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托福语法练习题手册(附答案).doc 36页
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托福语法练习题手册(附答案)
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在托福考试中,语法贯穿始终。不论是听说读写,离开了语法,就没有了倚靠的根基。可能连最基本的句子都没办法弄懂。所以说,要考好托福,一定要熟练语法。本文北京新航道给大家整编了一些托福语法的练习题,让大家通过实践开熟悉并掌握语法,为以后的考试做好准备。下面请看我们的第一部分的10道练习题吧!
  1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
  A. in disease
  B. that disease
  C. of disease
  D. about disease
  答案:B
  分析:动词believe 的用法:直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.,在句中不作任何成分,其后接完整句。
  参考译文:大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
  2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
  A. she was the first woman to conduct
  B. the first woman conductor
  C. the woman was first conducting
  D. the woman conducts first
  答案:B
  分析:缺宾语,答案中只有B,D可以作宾语,但D的语序不对。
  参考译文:1976,Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
  补充: 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
  3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
  A. the first African American
  B. the first African American was
  C. she was the first African American
  D. when the first African American
  答案:A
  分析:缺宾语,C, D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语,而B中有was,句中出现两个谓语,一定错。
  参考译文:号,Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
  4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States, _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
  A. and accelerated a phenomenon
  B. a phenomenon that accelerated
  C. accelerating a phenomenon which,
  D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
  答案:B
  分析:考的是同位语结构,a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.,后面应该连接一个完整的句子,但缺主语,错;C中语序混乱,错; D中of which作为介词宾语,后面应该接一个完整句,但只有一个phenomenon主语,句子不完整,错。
  参考译文:可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化,当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区,这个现象更被促进了。
  补充: accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
  5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________
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2014年托福考试语法模拟试题及答案
摘要:今天新航道小编为大家准备了这篇精彩的文章,详情请继续阅读下文
  针对2014年考试语法复习,小编为考生们整理了2014年托福考试语法模拟试题及答案,详情如下所示:
  2014年托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解1
  1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
  A. in disease
  B. that disease
  C. of disease
  D. about disease
  答案:B
  分析:动词believe 的用法:直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.,在句中不作任何成分,其后接完整句。
  参考译文:大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
  2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
  A. she was the first woman to conduct
  B. the first woman conductor
  C. the woman was first conducting
  D. the woman conducts first
  答案:B
  分析:缺宾语,答案中只有B,D可以作宾语,但D的语序不对。
  参考译文:1976,Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
  补充: 常考 the first/second/& one to do sth
  3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
  A. the first African American
  B. the first African American was
  C. she was the first African American
  D. when the first African American
  答案:A
  分析:缺宾语,C, D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语,而B中有was,句中出现两个谓语,一定错。
  参考译文:号,Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
  4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States, _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
  A. and accelerated a phenomenon
  B. a phenomenon that accelerated
  C. accelerating a phenomenon which,
  D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
  答案:B
  分析:考的是同位语结构,a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.,后面应该连接一个完整的句子,但缺主语,错;C中语序混乱,错; D中of which作为介词宾语,后面应该接一个完整句,但只有一个phenomenon主语,句子不完整,错。
  参考译文:可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化,当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区,这个现象更被促进了。
  补充: accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语
  5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
  A. he became
  B. when becoming
  C. became
  D. did he become
  答案:A
  分析:before为状语从句引导词conj,后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词,错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序,选项中使用了倒装句式,错。
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  2014年托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解2
  1. _________, domesticated grapes grow in clusters, range in color from pale green to black, and contain sugar in varying quantities.
  A. Their botanical classification as berries
  B. Although their botanical classification as berries
  C. Because berries being their botanical classification
  D. Classified botanically as berries
  答案:D
  分析:句子的主语是grapes , 后面是平行结构grow&, range&, and contain&。空格后的句子已完整,那么空格处就应该是同位语,状语从句,分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明,而且classification和berries也不相符,错;B中Although为conj.,后面应该是完整句,错;C中Because为conj.,后面应该是完整句,错。
  参考译文:培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的,它们成串的长在树上,颜色从灰白色到黑色,并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
  2. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
  A. a basic instrument
  B. basic instrument
  C. how basic an instrument it is
  D. as an instrument is basic
  答案:A
  分析:instrument可数,前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
  参考译文:铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器,而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
  3. In instrumentalist philosophy, ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes: they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
  A. as they are
  B. are they
  C. there are
  D. are
  答案:A
  分析:两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
  参考译文:在乐器演奏家的哲学里面,思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中,用于乐器演奏。
  4. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen, and most do both.
