额头深刻的皱纹和斑驳的脸庞，让人感受到岁月的无情。
当地人给断掉的鼻子贴上了创口贴，一时在网上走红。
声明：本文由入驻搜狐公众平台的作者撰写，除搜狐官方账号外，观点仅代表作者本人，不代表搜狐立场。
本文是《经济学人》日刊的一篇文章，关注中国离婚率上升的问题。《经济学人》是阅读的重要题源！考研英语要想考高分 经济学人要多关注哦 （考研微信：renrenkaoyan）
Family relationships
家庭关系
Divorce: a love story
离婚：爱情故事的终结
While the government talks up family values, marriage break-ups are soaring
一边是政府弘扬家庭观念，一边是离婚率飙升。
YANG YOURONG's wife kicks him as they walk upstairs and he falls back a few steps, then follows again at a distance up to the cramped offices of a district-government bureau handling divorces in Chongqing, a region in the south-east. After more than 20 years of marriage, Mr Yang's wife has she is “quick tempered”, he says (she had slapped him earlier, he claims). At the bureau, divorce takes half an hour and costs 9 yuan ($1.40). It is administered a few steps away from where other couples get married and take celebratory photographs. Mr Yang and his wife have second thoughts, they return home, still arguing. Most couples hesitate less.
杨友荣上楼的时候被老婆踢了一脚，跌下几级台阶后又重新跟上，在老婆后面亦步亦趋地爬上已经挤满人的重庆某区民政局―他们是来办离婚的。20多年的婚姻中，杨的老婆多次出轨。“她是个急性子。”杨解释道，他之前还被老婆扇了一巴掌。在民政局，离婚只需要半个小时，花9块钱（约1.4美元）就能搞定。而不远处就是一对刚领结婚证的夫妇在拍纪念照。杨氏夫妇决定再想想，但回家之后仍然争吵不休。大部分来离婚的夫妇都没这么犹豫。
Divorce rates are rising quickly across China. This is a remarkable transformation in a society where for centuries marriage was universal and mostly permanent (though convention permitted men to take concubines). Under Communist rule, traditional values have retained a strong influence over family relationships: during much of the Mao era, divorce was very unusual. It became more common in the 1980s, but a marriage law adopted in 1994 still required a reference from an employer or community leader. Not until 2003 were restrictions removed.
中国的离婚率增长得很快。这表明整个社会正在发生巨大改变，在过去的几百年里，结婚是一件很普遍且持续终生的事（尽管传统上允许男人纳妾）。在共产党的领导下，传统价值观念对家庭关系仍具有重要影响：在毛时代，离婚非常罕见，到了80年代则变得普遍，但1994年婚姻法的实施，仍规定离婚需要雇主或党内领导开具的说明材料，这项限制直到2003年才被取消。
The trend reflects profound economic and social change. In the past 35 years, the biggest internal migration experienced by any country in human history has been tearing families apart. Traditional values have been giving way to more liberal ones. Women are becoming better educated, and more aware of their marital rights (they now initiate over half of all divorce cases). Greater affluence has made it easier for many people to contemplate living alone―no longer is there such an incentive to stay married in order to pool resources.
这一趋势反映了经济和社会的重大变革。中国过去的35年经历了人类历史上最大规模的迁移，这直接导致了无数家庭的分崩离析。传统观念让位于更为自由的现代思想。女性受教育程度增加，也越来越意识到她们在婚姻中的权利（如今超过一半的离婚申请都是由女方提出的）。物质条件的改善让很多人不再担心独自生活――不必再为共享资源而被迫绑在婚姻里。
As long as both sides agree on terms, China is now among the easiest and cheapest places in the world to get a divorce. In many Western countries, including Britain, couples must separate for a period before d China has no such constraints. In 2014, the latest year for which such data exist, about 3.6m couples split up―more than double the number a decade earlier (they received a red certificate, pictured, to prove it). The divorce rate―the number of cases per thousand people―also doubled in that period. It now stands at 2.7, well above the rate in most of Europe and approaching that of America, the most divorce-prone Western country (see chart). Chongqing's rate, 4.4, is higher than America's.
