i crossed the street to aviod meeting him这句话 主语谓语宾语 i 谓语crossed 宾语street to是目

英语中什么是状语,宾语,谓语
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义.一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分.句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等.句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分.1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首.如:Students study.(学生学习.) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语.2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面.如:Students study.(学生学习.) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语.3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任.放在及物动词或者介词之后.如:They are teachers.( 他们是老师.) I play with him.(我和他一起玩.) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语.4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任.形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面.如:This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩.) 这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语.5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分.常由副词担任.修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前.如:The students study hard.(这些学生学习努力.) I often write to him.(我常给他写信.) The bag is too heavy.(这个书包太重了.) 这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词,第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词,它们都作状语.6)表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态.一般由名词或者形容词担任.如:This table is long.(这个桌子是长的.) 通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句子后面.句子的成分分布如下:(定语) 主语 (状语) 谓语 (定语) 宾语 (状语) 如:(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday
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[真题备考] 雅思真题解析-剑7Test2阅读Passage1解析
来源:新东方在线
  READING PASSAGE 1
  篇章结构
  体裁& 说明文
  主题& 日本宝塔何以屹立不倒。
  结构& 第一段:阪神地震威力大,只留宝塔不倒塌。
  第二段:一九六八摩天楼,工艺刚及千年塔。
  第三段:古代工匠巧心思,千年古塔有玄机。
  第四段:中国塔内带楼梯,日本塔上加飞檐。
  第五段:中国塔上琉璃瓦,一到日本变陶砖。
  第六段:日本塔内悬中柱,此柱却非承重柱。
  第七段:中柱原来像钟摆,宝塔只摇不会倒。
  第八段:楼层之间不相连,好似帽子相堆叠。
  第九段:飞檐好似平衡杆,强震又能奈&塔&何。
  必背词汇
  第一段
  sweep&vt. 席卷,狂扫
  flatten&vt. & vi. 变平;使(某物)变平;夷为平地
  shake&vi. 摆动;震动;摇动
  seemingly&adv. 貌似;好像&
  office block&办公大楼
  flimsy&adj. 不结实的;易损坏的
  devastate&vt. 毁坏,破坏
  collapse&vi. 倒塌,塌下&
  magnificent&adj. 壮丽的,宏伟的
  disastrous&adj. 灾难性的,造成灾害的
  unscathed&adj. 未受伤的,无恙的
  topple&v. 震倒&
  level&vt. 使平(坦);使成平面
  elevated highway高架公路
  第二段
  mystify&vt. 使(某人)困惑不解;使迷惑
  absorber&n. 减震器;吸收器
  slender&adj. 高挑单薄的;细长的
  dampen&vt. 【物、电】使减幅,使衰减
  erect&vt. 建起,建立&
  sideway movement&(地震中的)侧向运动
  reinforced concrete&钢筋混凝土&
  skyscraper&n. 摩天楼
  第三段
  peg&n. 钉,木钉;栓
  sway&vt. & vi. (使)摇摆,(使)摇动
  wedge&n. 楔
  settle&vt. & vi. (使)稳定;(使)平静
  hesitation&n. 犹豫,踌躇&
  fight&vt. 对抗;抗争
  trick&n. 诀窍,技巧,技艺
  第四段
  multi-storey&adj. 多层的&
  practical use&实际用途
  buddhism&n. 佛教&
  batter&vt. & vi. 连续猛击
  be attached to&附属于&
  eave&n. 屋檐
  inner staircase&内部楼梯&
  gush down&倾泻
  watchtower&n. 守望塔
  overhang&vt. & vi. 悬挂,悬垂;延伸
  be dispensed with&放弃使用;不再拥有
  第五段
  width&n. 宽度,阔度&
  earthenware&n. 陶器
  porcelain&adj. 瓷制的n. 瓷器
  第六段
  resilience&n. 弹性,弹力&
  flex&vi. 弯曲;活动
  trunk&n. 树干
  startling&adj. 令人震惊的,惊人的
  central pillar&中立柱&
  suspend&vt. 悬挂,吊
  第七段
  stationary&adj. 不动的;静止的&
  slither&vt. & vi. 滑行,滑动
  pendulum&n. 摆,钟摆&
  snake dance&蛇舞
  craftsman&n. 工匠;手艺人&
  consecutive&adj. 连续的,连贯的
  advanced&adj. 超前的,先进的&
  run up through&贯穿
  grasp&vt. 理解,领会&
  constrain&vt. 抑制,拘束
  trial and error&反复试验&
  bang&vt. 猛击,猛撞
  stack&vt. & vi. 堆积&
  transmit&vt. 传播,传导
  第八段
  taper&v. 逐渐变小,逐渐变细
  structural&adj. 结构的,构架的
  successive&adj. 连续的,次第的&
  individual&adj. 个别的,单独的,
  floor plan&楼层面
  counterpart&n. 极相似的人(或物);对应的人(或物)
