说明解释型逻辑题的解题思路_西南大学吧_百度贴吧
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说明解释型逻辑题的解题思路收藏
MBA逻辑说明解释型考题也是一种重要的题型，其主要表现形式是，在题干中给出某种需要说明、解释的现象，再问什么样的理由、根据、原因能够最好地解释该现象，或最不能解释该现象，即与该现象的发生不相干。具体问法有：　　(1)下列哪项最能解释上述现象?　　(2)以下那种说法能够解释上文的数据或结果?　　(3)以下那种说法能够有助于解释上文叙述中的矛盾?考专硕，找重庆太奇！　　解这类题型有时需要一些相关的背景知识，但这些知识都属于语言常识和一般性常识，并且已经在题干或选项中给出，只是要求从中做一些选择和判断而已。需要特别指出的是，对解释结果型，一般首先要明确解释的关键概念;对解释矛盾或差异型，思考的关键是抓住原文差异双方的差别，正是这一差别导致了现象的矛盾。 　　例题：　　1.全国各地的航空公司目前开始为旅行者提供因特网上的订票服务。然而，在近期内，电话订票并不会因此减少。　　除了以下哪项外，其他各项均有助于解释上述现象?　　a. 正值国内外旅游旺季，需要订票的数量剧增。　　b. 尽管已经过技术测试，这种新的因特网订票系统要正式运行还需进一步调试。　　c. 绝大多数通过电话订票的旅行者还没有条件使用因特网。　　d. 在因特网订票系统的试用期内，大多数旅行者为了保险起见愿意选择电话订票。　　e. 因特网上订票服务的成本大大低于电话订票，而且还有更多的选择。　　[解题分析] 正确答案：e。　　因特网上订票服务的成本低，又有更多的选择，是可能减少电话订票的。 　　2.英国研究各类精神紧张症的专家们发现，越来越多的人在使用internet之后都会出现不同程度的不适反应。根据一项对10000个经常上网的人的抽样调查，承认上网后感到烦躁和恼火的人数达到了三分之一;而20岁以下的网迷则有百分之四十四承认上网后感到紧张和烦躁。有关心理专家认为确实存在着某种“互联网狂躁症”。　　根据上述资料，以下哪项最不可能成为导致“互联网狂躁症”的病因?　　a. 由于上网者的人数剧增，通道拥挤，如果要访问比较繁忙的网址，有时需要等待很长时间。　　b. 上网者经常是在不知道网址的情况下搜寻所需的资料和信息，成功的概率很小，有时花费了工夫也得不到预想的结果。　　c. 虽然在有些国家使用互联网是免费的，但在我国实行上网交费制，这对网络用户的上网时间起到了制约作用。　　d. 在internet上能够接触到各种各样的信息，但很多时候信息过量会使人们无所适从，失去自信，个人注意力丧失。　　e. 由于匿名的缘故，上网者经常会受到其他一些上网者的无礼对待或接收到一些莫名其妙的信息垃圾。　　[解题分析] 正确答案：c。　　“互联网狂躁症”是由于经常上网引起的。在我国实行上网交费制，会减少用户的上网时间，所以不会成为“互联网狂躁症”的病因。
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Do you like to sit in front of the computer and play computer games hour after hour? Have you ever thought of what that may be doing to your health? More and more children are becoming overweight(肥胖的) and growing less creative because they spend too much time in front of the computer according to a survey. Last week Child Protective Services(儿童保护组织)in America organized an activity. The aim of the activity was to encourage children to do some outdoor activities instead of playing computer games at home. Many American children spend about 1,000 hours a year playing computer games — more time than they spend in school. As a result, they are overweight. Some of them have very poor eyesight, and they can’t see clearly. Everyone should pay attention to his health and try to keep healthy. The doctor says that the longer children play computer games, the more overweight they may become. And the junk food children eat while they’re playing computer games makes the weight problem more serious. To keep fit, children need to take exercise regularly, play outside with friends, and explore the world around them. Can you spend two weeks without playing computer games? It might be difficult for computer lovers, but why not have a try?【小题1】Children may become______ if they play computer games all day.A．much younger B．much lighter C．less creative D．less careful 【小题2】American children may spend______ hours in school a year according to the passage.A．less than 1,000 B．more than 1,200 C．about 1,500 D．about 2,000 【小题3】The underlined word “eyesight” means “______” in Chinese.A．凝聚力 B．想象力 C．记忆力 D．视力 【小题4】What can we learn from the passage?A．Playing computer games has caused some health problems. B．Playing computer games can make children cleverer and more creative. C．Child Protective Services in America organized an activity for parents. D．Child Protective Services asked children to study at home and not to play outdoors.
