2018年6月四级答案新鲜出炉！敢来对吗？
2018.6 四级试卷解析
南京新东方团队
Part ⅠWriting (30minutes)
整体评述：
今年的写作题目总体较为简单，试题沿袭2017年12月考的开放式题型，题意理解上没有设置障碍，直接在题干中出现了主题词，一套为阅读的重要性，一套为语言表达能力，一套为写作能力。这些话题都是和大学生平时生活学习息息相关的话题，所以很容易发散思路。三篇写作考察学生对正面现象/话题的分析能力。其实这次的考题在近十年的写作考题中是有迹可循的，2013年6月考的图画作文第二套就考察到了阅读文学的重要性。此外，有了2017年12月刚考过的考题基础，谈论措施的话术考生也不陌生，总的来说，本次写作难度不大，第一段点出主题，说明主题词的重要性，第二段分析原因，为什么重要，第三段写建议措施，如何培养这些能力，按照总分总的三段式展开即可。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutesto write a short essay on the importanceof reading ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180 words.
College life opens a new chapter forstudents. As we enter the new stage, it is impossible for us to ignore somebasic abilities needed in the college. Reading ability, from where I stand, isthe most significant one among them.
Why, you may wonder, should we attachgreat importance to reading ability? For one thing, in order to makeoutstanding achievements in the field of our study, students have to read hostsof books, papers and documents related to professional knowledge. For thisreason, extensive and efficient reading becomes particularly important. Foranother, reading broadens our horizon, enriches our campus life, which willexert profound influence on our future. Therefore, we, especially youngsters,cannot emphasize reading ability too much.
Since reading ability plays a pivotal rolein our daily life, it is high time that the college should provide studentswith relative courses to enhance their reading skills. Meanwhile, it isimperative that we ourselves actively pay frequent visit to the libraries orbookstores to cultivate our reading competence. As Francis Bacon once said,reading makes a full man. Only through reading can we acquire more knowledgeand live up to the precious time of youth.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutesto write a short essay on the importanceof speaking ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180 words.
Nowadays, there is a growing awareness of thespeaking ability among the public, which has hit a headline in the newspaper.It is widely acknowledged that the speaking ability plays an indispensable rolein our daily life.
When it comes to developing the speakingability, several ways can be taken into consideration. To begin with, as thesaying goes, “practice makes perfect”. It indicates a fact that the speakingability shall be greatly improved, in one way or another, if we practice more.In addition, learning more about relevant knowledge, such as reading books andattending high-quality lectures, is of great help for us to enhance the speakingability.
Above all, we may draw a conclusion thatmore importance should be attached to the speaking ability, which would beadvanced in the days to come so long as the measures mentioned above are wellput into practice.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutesto write a short essay on the importanceof writing ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180 words.
In contemporary society, there is no doubtthat writing ability is an indispensable part in many aspects of life, nomatter what you do for a living. As a result, it has sparked a heateddiscussion among the public.
The growing awareness of the speaking abilitygives rise to an increasing curiosity on ways to develop it. To begin with, asthe saying goes, “interest is the best teacher”. It indicates a fact that weshould try to find the interest of writing, which can motivate us to put moreeffort into writing. In addition, it is widely accepted that practice more willenable us to write better for the reason that practice can always make perfect.
To sum up, we may draw a conclusion thatmore importance should be attached to the writing ability. So long as themeasures mentioned above are well put into practice, the ability of writing shallbe largely enhanced.
