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基本解释◎ 慨允 kǎiyǔn[kindly promise] 慷慨允诺慨允捐助反义词坚请、固辞英文翻译1. generously promise详细解释慨然允许。《醒世恒言·灌园叟晚逢仙女》：“﹝众女子﹞齐声谢道：‘得蒙处士慨允，必不忘德。’言讫而别。” 郭希仁 《从戎纪略》：“ 吴 亦慨允，拟晚四鐘开拔。”experience的形容词,experience
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experience的形容词
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第一篇:experience的形容词Review
A fund & funding A ticket & ticketing A permit & permission Insurance premium Benefits package Safety regulations Performance evaluation Expiration date Job description association extension reference preference application Issue Procedure
TOEIC Reading
Part 5 Grammer adjective
1.形容词修饰名词&形容词词尾。2. be动词，remain,become,appear等词后面一般 用形容词。consider,find,keep+宾语+形容词 3. 数量词修饰形容词。4. 形容词+介词词组 5. 托业考试高频形容词词汇 6. that从句里使用助词should的形容词有 essential, necessary, important, imperative等 7. 形容词比较级最高级& as+形容词+as
形容词 adj.
表示人或事物性质的实词。可以修饰名词或对 名词做补充说明。修饰用法：在名词前面或后面进行修饰。? eg. Useful information / something new
描述用法：在名词或代词做主语或宾语的情况下， 形容词作表语或补语对其加以补充说明。? eg. He is smart. / we think him smart.
形容词词尾
- able - ous - ive - ent(ant) - ful - ic -al - ly -y
valuable / reputable / suitable curious / obvious / various attentive / extensive / innovative hesitant / significant / excellent powerful / successful / wonderful strategic / energetic / athletic additional / beneficial / initial orderly / costly / timely funny / windy / rainy / cloudy
修饰名词的形容词（adj. + n.）
According to news reports, Shell Petrol recorded ______ profits last quarter.
B. impressively D. impressive
A. impress C. impressed
形容词接在名词后面对名词进行修饰的情况
修饰 something, anybody, someone等 以-thing, -body,-one 结尾的名词 The clients expect to see something fresh.
修饰all, every, any等后面出现的名词 The mechanic used every tool available.
作表语或补语使用的形容词
It is ______ to keep detailed notes of the conference proceedings, including the date, the time and the names of the attendee.
A. advisory C. advisedly
B. advisable D. advise
形容词作表语或补语对主语或宾语修饰时， 通常出现在下列动词后面
Be动词，become, keep, remain, stay, look, seem,
sound, feel
Find,make,consider,think.. + 宾语
Jill seemed happy / happily with her birthday present. Many graduates find it difficult / difficultly to get a job.
举例：下表所列动词后面主要使用形容词
This policy remains effective. =This policy remains to be effective.
This property deal appears profitable. =This property deal appears to be profitable. Household income seems stable. =Household income seems to be stable. He considers this program useful. =He considers this program to be useful. He keeps this program efficient. =He keeps this program to be efficient.
consider+宾语+形容 词
keep+宾语+形容词
什么时候用-ing形式？什么时候用-ed形式呢？
是interesting还是interested? eg. The orchestra conducting a musical performance at Lincoln Hall made the audience_____. (A)excite (B)excited (C)exciting (D)excitement
像interesting/ interested这样的感觉，感情的形容词， 以人为主体和对象的时候用-ed形式，以事物为主题 和对象的时候使用-ing形式。I am interested in marketing. I have an interesting marketing plan. 类似的形容词有disappointing/ disappointed, surprising/ surprised, boring/ bored, embarrassing/ embarrassed.....
数量形容词
The editor suggested that we make _____ revisions to the original copy of the book. A. a little B. much C. a few D. every many, a few, few, several, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of , a number of, an amount of, a great deal of + ??? c.n./ u.n ?? There were many/much delays due to the weather. There is not many/much time left.
（形容词+介词）短语
Although relatively new to the organization, the new recruits appeared _____ of understanding their job responsibilities quickly. B. accessible D. presentable
A. capable C. retainable
托业高频短语
Capable Beneficial Suitable Skilled Responsible Uncertain Critical Aware
of to/for for in/at for about/of of of
在某方面有能力 对…..有益 适合…. 对….. 熟悉 对….. 负责 对….. 不确定 对…..批判性的 知道….