Everyone knows that there’s not enough land in Hong Kong.If you go there by air, you will land at Kai Tak Airport. It was built out into the sea. It is in the part of Hong Kong called Kowloon. Kowloon is one of the two big islands in Hong Kong.The other island is Hong Kong itself. You can get there by ship or through a tunnel(隧道) under the sea.The population of Hong Kong is more than six million. Chinese and English are spoken by many people there. Clothes, computers, radios, televisions are made in Hong Kong. It is a shopping center. You can buy all kinds of things there.Hong Kong is also a beautiful city. It’s a good place for traveling. People from all over the world visit Hong Kong every year. You can watch dog-racing and motor-racing there. When you are hot and tired, you may rest in the small cool gardens. There are also a lot of tall buildings with comfortable rooms to live in. If you enjoy eating out, you can easily find a good place for delicious food.Foods of different flavors(风味) are served in Hong Kong. 【小题1】Where was Kai Tak Airport built?A．It was built out into the sea.B．It was built out into the lake.C．It was built out into the riverD．It was built out into the pool.【小题2】What’s the population of Hong Kong?A．Nearly 6 million.B．Less than 6 million.C．Over 6 million. D．Only 6 million.【小题3】How many products(产品) of Hong Kong are mentioned in this passage?A．7. B．6. C．5. D．4.【小题4】Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage?A．Kai Tak Airport is in Kowloon.B．There's a lot of land in Hong Kong.C．Many people in Hong Kong speak Chinese and EnglishD．Hong Kong is a beautiful city for traveling【小题5】 According to the passage, we know that ________.&&A．Hong Kong is a big city with a large populationB．there are almost no factories in Hong KongC．few people visit Hong Kong ever yearD．visitors can enjoy the comfortable living rooms and delicious foods in Hong Kong
City LibraryThe largest library in the area with over 70,000 booksof different kinds in it.Two big reading rooms which can hold 2,000 readers.Open from 9:00 am to 7:00 pm, Monday to Saturday.Sunny MuseumAn art show from August 1st to 20th.Over 300 paintings by world famous artists will beshow in it.ConcertA concert in Jinma Theater on July 10th.Some famous singers in China will sing in the concert.The money for the tickets will be used for the poor children.Singing CompetitionThe House of Culture of the city will hold a singingcompetition in October.Those who like singing can take part in thecompetition.Dadi CinemaSnow White, a cartoon by Disney, will be shown in DadiCinema next Sunday.Ticket Price: ￥40. (Half forchildren)1.If Tom wants to borrow the books from the CityLibrary, he can go there at ______.A．5:00 am onMonday&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B．5:00 pm onMondayC．10:00 pm onFriday&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D．10:00 am onSunday2.How many paintings will be shown in Sunny Museum?A．More thanthree hundred.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B．Less thanthree hundred.C．Only threehundred&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D．Two thousand.3.The concert is held in order to help ___________children.A．all the&&&&&&&&&&& B．thehard-working&&& C．the clever&&&&&&&& D．the poor4.The singing competition will held in __________.A．Sunny Museum&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B．the House ofCulture of the cityC．Dadi Cinema&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D．Jinma Theatre5.If a six-old-year girl goes to Dadi cinema to seeSnow White with her parents, they’ll have to pay ________________.A．100 yuan&&&&&&&& B．120 yuan&&&&&&&&& C．100 dollars&&&&&&& D．120 dollars&
Most people around the world are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientists studied works(作品) of art made at different times from 1, 500 B. C. to the 1950s. Most of the people shown in these works are right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the world's population is left-handed. Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones? Scientists now know that a person's two hands each have their own jobs. For most people, the left hand is used to find things or hold things. The right hand is used to work with things. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain (大脑). The right side of the brain, which makes a person's hands and eyes work together, controls(控制) the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists than among people in other jobs. No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged(损害) when they are born. However, this doesn't happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason (原因) why people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. If a person does not receive the gene (基因) for right-handedness, he/she may become either right-or left-handed according to the chance (偶然性) and the people they work or live with. Though right-handedness is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today they don't have to. 【小题1】 After studying works of art made at different times in history, the scientists found&&&&&&. A. the art began from 1, 500 B. C. B. the works of art ended in the 1950sC. most people shown in the works of art are right-handedD. most people shown in the works of art are left-handed【小题2】 How many people in the world are left-handed now?A．Less than one sixth. B．More than a half. C．About 40%. D．The passage doesn't tell us.【小题3】 What is the left hand for most people used to do?A．It's used to find or hold things. B．It's used to work with things. C．It's used to make a person's eyes work together. D．It's the centre for thinking and doing problems.【小题4】& According to (根据) the& passage, which of& the following is NOT true?A．No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed.B．Left-handedness is cleverer than right-handedness. C．Today children are not made to use their right hands only. D．Scientists think there must be some reason why people become left-handed.【小题5】The best title(标题) for this passage is&&&&&&. A．Scientists' New InventionsB．Left-handed PeopleC．Which HandD．Different Brains, Different Hands.