中国已经成为全世界离婚最容易也是最便宜的国家之一，只要双方同意即可。在包括英国在内的许多西方国家，夫妻双方离婚前必须分居一段时间，而中国则没有此限制。据2014年最新统计数据显示，约有360万对夫妻分道扬镳，比十年前翻了一倍还不止（离婚的人会领到离婚证并拍照）。离婚率已上升至2.7，跟同期相比也增加了一倍，该比值已经远超欧洲，直追美国这一离婚率最高的西方国家。而重庆的离婚率则冲破了美国的平均值，高达4.4。
Helped by the huge movement of people from the countryside into cities, and the rapid spread of social media, the availability of potential mates has grown with astonishing speed, both geographically and virtually. But many migrants marry in their home villages and often live apart from their spouses for lengthy periods. This has contributed to a big increase in extramarital liaisons. Married people previously had limited opportunities to meet members of the opposite sex in social situations, according to research by Li Xiaomin of Henan University. Peng Xiaobo, a divorce lawyer in Chongqing, reckons 60-70% of his clients have had affairs.
由于人口大量从农村转移至城市，再加上社交媒体的兴起，在不同地域或不同年龄段内找到另一半的几率已经比从前大得多。但很多背井离乡的打工者都是先在家乡结婚，然后再和配偶长期分居，因此婚外情的现象越来越普遍。河南大学的李晓敏研究表示，已婚人士在之前的社会条件下遇到异性的机会很有限。重庆的离婚律师彭小波也表示，他的客户中有60%~70%的人都有过外遇。
Such behaviour has led to much soul-searching. The notion that “chopsticks come in pairs” propaganda posters preach Confucian-style family virtues using pictures of happy, multi-generation families. (President Xi Jinping is on his second marriage but this is rarely mentioned.) Many commentators in the official media talk of separation as a s they fret that it signifies the decline of marriage, and of family as a social unit―a threat, as they see it, to social stability and even a cause of crime. The spread of “Western values” is often blamed.
此举也给人们带来了深思。熟语“筷子成双成对，永不分离”一直深入人心。媒体也用四世同堂的和美家庭图画来倡导传统儒家家庭美德（事实上，习近平主席也是二婚，但这点很少为人所提及）。官方论及离婚，通常认为是道德风气败坏所致。他们担忧这标志着婚姻与家庭作为社会组成的意义大幅锐减――正如他们所能预见的，离婚对于社会的稳定性以及犯罪都是一大威胁。这些也常归咎于“西方价值观”的“泛滥”。
But marriage is not losing its lustre. In most countries, rising divorce rates coincide with more births out of wedlock and a fall in marriage rates. China bucks both these trends. Remarriage is common too. The Chinese have not fallen out of love with marriage―only with each other.
但是婚姻并未失去它的魅力。在大多数国家，与飙升的离婚率并发的还有婚外生子率的增加、结婚率的下降。中国却违背了这两种趋势。再婚现象也司空见惯。中国人并没有失去对婚姻之爱，只是他们不再爱对方而已。
It is tradition itself that is partly to blame for rising divorce rates. China's legal marriage age for men, 22, is the highest in the world. But conservative attitudes to premarital relationships result in Chinese youths having fewer of them than their counterparts in the West (they are urged to concentrate on their studies and careers, rather than socialise or explore). Living together before marriage is still rare, although that is changing among educated youngsters. People still face social pressure to marry in their 20s. Their inexperience makes it more than usually difficult for them to select a good partner.
不断攀升的离婚率部分是由传统观念本身所致。男性的法定结婚年龄是22岁（世上最大的婚龄）。但是中国年轻人对待婚前关系持保守态度，这就造成与西方的同龄人相比，他们中已婚的反倒还要少些（他们被迫关注于自己的学习与事业，而不是去与异性接触、交往）。婚前同居试婚仍旧罕见，尽管在一些受过教育的年轻人当中这一趋势日益改变。20多岁的未婚青年还面临着社会舆论压力。再加上，他们经验不足，更难找到好的灵魂伴侣。
Couples' ageing relatives are part of the problem too. Yan Yunxiang of the University of California, Los Angeles, says “parent-driven divorce” is becoming more common. As a result of China's one-child-per-couple policy (recently changed to a two-child one), many people have no siblings to share the burden of looking after parents and grandparents. Thus couples often find themselves living with, or being watched over by, several―often contending―elders. Mr Yan says the older ones' interference fuels conjugal conflict. Sometimes parents urge their children to divorce their partners as a way to deal with rifts.
