远方有一座山从不喊出自己的巍峨仿写句子巍峨的山的主语是

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“太阳虽然早已下山,但暑气并没有收敛”是否为病句?——求专业语文老师分析“太阳”放在“虽然”前边,就说明这是整句话的主语,而“暑气并没有收敛”的主语并不是“太阳”,所以我认为这是病句.但答案居然说是正确的,说这是课文中的原句.但我还是坚持我的观点,因为这错误太明显了.
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我也觉得这是错的,我只是学这个专业,不是老师其实课文里不一定都是对的,我记得鲁迅的《孔乙己》,最后那里,有个什么“大约确乎”什么的.这样的我们写出来是错的,但放在课文就是对的,还专门让我们分析过.以后大考的话应该是不会出现这样的问题,都是要经过分析才能得出的病句.
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下列句子中文言句式解析错误的一项是
A.置之(于)坐上。省略介词
B.(余)回视日观以西峰……省略主语
C.秦)因利乘便,宰割天下,分裂山河。省略主语
D.为国者无使为积威之所劫哉。介词结构后置
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扫描下载二维码只在此山中,云深不知处:主语-学路网-学习路上 有我相伴
只在此山中,云深不知处:主语
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◆◆◆◆◆◆ENGLISH & MORE◆◆◆◆◆◆在《胶囊语法》系列文章里,畅畅老师每次为大家梳理一个重要的语法点,每次一粒,考试无敌!(强行押韵)小伙伴们有什么觉得很困惑的语法点,也可以留言或者发消息哦~ (●'?'●)??~~在这篇文章里,我们会聊到:中文经常没主语,但是英语不行!主语长啥样?主语如何影响句子理解?我们先来看一首小时候背过的诗:寻隐者不遇松下问童子,言师采药去。只在此山中,云深不知处。这首诗有一个特点 -- 从标题,到诗句,一个主语都没有!因为中英文的差异,所以主语这个看似简单的成分,经常会对中国小伙伴造成困难。首先,中文是话题优先的语言,主语经常被略去,比如:“下午开会”、“下雪了”。但是英语是主语优先的语言,所以对于句子理解来说,主语在句子中是首先要搞清楚的成分。其次:中文主语一般是人或者具体的物,而英文中,主语除了人之外,还有大量抽象的事物。例如:中文:不鼓励孩子过早接触电子产品。英文:Early exposure to digital devices is not encouraged.中文:人们日益意识到互联网的巨大潜力。英文:An awareness of the potential of the Internet began to grow.可以看出,英文很喜欢用 "early exposure to digital devices"或者"an awareness" 这样的抽象名词来做主语。所以,了解英文的主语形式,不仅仅帮助我们理解句子,也能帮助我们让英文表达更加的地道。先来一张导图,看看英语主语都长啥样:搞清楚各种主语对于我们的难句分析有什么意义呢?我们逐个来说:1. 名词最为常见,但是没有看起来这么单纯可爱,稍微粗心一点,也会引起误会,例如:The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. (TPO)这句很多很多同学都理解成了:严重的沙漠化是由大面积土地,被影响的大量人口人和扭转或减缓沙漠化进程的难度导致的。细心的同学会发现:这么理解的话,逻辑不对啊!!仔细看看,真正的主语是“The extreme seriousness of desertification”,是“沙漠化的严重性”,而不是“严重的沙漠化”所以,这句要表达的意思是:沙漠化的严重性在于:受影响的土地面积大,人口多,以及扭转或减缓沙漠化进程很难。可见看清楚主语对于理解句子来说多么的重要。2. 代词代词主语其实是阅读中最让人头疼的主语形式了,因为,要搞清代词指谁,还得结合上下文……Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects,theyfollow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. (TPO)要搞懂这句意思,就得深究一下这个they指的是谁,结合上下文以推断,they指的是applied-art objects。所以句子的意思是:因为物理定律,而不是某些武断决策,决定了应用艺术品的一般形式,这些艺术品就会遵循一定的模式,因此功能形式只能在特定限度内变化。所以,要真正理解句子意思,首先要搞清楚作为主语的代词指的是谁。尤其是SAT小说里一篇里能蹦出很多个人称代词,让脸盲的孩子摸不着头脑。3. 动名词图里这个句子的主语是“walking with a friend in the dark”,意思是:在黑暗中与友同行,胜过在光面中独自行走。再来看一个难住很多小伙伴的句子:Writing about South Africa's dispossessed peopled uring the period ofapartheid, the plays of Athol Fugard brought himinto conflict with the South African government.这是一个语法改错题,原句犯了个“悬垂修饰语”的错误(也就是Writing about...的主语和被修饰的这个词“the plays of Athol Fugard”不一致)我们知道,只需要把主句主语改成AF本人就可以了。但是,实际题目并没有提供这个选项,难住了很多小伙伴。正确选项要求改成这样:Writing about South Africa's dispossessed people during the period ofapartheidbrought playwright Athol Fugardinto conflict with the South African government.粉色高亮部分是主语,