　　Starfish(海星) are not real fish at all．They are animals in the sea．
　　A starfish looks like a star．Most of them have five arms(胳膊);some have even more．At the tip of each arm is an eye．A starfish has as many eyes as its arms!
　　In many ways,this animal is different．If an arm is lost,it can grow a new one．If a starfish is cut into two,each piece will grow into a whole new starfish!
　　Starfish are not good to eat．Dry ones are very pretty．When children find them beside the sea,they like to take them home．
－How many arms do most starfish have?
－________
About four
More than five
Less than five
Starfish look like ________．
The eyes of a starfish are ________．
at the tips of its arms
at the end of each arm
at each arm
on its head
Which word means“all together”?
The story as a whole is about ________．
food from the sea
a strange sea animal
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请输入手机号语文病句解题思路及方法
提问：级别：幼儿园来自：江西省赣州市
回答数：6浏览数：
语文病句解题思路及方法
病句那题一直不好
&提问时间： 11:41:41
最佳答案此答案已被选择为最佳答案，但并不代表问吧支持或赞同其观点
回答：级别：九年级 14:33:21来自：山东省济宁市
常见的病句类型
1、语序不对
（1）我国棉花的生产，现在已经自给有余。（定语和中心语的位置颠倒，应改为 “生产的棉花”）
（2）在休息室里许多老师昨天都同他热情的交谈。（多层状语语序不当，表对象的介宾短语一般紧挨中心语，应改为“热情的同他交谈”）
（3）文件对经济领域中的一些问题，从理论上和政策上作了详细的规定和深刻的说明。（词语的前后顺序排列不当，“深刻说明 ”应照应“理论”，“详细的规定”应照应“政策”。）
2、搭配不当
（1）春风一阵阵吹来，树枝摇曳着，月光、树影一齐晃动起来，发出沙沙的声响。（主谓搭配不当，“月光”不会发出声响。）
（2）她拍摄完这部影片，就宣布正式退出演员生涯。（动宾搭配不当，“生涯”不能“退出”）
（3）这是一次竞争激烈的考试，非用十分的努力才能战胜其他竞争者。（关联词搭配不当，“非”与“才能”不能配合使用。）
3、成分残缺或赘余
（1）鲁迅先生在斗争中创造了杂文，成了文学艺术中的奇葩。（缺主语，将“创造了”改为“创造的”）
（2）他就主动参与社会灾害性事故处理，化解风险，安定社会生活的责任。（缺谓语，在“参与”前加上“承担”）
（3）只要有勤奋、肯吃苦，什么样的难题都难不倒你。（缺宾语，在“肯吃苦”后加上“的决心”）
（4）其余这是过虑的想法。（多余，“虑”就是想，可删去“的想法”）
4、结构混乱
（1）止咳祛痰片，它里面的主要成分是远志、桔梗、贝母、氯化铵等配制而成的。（应该是“主要成分是……”或“是由……配制而成”，两种格式或选用一个）