  contain&vt. 包含;承担
  travel&vt. & vi. 经过;通行&
  permit&vt. & vi. 允许;许可
  第八段
  tightrope walker&走钢丝的人&
  jolt&n. 震动,摇晃
  balancing pole&平衡杆&
  abrupt&adj. 突然的,意外的
  mass&n. 质量,重量&
  anticipate&vt. 预期,预料;占先
  respond to&对&&作出反应
  难句解析
  1. It was only thirty years ago that the building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors.
  参考译文:仅仅在30年前,建筑界的从业者们才有足够信心建造高于十二层的钢筋混凝土办公大楼。
  语言点分析:
  (1)It was... that... 是一个强调句型,一般是It is / was+被强调部分+that / who... ,对于这个结构,需要注意以下几点:
  ①强调句型中的系动词只能用is或was;
  ②被强调部分如果是人,可以用who或that,其他情况只用that;
  ③在not... until句型里,如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时,not应紧跟until,即构成It is not until... that结构。例如:
  It is not until Jack told me the truth that I realized she was protecting me all the time.
  直到杰克告诉我真相,我才知道原来她一直在保护我。
  It was not until the second year that he has adapted himself to the college life.
  直到第二年他才适应了大学生活。
  It was not until the deadline that he handed in his paper.
  直到最后期限,他才交上论文。
  注意:如果被强调的是原因状语从句,只能由because引导,不能由since, as或why引导。例如:
  It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the customer.
  她不知道如何应付这种客户是因为她太缺乏经验了。
  (2)形容词+enough+to do sth. 例如:
  She is finally confident enough to make a public speech.
  她终于有了足够的信心,能够当众演讲。
  Are you man enough to accomplish this challenging task?
  你有没有足够的男子汉气概来完成这项艰巨的任务?
  enough的其他用法。例如:
  I can't thank you enough. 我真不知道怎么感谢您。
  You know well enough what I mean. 你很明白我的意思。
  Enough is as good as a feast. 知足常乐。
  Once is more than enough. 一次已经够过分了!
  (3)dozen单复数相同,表示一打,就是十二个。例如:
  a dozen eggs一打鸡蛋&&half dozen bottles of wine六瓶酒
  three dozen pencils三打铅笔
  其他一些有趣的数字表达:
  gross罗,即为12打,例如:a small gross 10打a great gross 12罗
  2. Another strange feature about Japanese pagoda is that, because the building tapers, with each successive floor plan being smaller than the one below, none of the vertical pillars that carry the weight of the building is connected to its corresponding pillar above.
  参考译文:日本宝塔另外一个奇怪特征就是没有一根承重立柱能和上层相应的立柱连在一起,这是因为日本宝塔每一层的楼层面都比下一层的要小,宝塔于是从下往上逐渐变细。
  语言点分析:
  (1)本句的主干成分是一个表语从句,主语是another strange feature about Japanese pagoda, is是系动词,that引导表语从句,because引导表语从句中的原因状语,表语从句的主语是none of the vertical pillars,其后的that引导定语从句,表语从句的谓语是is connected to,宾语是its corresponding pillar above。with each successive floor plan being smaller than the one below是一个由with引导的独立主格结构,作为the building tapers这个句子的原因状语存在。
  (2)下面比较全面地为考生解读一下独立主格结构:非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们便称之为独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)。其实,所谓&独立主格结构&也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。介词with / without+宾语+宾语补足语可以构成独立主格结构。
  &with+名词/代词+形容词,例如:
  He doesn't like to sleep with the windows open. 他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
  (=He doesn't like to sleep when the windows are open.)
  He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. 他站在雨中,衣服湿透了。
  (=He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.)
  注意:在&with+名词/代词+形容词&构成的独立主格结构中,也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。例如:
  With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.
  由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很难过。
  With his father well-known, the boy didn't want to study. 老子如此出名,儿子不想读书。
  &with+名词/代词+副词,例如:
  Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都打开时,我们的学校看上去更美。
  (=Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.)
  The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前,小孩在后走着。
  (=The boy was walking and his father was ahead.)
  &with+名词/代词+介词短语,例如:
  He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 此处with可以省略:
  He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑。
  (=He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.)
  Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.
  文森特坐在课桌前,嘴里衔着一支笔。
  (=Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.)
  &with+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式,例如:
  With his homework done, Peter went out to play. 作业做好了,彼得出去玩了。
  (=When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.)
  With the signal given, the train started. 信号发出了,火车开动了。
  (=After the signal was given, the train started.)
  I wouldn't dare go home without the job finished. 工作还没完成,我不敢回家。
  (=I wouldn't dare go home because the job was not finished.)
  &with / without+名词/代词+动词的-ing形式,例如:
  The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.
  有这么多的孩子坐在他周围,那男子感到很高兴。
  (=The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.)
  The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
  小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在哪里。
  (=The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.)
  Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
  他趁没人注意的时候,从窗口溜走了。
  (=When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.)
  &with+名词代词+动词不定式,例如:
  The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
  有这么多的家庭作业要做,小男孩看上去很伤心。
  (=The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.)
  The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
  有这么多的名胜可参观,小孩很激动。
  (=The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.)
  注意:在with和without的复合结构中,多数情况下with能省略,但without不能省略。例如:
  Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
  她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。(without不能省略)
  独立主格结构的句法功能:
  独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外,还能作定语。在形式上,独立主格结构可位于句首、句中或句尾,并通常用逗号与主句隔开。
  a. 作状语
  独立主格结构作状语时,其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
  (1)表时间,例如:
  Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.
  夜幕降临,我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。
  (=When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.)
  With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.
  买好了所需的一切东西后,格雷斯打车回家了。
  (=After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.)
  (2)表原因,例如:
  With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected President is having a hard time.
  有许多难题要解决,新当选的总统日子并不好过。
  (=As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected President is having a hard time.)
  There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.
  由于在半夜没有交通工具了,他只好步行回家。
  (=As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)
  (3)表条件,例如:
  Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.
  如果天气允许的话,我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。
  (=If weather permits, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.)
  All the work done, you can have a rest. 所有工作做好后,你可以休息。
  (=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.)
  Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.
  如果从各方面考虑,你的计划似乎更实际些。
  (=If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.)
  TIPS:表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首,并且不能保留连词。
  【误】When class being over, the students left their classroom.
  【正】Class(being)over, the students left their classroom. 下课了,学生都离开了教室。
  【误】The moon appearing and they continued their way.
  【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way. 月亮出来了,他们继续赶路。
  (4)表伴随情况或补充说明例如:
  The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.
  那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖。
  (=The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.)
  The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
  杀人犯被带了进来,手被捆在背后。
  (=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.)
  Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
  有两百人在事故中丧生,其中许多是儿童。
  (=Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.)
  b. 作定语
  独立主格结构作定语,其功能相当于一个定语从句。例如:
  He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. (with的复合结构作定语,修饰the student)
  他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。
  (=He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.)
  You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off. (with的复合结构作定语,修饰bottle)
  你可以使用一个去颈的大塑料瓶。
  (=You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.)
  He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.
  他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。(without的复合结构作定语,修饰the road)
  (=He was walking along the road that didn&t have any street lights on its both sides.)
  TIPS:我们讨论了很多用连词连接的两个句子改为独立主格结构的情况。需要注意的是,并非所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构。例如:
  If you stand on the top of the mountain, the park looks more beautiful.
  如果你站在山顶上,公园看上去更美。(不能改为独立主格结构)
  If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.
  如果你仔细检查试卷的话,有些错误是可以避免的。(不能改为独立主格结构)
  试题解析
  Questions 1-4
  &题目类型:YES / NO / NOT GIVEN判断题
  &题目解析:
