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单项选择题核圆形，居胞体中央，染色质呈块状，核仁消失，胞浆呈嗜多色性，该特征符合
A．原始红细胞B．早幼红细胞C．中幼红细胞D．晚幼红细胞E．网织红细胞
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1A．是IgG冷抗体引起的一种自体免疫疾病B．本病是最常见的一种免疫性溶血性贫血C．本病的自身抗体属不完全抗体D．正常人血中不存在冷凝集素E．引起本病的冷凝集素具有高效价、高热幅度的特点2A．中性分叶核粒细胞B．颗粒增多的早幼粒细胞C．单核细胞D．嗜酸性粒细胞E．淋巴细胞3A．患者受冷后可立刻发生血红蛋白尿B．抗人球蛋白试验为抗IgG型阳性C．患者完全缓解后，冷热溶血试验阳性仍可持续数日D．本病的溶血属血管内溶血E．与本病相关的自身抗体只和红细胞的I或i抗原有关4A．α-醋酸萘酚酯酶（α-NAE）染色B．α-丁酸萘酚酯酶（α-NBE）染色C．醋酸AS-D萘酚酯酶（AS-DNAE）染色D．氯醋酸AS-D萘酚酯酶（AS-DNCE）染色E．以上都不是5A．偶氮偶联法B．钙-钴法C．普鲁氏蓝法D．氧化还原法E．以上都不是
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A1型题（答案见尾页）
1、恶性肿瘤细胞和核异质细胞的区别是，前者有(　)。
A、核染色质结构呈结块状
B、核边增厚
C、核大小不一
D、核仁增大
E、病理性核分裂
2、下列哪项不是对放射高度敏感的肿瘤(　)。
A、精原细胞瘤
B、恶性淋巴瘤
C、甲状腺癌
E、基底细胞癌
3、不是恶性肿瘤细胞的主要特征是(　)。
B、核染色质粗糙、深染
D、核浆比例异常
E、涂片中，只能看到成团的癌细胞
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4、关于异形间皮细胞和癌细胞的鉴别要点中，下列哪项不正确(　)。
A、异形间皮细胞的核染色质正常染色
B、异形间皮细胞的核浆比例轻度异常
C、异形间皮细胞的核染色质增多
D、异形间皮细胞的染色质增加，但分布均匀
E、异形间皮细胞存在核轻度畸形
5、下列哪种溶液适用于大规模防癌普查的固定液(　)。
A、95%乙醇溶液
B、75%乙醇溶液
C、氯仿乙醇溶液
D、乙醚乙醇溶液
E、卡诺固定液
6、细胞学检查镜下观察见较多分裂象且不对称分裂时下列哪种病症的表现(　)。
A、炎症较重
B、结核的一种表现形式
C、恶性肿瘤的特征
D、正常细胞的表现
E、凋亡细胞的表现
7、重度核异质细胞和癌细胞的鉴别要点，前者是(　)。
A、核浆比例无明显改变
B、核形态异常
C、核染色质改变
D、核大小异常
E、核边界不齐
8、下列有关核异质的叙述错误的是(　)。
A、核异质细胞的胞浆分化正常
B、细胞核的边界整齐
C、染色质分布异常
D、核边增厚
E、核的大小异常
9、早熟角化细胞是指(　)。
A、宫颈型外底层细胞
B、产后型外底层细胞
C、萎缩型外底层细胞
D、非孕期中层细胞
E、妊娠期中层细胞
10、下列哪一项不符合雌激素水平和阴道脱落细胞形态两者的关系(　)。
A、雌激素高度低落时，阴道上皮萎缩不严重，以外底层细胞为主
B、雌激素轻度低落时，以钝角的角化前细胞为主，染色淡，杂有少数中层细胞
C、雌激素轻度影响时，以钝角的角化前细胞为主，伴大量角化细胞
D、雌激素中度低落时，以中层细胞为主
E、雌激素极度影响时，角化细胞持续达60%～70%或角化细胞占90%以上首页 1
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1 光学显微镜和倒置显微镜 （1） 未染色细胞：凋亡细胞的体积变小、变形，细胞膜完整但出现发泡现象，细胞凋亡晚期可见凋亡小体。贴壁细胞出现皱缩、变圆、脱落。 （2） 染色细胞：常用姬姆萨染色、瑞氏染色等。凋亡细胞的染色质浓缩、边缘化，核膜裂解、染色质分割成块状和凋亡小体等典型的凋亡形态。
2 荧光显微镜和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜 一般以细胞核染色质的形态学改变为指标来评判细胞凋亡的进展情况。 常用的DNA特异性染料有：HO 33342 (Hoechst 33342)，HO 33258 (Hoechst 33258), DAPI。三种种染料与DNA的结合是非嵌入式的，主要结合在DNA的A-T碱基区。紫外光激发时发射明亮的蓝色荧光。 Hoechst是与DNA特异结合的活性染料，储存液用蒸馏水配成1mg/ml的浓度，使用时用PBS稀释，终浓度为10 ug/ml。 DAPI为半通透性，用于常规固定细胞的染色。储存液用蒸馏水配成1mg/ml的浓度，使用终浓度一般为10 ug/ml。 结果评判：细胞凋亡过程中细胞核染色质的形态学改变分为三期：Ⅰ期的细胞核呈波纹状（rippled）或呈折缝样（creased），部分染色质出现浓缩状态；Ⅱa期细胞核的染色质高度凝聚、边缘化；Ⅱb期的细胞核裂解为碎块，产生凋亡小体(图1)。
3 透射电子显微镜观察 结果评判：凋亡细胞体积变小，细胞质浓缩。凋亡Ⅰ期（pro-apoptosis nuclei）的细胞核内染色质高度盘绕，出现许多称为气穴现象（cavitations）的空泡结构(图2)；Ⅱa期细胞核的染色质高度凝聚、边缘化；细胞凋亡的晚期，细胞核裂解为碎块，产生凋亡小体。
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&&&&Effects of kangshuai yanshou compound on chromatin structure and injured function in mice
&&&&抗衰延寿方对小鼠染色质结构与功能损害的影响
&&&&Nucleolus chromatin structure of cardiomyocytes
&&&&心肌细胞核染色质结构接近正常;
&&&&AIM:To investigate the effects of kangshuai yanshou compound on chromatin structure and injured function in mice.
&&&&目的:探讨抗衰延寿方对小鼠染色质结构与功能损害的影响。
