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Almost 1,700 / were produced
A business jet, private jet, or bizjet, or simply B.J., is a
designed for transporting small groups of people. Business jets may be adapted for other roles, such as the evacuation of casualties or express parcel deliveries, and some are used by public bodies,
is the earliest Business Jet
The , seating ten passengers and two crew, first flew on 4 September
aircraft were produced from 1957 to 1978, powered by four 3,300 pounds-force (15 kN)
turbojet engines, then
turbofan for a 44,500 pounds (20.2 t) , then two
turbofans.
The smaller, 17,760 pounds (8.06 t) MTOW
first flew on 16 September 1958. Powered by two
turbojet engines then , more than 800 were produced from 1959 to 1982.
was the first light jet
The first large, long range jet was the
The 25,000 pounds (11 t) MTOW
first flew on 13 August 1962, powered by two 3,000 pounds-force (13 kN)
turbojets. Its engine were replaced by , then
turbofans. Almost 1,700 aircraft were produced between 1962 and 2013 after being marketed as the .
The 23,500 pounds (10.7 t) MTOW , developed by , first flew on 27 January 1963, powered by two
turbojets, then . 442 were built from 1965 to 1987 and it was developed in the , re-branded as the .
The 29,000 pounds (13 t) MOTW
first flew on 4 May 1963, powered by two , then
turbofans and . From 1963 to
were built and it is the basis of the
The first light jet first flew on 7 October ;: the . Powered by two 2,850 pounds-force (12.7 kN) , its 12,500 pounds (5.7 t) MTOW complies with
regulations. 104 were built between 1962 and 1966 and it is the first member of the
On 2 October 1966 the first large business jet first flew, the 65,500 pounds (29.7 t) MTOW , powered by two 11,400 pounds-force (51 kN)
turbofans. From 1967 to the late 70s, 258 were built and it led to the ongoing
long range family.
The 11,850 pounds (5.38 t) MTOW
first flew on 15 September 1969, powered by two 2,200 pounds-force (9.8 kN)
turbofans. Produced between 1969 and 1985 at 689 samples, it is the first of the .
The trijet
made its first flight the 7 November 1976. The 40,000 pounds (18 t) MTOW airplane is powered by three 3,700 pounds-force (16 kN) . With the cross-section of the Falcon 20, it is the basis of the larger .
On 8 November 1978, the prototype
took off. The 43,000–48,000 pounds (20–22 t) MTOW craft, usually powered by two 9,200 pounds-force (41 kN) , the basis of the long range
family and of the
regional airliners. The 1000th Challenger has entered service in 2015.
On May 30, 1979 took off the clean-sheet 22,000 pounds (10.0 t) MTOW
powered by two 3,650 pounds-force (16.2 kN) , basis of the larger .
made its first flight on 29 August 1978. The 16,100 pounds (7.3 t) MTOW jet was powered by two 2,900 pounds-force (13 kN) . 950 has been produced, it was renamed Beechjet 400 then Hawker 400.
The 1980s only saw the introduction of derivatives and no major new design.
The clean-sheet
took off on 7 October 1995. The 21,500 pounds (9.8 t) is powered by two 3,500 pounds-force (16 kN) . 642 have been made since.
Powered by two 2,300 pounds-force (10 kN) , the 12,500 pounds (5.7 t)
light jet made its first flight on December 22, 1998. Nearly 300 has been made before the production stopped in 2013.
In the opposite way of Bombardier, Embraer derived the
regional jet family. Powered by two 8,800 pounds-force (39.2 kN) , the 50,000 pounds (22.5 t) plane took off first on March 31, 2001.
On 14 August 2001, the
made its first flight. The 38,850 pounds (17.62 t) aircraft is powered by two 6,825 pounds-force (30.36 kN) . The 500th has been delivered in 2015.
The first very light jet, the 5,950 pounds (2.70 t) MTOW , took off on August 26, 2002, powered by two 900 pounds-force (4.0 kN) . 260 have been produced till 2008.