PartⅡListening Comprehension(25 minutes)
NewsReport1: 漂流瓶被发现并归还
Q1:新闻主要内容；
Q2:为什么给reward？信守承诺
News Report2：蜜蜂死了
Q3:springoperation的原因？寨卡病毒
Q4:关于Flower Town Bee Farm说了什么？被毁，损失巨大（2.5M bees）
News Report3: 世界最大的飞机首航
Q5:关于第一次飞行？大约2小时，卡灵顿起飞，高度3000feet，一系列gentle turns
Q6:为什么US government不用飞机做spy？预算砍了
Q7:优势over huge jet planes？可以装heavier loads
LongConversation1:
出门活动：1.看电影，气候变化的电影，女的不喜欢；2.西班牙dance，时间来不及；3.comedy评论家觉得好看/4.最终决定明天去看dance
Q8:女的关于climate change什么看法
Q9:为什么不去西班牙dance
Q10:评论家觉得comedy怎么样
Q11:明天干嘛
LongConversation2:
女生对于转学焦虑，因为比其他人年轻，课后活动能改善，说可以帮助她，室友：三人，其中一人是新来的
Q12:为什么焦虑
Q13:鼓励女生做什么
Q14:男士承诺会做什么
Q15:室友Bree如何
Hunger的动力，远超恐惧，口渴，社交需求；mice的实验饥饿比渴哪个影响大；饿的时候会去危险的地方，吃饱了就呆笼子里；饿的时候离开同伴去找吃的；
Q16:mice实验目的
Q17:什么情况会让mice去不安全的地方
Q18:最后关于mice说了什么
美国的highway system，one of the best in the world，early1920s；national defence，move troops；1944国会通过升级提案但没给钱；1950s开始建；要足够高能让trailer携带飞弹通过；1974大部分完成
Q19:作者说highway system如何
Q20:建highway system最初目的是什么
Q21:什么时候完成的
开车发短信，美国年轻人，major cause of death；smart wheel；检查是否始终双手握方向盘，有声音和灯提示两手未握方向盘，恢复后停止；APP家长可以知道孩子的开车情况
Q22:年轻人road death 的主要原因
Q23:什么是smart wheel
Q24:如果司机只用一只手握方向盘会怎样
Q25:家长怎么track孩子的开车情况
Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)
整体评述：
2018年6月的四级考试总体难度就阅读这个单项，难度与以往基本持平。就选词填空这一部分而言，与我们在课上所讲解的解题技巧相一致。第一步将选项根据词性分类，第一套题今年名词7个，动词5个，形容词2个，副词1个。因此将单词分类之后，我们很快把15选1缩小到了最多是7选1，最少的情况是1选1。另外，名词通过简单判断单复数形式，动词通过时态和非谓语动词还可以进一步缩小范围。同样，仔细阅读解题的关键仍然与我们强调的一致，找准定位，选项与原文内容一一比对，排除各类干扰选项后，做对题目并不是很难。
Directions: In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list ofchoices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throughcarefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce.
Sincethe 1940s,southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not asbad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, LosAngeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of 26 .Gazingdown on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa MonicaMountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze（霾）.Noris the state’s bad air 27 toits south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America foryear-round pollution. Residents’ hearts and lungs are affected as a 28 .
All ofwhich, combined with California’s reputation as the home of technological 29 ,makesthe place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitorpollution in 30 .And that is just what Aclima, a newfirm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has beentrying out monitoring that are 31 toyield minute-to-minute maps of 32 airpollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happeninginside buildings, including offices.
To thisend, Aclima has been 33 with Google’s Street View system. DavidaHerzl, Aclima’s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when SanFrancisco’s transit workers went on strike and the city’s 34 wereforced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to work” days have done their jobby 35 pollution lows.
26. M pollutants
27. N restricted
28. C consequence
29. J innovation
30. F detail
31. K intended
32. L outdoor
33. B collaborating
34. I inhabitants
35. E creating
解析：介词of后填名词，根据上下文语义，该空后为pollutants,污染物。
解析：固定搭配be restricted to，表示“仅限于…，限制在…”。
解析：空前不定冠词，空格填名词，固定搭配as a consequence，表示“因此”。
解析：空前形容词，空格填名词，结合语义，为innovation，创新。
解析：空前介词，空格填名词，固定搭配in detail，表示“详细地”。
解析：固定搭配be intended to，表示“打算，意图”。
解析：空前介词，空后名词，空格填形容词，结合语义选择outdoor，表示户外的。
解析：结合时态和固定搭配collaborate with，表示“合作”。
解析：空前所有格，空格填名词，结合语义，I选项inhabitants居民为正确选项。
解析：空前介词，空后名词，空格填动词ing，结合语义，E选项正确。
Directions:There are 2 passages inthis section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single linethrough the centre.
PassageOne
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the followingpassage.
46.A Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.