（2）你可知道，要出版一本译作是要经过多少人的努力以后，才能与读者见面的。（把“要出版……的努力”和“一本译作……见面的”两句话揉在一块儿说了，只能选一句说）
5、表意不明
（1）局长、副局长和其他局领导出席了这次表彰会。（其他局领导是本局领导还是别局的领导，不明确）
（2）巴勒斯坦游击队对以色列的进攻是早有准备的。（是“巴勒斯坦游击队进攻以色列”，还是“以色列进攻巴勒斯坦游击队”，不清楚）
6、不合逻辑
他是多少个死难者中幸免的一个。（既然是“幸免”，就是没有死，怎么能说“死难者”中的“一个”呢？
二、修改病句的基本方法
1、了解病句的几种常见类型，特别是《考试说明》中指出的6种类型；语序不当、搭配不当、成分残缺或赘余、结构混乱、表意不明、不合逻辑。要熟悉改病句的常规方法。
2、修改病句的目的是为了使句子表达准确，语句明白无误。修改病句时，必须保留原意，不可改走样了。
一走进西湖公园，就看到公园里彩旗飘扬，歌声嘹亮。
这个句子犯的是搭配不当的毛病，“彩旗飘扬”可以看到，“歌声嘹亮”却看不到。修改这个病句时，不能因为搭配不当就把“歌声嘹亮”删去，因为整个句子是要从两个方面来表现公园的热闹非凡的，删去“歌声嘹亮”就把句子的原意给改了。这个句子可以改成“一走进西湖公园，就看到彩旗飘扬，听到歌声嘹亮”。
3、从语法角度入手，抓住句子主干。无论是单句、复句，抓住了句子主干，也就抓住了句子的基本意思，在改病句时有利于保留原意。抓住主干时要注意辨认主干是否有毛病，如是否有成分残缺，主谓、动宾搭配不当等毛病，要先予以改正。
粮库主任的失职，使40吨小麦霉烂变质。上级领导为了严肃法纪，决定给他行政记过处分，并赔偿部分经济损失。
这个句子的主干是“上级领导……决定……并赔偿……”显然有悖整个句子的意思，“赔偿”的人应该是失职的粮库主任，而不是上级领导。应在“赔偿”前面加上“责令他”。
4、从词法角度入手，看看句子的修饰语同中心语的搭配是否恰当，句子的实词、虚词的运用是否恰当。
语文课下课后，黄晓静交给老师二篇课外完成的作文。
这个句子中数词运用不当，应把“二”改成“两”。如不说“二张桌子”“二盏灯”，而说“两张桌子”“两盏灯”。
5、从逻辑事理入手。中学课文虽没有章节专门介绍逻辑知识，但在修改病句时却常需要一定的逻辑知识。平时应注意掌握一些基本的逻辑知识。有些句子在逻辑上出现毛病，修改时就要从逻辑角度加以考虑。
汽车在蜿蜒的山道上急驰，如离弦之箭一般。
“离弦之箭”是笔直向前的，而“蜿蜒”是曲曲折折的，句子中的比喻不合事理，不合逻辑。应改为“汽车在高速公路上急驰，如离弦之箭一般。”
修改病句的常规方法是增加、删减和调换词语。
三、选用、仿用、变换句式
一个意思，不仅可以用这一种句式来表达，也可以选用另一种句式来表达。如“我们把书看完了”也可以说成“书被我们看完了”；“商店里的东西很多”也可以说成“商店里的东西真不少”。不过由于不同句式的不同语气、情调、语体色彩，修辞作用也就不一样。因此，说话作文要根据表情达意的需要，精心选择和变换最合适最有表现力的一种句式来表达。句式有多种，如主动句式和被动句式，肯定句式和否定句式，一般句式和特殊句式等等。掌握了各种句式变化的规律，就能够选择最合适的句式，为表达思想内容服务。
1、肯定句变换为否定句
同样一句话，既可用肯定句式表达，也可用否定句式表达，但后者比前者语意要轻些。在将肯定句变为否定句时，要注意不可将句子的意思弄反了。
这座大楼的外观好看。
用否定句式来表达，可以说“这座大楼的外观不难看”，却不能简单地加入否定短语“不好看”，说成“这座大楼的外观不好看 ”。这样，虽然也是否定句，但将句子的意思说反了。
这个句子还可以用双重否定句式来表达，双重否定表达的肯定的意思，可以说成“不得不承认这座大楼的外观很好看。”意思与原句无异，语气却更强些。
2、长句变换为短句
面对一个复杂的长句，首先要找出它的主干，然后再分清是句子的主干还是枝叶部分复杂，把复杂的部分变成分句，长句也就变为短句了。