&&&&EFFECTS OF KANGSHUAI YANSHOU(KSYS)COMPOUND ON
MOUSE’S CHROMATINIC STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTION INJURIED BY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
&&&&抗衰延寿方对环磷酰胺所致小鼠染色质结构与功能损害的影响
查询“染色质结构”译词为用户自定义的双语例句&&&&我想查看译文中含有：的双语例句
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authors studied dnd observed:The proliferating cyclies of the bonemarrow cell in mouse were prolonged and the frequeney of SCE inereased,which are causedby the cyclophosphamide. The Ksys Compoound can effectively inhibit cell division and SCEchanges which are restilted from the cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow cells. The re-sults showed that the KSYS compound can provent from damaging of chromatinic structureand function ofmouse bone marrow cells induced by the cyelophosphamide 本研究观察到环磷酰胺造成小鼠骨髓细胞增殖周期延长，姊妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）频率增高；抗衰延寿方能有效地抑制环磷酰胺所引起的小鼠骨髓细胞分裂增殖与ＳＣＥ的改变。结果表明，抗衰延寿方能保护小鼠骨髓细胞染色质结构功能免受环磷酰胺的损害。 AIM:To investigate the effects of kangshuai yanshou compound on chromatin structure and injured function in mice.<METHODS:The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory for Molecular Biology,Huan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The bone marrow cells were taken from 60 mice to examine frequency of sister chromatid exchange(SCE),index of cell division and cell cycles of mice under microscope.<RESULTS:The frequency of SCE in marrow cells of elder mice(1.79
± 0.35) was significantly higher than that in... AIM:To investigate the effects of kangshuai yanshou compound on chromatin structure and injured function in mice.<METHODS:The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory for Molecular Biology,Huan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The bone marrow cells were taken from 60 mice to examine frequency of sister chromatid exchange(SCE),index of cell division and cell cycles of mice under microscope.<RESULTS:The frequency of SCE in marrow cells of elder mice(1.79
± 0.35) was significantly higher than that in marrow cells of young mice(0.80± 0.13);the frequency of SCE in marrow cells of elder mice fed with kangshuai yanshou compound(1.16± 0.21) was significantly lower than that of controls.Cyclophosphamide prolonged the proliferation cycles of the marrow cells in mice and increased the frequency of SCE(3.73± 0.57).<CONCLUSION:The frequency of SCE in mouse marrow cells increases with advance of age.The kangshuai yanshou compound can impede aging changes of the frequency of SCE in mouse marrow cells.The kangshuai yanshou compound can also effectively inhibit division and SCE changes of marrow cells in mice induced by cyclophosphamide.目的:探讨抗衰延寿方对小鼠染色质结构与功能损害的影响。方法:实验在湖南中医学院分子生物学实验室完成,选用60只小鼠,取小鼠骨髓细胞制片,镜检计数姊妹染色单体互换(SCE)、细胞分裂指数和细胞周期。