  A. Working fire extinguishers
  B. Fire extinguishers that work
  C. Fire extinguishers work
  D. The work of fire extinguishers
  答案:C
  分析:空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语;B中that多余,因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。
  参考译文:灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的,大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
  5. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
  A. to purchase their own automobiles
  B. their own to purchase automobiles
  C. to their own purchase automobiles
  D. own their automobiles to purchase
  答案:A
  分析:为固定结构enable sb to do sth.
  参考译文:规模生产方法的产生,使得人们能够买自己的车,并获得了空前的灵活性。
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  2014年托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解3
  1. Frances Perkins, _________ of the United States cabinet, served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.
  A. the first female member
  B. was the first female member
  C. the first female member who
  D. of whom the first female member
  答案:A
  分析:主语同位语结构。B中多了一个谓语was,因为后面已经有一个谓语动词served, 一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错; C中who多余,用法也不正确;D中of whom多余,不是定语从句,考的是同位语结构。
  参考译文:Frances Perkins,是美国内阁的第一为女性成员,她从年在内阁担任劳工部秘书。
  2. When _________ to dough and heated, carbon dioxide is released, causing the dough to rise.
  A. is added baking powder
  B. added baking powder is
  C. is baking powder added
  D. baking powder is added
  答案:D
  分析:When为状语从句引导词;语序应该为正常语序,A,C错;B语序混乱,明显应该用被动形式,而且有固定结构add to.
  参考译文:当把烘烤用粉加到面团里加热的时候,会释放出二氧化碳,使得面团涨开。
  3. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations, geneticists use the theory of probability.
  A. The calculation of
  B. To calculate
  C. Is calculating
  D. Calculated
  答案:B
  分析:to calculate,这里用不定式表示&目的&,前半句的逻辑主语是geneticists,只有B符合要求;A中只有主语,句子不完整。
  参考译文:遗传学家运用概率的理论来计算在后代中拥有相似特点个体占有的百分比。
  补充: 如同A的形式, 逗号前面就是一个名词短语, 然而正确的句子里, 名词短语要么作为主语的同位语, 要么本身是主语, 如11题。 否则就是脱离句子成分, 成为错误。
  4. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements, where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts, rather than on improvisation.
  A. is more
  B. whenever more
  C. there is more
  D. more
  答案:C
  分析:where引导状语从句,后面缺主谓。
  参考译文:大型乐队爵士依赖于固定的安排,其中演奏相同部分音乐的乐器超过一个,而不是现声发挥。
  5. Because of _________ diversity, seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.
  A. them
  B. so that
  C. those
  D. their
  答案:D
  分析:those是泛指,这里应该用their来特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.
  参考译文:因为海藻们的不同特性,植物学家把他们分成7个不同的组别或分支。
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  2014年托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解4
  1. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material, _________ of DNA and various types of protein.
  A. consisting
  B. as to consist
  C. consist
  D. which consisting
  答案:A
  分析:分词作状语。如果用consist的话,应该用个conj.后面加个完整的句子。
  参考译文:染色体现今被认为是主要的遗传物质携带者,这些遗传物质由DNA和各种各样的蛋白质组成。
  2. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.
  A. that normally
  B. of which it normally
  C. normally
  D. that it normally
  答案:A
  分析:句中出现is和preys两个谓语动词,一定是个复合句;用that引导定语从句,pinniped为先行词,that后为不完整句。
  参考译文:美洲虎海豹是仅有的捕食企鹅和其他海豹的鳍足类动物。
  3 _________ &nova& means new, novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare into brilliance.
  A. That
  B. Why
  C. Although
  D. It is
  答案:C
  分析:空格后有2个完整句,空格处需要一个conj.
  参考译文:尽管nova意味着新的,但其实新星们是存在了很久而突然闪耀出光辉的恒星。
  4. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________, Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.
  A. Earth is
  B. is from Earth
  C. what is Earth
  D. is it Earth
  答案:A
  分析:比较结构的对称性:Mars is farther && than Earth is,is后省略了from the Sun
  参考译文:因为火星比地球离太阳要远,火星绕太阳转一圈的时间要比地球长。
  5. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the core values of the group.
  A. a complex network
  B. how a complex network
  C. a complex network and
  D. a network that is complex
  答案:A
  分析:缺宾语。B中的从句只有主语,句子不完整,错;C中and作为连词,后面缺谓语,错;D错,因为of前应该为名词。
  参考译文:社会系统就是一个社会关系的复杂网络,这个网络里把成员的行为方式向核心价值观靠拢。
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  2014年托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解5
  1. Bubbles, flaws, and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass, _________ the glass sparkle.
  A. which making
  B. and making
  C. making
  D. to making
  答案:C
  分析:空格前的句子结构完整,这里的分词作状语。A中用which来引导非限制性定语从句,而句中无谓语,错;B中and作为连接词,而and后的句子不完整,没有谓语,错;D错,不定式的结构应该是to do.
