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Design Of Future SystemsDesign Of Future SystemsIan Page Head of Hardware Compilation Research Group, Computing Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QD, U.K.This paper...
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FuTURE B3G系统现场集成试验摘要针对B3G系统现场试验的主要特征和面临的技术挑战，文章重点介绍了B3G系统集成测试体系、主要测试内容以及现场试验基本情况。关键词：B3G系统，3G针对B3G系统现场试验的主要特征和面临的技术挑战，文章重点介绍了B3G系统集成测试体系、主要测试内容以及现场试验基本情况。1、B3G系统集成试验研究背景和必要性信息技术的迅猛发展以及人们对宽带业务日益增长的需求...
The Future of Reconfigurable Computing A “Small Matter of Programming”OutlineCreditsHow We Got to This TalkA Recap of HistoryA Small Matter of ProgrammingThe Path Forward...
thank you very much ,in the future,I will give my best for you ....
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缩写 英文全称 中文
A accepted 承兑
A&C addenda and corrigenda 补遗和勘误
A.C.V actual cash value 实际现金价值
a.d., a/d after date 开票后、出票后
a/c no. account number 帐户编号、帐号
a/c, A/C account current 往来帐户、活期存款帐户
a/c, A/C, Acct. account 帐户、帐目
A/CS Pay. accounts payable 应付帐款
A/P account paid 已付账款
A/P account payable 应付帐款
A/P accounting period 会计期间
A/P advise and pay 付款通知
A/R at the rate of 以……比例
A/R, A/CS Rec. accounts receivable 应收帐款
A/S, a/s after sight 见票即付
A/S，acc/s account sales 承销帐、承销清单，售货清单
abs. abstract 摘要
Acc. acceptance 往来帐户
Acc., Acpt. acceptance or accepted 承兑
Accrd.Int accrued interest 应计利息
Acct. accountant 会计师、会计员
Acct. accounting 会计、会计学
Acct.No. account number 帐户编号、帐号
Acct.Tit. account title 帐户名称、会计科目
ACT advance corporation tax 预扣公司税
ad.val., A/V ad valorem to
according value
ADRS asset depreciation range system 固定资产分组折旧法
Adv. advance 预付款
AJE adjusting journal entries 调整分录
Amt. amount 金额、总数
Ann. annuity 年金
ATC average total cost 平均总成本
ATM at the money 仅付成本钱
ATM Automatic Teller Machine 自动取款机（柜员机）
Aud. auditor 审计员、审计师
Av. average 平均值
缩写 英文全称 中文
B share B share B股
b&b bed & breakfast 住宿费和早餐费
b.b. bearer bond 不记名债券
B.B., B/B bill book 出纳簿
B.C. bank clearing 银行清算
b.c. blind copy 密送的副本
b.d.i. both dates inclusive 包括头尾两天
b.e., B/E bill of exchange 汇票
b.l., B/L bill of lading 提货单
b.o.m. bill of materials 用料清单
b.o.p. balance of payments 收支差额
b.p., B/P bills payable 应付票据
B.P.B bank post bill 银行汇票
b.r., B/R, B.rec. bills re
正在加载中，请稍后...宝贝的英文单词缩写_英语单词
宝贝的英文单词缩写
学习啦【英语单词】 编辑：楚欣
　　宝贝有两种解释。第一种解释把&宝&与&贝&都看成是名词，把&宝贝&看成名词与名词联合的词组。这样的话，&宝&指收藏品，特指瓷器收藏品，尤指可以买卖的收藏品;&贝&指&钱币&。&宝贝&可以理解为&收藏品和钱币&。第二种解释把&宝&看成形容词，意为&珍贵的&;把&贝&理解为海贝，是名词。则&宝贝&是偏正式词组。这个偏正词组的意思是&宝贵的海贝&。那么，你知道宝贝的英文单词缩写怎么说吗?
　　宝贝　[bǎo b&i]
　　宝贝的英文单词释义:
　　darling
　　宝贝的英文单词例句:
　　宝贝儿，晚饭来点蔬菜汤还是红辣椒?
　　Would you like vegetable soup or chili for dinner tonight?
　　大宝贝，别哭了!
　　Stop blubbering, you big baby!
　　她是小宝贝!
　　She's a little danlirg!
　　我的宝贝儿!
　　My dearest treasure!
　　你喜欢混血儿宝贝吗?。
　　You like the person of mixed blood treasure?
