，可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称，应将其改为第二人称。如：I'm in Class 2Grade 1． →Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖We're watching TV． →Are you watching TV﹖2．陈述句中有情态动词（can、may、must …）时，也可直接将它们提至主语前，即可成为一般疑问句。如：He can swim now． →Can he swim now﹖The children may come with us． → May the children come with us﹖3．陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时，变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。如：I like these animals． →Do you like these animals﹖She wants to go to the movies． → Does she want to go to the movies﹖4．一般疑问句一般读升调(↑)5．一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如：Are they in town now﹖I think so.May I sit here﹖Certainly．Does he like soccer﹖Sorry I don't know．6. 一般疑问句的第一单词总是虚词,读的时候要读轻声。
陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧：根据一般疑问句不同的家族，可以用不同的方法将陈述句变为相应的一般疑问句。1、第一家族：含be动词或情态动词的句子秘诀：一调二改三问号一调：即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前；二改：改换主语称谓，即将句中的主语I\my \mines\we\our\ours等。第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you\your\ yours等；三问号：句末的句号改为问号。如：Eg. I am an English teacher.&&& →&&& Are you an English teacher?Eg. We can speak English fluently.&& →&&& Can you speak English fluently?2、第二家族：含行为动词（或称为实义动词）的句子秘诀：一加二改三问号一加：即在句首加助动词Do或Does；二改：1、把谓语动词改为原形；2、改换主语称谓（同第一家组）；三问号：句末的句号改为问号。Eg. We read English every morning. → Do you read English every morning?Eg. Tom’s father listens to English on the radio every evening. →Does Tom’s father listen to English on the radio every evening?特别注意：对于第二家族一定要注意动词的还原，因为时态与数的变化已经体现在助动词上了。3、加强记忆口诀：肯变一，并不难，can 或be提在前；谓语若为行为动，do 或does句首用。
定语从句：担任定语动能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一部分。
定语从句的分类：根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去;非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。1．由that引导的定语从句一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语。如：The comrade that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人。Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语。如：This is the thief who stole my bike．这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。He is the boy whom you wanted to find．他就是你想要找的那个男孩。The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。3．由which引导的定语从句which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如：The book which Mum bought me last week is called“Red Star Over China”．妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《西行漫记》。The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum．鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。4．由where，when和why引导的定语从句where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。如：I will never forget the day when I joined the League．我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。He will go back to the school where he studied next week．下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。I don't know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin．我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。［注意点］关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。如：The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。
限定性定语从句：1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。3. 有时as也可用作关系代词4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物
限定性定语从句口诀:（口诀一）　　定语从句真奇妙，　　关系代(副)词来引导，　　定语从句分两种，　　是否限定看逗号。　　（口诀二）　　which指物who指人，　　地点where时间when,　　that人或物均可，　　why之前是reason。　　（口诀三）　　从句当中作宾语，　　whom可以代替who,　　为了句子更简练，　　关系代词可省去。　　（口诀四）　　关系若是表所属，　　whose用法不可无。　　除此之外还有啥，　　whom, which加of。　　（口诀五）　　关系代词不一般，　　介词经常用在前，　　此时不用that, who，　　which, whom才安全。　
引导定语从句的关系词：
所修饰的先行词&
在从句中所作的成分&
主语、宾语、表语
主语、宾语、表语
主语、宾语、表语
主语、宾语、表语
whose=of whom/of=which
关系代词的用法&：1. 关系代词的句法功能& (1)关系代词在句中作主语 例如：I prefer music that/which has great lyrics& (2) 关系代词在句中作宾语& 例如：I like music that I can sing along with.& (3)关系代词在句中作表语 例如：The house is not the one (that) it used to be. 2. 关系代词在从句中作名词的定语 例如：Is she the teacher whose hair is very short?&3. 关系代词的用法& (1)who和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom 在定语从句中作宾语。Whom在从句中能坐介词的宾语，而who则不能。 例如：I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party& in the shopping center yesterday. (2)whose的用法：一般指人，有时也指物。在定语从句中作定语。& 例如：I have got a friend whose brother is training for the Olymoics. (3)which的用法：一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。& 例如：The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.& (4)that的用法：指人或物，指人时可与who、whom互换，指物时可与that互换。在从句中可作主语、宾语，还可作表语。& 例如：It is a book (that/which) no one really likes.&4. 宜用who不宜用that的情况& (1)先行词是指人的不定代词时& 例如：Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who entered the competitions.&& (2) 先行词指人时且含有较长的后置定语&&&&& 例如：The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother. 5. 在以下情况中，关系代词常用that (1)先行词为all, little, few, none 及some-, any-, no-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。 例如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.& (2)先行词前有only, some, any等形容词修饰时，只能用that。 例如：This is the only problem that we can’t work out. (3)先行词前由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。 例如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. (4)先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用他和她， 例如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 6. 只能用which不能用that的情形 (1)当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which 例如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. (2)关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which 例如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. (3)先行词本身就是that时 例如：I don’t like that which he did. 关系副词的用法&1. when的用法：它的先行词通常是time, day, morning等。有时也可和一些介词一起引导定语从句。 例如：Do you remember the time when she went abroad? 2. where的用法：它的先行词通常有place, spot, room等。 例如：I like places where the weather is always warm. 3. why的用法：它的先行词只有reason。Why时常也可以省略。 例如：Tell me the reason why she was late.
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