It has been followed by the 8,645 pounds (3.921 t) MTOW
on 23 April 2005, powered by two 1,460 pounds-force (6.5 kN)
and produced at more than 450.
made its maiden flight on 26 July 2007. The 10,500 pounds (4.75 t) MTOW airplane is powered by two 1,600 pounds-force (7.2 kN) . With its
development, nearly 600 have been made.
Though the early
had four, most production business jets have two , mostly rear-mounted . If mounted below their , it wouldn't allow sufficient engine clearance without a too long . The
is the exception with its over the wing engine pods.
still builds three-engine models derived from the , and the
market has seen the introduction of several single-engine designs such as the .
On 1 January 2016, there were 21,342 business jets in the worldwide fleet, of which 11.1% were for sale. 5-year old aircraft residual value level is at a 55% of the list price. About 70% of the fleet was in North America at the end of 2011. The European market is the next largest, with growing activity in the Middle East, Asia, and Central America. In 2015 the total airplane billing amounted to US$21.9 billion, and 718 business jets were delivered to customers across the globe : 199 (27.7%) by , 166 (23.1%) by , 154 (21.4%) by , 120 (16.7%) by
and 55 (7.7%) by .
In 2016 Jetcraft forecasts 7,879 unit deliveries in the next decade for $248 billion, a 31.5 $M average. Cessna should lead the numbers with 24.4% of the deliveries ahead of Bombardier with 21.8% while Gulfstream would lead the revenue market share with 30.6% ahead of Bombardier with 28%.
should be the first engine supplier with 30% of the $24B revenue, in front of the current leader
at 25%. Honeywell will hold 45% of the avionics $16B revenue ahead of
with 37% and .
predicts 8,600 aircraft to be delivered during 2016-26 for a total value of $255 Billion. Its breakdown is 57% big (85% in value) - super-midsize to business liner, 21% midsize (10% in value) - light-medium to medium, and 22% small (5% in value).
For the decade starting in 2017,
predicts 11,346 deliveries of business aircraft (jets or not) valued at $250.1 billion, with a fleet growing from 31,864 aircraft to 36,702 aircraft (64% in North America): 4,838 more at an average annual growth rate of 1.6%, with 5,835 retirements. For the coming five-year period,
should lead the market with a 22.8% market share, followed by Bombardier with 20.4%, Embraer with 16.6%, Gulfstream with 15%, Dassault with 8.4% then the rest of manufacturers with 16.9%. There should be 22,190 Engine deliveries, led by the , ,
Large. The average utilization should be 365 flight hours per aircraft per year.
A 2010 study by the
found that small and midsize companies that use private jets produce a 219% higher earnings growth rate than those that strictly fly commercial.
Worldwide market
Value ($B)
average ($M)
The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
of the subject. You may , discuss the issue on the , or , as appropriate. (June 2014) ()
There are three basic types of operators who own, manage and operate private jets.[]
Flight departments are corporate-owned operators who manage the aircraft of a specific company. Ford Motor Company, Chrysler, and Altria are examples of companies that own, maintain and operate their own fleet of private aircraft for their employees. Flight departments handle all aspects of aircraft operation and maintenance. In the United States, flight-department aircraft operate under
operating rules.
Charter operators own or manage private jets for multiple clients. Like traditional flight departments, charter companies handle all aspects of aircraft operation and maintenance. However, they are not aligned with just one corporation. They manage aircraft for a private owner or corporation and also handle the sales of available flight time on the aircraft they own or manage. Maintenance services can also be provided which typically include on-site or mobile repair, major and minor routine inspections, troubleshooting assistance away from base, avionics installation and repair, jet engine and battery service, interior modifications and refurbishment, Inspection Authority (IA) qualified inspectors, aircraft planning and budgetary projections, compliance with service bulletins, aircraft storage management, record keeping and management, technical appraisal of private jet purchases, leases and lease terminations, and Part 91 or Part 135 conformity inspections.