　　原本书上的织图是小宝贝的斗篷，
　　The original pattern in the book was a baby poncho.
　　他那宝贝的鹰已经不在他的手腕上，飞走了。
宝贝的英文单词缩写
　　His pet hawk had left his wrist and flown away.
　　我的所有的文件都被他可爱的的小宝贝毁了。
　　All my papers were destroyed by his lovely baby.
　　小宝贝的降生给全家带来了欢笑。
　　The coming of the baby brought joy to the whole family.
　　这是他最宝贝的道具，为了用好它库帕真是费尽心思。
　　These mislaid people are hunting for a fort.
　　1. We wondered what the future would hold for our baby son. 我们不知道宝贝 儿子长大了会怎样。
　　2. These books are still among my most treasured possessions. 这些书仍然是我最珍爱的宝贝 之一。
　　3. Ex-forces personnel could be the manna from heaven employers are seeking. 当过兵的人大概是雇主们寻找的宝贝 了。
　　4. He called the Polaroid camera a godsend to his work. 他称宝丽来照相机是老天爷特意为他的工作赐予的宝贝 。
　　5. &I want to go with you, Daddy.&&&Now, now, sweetheart.& &爸爸，我想和你一起去。&&&&好吧，好吧，小宝贝 。&
　　6. His greatest treasure is his collection of rock records. 他最珍爱的宝贝 是他收藏的摇滚唱片。
　　7. The baby went naked on the beach. 这个小宝贝 光着身子在沙滩上。
　　8. &You want more?& roared Claire. &Forget it, honey.& &你还想要?&克莱尔吼道。&想都别想，宝贝 。&
　　9. Hush, my love, it's all right. 嘘，宝贝 ，没事了。
　　10. I opened by saying, &Honey, you look sensational.& 我第一句话是，&宝贝 ，你看起来真是美极了。&
　　11. Have you seen my keys, honey? 你见到我的钥匙了吗，宝贝 ?
　　12. Ruth, lovey, are you there? 鲁思，宝贝 ，你在吗?
　　13. He seems to think he's God's gift to women. 似乎他认为自己是上帝赐给女人的宝贝 .
　　14. She's a little darling! 她是小宝贝 !
　　15. Come here, my honeys. 到这儿来, 我的宝贝 们.
　　16. That car is a honey. 那辆轿车是个宝贝 .
　　17. She came and put her arms around me. &You poor lamb. What's wrong?& 她走过来搂着我。&可怜的宝贝 ，出什么事儿啦?&
　　18. I know how to make you feel better, sugar. I'lltell you a story. 宝贝 ，我知道怎么能让你感觉好些，我给你讲个故事。
　　19. I want this baby very much, because it certainly will be the last. 我很爱这个小宝贝 ，因为它肯定是我最后一个孩子了。
　　20. & All right, my dear,'said Mrs. Hurstwood. & Don't be gone long. & & 好吧, 宝贝 , &赫斯渥太太说, & 别去太久了.
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【英语单词】图文推荐
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学习啦 版权所有口译听力笔记简写符号
口译听力笔记简写符号
一、地名简写
高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来．会很费时间。因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中，比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。
&&&& 有时还可以借助“|－”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。例如：the Republic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜)，表示为“－K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea（DPRK，北朝鲜）, 就可以表示为“K－”, Central London,表示为LD。Western Europe（西欧）表示为“|EU”，Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
Eastern Europe, South Africa, North China, Western Germany, South Asia，Central Ital
二、缩略词
英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：
（一）拿掉所有元音
（二）保留前几个字母
information
In stead of
（三）保留开头和结尾个发音字母
（四）根据发音
（五）高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表
Accountant
Advertisement
As much/many as possible
Certificate
Compete/competitive
Communication
Department
Information
In stead of
Memorandum
Extra large
三、字母、图像
&表示“人”people/person，因为“ｏ”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：Jｏ。
&表示政府，统治：government，govern
希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZ
&表示政治：politics, political
希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZ
&表示效率：efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
&表示“通货膨胀”：inflation
因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
&表示农业: agriculture.
agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
&表示商业：business。
&表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation
“C?”中的“?”表示反对，字母“C”将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。
&表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而 “ Z” (小圆圈)在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee。
&表示工业: industry, industrial
字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
&U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。
如果在U内填入2，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为trilateral (三边的)。
填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。
如果在U上加一个“/”表示谈判破裂。
&表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等：country, state, nation, etc.
gO表示进口，Og表示出口
&这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。
那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.