解析：找到关键词memory slips。对应到文章第一段But if you have memory slips, you probably needn’tworry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia andage-related memory loss.结合题干和原文可知，记忆的小错误并非全是痴呆的症状，而可能是由于年龄大。symptoms和signs为同义替换。顾答案选择A。
47. C Communication within our brain weakens.
解析：根据顺序原则对应文章定位句是Changes in brain cells can affect communication betweendifferent regions of the brain. 答案与定位句同义，顾答案C。
48. A Totallyforgetting how to do one’s daily routines.
解析：题干关键词，memory-related symptom以及take seriously。定位到But if you forget the plot of the movie or don’tremember even seeing it, that’s far more concerning, Daffner says.关键点在far more concerning故答案选择A。
49. A Check thebrain’s cognitive reserve.
解析：题干关键词为signs of memory loss。定位到倒数第二段第一句话Defense against memory loss is to try to prevent itby building up your brain’s cognitive (认知的) reserve, Daffner says.故答案为A。
50. D Stayingactive both physically and mentally.
解析：题干关键词Dr Daffner’s advice ，memory loss。定位到文章最后一句。Dr Daffner’s adviceIn other words, keep your brainbusy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a knownbrain booster.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
46. B) Add to their sustained happiness.
解析：根据关键词“one study”定位到第一段，“Living in anurban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people’smental well-being, a study has suggested, UK researchers found moving to agreen space had a sustained positive effect,” 选项B中的sustained原文重现，happiness是“well-being”的同义转化。
47. A) Earnmore money.
解析：根据关键词“Dr. White”和“happier”定位第一段，以及代词“he”代指Dr. White，“There couldbe a number of reasons.” he said, “for example, people do many things to ma they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married.”选项“earn money”是对原文“pay rises”是同义转换。
48. C) How long its positive effect lasts.
解析：根据关键词“Dr. White”和“find out”定位第二段 “Dr. White said his team wanted to seewhether living in greener urban areas has a lasting positive effect on people’ssense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period oftime. ” 选项“positive effect lasts.” 是对原文中的lastingpositive effect的同义转化。
49. D) Theircommunication with others improved.
解析：根据关键词“Dr. White”和“reveal about ”定位第三段，“Explaining what the data revealed,……He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and lesssensible decisions and communicated better.”选项D即对最后communicated better的同义转化。
50. A) Find financial support.
解析：根据关键词“government”定位最后一段“Dr. White said, “There’s growing interest among public policyofficials, but the trouble is who funds it. ”强调的“fund”即指“financial support”，A项正确。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
51. C) They all experienced terrible misfortunes.
解析：题干关键词thethree Olympic class ships。根据顺序原则回原文定位到第一段最后一句话“All inall, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursedto suffer disastrous fates.”重点在but转折后，文意这三艘船似乎都被诅咒遭遇遭遇灾难性的命运。顾答案选择C.terriblemisfortunes是disastrous fates的同义转换。
52. B) The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.
解析：题干大意白星航运公司在购买三艘船时考虑到了什么？定位句：“WhiteStar Line decided to focus on marking them the most luxurious ships on thewater.”想要他们成为水上最奢华的船。据此答案选择B。
53. A) It was a mere piece of decoration.
解析：根据关键词 thefourth stack of the ships。定位到“but thefourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functionalpurpose. ”文意第四个栈有艺术感但是没有任何功能性的用途。顾答案选择A.
54. D) They believed that they could never sink witha double-layer body.
解析：题干大意是什么可能导致了Titanic和Britannic的悲剧。定位到原文“theywere all designed with double hulls (船体)believed to make them "unsinkable", perhaps a mistaken idea that ledto the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end.”顾选择D
55. D) She was retired after her naval service.
解析：问题奥林匹克船最后发生了什么。定位句“Eventually,she was taken out of service in 1935。”taken out of service和retired 同义词转换，故此选择D.
Part ⅢTranslation(30minutes)
整体评述：
与最近几年的四级翻译真题相比，这次的翻译真题难度较低，主要表现在两方面：第一，翻译原题中词汇难度较小；第二，翻译原题中句式较为简单。据此，对于备考四级的同学来说，了解汉语和英语在句式、标点等方面的基本异同，是学习汉译英、成功应对四级翻译的基本步骤。当然，如果希望在四级翻译中拿到高分，则需要不断积累和丰富英语词汇，特别是积累一些极具中国特色的词汇的英译方法，如“外来务工人员”（migrant workers）,“生活水平的提高”（the improvement of living standards）等等。
过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有许多城市也在筹建机场。航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有特价机票。近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人不断增加。
It was unimaginable formost Chinese people to travel by aeroplane in the past. However, at present,with the development in economy and the improvement in living standards, anincreasing number of Chinese people, including farmers and migrant workers,choose to travel by plane because they can take the plane to reach all themajor cities in China. In the meanwhile, many minor cities tend to prepare tobuild airports. The service of airlines has been constantly improved, and airtickets are often available at a discount. As a result, there has been aconstant rise in the number of tourists who travel by plane during the holidaysin recent years.