  1. Only two Japanese pagodas have collapsed in 1400 years.
  2. The Hanshin earthquake of 1995 destroyed the pagoda at the Toji temple.
  3. The other buildings near the Toji pagoda had been built in the last 30 years.
  4. The builders of pagodas knew how to absorb some of the power produced by severe weather conditions.
  Questions 5-10
  &题目类型:MATCHING搭配题
  &题目解析:
  此题是一道A / B/BOTH型MATCHING题:题目形式多为文中出现X和Y两样事物,并且在某几段将两者加以比较(当然这种比较是比较隐晦的),然后题目中问:请问下列这些特点,哪些是A特有的;Y特有的;X和Y共有的;X和Y都没有的。
  TIPS:当然要先从X和Y特有的下手,至于都没有的,用排除法吧。另外,根据上一大题可以断定此题答案的位置基本集中在文章第四、五段。
  Questions 11-13
  &题目类型:MULTIPLE CHOICES选择题
  &题目解析:
  参考译文
不倒塔的秘密&
  在日本这块台风横扫地震频发的土地上,有500多座国内最高但看起来最脆弱的老建筑&&木质宝塔&&居然矗立了数个世纪,这是为什么呢?有记录显示,在过去的1400年间,只有两座倒塌了。其他消失的塔都毁于由闪电或内战而引起的大火。1995年灾难性的阪神地震致使6400人丧生,毁坏了高架公路,夷平了办公大楼并且将神户港口区域摧毁殆尽。尽管大地震将京都附近的东寺(Toji temple)周围的大量建筑夷为平地,可寺里宏伟的五层宝塔却完好无损。
  多年来日本学者一直迷惑为什么这些细长的建筑物能如此稳固。仅仅在30年前,建筑界的从业者们才有足够信心建造高于十二层的钢筋混凝土办公大楼。位于东京市中心、高达36层的霞关(Kasumigaseki)大厦是日本第一座摩天大楼,由于运用了特殊的减震装置来减弱地震中突如其来的侧向运动,在1968年建成之时被认为是现代工程学上的里程碑。
  然而早在公元826年,建筑大师Kobodaishi仅仅使用木栓和楔子就能使他的木质建筑屹立不倒了。大师毫不犹豫地将他的东寺大宝塔矗立起来,宝塔拔地而起55米,高耸入云,这高度可相当于11个世纪之后才建成的霞关摩天大楼的一半啊。显而易见,当时的日本木匠懂得一些窍门让建筑物可以顺风摇摆,不与自然力量对抗,而是顺应自然,从而稳稳矗立。但究竟是什么样的窍门呢?
  6世纪时,多层宝塔从中国传入日本。像在中国一样,这些宝塔最初是随着佛教而被引进的,往往建在重要的寺庙内。中国人用砖石来造宝塔,内设楼梯,后来这些宝塔就主要用作守望塔。然而当这些宝塔传入日本时,其建筑风格被大刀阔斧地加以改动以适应当地的情况。宝塔高度降低,通常是五层而不是中国的九层,大多为木质结构。日本宝塔没有什么实用性,更多是当作艺术品,所以没有楼梯。由于每年夏天日本都会遭到台风的蹂躏,日本的建筑者们学会了将建筑物的屋檐远远延伸到墙外面去。这样雨水就不会倾泻到墙上。中韩两国的宝塔就没有日本宝塔这样的悬空屋檐。
  日本寺庙建筑的屋檐悬垂于建筑物的侧面之外部分的宽度达到建筑物总宽的一半或更多。出于同样的原因,日本宝塔的建造者们通过采用较重的陶瓦来覆盖这些延伸的屋檐从而大量增加自身的重量,而不像许多中国宝塔那样采用瓷瓦。
  但这并不能完全解释日本宝塔所具有的巨大弹性。答案难道是这样的吗?就像高大的松树那样,日本宝塔拥有巨大的柱子,比如被称为shinbashira的中柱,在台风或是地震中这个中流砥柱可以弯曲和摇摆?几个世纪以来,很多人都这样认为。但答案没有这么简单,因为让人惊讶的是中柱并没有承担任何重量。事实上,在某些日本宝塔中,中柱甚至并未接触到地面,而是从塔的顶部悬吊下来,从建筑物的中部松松地垂下。整个建筑的重量完全依托在12根外柱和4根内柱上。
  那中柱究竟有什么作用呢?理解它的作用的最好办法就是去观看由京都工艺纤维大学的建筑工程师Shuzo Ishida所制作的视频。由于热衷研究日本宝塔,Ishida先生被学生戏称为&宝塔教授&。他制作了一系列的宝塔模型并且在实验室中的振动台上进行试验。简而言之,中柱就像一个巨大的静止钟摆。在明显没有先进数学运算辅助的情况下,古代的工匠似乎就已经掌握了1000多年后用于建设日本第一座摩天大楼的原理。通过不断摸索,反复试验,古代工匠们终于发现了其中的奥妙:在压力下,宝塔松散堆叠的楼层可以被造得能够独立蜿蜒前行或后退。从侧面看,宝塔就像在跳蛇舞,因为连在一起的每个楼层都以与上下层相反的方向移动。中柱从建筑物中央的孔贯穿而下,使得单个楼层不会移得太远,因为每移动一段距离之后,楼层就会撞上中柱,能量也就通过柱子转走了。日本宝塔另外一个奇怪特征就是没有一根承重立柱能和上层相应的立柱连在一起,这是因为日本宝塔每一层的楼层面都比下一层的要小,宝塔于是从下往上逐渐变细。换句话说,一座5层高的日本宝塔里甚至没有一根柱子从下往上贯穿宝塔,来承担建筑物的重量。更令人惊讶的是日本宝塔的每一个单独楼层间实际上都不相连,这一点不同于其他任何地方的同类建筑。它们就像一摞帽子一样只是被一层一层地叠加起来。有意思的是,现在的日本建筑规定可不允许这种建筑形式的存在。
  那么关于超宽的房檐又做何解释呢?就把它们看成走钢丝演员手里的平衡杆吧。平衡杆两端的重量越大,走钢丝演员在行走过程中就越容易掌握平衡。日本宝塔与此同理。Ishida先生说:&日本宝塔所有侧面的屋檐都向外延展,就好像平衡杆一样,这样建筑物就算在地震最强烈的震动中也能优雅地摆动,而从不突然晃动。日本千年前的建筑大师们再次预先使用了现代结构工程学的理念。
  背景知识&
  Tō-ji (东寺) is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon sect in Kyoto, Japan. Its name means East Temple, and it once had a partner, Sai-ji& (West Temple). They stood alongside the Rashomon, the gate to the Heian capital. It is formally known as Kyō-ō-gokoku-ji (教王护国寺The Temple for the Defense of the Nation by Means of the King of Doctrines) which indicates that it previously functioned as a temple providing protection for the nation. Tō-ji is located in Minami-ku near the intersection of miya Street and Kujō Street, southwest of Kyoto Station.
  Tō-ji was founded in the early Heian period. The temple dates from 796, two years after the capital moved to Heian-kyō.