In the United States, business aircraft may be operated under either
as private operations for the business purposes of the owner, or under
as commercial operations for the business purposes of a third party. One common arrangement for operational flexibility purposes is for the aircraft's owner to operate the aircraft under FAR 91 when needed for its own purposes, and to allow a third-party charter-manager to operate it under FAR 135 when the aircraft is needed for the business purposes of third parties (such as for other entities within the corporate group of the aircraft's owner).
Since 1996 the term "" has been used in connection with business aircraft owned by a consortium of companies. Under such arrangements, overhead costs such as , hangarage and maintenance are split among the users.
Fractional ownership, often called "time share", involves an individual or corporation who pays an upfront equity share for the cost of an aircraft. If four parties are involved, a partner would pay one-fourth of the aircraft price (a "quarter share"). That partner is now an equity owner in that aircraft and can sell the equity position if necessary. This also entitles the new owner to a certain number of hours of flight time on that aircraft, or any comparable aircraft in the fleet. Additional fees include monthly management fees and incidentals such as catering and ground transportation. In the United States, fractional-ownership operations may be regulated by either FAA .
Business Jets can be categorized according to their size.
The most sold VLJ is the Cessna
(VLJ) is a classification initiated by the release of the , on December 31, 2006, which was originally available at around US$1.5 million, cheaper than existing business jets and comparable with turboprop airplanes. It accompanied a bubble for
services, exemplified by
which ceased operations on September 2008,
failed to sustain its business model and filed for bankruptcy in February 2009.
simultaneously developed the , a six-place twinjet (2 crew + 4 passengers), followed by the
and the . They have a maximum takeoff weight lighter than the
12,500 pounds limit, and are approved for single-pilot operation. They typically accommodate 5-7 passengers over a 965 nmi average range, with a $3.6M mean price.
Very light jets, 4 pax mission
30.9 ft
38.3 ft
9.8 ft
5.1 ft
6,000 lb
714 nmi
33.5 ft
37.9 ft
10.0 ft
4.7 ft
6,000 lb
825 nmi
40.6 ft
43.2 ft
9.8 ft
4.6 ft
8,645 lb
963 nmi
42.1 ft
40.4 ft
11.0 ft
5.1 ft
10,582 lb
1,050 nmi
42.6 ft
39.8 ft
12.1 ft
5.0 ft
10,600 lb
1,065 nmi
42.6 ft
47.3 ft
11.0 ft
4.8 ft
10,700 lb
1,174 nmi
have been produced
Light jets have been a staple of the business jet industry since the advent of the
in the early 1960s. They provide access to small airports and the speed to be an effective air travel tool. Aircraft of this class include:
/Bravo/Ultra/Encore
They typically accommodate 6-8 passengers over a 1953 nmi average range, with a $9.1M mean price.
Light Jets, 4 pax mission
51.2 ft
53.3 ft
15.7 ft
4.8 ft
13,870 lb
1,802 nmi
46.8 ft
42.3 ft
12.5 ft
4.8 ft
13,950 lb
2,205 nmi
55.2 ft
55.8 ft
23.0 ft
5.5 ft
17,650 lb
51.2 ft
52.2 ft
17.2 ft
5.1 ft
17,968 lb
1,903 nmi
53.3 ft
50.8 ft
17.3 ft
4.8 ft
17,110 lb
1,927 nmi
56.0 ft
50.9 ft
17.7 ft
5.1 ft
Nearly 1700 / have been built
These aircraft are suitable for longer-range travel such as transcontinental flights and for travel with larger passenger capacity requirements. Aircraft of this class include:
/750/850/900/1000,
They typically accommodate 9 passengers over a 2435 nmi average range, with a $15M mean price.