逐句解析如下：
过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。
首先，注意时态。
这句可用句型… was hard to imagine 或者 It was unimaginable for sb to do
“乘飞机出行”可地道地译为travel by aeroplane, 当然，by plane也是没问题的。
因此，这句可以译为：
（1）Traveling by aeroplane was hard to imagine for mostChinese in the past.
（2）It wasunimaginable for most Chinese to travel by aeroplane in the past.
鉴于形式主语It is adj. for sb to do的句型更高级，所以推荐译文（2）。
如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。
词汇：生活水平：living standards
农民：farmers 注：不能译为peasants(peasant指未受过教育的、粗俗的农民)
外出务工人员：migrant workers
“随着…”可用伴随状语“with…”处理;
“包括 A and B”用介词短语“including A and B”处理。
“越来越多的”第一种简单译法： 第二种表达“an increasing number of”,推荐用第二种。
因此，这句可以译为：
At present, with the development in economy and theimprovement in living standards, an increasing number of Chinese people,including farmers and migrant workers, choose to travel by plane.
若不会词汇“外出务工人员”，可灵活处理为后置定语，”外出务工的”解释为“在外面工作的”，处理成定语从句，该短语译成“people who work outside/ in other cities”
他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有许多城市也在筹建机场。
从逻辑来看，第三句与第二句存在着因果关系，所以从文章的整体衔接角度来看，可灵活的添上逻辑连接词。
大城市 major cities
筹建（筹备建设）：prepare to build
“乘飞机到达”可译为take the plane to reach… 或者 reach… by plane
正在筹建机场的“城市”相对于已经有机场的“大城市”而言，是相对较小的城市，翻译时可具体化，译为：minor cities
考生需要注意，两个分句的衔接需要最基本的连接词。
因此，这句可以译为：
They can takethe plane to reach all the major cities in China. In the meanwhile, many minorcities tend to prepare to build airports.
航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有特价机票。
航空服务 the service of airlines
特价机票 air tickets at a discount
The service of airlines has been constantlyimproved, and air tickets are often available at a discount.
翻译时需注意，“航空服务”与“改进”是被动关系。
“会有特价机票”也可处理为被动句：air tickets at a discount are offered.
近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人不断增加。
主干：人数不断增加。
可以用主谓句型或者there be句型。
“节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的”译为定语从句。
不断增加: constantly rise[v.] 或者a constant rise[n.]
因此，这句可以译为：
（1）The number of tourists who travel by plane duringthe holidays has been constantly rising in recent years.
(2) There hasbeen a constant rise in the number of tourists who travel by plane during theholidays in recent years.
鉴于there be的句型在此处更加灵活，所以推荐译文（2）。
鉴于翻译满分为15分（试卷按照满分100分计算），成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。各档次的评分标准具体如下：
分数段分布
具体翻译表现
译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。
译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。
译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。
译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。
未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。
由于该篇翻译难度中等偏低，
据此，以下翻译得分基本在9—10分之间：
Traveling byplane was hard to imagine for most Chinese in the past. At present, more andmore Chinese people, including farmers and workers, choose to travel by plane.They can take the plane to go to all large cities in China, and many othercities are preparing to build airports. The service has been improved, anddiscounted tickets are offered. In recent years, the number of people whotravel by plane during the holidays has been increasing.