易混淆的形容词词汇
The executive, Heathrow J. O’Brien, is __________ for finance and business development at the firm.
A. responsible C. responsive B. responsibly D. responsibility
Comparable
由于拼写相似而易混淆的形容词
相似的 比较的 相当的 Be in a comparable situation Conduct a comparative study Make a considerable effort
Comparative Considerable Considerate
可信赖的 依靠的 明显的
Be a considerate person
A dependable source of information Be dependent on natural resources Have an appreciable influence
Dependable
Dependent Appreciable Appreciative Responsible
有欣赏力的 An appreciative crowd
Be responsible for the problem
Be responsive to the needs
Responsive
Respectable respectful
值得尊敬的 Be a respectable citizen 尊重人的 Be respectful of others
看起来相似的 thorough,through,throughout
(1)thorough作为形容词有“彻底的，完全的”意思。We need to conduct a thorough revision of the book. (2)through作为介词有“通过...”的意思。through this convenient method(通过这个简洁的方法) (3)throughout作为介词有“&时间上&...最终，终于”，“& 地点，场所&...的各个角落”的意思。throughout the year 整整一年 throughout the country 全国各地
托业考试高频形容词词汇①
Additional
充足的 不断的 现在的 可预测的
An additional fee
Abundant natural resources Produce constant growth Keep up with current regulations A predictable move The probable impact A productive workforce
Constant Current Predictable Probable
有成果的 有剩余的 可达到的 价格可承受的
Productive
Surplus Achievable affordable
Surplus funds
Set achievable sales target At an affordable price
形容词词汇①
Please check the website for _____ information about the daily schedule for the package tour. A.supportive C. formidable B. additional D. overwhelming
托业考试高频形容词词汇②
Apparent 明显的 An apparent change An approximate result A brief review of the report
Approximate 近似的
Brief Conclusive Frequent Improper 简略的 决定性的 频繁的 不恰当的
A lack of conclusive evidence
Take frequent breaks Improper use of the internet
Incidental
Useful Accessible sufficient
偶然发生的 An incidental fact
有用的 可接近的 充分的 Useful information Easily accessible information Leave sufficient time for questions
形容词词汇②
You should reclaim all __________ expenses incurred during the course of your business trip.
A.economic C. incidental B. reliant D. accurate
that 从句里要使用助词should的形容词
eg. It is _____ that he complete the marketing report first because of his busy schedule. (A)good (B)original (C)essential (D)organized
that 从句里要使用助词should的形容词 eg. It is essential that he complete/completes the marketing report first because of his busy schedule.
对于下面的形容词，that从句中要出现[should+ 动词原形], 这个时候should可以省略。It is essential that we (should) comply with traffic laws. It is necessary that we (should) take care of fire accidents at all times. 除此之外，that从句中带should的形容词还有 important， imperative等
as+形容词+as
eg3. After several years of writing experience, his writing style has become as____as his English composition teacher. (A)attract (B)attractive (C)attraction (D)attractively 每年考试中都有3-4次涉及as...as的用法，主要 是考察as和as之间是使用形容词还是使用副词。
[as+形容词+as] (1)前面有be动词的时候 This plan is as effective as that one. (2)前面有remain, become, appear等动词的时候 This plan remains as effective as that one.
