高一英语语法定语从句的优质课件ppt
篇一：英语语法定语从句归纳总结 高一英语定语从句的归纳 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 v1w关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as v2w关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能（作用）： v1w连接先行词和定语从句。 v2w在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。 7.定语从句的类型： v1w限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 ① 直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter. =I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
v2w非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 ① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。 I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)We have three books, none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.) 除外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。 1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。 2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。 The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital. （那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤） The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital. （那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院） 3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用 指物做主语，宾语都用 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。 The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father. The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher. The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful. He went to America, ______ his parents live. He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too. 4.whose引导非限定性定语从句： The house, whose window faces south, is mine. =The house, the window of which faces south, is mine. ＝The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。 1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。 Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there? 2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。 ① 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。 Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now? ② 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时： 介词不提前时，关系代词可省略； 介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。 The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher. The man with whom I spoke is my teacher. ※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。 She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for. 3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“?的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. （主语） He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. （动宾） The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介宾）4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。 ① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。 ② 当作介宾时： 介词不提前时，关系代词可省略； 介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。 The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak. The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine. The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult. The games in which the young men competed were difficult. ※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。
※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 “the 时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引导定语从句： Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest. Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest. My hometown is no longer the same as it was. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. The child knows as much as grow-ups (know). I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school. He is not such a person as I expected. He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. ※注：which和as可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数． Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the newspaper. She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes. He married her, as/which was natural. 区别： ①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。 He married her, as/which was natural. =As was natural, he married her. Mark Twin is a great writer, which/as is known to all. =As is known to all, Mark Twin is a great writer. ②as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。常用句型有： as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected, As is known/ said/ reported/ told/ we all know等。如： As we all know, paper was first made in China. To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish. ③主句和从句有因果关系时，用which. Our class has won the football match, which made us very happy. Bamboos are hollow, which makes them very light. ④从句含否定意义时常用which.She didn’t pass the exam, which we couldn’t expect. She didn’t pass the exam, as we expected. 6.when关系副词：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换（此时先行词一定是表时间的名词）。 I still remember the time when I joined the League. ＝I still remember the time on which I joined the League. ＝I still remember the time (which/that) I joined the League on. 7.where关系副词：指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换（此时先行词一定是表地点的名词）。 I still remember the school where I joined the League. ＝I still remember the school in which I joined the League. ＝I still remember the school (which/that) I joined the League in. ※注：对关系副词when, where的认识。 ①. 先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。 I’ll never forget the time (which/that) I spent in Beijing. ②. 先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。 This is the factory (which/that) he visited yesterday. ③. 当句型为It/This/That is(was) the first(second?last) time引起的句子时用that连接其后的句子。此时的time是次数，不是时间。 It/This is the first time that we travel. It/This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson. 8. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason,不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。Why= for which I don’t know the reason why he was late yesterday. The reason why(for which) he was late is that he missed the bus. ※注：当先行词为reason时，关系副词并非都用why。 This is the reason (that/ which) he gave/ explained to us. 【判断用关系代词还是关系副词】 从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。试比较： I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong. ( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 ) I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland. （ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 ） The reason （that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday isn’t believable.
( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 ) The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday isn’t believable. （ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 ） 三. 值得注意的几个问题： 1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 This is the best film that has been shown this year. This is the first book (that) I borrow from the library. ※He is the first student that/who came to school today. 2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited. 3.当先行词本身是all的，用that。(all that=what) All that (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”. =All (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”. Go over all that (what) we learned. =Go over all (what) we learned.（that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略） 4.先行词为something, anything, nothing, everything, thing时，用that. I’ll tell you anything (that) I know. 5.当先行词前有all, much, little, many, (a) few, every, some, any, no, only, the very, one of, the only, the last, the next等修饰语时。 This is one of the books (that) I’m very interesting in. ※ This is one of the books in which I’m very interesting. This is the only book (that) I read. He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano. All the glasses that were on the table fell off onto the floor. 6.（人，物），当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时，用that引导以避免混淆． Who is the man that is talking with the lady? Which of you that know the answer can come to the front? 7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用that． He likes the girl that she used to be. 第二. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用which的情况。 1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时． The room in which he lives is very large. 2.引导非限定性定语从句时（主，宾都用which, 都不能省略）． Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. The house, which I visited yesterday, is very large. 3.which指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性定语从句． He always makes fun of me, which upsets me. 第三. 其他特殊情况． 1.先行词是these, those指人时，关系代词只用who. Those who are playing over there are my students. 2.先行词是人称代词(he, she?)时，关系代词只用who. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 3.不定代词someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody作先行词时，关系代词用who. Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished. 4.①先行词是the only one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用单数形式（因为此时的先行词是the only one,而不是of 后的可数名词复数）． He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano. This is the only one of the books that is borrowed. ②先行词是one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式（因为此时的先行词是of 后的可数名词复数,而不是one）． This is one of the students who are late. 5.当主句缺先行词时，用the one 代替，但须注意：the one只能代替可数名词单数．如为不篇二：课件高一英语定语从句讲解 高一定语从句讲解 第一讲 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+句子剩余部分 一： 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的词 二： 关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词作用：引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中起作用。 先行词: that ,which, who, whose ,as
先行词为人： whosewho
that先行词为物： thatwhich 在从句中充当的成分： 主语、宾语
（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 e.g.