这一评分标准细则和基本及格翻译范文的展示说明，为了在最短的时间得到最为有效的分数，四级考生们务必在最短时间内，抓住最为重要的信息进行有效翻译。换言之，对于基础较弱、翻译时间有限的考生来说，则完全可以放弃翻译细枝末节的繁杂信息。
公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
For Chinese people, the bus used tobe the major means of transport. Owing to the constant rise in the number ofprivate cars in recent years, traffic problems in cities have accordinglybecome more and more severe. Many cities have been making efforts to improvethe service of public transport so as to encourage more people to travel bybus. Thanks to the updating of facilities in the vehicle, its speed has beenobviously increased. However, the fare of the public transport is relativelylow compared with that of private cars. At present, in most of the cities, manysenior citizens in the local areas can take the bus free of charge.
（第二版）
Taking bus used to be the primarychoice to travel for most Chinese people. In recent years, the problem oftraffic in cities is getting serious with the constantly-increasing number ofprivate vehicles. In many cities, services on buses have been improved witheffort to get more people encouraged to take buses. The facilities arecontinuously updated and the speed of buses have also been increased greatly.However, by contrast, the ticket price is quite cheap. Now, in most big cities,most of local senior citizens are allowed to take buses for free.
逐句解析如下：
公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。
这句话是典型的主系表结构，主干为公交车是交通工具。要注意时态，“曾”表明是一般过去时。“中国人出行”表示对象，用介词结构表达。
词汇：主要交通工具：themajor means of transport
此句词汇部分比较难，交通工具也可以写成vehicle，能拿到基本分。
全句翻译：ForChinese people, the bus used to be the major means of transport.
近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。
这句话“由于”两个字，为原因状语，用A of B的结构翻译；主句“城市的交通问题越来越严重”用more and more结构。此句“近年来”作为时间状语，放到句子主干最后，如果放在句首一定要用逗号隔开。
词汇：私家车：privatecars
词汇：不断增多：constantrise
全句翻译：Owingto the constant rise in the number of private cars in recent years, trafficproblems in cities have accordingly become more and more severe.
许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。
这句话中“为了”一句表示目的状语，主句中有两个动词“努力”和“改善”，可以处理成不定式表目的状语的形式。要注意此句时态，“一直”二字用现在完成进行时比较合适。
词汇：服务质量：service
质量一词没有必要翻出
词汇：努力：try to/make efforts
全句翻译：Many cities have beenmaking efforts to improve the service of public transport so as to encouragemore people to travel by bus.
车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。
这句话要注意两句简单句的串联，两句呈因果关系。“车辆的设施不断更新”用A of B结构表达。
词汇：设施：facility
词汇：更新：update
词汇：显著：obviously
全句翻译：Thanks to the updatingof facilities in the vehicle, its speed has been obviously increased.
然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。
这句话注意补词，“依然”后面少了个“是”，所以此句依然是常考的主系表结构。此句要注意，这是一个比较结构，省略了后面比较的对象，句子补充完整应该为“和私家车相比，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。”
词汇：票价：fare
词汇：相当：relatively
全句翻译：However, the fare of thepublic transport is relatively low compared with that of private cars.
现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
这句话中时间状语和地点状语都放在最前面，翻译成英文时如果放在句子最前面一定要用逗号隔开。
词汇：当地老年市民：senior/old/elderlycitizens in the local areas
词汇：免费：free of charge/free
全句翻译：At present, in most ofthe cities, many senior citizens in the local areas can take the bus free of charge.
鉴于翻译满分为15分（试卷按照满分100分计算），成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。各档次的评分标准具体如下：
分数段分布
具体翻译表现
译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。
译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。
译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。
译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。
未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。
据此，以下翻译得分基本在7—10分之间：
Buses used to be themain vehicle for Chinese people. In recent years, due to the increasing numberof private cars, the traffic problems in cities have become more and moreserious. In order to encourage more people to travel by bus, many cities havetried to improve the service quality of buses. The vehicles are increasinglyupdated and the speed of the vehicles is also increased. However, the price isstill quite low. Nowadays, in most cities, many old people can take buses forfree.
这一评分标准细则和基本及格翻译范文的展示说明，为了在最短的时间得到最为有效的分数，四级考生们务必在最短时间内，抓住最为重要的信息进行有效翻译。换言之，对于基础较弱、翻译时间有限的考生来说，则完全可以放弃翻译细枝末节的繁杂信息。
参与解析老师：
写作组：王雅洁，印含洋
听力组：马迅，陈瑾，管丽君
阅读组：姜颖，孙悦，吴紫芯
翻译组：雷彤，黄紫晶，王玲燕
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