  参考译文:气泡,裂纹和其他的不规则会使光线穿过受损的玻璃时发散开,使得玻?辽练⒐狻?BR&  补充: stained glass常指教堂的彩色玻璃
  2. Fog is common near ________ _ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.
  A. there are large
  B. large
  C. either large
  D. where large
  答案:B
  分析:A使得句中出现两个谓语动词,且中间无连接词,错;C应该是either& or&结构,但句中没有出现D中where引导的句子不完整,错。
  参考译文:雾通常在靠近大型内陆水体和沿着温和地带边缘的地方发生。
  3. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _________ valuable source of history.
  A. and a
  B. so that a
  D. is a
  答案:C
  分析:make结构,make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.
  参考译文:描述日常生活的民间艺术品使它们本身成为有价值的历史来源。
  4. _______ by the United States government's Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.
  A. To prepare
  B. As it prepared
  C. When preparation
  D. Prepared
  答案:D
  分析:由后半句可以知道句子的逻辑主语应该是Consumer Price Index, 而且空格后是by,所以应该用被动形式,只能选D.
  参考译文:消费者价格索引是美国政府劳工统计部完成的,它把现在的物品价格跟以前的做了比较。
  5. _________ carries the genes, which determine the hereditary characteristics of the cell or organism.
  A. The chromosome
  B. The chromosome that
  C. Whereas the chromosome
  D. There is a chromosome
  答案:A
  分析:该句是非限制性定语从句,前半句已经有谓语和宾语,缺主语,选A.
  参考译文:染色体携带了遗传物质,这些遗传物质决定了细胞和生物体的遗传特性。
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  2014年托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解6
  1. _________ denotes currency in circulation plus bank deposits.
  A. The term &money supply&
  B. The term is &money supply&
  C. When the term &money supply&
  D. &Money supply& is the term
  答案:A
  分析:缺主语。B,D中出现两个谓语,一定错。C中when多余,使得句子不完整。
  参考译文:术语货币储备是指流通货币加上银行存款。
  2. The Franklin stove, invented around 1742, ________, originally with a partially open front, and was designed to fit into a fireplace.
  A. was made of cast iron
  B. cast iron was made of
  C. cast of iron was made
  D. was of iron made cast
  答案:A
  分析:invented around 1742为插入语,2个was为并列谓语。be made of 为固定搭配。
  参考译文:Franklin火炉发明于1742年,是用铁浇铸的,原先前面可以部分打开,而且设计成能正好装进壁炉。
  3. A few species of mushrooms cause death or serious illness _________.
  A. having eaten
  B. that they are eaten
  C. are eaten
  D. when eaten
  答案:D
  分析:状语从句的省略结构。省略条件:由特定的状语从句引导词:although, though, even though, if, when, while, as, 从句为主系表结构;从句主语和主句主语一致。省略方式:要同时省略主语和系动词。原句为:&& when mushrooms are eaten.
  参考译文:吃了一些种类的蘑菇会造成死亡或重大疾病。
  4. Some critics maintain _________ the mystery novel is a symbolic ritual of guilt and retribution.
  A. is that
  B. that there is
  C. it is
  D. that
  答案:D
  分析:that引导宾语从句。A,C中出现两个谓语动词,错;B中that引导的从句出现两个谓语动词,错。
  参考译文:一些评论家认为神秘小说是罪与罚象征性的仪式
  5. _________ all cherry trees are very attractive when in bloom, some species with inferior fruit are cultivated especially for their flowers.
  A. Although
  B. There are
  C. It is
  D. That
  答案:A
  分析:后面句子完整,且出现了两个谓语动词,此处缺连接词。
  参考译文:尽管所有的樱桃树在开花的时候都很美丽,但它们中的一些不结果的种类专门种植用来观赏他们的花的。
  6. Usually pitched in the of C, _________ may be tuned to B flat by means of a slide.
  A. the bugle
  B. because of the bugle
  C. the bugle that
  D. but the bugle
  答案:A
  分析:缺主语。
  参考译文:通常音调为C大调的军号,可以通过滑动的方式平稳的吹出B调来。
  7. With _________ formal art training and largely self-educated, Anna Mary Moses, known as Grandma Moses, began to paint rural scenes at the age of seventy-eight.
  A. not
  C. neither
  D. never
  答案:B
  分析:no修饰后面的名词training.
  参考译文:没有经过正常的艺术培训和广泛的自我教育,众所周知的Moses奶奶Anna Mary Moses78岁才开始画乡村风光。
  8. A block and tackle is a _________ of pulley blocks and ropes used for pulling or hoisting large objects.
  A. mechanical set special
  B. set special mechanical
  C. special mechanical set
  D. special set mechanical
  答案:C
  分析:固定搭配:a set of.;形容词修饰名词。
  参考译文:滑轮系统是一种特殊的机械装置,用滑轮和绳索来拉或提升大件的物品。
  9. Although _________ instant critical acclaim in 1952, he never completed a second novel, publishing many short works instead.