意思是:描写南非在种族隔离时期流离失所的人民,这个做法使剧作家AF卷入了与政府的矛盾。4. To do动词不定式(to do)也可以作主语,比如:To seeis to believe.眼见为实这个看起来并不难。但是,坐稳了,现在要拿个难句吓唬大家一下……But to interferebeforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare thatwhatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to theindividual, and a detriment to society, which loseswhat it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual wayof providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the qualities which are not permitted to be exercisedshall not exist.---- Harriet Taylor Mill,Enfranchisement of Women这一个句子来自SAT真题,105个字,字数快赶上一整篇高考作文了……怎么最快最准确的破解这个句子呢? 首先我们要找到句子主干!(主谓宾或者主系表结构)那么这个句子就会被简化成这样……(好像也并不简单,哈哈)Butto interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declarethat whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs,isnot only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare,butisalso the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.整个粉红色的部分,都是主语!深粉色的是主语的主干部分,浅粉色是主语里套这个的一个从句;红色的是句子的动词;绿色部分是表语。(此处需要一个吐血的表情)所以我们可以从主干部分准确快速的了解这个句子的意思:预先强加一个武断限制,并且宣称.....(宣称内容暂时省略)...不仅是对个人的不公正,也实际上规定了...(内容暂省).这样这个句子才变得稍微的approachable……接下来仔细看从句里的内容,就可以得到大致的信息:强加一个武断限制,并且宣称无论某个性别或阶层的(文中指女性)个人才能是什么,这些才能都不能施展,或者只能在特定范围内施展,这不仅是对个人的不公正,也实际上否认了(女性)不被允许施展的能力。注:provide 在这里是规定的意思,属于一个熟词僻义。此外,我给的句子意思不是精确的逐字翻译。to do 作主语的句子经常会被改写,一般会用it作形式主语,把真正的主语放到句子后面(文章开头导图里提到的的特殊形式),例如:To learn English well is important.改为:It's important to learn English well.主要目的也是为了把长而容易混淆的主语甩到后面,显得句式清晰。5. 主语从句主语从句指的就是把句子拿来当成名词来用,在主句里充当主语,比如:That the earth is round is an established truth.地球是圆的,这是一个已经确立的事实。that 引导的主语从句也和to do作主语一样,经常被改写为用it作形式主语,例如上句会被改为:It's an established truth that the earth is round.再来一个鸡汤句……今天所做的事,可以改变未来。在阅读中,主语从句不难理解,难在运用。下一次会专门写一个小文章,来告诉大家怎么运用名词性从句(包括主语从句)给写作加分。结语:主语看似单纯,套路也深得很……分析长难句时,一定要先找出句子的主语,然后认真理解它,才能保证句子不出错哦。-- END --语法系列
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文章来 源莲山课件 w ww.5 Y K J.Com 主谓一致一、语法一致原则主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式,即主语是单数,谓语用单数,主语是复数,谓语用复数。&Tow students are waiting for you in your office.两名学生在办公室等你。二、意义一致原则&谓语动词用单数的情况(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。(2)“no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and+no/each/every/many a+单数名词”作主语。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。(3)one/every one/each/either/the number of+复数名词作主语。Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。(4)由every&,any&,some&,no&和&one,&thing,&body等所构成的不定代词作主语。Is everybody here today?今天每个人都在这儿吗?(5)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实难。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。Whatever was left was taken away.无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。注意:what引导的主语从句,谓语动词一般用单数形式,若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。What they need are books.他们需要的是书。谓语动词用复数的情况(1)由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黄油都卖完了。(2)people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。People read for pleasure during their spare time.人们闲暇之余的是为了消遣。(3)一些常用做复数或只有复数形式的名词,如goods,stairs,arms等作主语。The goods are made in China.这些货物都是中国制造的。(4)由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。The Himalayas are the roof of the world.喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。(5)a number of/quantities of/a group of+名词作主语。A number of other plants were found in America.在美国发现了大量的其他植物。谓语动词单、复数视情况而定(1)集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语,强调整体用单数,指个体成员用复数。The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.中国人口很多,其中80%的人住在农村。(2)单复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定,这类词有:means,works,pains,deer,fish,sheep等。Every means has been tried to solve the problem,but none is effective.每种方法都试过,但没有一个有效。There are various means of communicating with a stranger.同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。(3)“kind,sort,pair,type+名词”作主语,以这些名词本身的单复数而定。The kind of paper is made of straw.这种纸是由稻草制成的。Some kinds of animals are dying out.一些种类的动物要灭绝了。(4)all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定。All is going on very well.一切顺利。All are present besides the professor.包括教授在内大家都在。(5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。A lot of students are coming to the meeting.有很多学生要来开会。A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.准备这次会议需要做大量的工作。三、就近一致原则(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。Neither you nor I am fit for the work.你和我都不适合这份工作。Are neither you nor I fit for the work?你和我都不适合这份工作吗?注意:“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than+名词”置于主语后,谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。Henry,rather than Jane and John,is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。(2)由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil&box.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。Are there three books and one pen on your desk?你的书桌上有三本书和一支钢笔吗?1.(2009年福建卷)―Why does the lake smell terrible?―Because large quantities of water________.A.have polluted     B.is being pollutedC.has been polluted&& D.have been polluted【解析】 句意为:――这湖水怎么这么难闻?――因为大量的水已经被污染了。本题考查时态、语态及主谓一致问题。water与pollute为被动关系,故排除A项;B表“正被污染”,故排除;large quantities of后加名词,谓语动词应与quantities保持一致,故排除C项,答案为D项。【答案】 D2.(2009年陕西卷)Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,________visit Beijing this summer.A.is going to&& &&B.are going toC.was going to& &D.were going to【解析】 当主语后出现together with/as well as等介词短语时,谓语动词的数与介词短语前的主语保持一致,故可排除B、D两项;根据时间状语this summer可知应用一般将来时态。【答案】 A 3.(2009年四川卷)The teacher together with the students________discussing Reading Skills that________newly published in America.A.are;were&&&& &B.is;wereC.are;was&&& &&D.is;was【解析】  句意为:老师和同学们在讨论美国刚出版的《技巧》一书。不难看出主句的主语是the teacher,together with the students是附加部分,而Reading Skills 是一个书名也应该用第三人称单数形式。【答案】 D4.(2009年湖南卷)Either you or one of your students________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A.are& &&B.isC.have& &D.be【解析】 句意为:要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。该题考查的是主谓一致,按照就近一致原则,one of your students的中心词为one,谓语动词该用单数,在本句中is to do表示应该(should)。【答案】 B5.(2009年江西卷)At present,one of the arguments in favor of the new airport________that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.A.is&&&&&&&&& & &B.areC.will be&&&&&&& &&D.was【解析】 句意为:目前,人们赞成建一座新机场的理由之一是它将给这个地区带来很多的就业机会。