Mid-size jets, 4 pax mission
52.5 ft
56.3 ft
18.5 ft
5.7 ft
58.0 ft
50.9 ft
19.8 ft
5.1 ft
56.8 ft
55.6 ft
17.7 ft
5.8 ft
62.3 ft
72.3 ft
21.8 ft
6.4 ft
64.7 ft
66.5 ft
20.6 ft
6.8 ft
The most widespread super mid-size jet is the
Super mid-size jets feature wide-body cabin space, high-altitude capability, speed, and long range. These jets combine transatlantic capability with the speed and comfort of a wide-body, high-altitude aircraft. Aircraft of this class include:
They typically accommodate 10-11 passengers over a 3282 nmi average range, with a $22.5M mean price:
Super mid-size jets, 4 pax mission
63.5 ft
72.3 ft
25.3 ft
5.7 ft
68.1 ft
66.4 ft
24.6 ft
6.8 ft
73.6 ft
69.2 ft
25.2 ft
5.7 ft
66.8 ft
63.0 ft
25.8 ft
7.2 ft
68.7 ft
69.0 ft
25.2 ft
7.2 ft
More than 1000
have been produced
They typically accommodate 13-14 passengers over a 4365 nmi average range, with a $37.8M mean price.
Large Jets, 4 pax mission
86.4 ft
69.5 ft
42.4 ft
6.9 ft
66.3 ft
70.2 ft
26.2 ft
7.7 ft
86.4 ft
69.5 ft
42.4 ft
6.9 ft
68.4 ft
64.3 ft
25.6 ft
7.9 ft
66.3 ft
70.2 ft
26.2 ft
7.7 ft
89.3 ft
77.8 ft
37.0 ft
7.3 ft
66.3 ft
70.2 ft
33.2 ft
7.7 ft
96.8 ft
94.0 ft
40.7 ft
7.9 ft
76.1 ft
86.0 ft
39.1 ft
7.7 ft
Including long range jets:
/G350/G450
/G500/G550
They typically accommodate 13-19 passengers over a 6731 nmi average range, with a $63.3M mean price.
Ultra Long Range Jets, 8 pax mission
80.3 ft
86.3 ft
42.7 ft
7.7 ft
73,000 lb
6,450 nm
96.4 ft
93.5 ft
42.6 ft
7.3 ft
91,000 lb
6,708 nm
99.4 ft
94.0 ft
43.3 ft
7.9 ft
99,500 lb
6,147 nm
99.8 ft
99.6 ft
46.8 ft
8.5 ft
99,600 lb
6,912 nm
99.8 ft
99.6 ft
46.8 ft
8.5 ft
103,600 lb
7,437 nm
are the most widespread bizliners
Business Airliner can be contracted in Bizliner.
converted into business jets are used by sports teams or
with a large entourage or press corps. Such airplanes can face operational restrictions based on runway length or local . They can be the most expensive type of private jet as they provide the greatest space and capabilities.
Aircraft of this class include:
VIP Airliners, 4/8 pax mission
118.9 ft
94.2 ft
84.3 ft
8.8 ft
737-700 (8 pax)
110.3 ft
117.4 ft
79.2 ft
11.6 ft
171,000 lb
6,237 nm
103.2 ft
111.8 ft
70.2 ft
12.1 ft
319 (8 pax)
111.0 ft
111.8 ft
78.0 ft
12.2 ft
168,650 lb
6,002 nm
129.5 ft
117.4 ft
98.3 ft
11.6 ft
123.3 ft
111.8 ft
90.3 ft
12.1 ft
138.2 ft
117.4 ft
107.2 ft
11.6 ft
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Gunston 1986, p. 65
(PDF). AMSTAT. January 2016.
(PDF). Jetcraft. October 12, 2016.
(PDF). Corporate Jet Investor. April 2013.
(PDF). . 2016.
(PDF) (Press release). . October 30, 2016.
Molly McMillin (Jan 4, 2017). . The Weekly Of Business Aviation. Aviation Week.
(PDF). . Fall 2010.
Epstein, Jonathan M. (1 October 2013). .
(consulting).
(charter).
(charter).
(PDF). Business & Commercial Aviation. Aviation Week. May 2016.
Variable costs only excluding capital, annual costs and crew : fuel, maintenance, reserves, misc. . . 16 November 2015.
(carrier).
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Chad Trautvetter (17 June 2010). . .
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