cute/young
Xiao Xing heavy/short Tom thin/tall J im much younger/cuter Xiao Xing is _________________ than any other one. Tom is __________________ of all. the thinnest/… Jim is ___________________of all. the heaviest/…
funny/short/tall/handsome/strong/old……
/… Zeng Zhiwei is funnier _____________ than Yao Ming. stronger /… Yao Ming is ____________________ than Liu Qian Liu Qian is ________________________of the three. the most handsome
Summary 1 1. 构成
1) 规则变化
形容词的比较等级
longer taller
nicer larger busier easier bigger hotter more useful
最高级 longest tallest
nicest largest busiest easiest biggest hottest most useful
单音节词和 少数双音节词
nice large busy easy big hot
2) 不规则变化
better worse more less
best worst most least
bad/badly/ill
many/much little
farther/further farthest/furthest
1) 和…一样 as + adj(原级) + as not (as )/so … as eg:Lucy is __________Kate. as old as They ___________________their mother. are not so tall as 她的普通话和我的一样好。Her mandarin is _____________mine. as good as 他不是和 我一样外向。He ___________________me. isn’t so outgoing as
形容词的比较级和最高级
1。单音节词在词尾加-er构成比较级， 加-est构 成最高级。2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的词只加-r或- st构成 比较级和最高级。
3.重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，应先双写 辅音字母，再加-er 或-est.
4.以辅音字母加-y 结尾的词，先把-y变为 I， 再加-er\ -est. 5.多音节和部分双音节词加more变比较级，加 most变最高级.
表示比较的基本句型:
1） （不）和…一样 as + 原级 + as not as（so）+ 原级 + as 2)….比…更 比较级 + than 3)在…（范围内）最… the + 最高级 + … in /of /among …
第一篇:experience的形容词experience 的用法
experience 英音：[iks'pi?ri?ns]美音：[?k'sp?r??ns] 名词 n. 1. 经验,体验[U][(+of/in)] She had no experience of life at all. 她毫无生活经验。Have you had any experience of teaching English? 你有过教英语的经验吗? 2. 经历,阅历[C] Please tell us about your experiences in Africa. 请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。I had a rather odd experience the other day. 前些天我有过一次相当奇怪的经历。及物动词 vt. 1. 经历;体验 The city experienced over 2,000 such incidents last year. 去年这座城市发生过二千次以上这类事件。2. 感受;遭受 He experienced a pang of sadness. 他感到一阵悲痛。
save 的用法 save 英音：[seiv]美音：[sev]
及物动词 vt. 1. 救,挽救[(+from)] He saved me from drowning. 他救了我,使我免遭溺死。The doctor saved the child's life. 这位医生挽救了孩子的生命。2. 节省,省去;避免[O1][(+from)] The computer will save us a lot of time. 电将使我们省下许多时间。These robots will save us a lot of labor. 这些机器人可以节省我们大量劳工。3. 储蓄;储存[(+for)] 4. 保留[O1][(+for)] He promised to save a room for me. 他答应给我留个房间。5. 维护,保全 6. 救(球),阻碍对方得(分) 不及物动词 vi. 1. 储蓄;积蓄[(+up/for)]
We've been saving for five years to buy a house. 为了买房子,我们已储蓄了五年。2. 节省,节约 3. 救,挽救
名词 n. 1. 救球[C] 介词 prep. 1. 除...之外
The shop is open save on Sundays. 那家商店除星期日外都营业。连接词 conj. 1. 只是,要不是 2. (用在从句主语前)除了
work 的用法
名词 n. 1. 工作;劳动;作业;事[U] It takes a lot of work to dig a deep well. 挖一口深井很费事。2. 职业,业务[U] 3. (待做的)工作;功课[U] I have to bring my work home today. 今天我得把工作带回家做。4. 成果,产品;工艺品,针线活[U] This bamboo basket is my own work. 这只竹篮是我自己编的。5. 著作,作品[P1][S1] He is making a study of William Faulkner's works. 他在研究威廉?福克纳的作品。6. 行为;作用[U] The scribbles on the wall must be the work of those children. 墙壁上的涂鸦准是那几个孩子画的。7. 【物】功[U] 8. 工厂[P][J] 9. (建筑等)工程[P] 10. 活动的机件[P] 11. 【口】相关的所有事物[the P] 不及物动词 vi. 1. 工作,劳动,干活[(+at/on)] She works in a restaurant. 她在一家饭店工作。