夫妇的老年亲属也是他们离婚的诱因之一。来自洛杉矶加利佛尼亚大学的阎云翔指出“父母促使的离婚案件”也越来越常见。中国的独生子女政策造成许多人没有兄弟姐妹来分担照顾父母与祖父母的重担。因此夫妻常常与多个(通常是相互不和的)长辈同住或者受到他们的监视。阎云翔称长辈的干扰会给夫妻间的冲突火上浇油。甚至有时父母会迫使他们的子女与另一半离婚以解决家庭的矛盾冲突。
Women are more likely to be the ones who suffer financially when this happens. Rising divorce rates reflect the spread of more tolerant, permissive values towards women, but legislation tends to favour men in divorce settlements. A legal interpretation issued in 2003 says that if a divorce is disputed, property bought for one partner by a spouse's parents before marriage can revert to the partner alone. That usually means the husband's family: they often try to increase their child's ability to attract a mate by buying him a home.
而当夫妻离婚时，更易遭受经济重创的一方是女性。攀升的离婚率也反映了社会对女性更为包容的价值观，但是司法体系更照顾离婚案件中男性的利益。2003年颁布的新婚姻法解释指出如果有离婚纠纷，婚前由一方父母出资为子女购买的不动产会被认定为夫妻一方的个人财产。这通常意味着男方家庭会努力购置房屋以增加他们求偶的吸引力。
In 2011 the Supreme Court went further. It ruled that in contested cases (as about one-fifth of divorces are), the property would be considered that of one partner alone if that partner's parents had bought it for him or her after the couple had got married. In addition, if one partner (rather than his or her parents) had bought a home before the couple wed, that person could be awarded sole ownership by a divorce court. This ruling has put women at a disadvantage too: by convention they are less often named on deeds.
2011年，最高法院又进一步裁定如果婚后一方父母为子女出资购买不动产，该不动产应被认定为夫妻一方个人财产。另外，如果婚前一方（而不是一方的父母）购买的房产，那么该房产应归购买房产者（产权登记者）一人所有。这样的判决也使女性处于不利地位：依照规约而言，她们在家庭里的苦劳、功劳不再像以前那么被看重。
In practice, if the couple has children the person with custody often keeps the home―more often the mother. Yet the court's interpretation sets a worrying precedent for divorced women. Their difficulties may be compounded by the two-child policy, which came into effect on January 1st. If couples have two children and both partners want custody, judges often assign parents one child each. Marriage and the family are still strong in China―but children clearly lie in a different asset class.
事实上，如果夫妻有小孩，有监护权的一方一般享有房屋―通常是指母亲。然而依照最高法院颁布的解释，这项判例令离异女性堪忧。此外，一月一日开始生效的二孩政策又加剧了她们的困境。如果夫妻有两个小孩，而双方都要监护权，那么法官通常会判决双方分别抚养一个小孩。婚姻与家庭观念在中国依旧很强――但是孩子很明显地又是另一项资产。
重点讲解
1.social change 社会变迁
例句:The key issue is the ability of the state to perceive social change and realize possible outcomes of its social policy.
因此，关键在于国家对于社会变迁的观察能力必须相对应地提升，并且掌握社会政策可能引起的社会性效果。
2.in order to 为了
例句:Anne raised her voice in order to be heard.
为了让人能听得见，安妮提高了嗓门。
3.more than 超过
例句:He had notched up more than 25 victories worldwide.
他已赢得了超过25次国际级别赛事的胜利。
4.social media 社交媒体
例句:For leaders, social media is an extraordinary tool.
社交媒体对于领导者们而言是一个非同寻常的工具。
更多请关注微信公众号renrenkaoyan 手机QQ用户也可关注QQ公众号：kaoyan 获取
欢迎举报抄袭、转载、暴力色情及含有欺诈和虚假信息的不良文章。
请先登录再操作
请先登录再操作
微信扫一扫分享至朋友圈
搜狐公众平台官方账号
生活时尚&搭配博主 /生活时尚自媒体 /时尚类书籍作者
搜狐网教育频道官方账号
全球最大华文占星网站-专业研究星座命理及测算服务机构
爱考机构北京地区最早最权威的高端...