结果:老年小鼠骨髓细胞SCE频率(1.79±0.35)显著高于青年小鼠(0.80±0.13),服用抗衰延寿方的老年小鼠SCE频率(1.16±0.21)显著低于对照组老年小鼠;环磷酰胺造成小鼠骨髓细胞增殖周期延长,SCE频率增加(3.73±0.57)。结论:结果表明,小鼠骨髓细胞SCE频率随增龄而增加,抗衰延寿方可阻抗小鼠骨髓细胞SCE的增龄性改变,并能有效地抑制环磷酰胺所引起的小鼠骨髓细胞分裂增殖与SCE的改变。 AIM:To observe the effect of aloe-emodin,one of the active ingredient of herbal medicine rhubarb,on the proliferation of scar fibroblasts. METHODS:The experiment was completed in the Research Institute of Plastic Surgery,Guangdong Medical College from June 2001 to December 2004.Fibroblasts were derived from the hyperplastic scar dissected from patients receiving plastic operations in the Department of Plastic Surgery,Guangdong Medical College.After the hyperplastic scar was treated,the primary fibroblasts were... AIM:To observe the effect of aloe-emodin,one of the active ingredient of herbal medicine rhubarb,on the proliferation of scar fibroblasts. METHODS:The experiment was completed in the Research Institute of Plastic Surgery,Guangdong Medical College from June 2001 to December 2004.Fibroblasts were derived from the hyperplastic scar dissected from patients receiving plastic operations in the Department of Plastic Surgery,Guangdong Medical College.After the hyperplastic scar was treated,the primary fibroblasts were cultured and subcultured to the third to eighth generations.Different concentration of aloe-emodin was used to treat fibroblasts[0(being the control group),24,48,72 hours] at logarithmic phase.The growth of the cells was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope and the results were photographed.The proliferation of fibroblasts was examined by methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium(MTT) assay after cultured cells had been incubated with aloe-emodin of different concentration(0,20,40,60,80 mg/L) for 24,48,72 hours.The changes of the cell cycle were detected with flow cytometry(FCM) 24 hours after treated with aloe-emodin of different concentration. RESULTS:①The morphological changes of fibroblasts cultured in vitro:fibroblasts surviving normally grew prosperously and distributed densely,being in parallel and connected to be a large area.The cells' boundary was clear in fusiform shape,the body was plump,and connected by 2 or 3 flat and long processes.The orbicular-ovate nucleuses were big with loose chromatin.The number of live cells became less and the cell compartment broadened with the increase of the concentration of medicine and The processes of cells were shortened markedly or even disappeared,the cells turned rounded,and the body smaller.The cytoplasms got less,some becoming vacuolar,the chromatin was concentrated and marginalized,and the nucleus became blurred or even split into pieces.