2. (机器等)运转,活动 The machine won't work. 机器不转了。3. (由于使用等)逐渐变动;慢慢地前进[Q] 4. 起作用;行得通 Your suggestion works well. 你的建议很有效。5. 发酵 及物动词 vt. 1. 使工作,使干活[O] Don't work yourself to death. 别拼命做了。2. 开动;操作 Please tell me how to work the machine. 请告诉我如何操纵这机器 3. 通过努力取得;靠做工取得[O] 4. 使缓慢前进;使逐渐变动[O][O8] Can you work the screw loose? 你能使这个螺钉松开吗? 5. 造成,引起;激起 This scientist worked miracles. 这位科学家创造了奇迹。6. 【口】安排 7. 经营,管理 He worked the farm with great success. 这个农场他经营得很成功。8. 影响;说服[O] I'll try to work him to my way of thinking. 我要设法说服他同意我的想法。9. 精工细做 10. 计算,算出[(+out)]
Job 的用法
名词 n. [C] 1. 工作;职业 She has a job at a children's hospital. 她在儿童医院工作。He is just the man for the job. 他做这事儿很合适。2. 零工 He did all kinds of odd jobs. 他做各种零活。The new building was a big job. 新大楼是项大工程。
3. 费力的事情[S] 4. 分内事,职责[S]
It's your job to raise funds. 筹措资金是你的事情。5. 【口】成果,成品[S1] His new novel is a superb job. 他的新小说是一部佳作。6. 【俚】犯罪行为(尤指抢劫) He got three years for pulling a job in Hong Kong. 他因在香港行窃被判刑三年。不及物动词 vi. 1. 做零工 2. 做股票经纪 3. 假公济私 及物动词 vt. 1. 代客买卖(股票等);批发(商品等) 2. 承包 3.用假公济私的手段办理
He jobbed his son into the position. 他用舞弊手段为儿子谋得这个职位。4. 临时租进和出租 形容词 a. 名词 n. 1. 约伯(男子名) 2. 约伯(《圣经》故事人物) 3. 约伯记(《圣经?旧约》中的一卷) 5. 【美】【俚】欺骗
1. 临时雇用的
第一篇:experience的形容词第二章 形容词
形容词即strong, attractive 等描述性的词汇，在句中主要作定语修饰名词，同时还可作表语、宾语补足 语等成分 第一节 形容词修饰名词 形容词最主要的功能就是修饰名词，如：modern art, electric current, great responsibility ；这一 考点在TOEFL 改错题占有相当的比例，几乎每套题都包含一道以上的题目考形容词修饰名词，主要形式是 将本应该使用形容词的位置误用为名词、副词等 例题(1) The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival. A B C D 答案：C 应改为：certain. 解释：certainty 是名词, 意为确定性, 不能修饰名词, 改为形容词certain, 表示某些 (2) Textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities. A B C D 答案：C 应改为：visual. 解释：vision 是名词, 不能修饰名词qualities, 要用它的形容词
满分网――托福――语法
13 注意1：大多数形容词既可以做定语也可以做表语, 有少数形容词一般情况下只能做表语, 比较下面两句 话The man was awake. There was an awake man. (此句错误, awake 不能做定语) 这类形容词包括alone, afraid, alike, alert, aware, alive, ashamed, content, unable 例题(1) Many television newscasters make the public an eyewitness to the news by means A B C of on-the-spot, alive reports. D 答案D 应改为：live (adj. 现场的, 实况转播的) 解释：alive 不能做定语, 只能做表语，所以应该改为live reports (现场报道) (2) Alike ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they also A B C gather data from documentary and oral sources. D 答案A
应改为：like 解释：alike 不能做定语, 只能做表语; alike/like 是TOEFL 改错中常考的考点 注意2：形容词词组修饰名词时要发生后置现象, 避免产生头重脚轻的感觉. 如：a room bare of furniture, the form dependent of the contents 等， 注意3：形容词修饰名词的语序也是TOEFL 考点之一。当多个形容词(甚至包括指示代词, 冠词和所有格) 并列放置于名词之前时, 它们之间就存在着谁排在前面, 谁排在后面的问题, 一般来说：这个排序的规则是冠词(a, an, the)/所有格(my, your 等)/指示代词(this, that 等) + 数量形容词 + 描述性形容词 + 名 词 如two young American students my three red pencils 第二节 比较级 英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级，主要有两种形式在词尾加-er (单音节形容词)，如：fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger 等； 或在词前加more (多音节形容词)，如：more useful, more complex 等 少数词比较级形式特殊，如：good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的)， 考点一 含有标志词than 1．最常见的比较级句式是由连词than 引导比较的对象， 如：It takes less time to go there by air than by train. She possesses more books than I do. He is more intelligent than I expected. than 可视为比较级的标志词，在填空题中，
满分网――托福――语法
14 空后含有than 的， 通常空格处需要填比较级， 空格前含有比较级的，通常空格处需要填than 引导的从句。例题(1) Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States. (A) coolest (B) the coolest (C) cooler (D) the cooler 答案：A 解释：标志词than 意味着应用比较级，A, B 可先排除；D 多 只有A 正确 (2) Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has. A B C D 答案：A 应改为：more 解释：标志词than 表明此句应用比较级，而不是最高级 2．为避免重复，than 之后的从句中有些成分可以省略，只把相比的部分突出出来:
情况1用指示代词that, those 来代替省略的部分, 如：The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain. (that 指代the population) His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues. (those 指代 designs) 情况2在省略的过程中，若than 之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助 动词do 来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语) 如：The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may probably contribute more to the success of a play. 例题Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals. (A) than do (B) that are having (C) which have (D) that do 答案：A 解释：空格前出现了形容词比较级，空格后是比较对象，应由than 连接，选项中只有A 符合条件，其中由 助动词do 引起了一个小倒装 考点二 (not) so /as?as 比较级特殊句式(not)so/as?as 表示“如同??一样、不如??”等意思，其结构和than 句式相仿，但 as?as 之间的形容词必须用原形，而且as?as 必须搭配使用， 如：It is as good as it looks. The boss is not so bad-tempered as you have described. 填空题中常给出句子的一部分(第一个as)，要求填出相搭配的部分(第二个as)，一定要形成对这种搭配句 式的敏感。例题：
满分网――托福――语法
15 (1) The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as ----. (A) possibly little nourishment (B) nourishment possibly little (C) little as possible nourishment (D) little nourishment as possible 答案：D 解释：空格处需要动词have 的宾语，同时包含as?as 句式，A、B 都缺少与as 搭配的结构，C 语序有误， 均可排除。D 中as?as possible, 为固定用法, 意为“尽可能”. (2) There is evidence that prehistoric humans used fire ---- 400,000 B.C. (A) so early (B) the earliest (C) as early as (D) so early that
答案：C 解释：依句意空格处需要“早在”这一意思的正确表达，只有C 符合题意，用的是比较级特殊句式as...as 考点三 the same?as 此句式也常用来表示“和??一样”，the same 和as 既可连用，也可分开使用， 如：She looks just the same as before. I got the same feeling as you did. 改错题中常将此句式误用为the same?like /than, 要练就一双火眼金睛将其识别出来 例题(1) Meadowlarks are about the same size than robins, but they have heavier bodies, A B C shorter tails, and longer bills. D 答案：B 应改为：as. 解释：the same as 是固定搭配, 表示“与．．．一样” (2) Due to sophisticated transportation networks, people can now buy the same types of A B perishable goods in Toronto like in New York City. C D 答案：D 应改为：as 解释：与the same 相搭配的只有as, like 不行 考点四 the more?，the more? 此句式常表示“越??越??”，more 在此处泛指比较级，此句式的特点是前后两句以逗号隔开，句子结 构平行，而且谓语动词一致时，为避免重复常进行省略， 如：The more she slept, the less comfortable she felt. The greater the size, the easier it is for you to spot. 填空题中常需填入两个分句之一，因此看到the more 结构，要注意选与其结构相近的另一半the more 句 式
满分网――托福――语法
16 例题(1) The greater the population there is in a locality, ----for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. (A) the greater the need there is (B) greater need (C) is there great need (D) the great need 答案：A 解释：这是典型的 “the more?,
the more?” 句式, 意为 “越?, 越?” 其逗号前后两部分结构要平行, 而且后一句可以不倒装, A 完 全符合要求. C D 都缺少此固定句式所要求的第二个比较级; B 少定冠词the. 此句亦可改写为If there is greater population in a locality, there will be greater need for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. (2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---- to the body. (A) the stress it is greater (B) greater is the stress (C) greater stress is (D) the greater the stress 答案：D 解释：此句涉及比较级的特殊句式the more..., the more..., 此句式要求前后结构平行，当谓语一致时， 后面的可省略，符合要求的只有D 考点五 no longer /not?any longer no longer /not?any longer 和no more/not?any more 都表示“不再??”, 如：He no longer smokes. / He doesn't smoke any longer. 