&表示“领导人”：leader, head
那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT
&圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium
&这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示“捕鱼业”等合fishery 有关的词汇。
&圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.
&表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.
&表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.
&表示听到、众所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.
&表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don’t care much, etc.
&表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.
表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.
表示屈服：submit to
&表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.
表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate
&表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.
表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.
表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc
&表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, roller coaster, etc.
五、数学符号
&表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.
&表示“多”的比较级：more
&表示“多”的最高级：most
&表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.
&表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.
&表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.
表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.
&表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.
表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.
&表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.
表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.
&表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.
&表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.
表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.
&表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc.
&表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.
六、标点等
&表示各种各样“说”的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.
&表示“问题”：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?
&这个“.”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样
“.d”表示yesterday, “.y”表示last year, “.2m”表示two month ago。Wk表示week
“y”表示this year, “y2.” two year later
“next week”, 可以表示为“wk.”
&表示转折but yet however
&表示“好的”状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.
表示“同意”状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.
&表示“重要的”状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.
&表示“交流”状态：exchange，mutual, etc.
&表示“和”，“与”：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc.
&表示“结束”：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.
七、较长单词的处理办法
&简写为& m
&例如：socialism
&简写为& n
&例如：standardization (标准化)
&简写为& o
&例如：technician
&简写为& g
&例如：marketing (市场营销)
&简写为& d
&例如：accepted
&简写为& mt
&例如：amendment
-able/ible/ble
&简写为& bl
&例如：available
&简写为& fl
&例如：meaningful
口译笔记符号（若干）
新东方听力口语部 龚学众
翻译笔记原则：
学会一字等于一句，看一字想一句，看一句知一句。
一． 以符号代文字
以下各符号均可在记录中代替文字
1． 数学符号
boost, improve, enhance, strengthen :
divided by: ?
degree: ℃
percent: %
per thousand: ‰
between:|.|
because, because of, due to: ∵
therefore, so, as a result, consequently: ∵
plus or minus: ?
versus, the ratio of, divided by :
so on, etc, and so forth : ???
is (much) greater/bigger/larger/faster/quicker/heavier/older… superior to, surpass:&
is (much) less/smaller/lighter/younger/fewer/inferior to/worse than…: &
not equal to :?
not less than:
varies as, in direct proportion to: ∝或∞
parallel, is parallel to : ‖
right angle: ∟
perpendicular, is perpendicular to: ⊥
circle, circumference: ○
ellipse: 0
diameter: θ
triangle, delta : △
pressure, influence:⊥(竖线为向下箭头)
approximately, about, nearly, around,almost: ≈
as always, 一直，总是， 一贯：≡
contact, exchanges:∞
conflicts, disputes, contradictions: &&
belong to, is of ,of: ∈
win, success :
by, with, %, in:
as always, hold on, persist, insist on :
wonder, miracle : !
On the one hand:
On the other hand: ∕
Relation, relationship: &
Not agree:
Fine, good:
Better, much better:
Bad, weak: -
Worse, weaker: - -
conclusion :
Representative, delegation, delegation: △
sterling, pound: ￡
US dollar: US$
renminbi: RMB: ￥
Australian dollars: #A
Austrian schillings: Sch
Canadian dollars: Can$
Eurodollar: ?/FONT&
New Zealand dollars: NZ$
Japanese yen:
the day before yesterday: ”d
yesterday: ’d
tomorrow: d’
the day after tomorrow: d’ ’
day by day, everyday: dd
last night:’n
tonight: n
next night: n’
the week before last: ”w
last week: ’w
this week: w
next week: w ’
the week after next : w’’
Monday: 1w
Tuesday: 2w
Wednesday: 3w
Thursday: 4w
Friday: 5w
Saturday: 6w
Sunday: 7w
the month before last: ”m
last month: ’m
this month: m
next month: m’
the month after next: m’’
12月上旬、中旬、月底/下旬：12、12、 12
January: 1m
February: 2m
August: 8m
September: 9m
October: 10m
November: 11m
December: 12dm
last year: ’y
this year: y
next year: y’
the year after next: y’’
1949年前：/49
1949年后：49/
1949年底：49
uo to now, until:
since,ever since: ┠
山水之间：ω∕∽
4．度量衡：
centimeter: cm
minimeter: mm
nautical mile: nm
①数字全用阿拉伯数字代替
②000：， 例如，65000：65，； ，，
1978： ’78
. , 例如，700： 7.