  Tō-ji is often associated with Kōbō Daishi (Kūkai). The well-known Buddhist priest was put in charge of Tō-ji in 823 by order of Emperor Saga. The temple's principal image is of Yakushi Nyorai, the Medicine Buddha.
  The pagoda of Tō-ji stands 54.8 m high, and is the tallest wooden tower in Japan. It dates from the Edo period, when it was rebuilt by order of the third Tokugawa Shogun, Iemitsu. The pagoda has been, and continues to be, a symbol of Kyoto. Entrance into the pagoda itself is permitted only a few days a year.
  The buildings at Tō-ji house a variety of ancient Buddhist sculptures. The grounds feature a garden and pond, in which turtles and koi swim. The grounds also house an academically rigorous private school, Rakunan, from which many students are sent to elite universities.
  Recognizing the historical and spiritual significance of Tō-ji, UNESCO designated it, along with several other treasures in Kyoto Prefecture, as part of the &Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto& World Heritage Site.
  On the 21st of each month, a famous flea market is held on the grounds of Tō-ji. This market is popularly called Kōbō-san, in honor of Kōbō Daishi, who died on March 21st. The flea market features a variety of antiques, art, clothes, pottery, some food, and typical second-hand flea market goods. By far the largest market is held on December 21st, as it is the last of the year.
  A similar market is held on the 25th of every month at Kitano Tenmangu, also called Tenjin. A Kyoto proverb proclaims, &Fair weather at Tō-ji market means rainy weather at Tenjin market, &calling to mind Kyoto's fickle weather.
  A smaller, less-crowded, antique-oriented market is held at the Tō-ji grounds on the first Sunday of each month.
  On July 7, 2007 one of the Live Earth concerts (raising awareness for the earth's climate) was staged at Tō- artists who played included Bonnie Pink, Michael Nyman, Rip Slyme, UA and the Yellow Magic Orchestra.
  The Great Hanshin Earthquake (阪神& 淡路大震灾Hanshin-Awaji Daishinsai), or Kobe Earthquake as it is more commonly known outside Japan, was an earthquake that occurred on Tuesday, January 17, 1995, at 05: 46 JST in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It measured 6.8 on the Moment Magnitude Scale (USGS), and Mj7.3 on the revised (7.2 on the old) JMA magnitude scale. The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The focus of the earthquake was located 16 km beneath its epicenter, on the northern end of Awaji Island, 20 km away from the city of Kobe.
  Approximately 6, 434 people lost their lives (final estimate as of December 22, 2005); about 4, 600 of them were from Kobe. Among major cities, Kobe, with its population of 1.5 million, was the closest to the epicenter and hit by the strongest tremors. This was Japan's worst earthquake since the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923, which claimed 140, 000 lives. It caused approximately ten trillion yen in damage, 2.5% of Japan's GDP at the time. Based on the average currency conversion rate over the following 500 days of 97.545 yen per USD, the quake caused $102.5 billion in damages.
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