注意no longer /not?any longer 不要混用，no more /not?any more 同理，这一句式在改错题中出现。例题(1) Although it is any longer the big business that it was in the forties, radio A B continues to be a medium of essential communication, especially at the local level. C D 答案：A 应改为：no longer. 解释根据句意此处应为否定 “不再是 ． ． ． ” ， 英文中有两种方式表达此意, no longer / not...any longer, 此句只能采用前者, 若用后者语序应为it is not the big business that it was in the forties any longer 第三节 最高级 考点一 最高级的形式 一、英文中表示最的概念时，形容词要变为最高级，其形式主要有两种在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如：low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest；
满分网――托福――语法
17 或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如：most important, most sensitive 少数词最高级形式特殊，如：good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. TOEFL 经常会出现这样的搭配most highest, 这是不对的，hightest 已经是最高级，前面当然不能在 加 most. 例题(1) The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular A B
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. Ｃ D 答案：A 应改为：easiest. 解释：easiest 本身已是最高级, most 纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 二、没有等级的形容词 有些形容词本身就具有“比?.年长”、“ 比?..优越”等含义，因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to 连用，而不和than 连用。有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义，所以就没有最高级和比较级。如absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正 确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的)，这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 例题Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. (A) most unique (B) unique (C) least unique (D)very unique 答案B 考点二 最高级前的限定词 (1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ，如the most important thing, the biggest elephant 但当最高级前有物主代词时，不需加the, 如my latest hobby, her most interesting experience (2) 形容词作表语时，最高级前通常不加限定词 如：She looks happiest whenever you are around. Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. 例题(1) Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. A B C D 答案D 应改为form the largest 解释largest 是最高级, 作group 的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the 考点三 范围词
满分网――托福――语法
18 伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语，常用of 或among 或 in 引导, 表示“在?.之中”。如of all, in the world, in the country 等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时，空格处需填最高级 例题(1) The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to A B Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world.
C D 答案：C 应改为：longest. 解释：本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 考点四 most 的其他用法 对于most 来讲，除了构成某些词最高级外，most 的用法有几点需要注意，经常成为改错题的考点1． 当most 表示大多数时，之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数，分别为most + 名词，如：most people, most Indian tribes； most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词，如：most of his paintings，most of us, most of the modern artists 2. most 有时意思等同于very, 此时most 之前用不定冠词，如a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 例题(1) The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. A B C D 答案：A 应改为：Most 解释：most 只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词，此句表示“大多数”，没必要加the. (2) The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds A B C of other cereal plants. D 答案：A 应改为：most. 解释：the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often 为固定说法,意为经常 词汇：cereal谷类的 the end.