  A. Invisible Man was the first novel by Ralph Ellison received
  B. first received by Ralph Ellison, the novel Invisible Man was
  C. Ralph Ellison's first novel, Invisible Man, received
  D. Ralph Ellison's first novel, Invisible Man, was received
  答案:C
  分析:同位语结构,由句意应该用主动形式。
  参考译文:尽管Ralph Ellison的第一部小说《隐形人》在1952年得到了直接的赞誉,他却再也没有完成第二部小说,取而代之的是出版了很多短篇作品。
  10. Sauropods had _________ smallest brains relative to body weight of any group of dinosaurs, yet they were among the most successful of all dinosaurs in evolutionary terms.
  A. what was a
  B. when a
  C. of the
  D. the
  答案:D
  分析:adj. 最高级前一定要加the.
  参考译文:雷龙是恐龙群体中大脑对身体重量相比最小的一种,然而他们在进化过程中却属于最成功的恐龙之一。
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  2014年托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解7
  1. At the time of Columbus' voyages, Native Americans used an astounding diversity of languages, ________ the diversity used by Europeans.
  A. the greatest by far
  B. by far than greater
  C. by far the greatest
  D. greater by far than
  答案:D
  分析:有than就要找到比较级,A,C语义不通;B语序混乱。
  参考译文:哥伦布航海时代,美洲土著居民使用着令人惊异的各种语言,远远超过了欧洲人使用的种类。
  2. During the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920's, much African American writers, artists, and musicians came to Harlem in New York City, creating a cultural center there.
  答案:A much&many
  分析:。可数不可数名词修饰词的误用。
  参考译文:1920的Harlem黑人社区复兴活动中,很多美国黑人作家、艺术家和音乐家来到了纽约市Harlem,把那里建设成了一个文化中心。
  3. In Concord, Massachusetts, there is a museum commemorating the life of Louisa May Alcott, the author the nineteenth-century novel Little Women.
  答案:C author the & author of the
  分析:缺定冠词。
  参考译文:马萨诸赛州的Concord有一个纪念19世纪小说《小女人》的作者Louisa May Alcott生平的博物馆。
  4. Lactose, a sugar present in milk, is one of simple sugars used in food preparations for infants.
  答案:C of simple&of the simple.
  分析: 从后面的sugars可以看出,sugar代表&某一类糖&的时候是可数名词;present这里做形容词&存在的&,前面省略了one of&&&结构后面应该接特指的范围,必须加the,所以C错。
  参考译文:乳糖,是在牛奶中出现的一种糖,在给婴儿准备的食物中用的一种简单糖类。
  5. Jackson, Michigan, a city who was settled in 1829, was named for Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the United States.
  答案:B.who&which
  分析:定语从句连词的误用。
  参考译文:密西根首府Jackson,于1829年定址,是以美国第七届总统Andrew Jackson的名字命名的。
  6. Boulder, Colorado, is only city in the United States that derives its water supply from a glacier.
  答案:A.is only& is the only
  分析:定冠词使用。
  参考译文:科罗拉多州的Boulder是美国唯一的从一处冰川获得供水的城市。
  7. Construction of first skyscraper began in Chicago in 1883 with the ten-story Home Insurance Building.
  答案:B.of first&of the first
  分析:定冠词的使用。最高级前加the
  参考译文:最早的高楼建筑1883年出现在芝加哥,是一幢10层的家庭保险大楼。
  8. The Mississippi riverboat, which evolved from simpler steamship of the early 1800's, became the dominant form of passenger transport on the Mississippi River.
  答案: steamship&steamships
  分析:单数可数名词不能单独出现。需要注意的是,transport这里作名词,有&运输工具&的意思
  参考译文:密西西比河船,在1800从简单的汽船演变过来,成为密西西比河上重要的旅客交通形式。
  9. Modern stringed instruments comprise both instruments of ancient origin, such as the harp, and the developed recently family of bowed instruments that includes the violin.
  答案:D.developed recently&recently developed
  分析:词序颠倒。
  参考译文:现代弦乐乐器不仅包含有源于古代的乐器,如竖琴,也有最近发展的包括小提琴的弓形乐器。
  10. Stars provided early astronomer with a reference system for measuring the motions of planets, the Moon, and the Sun.
  答案:A&astronomers
  分析及考点:可数名词单数单独出现,一般都错。
  参考译文:天上的星星给早期天文学家提供了一个参照系统来测量行星、月亮和太阳的移动。
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