6．介词、连词：
because, because of, due to: ∵
therefore, so, as a result, consequently: ∵
about: around,: ≈
above, on, over:某文字或符号上加一点?，如“河上：
after: |, 例如，20年以后： 20y?
before, beyond, in front of: ?| 例如，20年以：? 20y
below, beneath, under: 某文字或符号下加一点?，如“水下：～符号下加?”
inside, within，include : ( )
therefore, so, as a result, consequently: ∵
增，升，加，长，上：
arise, ascend, climb, develop， grow, rise, go up, , get up, increase, roar, skyrocket，soar, strengthen, up: ↑
降，减，下：
down, to, decline，descend, drop，fall, go down, reduce, shrink: ↓
and，in addition to， furthermore, further, more: +
arrive in, cause, come to，export to, give to, lead to, present to, result to, send to, submit to:→
come from, import from, receive from: ←
9．好坏、好恶：
bad, wrong, faulty, false, hate, notorious, incorrect: x
accept, agree, certain, correct, famous，fine, good, like, love, right, affirmative,
satisfy, sure, want, well-known:√ 例如，“我赞成你的观点：I √ ur ? ”
10.辩论，说，观点、协议：
①comment, say, speak: ∶
②观点viewpoint、看法、难点,point：?，如“我说几点：I :几?”，
③agreement, accord, treaty, contract: ∪，例如：双边协议：2∪
11．公用标志：
copy right:
registered mark:
12．会见、会议：
conference, discussion, meet, meeting, negotiation, seminar, workshop:⊙，例如：三边圆桌会议：3⊙
13．国家、政治、民族：
①country, state, nation: □
②政府：zf
③leader, manager, president, schoolmaster, director：∧
14。江河湖海水：
ocean, sea, river, lake, brook, stream: ～
15：桌，椅，凳，几，床，楼，房：
︹，如：“在椅子上：︹（上加一短横）”，“在桌子下：︹ （下加一短横）”
16．all in all, finally, in conclusion, in a word, totally:
17．hills, mountain：
ω， 如“ 山上： “ω”上加一点; “爬山：／ω”
18．look, look after, look into, investigate, witness: 横椭圆中间加一点，如“我今天来看看：I d (横椭圆中间加一点) u”
19. anger, excited, happy: !
20. why when, where, which, who, how:
? 加最后一个字母 ,例如，“你去哪：? U →”特殊符号：
and, with, together with, accompany : +
too, to, two: 2
include, inclusive, including, among, inside, within : ( )
maintaining peace and stability: ◎
二． 以首字母代文字
ac: aircraft
as soon as possibly: asap
as early as possible: aesp
at least: al
carbon copy: cc
care of: c/o
联合国儿童基金会：UNICEF
联合国教科文组织：UNESCO
。。。。。。
三． 中英(符号)混合代文字
资本主义：资’
四个现代化：4m
peace-keeping: 维p
oppose, against, disagree: o反， a反， d反
第三世界：3w
中国人：ch人
四． 以缩写代文字
acknowledge: ack
advice: adv
after: aft
五． 以汉字代英文
sentence: 句
六． 以前三个字母代替长单词
cor= corporation
七．特简符号：
口译笔记速记符号归总
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:
Abbreviations in Note taking
Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.
Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.
S& &=& &sum
f& &=& &frequency
Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.
cf& &=& &compare
e.g.& &=& &example
dept& &=& &department
Use only the first syllable of a word.
pol& &=& &politics
dem& &=& &democracy
lib& &=& &liberal
cap& &=& &capitalism
Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.
pres& &=& &presentation
subj& &=& &subject
ind& &=& &individual
cons& &=& &conservative
Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.
assoc& &=& &associate
biol& &=& &biology
info& &=& &information
ach& &=& &achievement
chem& &=& &chemistry
max& &=& &maximum
intro&&=& &introduction
conc& &=& &concentration
min& &=& &minimum
rep& &=& &repetition
Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.
ppd& &=& &prepared
prblm& &=& &problem
estmt& &=& &estimate
bkgd& &=& &background
gvt& &=& &government&
Use an apostrophe in place of letters.
am't& &=& &amount
cont'd& &=& &continued
gov't& &=& &government
educat'l& &=& &educational
Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.
chpts& &=& &chapters
egs& &=& &examples
fs& &=& &frequencies
intros& &=& &introductions
Use g to represent ing endings.
ckg& &=& &checking
estg& &=& &establishing
decrg& &=& &decreasing
exptg& &=& &experimenting
Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.
Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.
Leave out unimportant words.
Leave out the words a and the.
If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.
Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.
&& &=& &and
w/& &=& &with
w/o& &=& &without
vs& &=& &against
\& &=& &therefore
=& & =& &is or equal
Use technical symbols where applicable.
zb& &=& &German, for example
ibid& &=& &Latin, the same work
o& &=& &degrees
H2O& &=& &water
More reference:
Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:
// parallel
Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:
eg example
IT dept Information Technology department
UK United Kingdom
Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:
mar marketing
cus customer
cli client
Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:
subj subject
budg budget
ind individual
To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:
tech'gy technology
gen'ion generalisation
del'y delivery
Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:
assoc associated
ach achievement
info information
Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:
bkgd background
mvmt movement
prblm problem
Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:
custs customers
fs frequencies
Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:
decrg decreasing
ckg checking
estblg establishing
Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:
in ，but ，as ，key
Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples:
is ，was ，were
Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples:
a ，an ，the
If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:
January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB
Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:
w/o without
vs against
Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.
Other Symbols and Abbreviations
as a result of / consequences of &---&
resulting in ---&
and / also +
equal to / same as =
following ff
most importantly *
less than &
greater than & especially esp/
（后面重复的就不打了……英文版的相信各位考口译的有这个能力看明白^_^）
口译笔记技巧与符号 英文版
==== Ask yourself ====
1.Did I use complete sentences? They are generally a waste of time.
2.Did I use any form at all? Are my notes clear or confusing?
3.Did I capture main points and all subpoints?
4.Did I streamline using abbreviations and shortcuts?
If you answered no to any of these questions, you may need to develop some new note-taking skills!
==== Guidelines for Note-Taking ====
1.Concentrate on the lecture or on the reading material.
2.Take notes consistently.
3.Take notes selectively. Do NOT try to write down every word. Remember that the average lecturer speaks approximately 125-140 words per minute, and the average note-taker writes at a rate of about 25 words per minute.
4.Translate ideas into your own words.
5.Organize notes into some sort of logical form.
6.Be brief. Write down only the major points and important information.
7.Write legibly. Notes are useless if you cannot read them later!
8.Don't be concerned with spelling and grammar.
==== Ways to Reduce and Streamline Notes ====
Eliminate small connecting words such as: is, are, was, were, a, an, the, would, this, of. Eliminate pronouns such as: they, these, his, that, them. However, be careful NOT to elimate these three words: and, in, on.
Use symbols to abbreviate, such as:
+, & for and, plus
= for equals
- for minus
# for number
x for times
& for greater than, more, larger
& for less than, smaller, fewer than
w/ for with
w/o for without
w/in for within
----& for leads to, produces, results in
&---- for comes from
For example:
"The diameter of the Earth is four times greater than the diameter of the Moon."
"Earth = 4x & diameter of Moon."
Substitute numerals with symbols, for instance:
Substitute "one" with 1
Substitute "third" with 3rd
Abbreviate:
Drop the last several letters of a word. For example, substitute "appropriate" with "approp."
Drop some of the internal vowels of a word. For example, substitute "large" with "lrg."
口译笔记常用符号及其含义
＞ 大于，多于，好于，优于
＜ 小于，少于，差于，劣于
＋ 加之，加上，表示补充
－ 减去，除去
＝ 即，等于，相当于
≠ 不等于，不相当，不是
△ 重要的（人或事），重要性
↑ 增加，发展，升高
↓ 减少，下降，恶化
→ 导致，（出口）到，指向……
← 由……导致，（进口）自……
∵ 因为，由于，多亏
∴ 所以，结果
√ 对，正确，好
? 表示否定，不……，没奏效
__ 加在词下，强调程度。如“严重”表示非常严重、极其严重
/&& 在内容上画斜杠表示否定
！ 惊叹，奇迹，需特别注意
？ 问题，疑惑，难题
： 认为，希望
*&& 表示一个想法，或表示重要的、优秀的
J 笑脸表示高兴，荣幸，好现象
L 苦脸表示难过，悲伤，忧虑，不满
○3 看似人头和耳朵，表示听说
? 右上角的圈，表示人，如中?，科?
⊥ 代表……，（打）基础
○ 地球，世界
h&& 看似椅子，表示主持，h?即主持人，主席
∪ 协议，在下凹处写2表示双边，3表示三方
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