第三章 副词
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系，相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly 构成的，但副词在句中的作用 却与形容词有较大区别，需细心领会：副词最主要的功能是作状语，用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词 短语、甚至整个句子，这些都是形容词不可替代的作用，但切记在TOEFL 题中不可修饰名词 副词可大致分为时间副词(如：now, then, recently), 地点副词（如：here, upstairs, everywhere）, 方 式副词（如：carefully, rapidly, happily）, 程度副词（如：much, quite, extremely）, 疑问副词(如how, when, where), 承接副词（如：besides, however, therefore）等等 副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同，形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词，稍有不同的是 副词最高级前的the 可用可不用，不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多，但在题干中多次出 现，可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系
满分网――托福――语法
19 第一节 副词修饰动词 修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一，此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词，被动式或进行时中
的分词形式的动词 例如：You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) It's inconvenient to contact him directly. ( 不定式中的动词) Her composition is frequently referred to as original. ( 被动式) 改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词，要注意识别 例题(1) In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the A B C 1870's or thereabouts. D 答案：C 应改为：commercially 解释：形容词commercial 不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 (2) According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. (A) facially (B) their faces (C) having facial (D) they had faces 答案：A 解释：resemble 一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的 非谓语, B、D 可先排除; facial 是形容词, 不能作have 的宾语, 因此C 肯定不对; A 是副词, 恰好修饰 动词作状语 第二节 程度副词much 等 程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于：可用来修饰比较级，表示加强或减弱程 度。如I'm much clearer about the situation now. She's not a bit more rational than you were. 注意：much 不能加形容词原形代替比较级 比如想说更有耐心：不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient； 同时more 也不能替代much 修饰比较级， 比如要说低得多：不能说more lower , 而应该说 例句：She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) 例题(1) Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. A B C D 答案：C 应改为：much faster 解释：比较级more 不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much
满分网――托福――语法
(2) Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm A B regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. C D 答案：B 应改为：more. 解释much 作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant (3) Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals A B C oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. D 考点：程度副词 答案：D 应改为：still more 解释：程度副词still 修饰比较级more 时，应置于其前, 词汇：crust地壳 silicon硅 (4) A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a A B C D swan's. 考点：程度副词 答案：A 应改为：little 解释：形容词tiny 不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little 词汇：gracefully优雅地， swan天鹅 第三节 副词在句中的位置 副词在句中的位置比较灵活，放在句首、句中、句尾都有可能，这是副词的优点，但同时给英语学习者带 来了麻烦，往往难以抉择副词的位置，TOEFL 出题者也借此大做文章，给考生制造障碍，在填空题、改错 题中都涉及语序问题 几点参考规则1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后，若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后，如She sings very well. I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now. I met just now your uncle (错) 2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前，如These two are only slightly different. right after this, very smoothly 当然，副词enough 是一个例外，要放在修饰成分的后面，如I am not good enough to do this job. (对) I am not enough good to do this job. (错)
满分网――托福――语法
21 3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前，be 动词之后，如He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play( 实意动词) tennis. He is always here at 8'clock. (be 动词之后) 4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定，原则上接近被修饰词即可，如only, even, still, perhaps, etc. 例题(1) When rainbows appear, they are always in the part of the sky opposite directly the A B C D Sun. 答案：D 应改为：directly opposite. 解释：opposite 与the Sun 构成介宾短语, 修饰副词directly 必须置于opposite 之前 (2) Amoebas are ---- small to be seen without a microscope. (A) far too (B) far and (C) so far (D) as far as 答案：A 解释：空格前是句子的主谓语，空格处需要small 的修饰语，B, C, D 都不能修饰形容词, 故选A, 由副词 too 修饰small，副词far 用来加深程度 第四节 容易混淆的词 hard (努力，副词) －hardly （几乎不，副词） close （接近，形容词） －closely（接近，副词） near （接近，形容词） －nearly （几乎，副词）， nearby (adj.邻近的) most （大多数的，形容词） －mostly（主要地，大部分 副词） late （迟、晚，形容词） －lately （最近，副词），later(adv.稍后的) high (高的，形容词) －highly (adv. 非常，大大的) 另外friendly（友好的）， lovely(可爱的、有趣的)，尽管词尾有ly, 但是都是形容词 例题(1) Chief Joseph La Flesche, a vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation A B a proud and progressive one. C D 答案：B 应改为：hard 解释：hard 和hardly 都是副词，前者表示努力地，后者表示几乎不，依据题意应改用hard 词汇：vigorous精力充沛的，progressive进步的 (2)
Glaciers that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea, break A B C D into pieces, and become icebergs.
满分网――托福――语法
22 答案：B 应改为：near 解释：nearly 是副词，意为几乎，在此句中讲不通，改为介词near 才可与名词the North and South Poles 构成地点状语 词汇：glacier冰河， iceberg冰山 (3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus are held there by electromagnetic force. A B C D 答案：B 应改为：most close 解释：副词closely 不能修饰名词electrons, 应改为形容词, close to 构成形容词短语, 作electrons 的后置定 语 词汇：electron电子, electromagnetic电磁
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