本题考查动词时态,At present=Now是解题的关键。【答案】 A6.(2008年陕西卷)―Did you go to the show last night?―Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area________invited.A.were& &&B.have beenC.has been& &&D.was【解析】 主语是every boy and girl,表示单数概念,故谓语动词用单数,且询问昨晚的情况,有明确的过去时间,所以应选择was。【答案】 D7.(2007年浙江卷)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where________yet.A.hasn’t been decided& &B.haven’t decidedC.isn’t being decided& &D.aren’t decided【解析】 本题考查主谓一致。when and where引导的从句或跟不定式连用时谓语动词用单数,再根据本题意思应用被动语态。【答案】 A8.(2007年湖南卷)We live day by day,but in the great things,the time of days and weeks________so small that a day is unimportant.A.is& &&&B.areC.has been& &&D.have been【解析】 此题考查主谓一致的基本用法。主语是time,后面of days and weeks是它的定语,所以谓语用单数。【答案】 A9.(2007年江西卷)A survey of the opinions of experts________that three hours of outdoor exercise a week________good for one’s health.A.show;are& &&B.shows;isC.show;is& &&D.shows;are【解析】 本题考查主谓一致。第一空的主语是a survey,故用单数shows;第二空是不可数名词exercise作主语,故用is。【答案】 B10.(2007年陕西卷)As a result of the serious flood,two&thirds of the buildings in the area_____.A.need repairing& &B.needs to repairC.needs repairing& &D.need to repair【解析】 此题考查主谓一致及“need”的特殊用法。two&thirds of the buildings作主语,谓语动词应与the buildings保持一致,故应用复数谓语动词。need 此处意为“需要”,用法应是need to be done/need doing。【答案】 A1.(2010届东北三校联考)―Hi,what did our monitor say just now?―Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube________asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning.A.is& &&B.wereC.are& &&D.was【解析】 考查主谓一致。every...and every...结构作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,由此可以排除B、C两项;根据前面的are to visit Water Cube的时态可知,A项正确。【答案】 A2.(2010届锦州模拟)John as well as the other children who________no parents________good care of in the center.A.have;is being taken& B.have;has takenC.has;is taken& D.has;have been taken【解析】 考查主谓一致和动词时态,句意为:约翰同其他那些没有父母的孩子一起在这个中心受到很好的照顾。who引导的定语从句修饰other children所以谓语动词应是复数;名词1+as well as/besides/with/together with ect.+名词2时,谓语动词要根据就远原则由名词1决定,所以第二空谓语动词为单数,约翰正在受到照顾,因此用现在进行时的被动形式。【答案】 A3.(2010届东城检测)The number of people,who have access to their own cars,________sharply in the past decade.A.rose& &&B.is risingC.have risen& &&D.has risen【解析】 考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语是the number,所以谓语动词用单数;in the past decade表示时间从过去持续到现在,即“十年来”,因此用现在完成时。【答案】 D4.(2010届江西五校联考)Professor& Wang,together with his colleagues,________working on the project day and night to ________the deadline.A.are;meet& &&B.is;meetC.are;satisfy& &D.is;satisfy【解析】 考查主谓一致和词语搭配。当主语后跟有together with,as well as等引导的词组时,谓语动词应和主语保持一致,此处主语是Professor Wang,故谓语动词应用单数形式;meet the deadline表示“在截止日期前完成”。【答案】 B5.(2010届泰安模拟)Large quantities of information,as well as some timely help________since the organization was built.A.has offered& &B.had been offeredC.have been offered& &D.is offered【解析】 由as well as连接的复合主语并不影响谓语动词的数,“large quantites of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。