把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句 He is a teacher, the teacher teaches us Chinese. He is a teacher who / that teaches us Chinese.
(主语) 2. The girl is my best friend.
She spoke just now. 3. He always buys some books.He never read them.强化练习 1 We are trying to help those children _____ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.
C. who C.when
D.who D. whose 2 Do you know the girl _______is singing in the classroom? B.which
3 Jim dislikes people _______talk much but never do anything. A.whom
A.when B.when C.whose
4 Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning? B.what C.that 5 Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed A which B what C whom
D who 链接： 1 Women __ drink more than 2 cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those __ don’t (2006北京) A. /B. / ; who
D. /;/ 2 He owns a little shop _ sells a lot of goods _ are necessary to the people _ are living nearby.
A. where, that, who B. that, which,
C. /, which, who
1 D. which, that, who 注意点：（打印给学生） 1.） 定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面： e.g.
4. The man who lives next door sells vegetables. The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( × ) 5. The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( × ) 2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略： e.g.
6. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our manager. 7. There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind. 第二讲
关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。 2. The book is not mine.( The book the cover of which is red is not mine) 3. Do you know anyone?His family is in Xi’an.
4. I live in the room.The windows of it face south. 5. The chair has been repaired. The leg of it was broken.
强化练习 1 john is the boy_____ legs were badly hurt in the accident. A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. Which 2
&Get new knowledge by reviewing the old& is a famous saying by Confucius(孔子). He was a great thinker words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today. A. who B. who'sC. Whose 3 Li Mei is the student _________ handwriting is the best in our class. A. whose B. whom C. whoD. that 高考连接：
21. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______ roof is under repair.
B. which C. of which D. what 2 Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______
life has developed gradually.A. that A. who
1）用that而不用 which的情况 ①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,,little,few,much something someone I refuse to accept the blame for something _____ was someone else’s fault.A. who ―Now many people smoke and get ill. ―So we should do something ______ can help stop smoking.
A. what B. who C. /D. that ②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰； The first thing that you need to come up with is an idea for your club. The first thing _____ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. ③先行词有the only, the very, any,the same , the last等词修饰；
This is the only thing that he can remember. He is the only one of the workers ____ english in the
factory. A that knows
B that know
C who has known
D who have known ④先行词既有人又有物时。 I miss the teachers and the kindergarten __ my parents think highly of.(2009金华十校联考) A. whoB. whereC. whichD. that 用which 而不用 that 的情况 。 that用法真有趣，俩个地方它不去 逗号之后它不去，介词之后不考虑 第三讲
介词+ which
关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代
3 B. where
D. Whose D. Whoever 3 A person ______email account is full won’t be able to send or receive any emails. B. that C. which D. What A. whichB. thatC. why D. who词只能用which 或whom e.g. The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.