①秦岭西部太白山的远峰和松坡，渭河平原上游的竹林、村庄和市镇，都笼罩在茫茫的春雨中了。
句子的主干是“远峰和松坡，竹林、村庄和市镇笼罩在茫茫的春雨中了。”复杂的部分是主语，主语是由并列短语充当的。我们可以把并列短语拆开，让它同谓语组成几个分句，把这个长句变成下面这个短句。
秦岭西部太白山的远峰和松坡，笼罩在茫茫的春雨中了；渭河平原上游的竹林、村庄和市镇，也笼罩在茫茫的春雨中了。
②当我们从燃烧着的山东土地向中原地区挺进的同时，在雄伟的山海关下，在辽阔的华北平原上，在水网纵横的江汉淮河之间，在丘陵连绵风沙蔽日的西北高原上，一幅历史大进军的壮丽图画，在我们幅员广阔的祖国版图上展开了。
句子的主干是“一幅历史大进军的壮丽图画，在我们幅员广阔的祖国版图上展开了”，主语前面有5个状语，把状语同谓语相结合，就可以构成几个分句了。
当我们从燃烧着的山东土地上向中原地区挺进的同时，一幅历史大进军的壮丽图画，在雄伟山海关下展开了，在辽阔华北平原上展开了，在水网纵横的江汉淮河之间展开了，在丘陵连绵风沙蔽日的西北高原上展开了，在我们幅员广阔的祖国版图上展开了。
3、短句变换为长句
要把几个短句概括、组织成一个长句，最主要的是找到一个中心句，然后把其他句的内容作为句子成分组织到这个中心句里。在变换时要注意句子的通顺。
把下面3个句子改为一个单句，内容不能改变。
①我们要毫不动摇地发展我国的社会主义经济建设。
②我们要坚持自力更生为主，争取外援为辅的方针。
③我们要学习和引进外国的先进技术。
把②句作为中心句，①③句作为长句的定语，写成：
我们要毫不动摇地坚持自力更生为主、争取外援为辅，学习和引进外国的先进技术，发展我国的社会主义经济建设的方针。
在组织句子时可以调整、删减、增加词语，但不能改变句子意思。
仿用句式指的是根据提供的句子，按照一定的要求写另一个句子。仿写时要注意所写的句子尽量与提供的句子做到几个相同，自述大致相同，句式相同，结构也大致相同。例如：在下面这段话中的横线上填写恰当的语句，内容要照应，并构成排比句。
用友谊写一本书，一本厚厚的书。在书里：友谊如珍珠，我们共同穿缀，联成一串串璀灿的项链；友谊如 ，我们 ， ，友谊如 ，我们 ， 。
所给例句用了比喻，仿写的句子也应当用上比喻，比喻后面的句子应当同比喻有关联，内容上要照应。题目要求仿写的句子要同例句一起构成排比句，仿写的句子的结构同例句也要相同。仿写示例如下：友谊如彩绸，我们共同剪裁，缝制成一件件绚丽的衣衫；友谊如油彩，我们共同调色，描绘出一片片美妙的景色。
四、扩展语句，压缩语段
“扩展语句，压缩语段”是今年《考试说明》增加的内容。
“扩展语句”要注意合理性。根据所给语句，根据要求进行合理的联想、想象，不可以漫无边际地随意地想。
“压缩语段”要把握住语段的中心意思，关键语句及有效信息，并要按规定的字数完成。
提问者对答案的评价：
回答：级别：二级教员 14:01:30来自：河南省平顶山市
审读病句，可以从感觉上察觉毛病，按习惯的说法会觉出别扭。有关搭配不当，语序不当，语义重复的地方，都可以用此法辨析、修改。
　　如“不管气候条件和地理环境都极端不利，登山队员仍然克服困难，胜利登到顶。”
　　“不管……极端不利”显然不合习惯。
回答：级别：大一 17:44:36来自：山东省
六种特殊结构或者类型需注意
另外多多背一些例句
回答：级别：八年级 17:53:45来自：APNIC
当然是要多背句型啊，注意分析句子结构。当然，有时候凭语感做也是可以的。
回答：级别：二年级 10:11:09来自：IANA
先划分句子成分，找错。再看句意有无错误。最后看用词有无错误。
回答：级别：一年级 14:38:18来自：河北省石家庄市
1.先通读句子，借助语感直觉来判断正误；
2.分析句子主干，看句子成分是否残缺。
3.再根据常见的病句类型来判断正误。如句子并列成分多时，要注意其逻辑顺序是否恰当。
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