分析题目可知动作虽然发生在过去,但对现在还有影响,故应用现在完成时。【答案】 C6.(2010年郑州一模)Buying clothes________a hard job because the clothes a person likes________not very often fit him or her.A.are;do& &&B.is;doesC.are;does& &&D.is;do【解析】 考查主谓一致。主句主语是动名词短语,谓语动词用单数形式is;从句的主语是复数名词clothes,因此用do。【答案】 D7.(2009年江苏南通质检)On the contrary,I think it is Truman,________you,________ to blame.A.more than;are& &&B.less than;who areC.rather than;that is& &D.rather than;is【解析】 句意是:相反,我认为是Truman而不是你该受到责备。题干包含一个强调句式,强调的是宾语从句的主语,所以谓语动词要与Truman一致。此句表示选择关系,所以要用rather than。【答案】 C8.(2009年合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测)Every student as well as teachers who________to visit the museum______asked to be at the school gate on time.A.is;is& &&B.are;areC.is;are& &&D.are;is【解析】 考查主谓一致。who,which,that作定语从句的主语时,其谓语的数取决于先行词,所以第一空用复数are;主语后有as well as等时,谓语应同其前面的主语保持一致,所以第二空用单数。【答案】 D9.(2009年湖南高三十二校联考)An exhibiton of paintings________at the museum next week.A.are to be held& &&B.are holdingC.is holding& &&&D.is to be held【解析】 考查主谓一致和时态。hold的宾语是an exhibition,而不是paintings,所以应该是被动语态。本句的主语是an exhibition,of paintings是介词短语作后置定语,所以谓语动词是单数,再结合时间状语next week可知是表示将来要发生的动作。be to do sth.通常表示按照计划或安排将要发生某事,此处是被动形式。【答案】 D10.(2009年苏、锡、常、镇四市高三教学情况调查一)______of the people on the Net________China’s economy is among the strongest in the world.A.Four&fifth;believes& &B.Four&fifth;believeC.Four&fifths;believe& &D.Four&fifths;believes【解析】 本题考查分数表达和主谓一致。4/5→four&fifths。题干主语是(网络上)4/5的人,是复数,故谓语动词用动词原形。【答案】 C11.(2009年湖北部分重点中学高三第一次联考)Many a writer of newspaper articles________to writing novels.A.has turned& &&B.have turnedC.being turned& &D.are going to turn【解析】 考查主谓一致。“many a+可数名词单数”,谓语动词用单数,表示“许多”。【答案】 A12.(2009年北京海淀区高三第一学期期中考试)―Each of the students working hard at their lessons________the book.―So have I.A.is reading& &&&B.has readC.read& &&&D.reads【解析】 答语So have I是完成时态,由此很容易选出对应的时态,那就是B项(has read),表示“学生们看过了,我也看过了”。【答案】 B13.(2009年江苏南通九校联考)―How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers’ Day?―A gift together with many flowers________sent to me.A.is& &&&B.areC.was& &&&D.were【解析】 考查主谓一致和时态。若句子的主语是由together with,along with,with,as well as+名词或代词来修饰时,谓语动词与together with,along with,with,as well as前面的名词或代词保持数的一致。根据问句,此处用一般过去时。【答案】 C14.(2009年西安地区八校联考)This kind of book________very useful but books of that kind________useless.A.is;is& &&B.is;areC.are;is& &&D.are;are【解析】 第一空前主语是“这种书”,而第二空前主语是books。【答案】 B15.(2009年北京崇文期末)―Mike,what did our monitor say just now?―Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who________to visit the museum________asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning.A.is;is& &&&B.are;areC.is;are& &&&D.are;is【解析】 该题为一个含有定语从句的复合句,句中作定语的关系代词who指代先行词teachers,为复数,故谓语动词用are;as well as连接两个主语时,谓语动词要根据前一个主语决定;由every,no,each等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。【答案】 D 文章来 源莲山课件 w ww.5 Y K J.Com
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