The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood. 高考链接： 1. Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ______ to produce the workings of his own hands. A. that
A. of them and glasses. A. to which A. of which
B. to whom
B. with which
C. with whomC. about which D. with which D. into which
4. Gun control is a subject ____ Americans have argued for a long time.
5. The man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom
C. which the hands of
A. after thatA. with himA. at As的用法 as引导定语从句时的用法 1. as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。 e.g. 2. as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。常用下列句型: as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
as 在引导非限定时 一般放句首或句尾，并有逗号隔开。而which引导的从句不放句首。
强化练习 1 __ is often the case, my mother has the final say in the argument .(2008 云南一次质检) A. Which
B. AsC. That
4 That is the teacher from whom we have learned a lot. B. in which C. by which C. who of
D. how D. of whom 2. I have many friends, some_______ are businessmen. B. from which 3. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ______ we gave bells B. whom the hands of
D. the hands of which C. after it 6. Eric received training in computer for one year, ______ he found a job in a big company. B. after which D. after this 7.Alex asked the policeman ______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident． B. who
B. who C. with whomC. from whom D. whom
D. to whom 8. In the dark street，there wasn't a single person ______ she could turn for help．2 The prices of houses, ______ is often reported, have been going up sharply in the past few months. A. which B. it
D. what D. as 3 The Beatles,many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.（天津卷）
A. what 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited. 非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 指代前面整个主句的意思；用which e.g.
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
1 It is the third time that he has won the race,____ has suprised us all. A. That
D what 2 After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, ______ turned
out to be a wise decision. A. that 介词 + 关系代词。 1
Maria has written 2 novels, both of ―― have been made
into television series. A themB thatC which
D what 2 I wish to thank Professor li , without ____ help i would never have got this far. A who
D which第三讲
D. where e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. （who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译） B. that C. how .关系副词：when, where, why 1.内容： 关系副词when/where/why 时间用when原因why，地点where2.用法：关系副词在定语从句中做状语 Eg：I will show you to the factory which produces this kind of TV sets. I will show you to the factory where he has worked for five years. I don’t know the reason why/ for which he did it.
5篇三：定语从句-高一语法专题 高一英语语法专题
定语从句 一、概念 1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语个名词性成分，相当于形容词，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1引导定语从句、2代替先行词、3在定语从句中担当一个成分。注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 （一） 限定性定语从句（没有逗号） （1）关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语） 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人 which代表事物。 注：that和which在从句中作宾语时常可省略。 e.g.
The number of the people that come to visit the city each year rises one million. e.g.
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 2.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which： 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时， 或者是every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等， 或者是有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时、既有人又有物时、句中前面有which时 都只能用that。 3. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，who作从句中的主语,whom作宾语 e.g.
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. e.g.
Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. e.g.
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 4. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。 e.g.
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. （2）关系副词（在句中作状语） 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。 e.g.
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 2. when引导定语从句表示时间 e.g.
I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 注：表示时间“time&一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词。 e.g.
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 e.g.
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. (2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. 注意：①含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T＝正确) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F＝错误) ②若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) ③ “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 3. why是关系副词，用来表示原因的定语从句。 e.g.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
（二）非限定性定语从句（有逗号） 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后，其他部分仍可成立。 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。 2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which, whose代表事物。 注：在非限制性定语从句中，不可使用关系代词that和关系副词why，也不能省略关系代词或关系副词。
三、巩固练习 Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空： 1．This is the car, _______we bought last month. 2．Mr Smith is a famous
professor, _______works in BeijingUniversity. 3．He was often late for class, ______made his teacher very angry. 4．He is studying English, _______knowledge is very useful today. 5．There are many people there, most of _______are students.6．The boss, _______department I have been working in, is very friendly to me. 7．They will move into the building next month, ______all the work will have been finished. 8．This is his hometown, ________he was brought up when he was young. 9．He is a very kind man, ______ you can turn for help if you need. 10．He studied in Shanghai for
four years, ______he made many friends there. Ⅱ． 单项填空 1．We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, ______live my grandparents and some relatives. A. whichB. that
D. where 2．Some of the roads were flooded, _______made our journey more difficult. A. whichB. it C. what
D. that 3．He has two sons, _______work as chemists. A. two of whom
B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 4．The buses, ______were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of that
B. which most C. most of whichD. that most 5．My glasses, _______ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. whichB. with whichC. without, which
D. that 6．Mr.Wu, ________everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry. A. whomB. thatC. which D. / 7．This is Mr. Smith, _______ I think has something interesting to tell us. A. who B. whom C. that D. / 8．_______, the compass was first made in China. A. It is known to all B. It is known to all that C. We all know
D. As is known to all 9．I, _______your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who isB. who am C. that is
D. what is 10．He is a man of great experience, _______much can be learned. A. who
C. from whichD. from whom