②The dose and time effect of aloe-emodin on the proliferation of fibroblasts:Shown by MTT results,the inhibition rate of aloe-emodin on fibroblasts increased with the increase of its concentration(F=6 602.102,38 214.554,46 427.565,P< 0.01),that was promoted remarkably at the same concentration with prolonged time.③The effect of aloe-emodin on the cell cycle of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner:With the increase of the concentration of drug,the percentage of cells went up at the DNA presynthetic phase and the cell number became less gradually at the DNA synthesis phase and postsynthetic stage(F=6 813.961,1 064.506,1 654.187,P< 0.01). The proliferation index of fibroblasts showed a dose-dependent decrease(51.56±1.21,34.50±1.43,25.30±2.11,14.71±0.82,F=6 963.487,P< 0.01). CONCLUSION:Aloe-emodin inhibits the growth of scar fibroblasts in a dose-and time-dependent manner,significantly decreases the proliferation index in dose-dependent manner and induces the apoptosis of cultured fibroblasts.Aloe-emodin can inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts by adjusting the cell cycle and inducing the apoptosis.目的:观察中药大黄活性成分芦荟大黄素对瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖的影响。方法:实验于4-12在广东医学院整形外科研究所完成。成纤维细胞取自广东医学院附属医学整形外科患者手术切除的增生性瘢痕组织,瘢痕组织经处理后进行成纤维细胞原代及传代培养至第3～8代细胞。分别用不同浓度芦荟大黄素处理对数生长期成纤维细胞犤(0为对照组),24,48,72h犦,观察成纤维细胞生长状况以倒置相差显微镜下观察并拍照。观察加入不同浓度(0,20,40,60,80mg/L)芦荟大黄素后24、48、72h对成纤维细胞增殖的影响采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法。不同浓度芦荟大黄素作用24h后对成纤维细胞周期的影响采用流式细胞术检测。结果:①体外培养成纤维细胞的形态学改变:正常存活的成纤维细胞生长增殖旺盛分布密集,平行极性排列连接成片,细胞清晰。细胞呈梭形,胞体饱满,有两三个扁平而长的突起相联系。胞核较大、呈卵圆形,染色质结构疏松。用药组随药物浓度加大、作用时间延长,活细胞数量逐渐减少,细胞间隔增宽。细胞突起明显缩短,甚或消失。细胞变圆,胞体缩小。细胞质减少,有的呈空泡状,染色质浓缩边聚,胞核模糊或断裂成块状。②芦荟大黄素对...目的:观察中药大黄活性成分芦荟大黄素对瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖的影响。方法:实验于4-12在广东医学院整形外科研究所完成。成纤维细胞取自广东医学院附属医学整形外科患者手术切除的增生性瘢痕组织,瘢痕组织经处理后进行成纤维细胞原代及传代培养至第3～8代细胞。分别用不同浓度芦荟大黄素处理对数生长期成纤维细胞犤(0为对照组),24,48,72h犦,观察成纤维细胞生长状况以倒置相差显微镜下观察并拍照。观察加入不同浓度(0,20,40,60,80mg/L)芦荟大黄素后24、48、72h对成纤维细胞增殖的影响采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法。不同浓度芦荟大黄素作用24h后对成纤维细胞周期的影响采用流式细胞术检测。结果:①体外培养成纤维细胞的形态学改变:正常存活的成纤维细胞生长增殖旺盛分布密集,平行极性排列连接成片,细胞清晰。细胞呈梭形,胞体饱满,有两三个扁平而长的突起相联系。胞核较大、呈卵圆形,染色质结构疏松。用药组随药物浓度加大、作用时间延长,活细胞数量逐渐减少,细胞间隔增宽。细胞突起明显缩短,甚或消失。细胞变圆,胞体缩小。细胞质减少,有的呈空泡状,染色质浓缩边聚,胞核模糊或断裂成块状。②芦荟大黄素对成纤维细胞增殖的量效及时效影响:四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法显示芦荟大黄素对成纤维细胞的抑制率呈现浓度依赖性增高(F=14.554,,P<0.01),且随着时间的延长,同一浓度情况下抑制率明显增高。③芦荟大黄素对成纤维细胞细胞周期调节的剂量依附性趋势:随着用药浓度增大DNA合成前期细胞百分数增多,DNA合成期、DNA合成后期的细胞含量逐渐减少(F=4.506,,P<0.01),成纤维细胞增殖指数呈剂量依赖性降低趋势(51.56±1.21,34.50±1.43,25.30±2.11,14.71±0.82,F=,P<0.01)。结论:芦荟大黄素以剂量、时间依赖性的方式抑制瘢痕成纤维细胞生长,还可剂量依赖性降低成纤维细胞增殖指数并诱导成纤维细胞发生凋亡。通过调节细胞周期并诱导细胞凋亡从而抑制瘢痕成纤维细胞的生长增殖。&nbsp&相关查询
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