主演：黄晓明/陈乔恩/乔任梁/谢君豪/吕佳容/戚迹
主演：陈晓/陈妍希/张馨予/杨明娜/毛晓彤/孙耀琦
主演：陈键锋/李依晓/张迪/郑亦桐/张明明/何彦霓
主演：尚格?云顿/乔?弗拉尼甘/Bianca Bree
主演：艾斯?库珀/ 查宁?塔图姆/ 乔纳?希尔
baby14岁写真曝光
李冰冰向成龙撒娇争宠
李湘遭闺蜜曝光旧爱
美女模特教老板走秀
曝搬砖男神奇葩择偶观
柳岩被迫成赚钱工具
大屁小P虐心恋
匆匆那年大结局
乔杉遭粉丝骚扰
男闺蜜的尴尬初夜
客服热线：86-10-
客服邮箱：欢迎你，
2016考研英语：经济学人语757个高频短语
14:12:02 来源：新东方在线
最新资讯：
考研关注：
历年真题：
课程推荐：
<a title="199管理类联考综合签约全程班<font color="#FF管理类联考综合签约全程班
& & 《人》是重要的题源文章出处之一，因此，考生要多关注《经济学人》发布的相关文章，提升阅读能力的同时还能拓展不同领域词汇。下面新东方在线分享经济学人高频词汇，帮助大家做好词汇积累，提升听说读写能力。2016拓展：经济学人高频短语50组序号文章&序号文章1262273284295306317328339341035113612371338143915401641174218431944204521462247234824492550
考研网络课堂
考研公共课
考研专业课
考研直通车
快速响应：购课即开展择校择专业指导，且有一次更换所报专业课机会；
专属小灶：名师直播互动式教学，真正的“零”起点授课，就是让你入门；
专属辅导：班主任+科目老师，多对一全程辅导，智能讲练结合，随时检验效果；
签约重读：一科不过，全科重读，业内最低重读标准
考研数学复习 考研数学复习
版权及免责声明
1，"新东方在线"上的内容，包括文章、资料、资讯等， 本网注明"稿件来源：新东方在线"的，其版权 均为"新东方在线"或北京新东方迅程网络科技有限公司所有 ，任何公司、媒体、网站或个人未经授权不得转载、链接、转贴或以其他方式使用。已经得到 "新东方在线"许可 的媒体、网站，在使用时必须注明"稿件来源：新东方"，违者本网站将依法追究责任。
2， "新东方在线" 未注明"稿件来源：新东方"的 文章、资料、资讯等 均为转载稿，本网站转载出于传递更多信息之目的，并不意味着赞同其观点或证实其内容的真实性。如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网站下载使用，必须保留本网站注明的"稿件来源"，并自负版权等法律责任。如擅自篡改为 " 稿件来源：新东方 " ，本网站将依法追究其法律责任。
3，如本网转载稿涉及版权等问题，请作者见稿后在两周内与新东方在线联系。
考研网络课堂
<a rel="nofollow" href="/alliance/clickword?userid=fffed9efcd60001&kid=ffced1759&url=/product/41670_1.html#m" title="2017考研签约全程班【政治】试听
考研热点专题
考研实用 o 工具
考研交流 o 下载
考研课程排行榜
考研公开课2016考研英语经济学人:德国人认为幽默需要专门的训练-考研复习辅导-文都网校
/////卫生职称
热销考研课程
热销医学课程
您暂时还没有可结算的选购课程。
您购物车里有(&&)件未结算课程。
公务员卫生职称
2016考研英语经济学人:德国人认为幽默需要专门的训练
导语：众所周知，《经济学人》中的文章频频出现在历年的阅读理解试题中。因此，各位的考生在复习考研英语过程中，可以多看看经济学人中的文章。为大家分享经济学人中的文章，希望对2016的考生有所帮助。 German humour 德国幽默 Get thee to an Institute 闻所未闻的幽默培训 Germans concede that in humour they needprofessional help 德国人认为幽默需要专门的训练 EVA ULLMANN took her master's degree in 2002 onthe part that humour has to play in psychotherapy, and became hooked on the subject. In2005 she founded the German Institute for Humour in Leipzig. It is dedicated to “thecombination of seriousness and humour”. She offers lectures, seminars and personalcoaching to managers, from small firms to such corporate giants as Deutsche Bank andTelekom. Her latest project is to help train medical students and doctors. 2002年，伊娃?乌尔曼以“幽默在心理治疗中的作用”为论文研究主题获得了博士学位，并对该主题产生了巨大的兴趣。2005年，她在莱比锡城创建了德国幽默研究所，致力于研究“严肃和幽默之间的关系”。伊娃为管理者们(从小公司到诸如德意志银行和德国电信之类的商业巨头)都有进行演讲、开展讨论会和个人辅导。最近，她正在着手训练医学学生和医生。 There is nothing peculiarly German about humour training. It was John Morreall, an American,who showed that humour is a market segment in the ever-expanding American genre of self-help. In the past two decades, humour has gone global. An International Humour Congresswas held in Amsterdam in 2000. And yet Germans know that the rest of the world considersthem to be at a particular disadvantage. 奇怪的是，德国并没有特定的幽默培训。一个叫约翰?莫瑞尔的美国人指出曾经一度膨胀的资历的美国精神中，幽默也是市场的一部分。过去的20年里，幽默走向了国际。2000年国际幽默大会在阿姆斯特丹建立。在此之前，德国人还不知道在其他国家的人眼里，他们十分严肃。 The issue is not comedy, of which Germany has plenty. The late Vicco von Bülow, alias Loriot,delighted the elite with his mockery of German pretension and stiffness. Rhenish, Swabianand other regional flavours thrive―Gerhard Polt, a Bavarian curmudgeon, now 72, is aShakespeare among them. There is lowbrow talent too, including Otto Waalkes, a Frisianbuffoon. Most of this, however, is as foreigners always suspected: more embarrassing thanfunny. 这个议题并非是个喜剧，德国的此类例子很丰富。已故的 Vicco von Bülow, 别名Loriot,曾就以讽刺德国人的自负和固执娱乐精英。莱茵河人，斯瓦比亚人和其他地区的精英们层出不穷――Gerhard Polt是个巴伐利亚人，脾气很怪，现年72岁，就是其中的一个莎士比亚。也有一些比较肤浅的人物，比如弗里斯兰小丑OttoWaalkes。然而大多数情况下，外国人的怀疑：往往是尴尬大于有趣。 Germans can often be observed laughing, uproariously. And they try hard. “They cannotproduce good humour, but they can consume it,” says James Parsons, an Englishmanteaching business English in Leipzig. He once rented a theatre and got students, including MrsUllmann, to act out Monty Python skits, which they did with enthusiasm. The trouble, he says,is that whereas the English wait deadpan for the penny to drop, Germans invariably explaintheir punchline. 人们常常可以看到德国人大笑。他们真的在很努力地发出笑声。在莱比锡大学教授商务的英国人詹姆斯?帕森斯说，“他们没法变的幽默，但他们可以表现得很幽默。”他曾经租了一个歌剧厅，邀请了一些学生，包括乌尔曼一起表演Monty Python短剧。他们表演得很有热情。但是，问题是，英国人会面无表情地等硬币落下来而德国人则认为很有笑点。 At a deeper level, the problem has nothing do with jokes. What is missing is the trifecta ofirony, overstatement and understatement in workaday conversations. Expats in Germanyshare soul-crushing stories of attempting a non-literal turn of phrase, to evoke a horrifiedexpression in their German interlocutors and a detailed explanation of the literal meaning,followed by a retreat into awkward politeness. 更深层次上来说，这个问题与笑话无关。他们在正常的工作交流中，没有一连串的讽刺，大话和保守言论。德国的外国移民设法通过非文学的方式，与当地人交流窝心的故事，对他们的德语朋友产生恐惧的印象并不得不解释这些词语的文学一次，因而最后会陷入尴尬的礼貌却又疏离的境地。 Irony is not on the curriculum in Mrs Ullmann's classes. Instead she focuses mostly on thebasics of humorous spontaneity and surprise. Demand is strong, she says. It is a typicalGerman answer to a shortcoming: work harder at it. 讽刺不属于乌尔曼的授课内容。相反，她主要集中在自发幽默和惊喜的基本原则。她说人们对幽默的需求很强。这是典型的德国人对待缺点的方式：埋头苦干。 【重点解析】 1.dedicate to 献身于 例句:Concentrate the natural elite, Dedicate to theHuman Health. 浓缩植物精华, 缔造人类健康! 2.consider to 考虑 例句:We don't consider our customers we consider them to be our friends... 我们没有把客户仅仅看作是消费者;我们还把他们当作朋友。 3.answer to 适应， 符合 例句:I don't quite know what to say in answer to your question. 我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。 4.such as 例如;诸如 例句:We dislike people such as him. 我们不喜欢像他这号人。热点聚焦考研关注?&?&?&?&?&?&?&?&复习备考综合辅导?&?&?&?&?&?&?&&&
责任编辑：(
更多考研英语相关文章阅读
文都网校考研微博
