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双语新闻:科学家揭秘为何“爱恨一线间”
来源：　 15:11:33　【】　
　　Thin line between love & hate? Science shows why
　　It often seems a thin line between love and hate, and now scientists think they know why.
　　Brain scans of people shown images of individuals they hated revealed a pattern of brain activity that partly occurs in areas also activated by romantic love, Semir Zeki and John Paul Romaya of University College London reported Tuesday.
　　"This linkage may account for why love and hate are so closely linked to each other in life," the researchers wrote in the Public Library of Science journal PLoS One.
　　"Our results show that there is a unique pattern of activity in the brain in the context of hate."
　　In their study, the researchers showed 17 men and women pictures of someone the volunteers said they hated along with three familiar, neutral faces. The hated individuals were all former lovers or work rivals, except for one famous politician.
　　The brain scans identified a pattern of activity in different areas of the brain the researchers called a "hate circuit" that switched on when people saw faces they despised, the researchers said.
　　The so-called hate circuit includes structures in the cortex and the sub-cortex and represented a pattern distinct from emotions such as fear, threat and danger, Zeki said in a telephone interview.
　　The brain activity also occurred in the putamen and insula, two areas activated when people viewed the face of a loved person. Scientists have linked the regions to aggressive action and distressing situations, Zeki said.
　　But there were important differences as well. A bigger part of the cerebral cortex - an area linked to judgment and reasoning - de-activates with love compared to hate.
　　"It is more likely that in the context of hate the hater may want to exercise judgment in calculating moves to (cause) harm," Zeki said in a statement.
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春困秋乏夏打盹：如何用英文来地道表达睡眠
　　说到“睡觉”你脑海中出现的单词是不是只有sleep呢？如果我告诉你还有go to bed， go to sleep， get asleep， get to sleep……你说自己已经被绕晕了？没关系，跟上小编的脚步，让我们一起看一看英文中各种与“睡”有关的常见表达都有哪些，又该如何区分吧！
　　sleep是最常见的表达“睡觉”的单词，是一个延续性动词，我们知道有一个表达法是not…until…（直到……才……），该表达法不能与延续性动词搭配，因此可以说I can’t sleep if I have not finished my homework，但不能说I can’t sleep until I have finished my homework。与sleep意思最为贴近的行为应该是一种长时间的睡眠，通常是夜晚的睡眠。如果在日间需要补充睡眠，我们可以用下面两种方法表示：
　　（1）nap n。/v。
　　这个单词经常以名词形式出现在take a nap这个词组中，表示“打盹儿，小睡”，是一个中性的表达。其实nap也可以作一个动词使用，表示“打瞌睡”，例如：
　　An elderly person may nap during the day and then sleep only five hours a night。
　　老年人白天会小睡一会儿，然后晚上只睡5个小时。
　　（2）doze n。/v。
　　作名词时它表示“瞌睡”，做动词时常与介词off搭配，doze off也表示“打瞌睡，打盹儿”，不过doze带有一点贬义，常指走神而引发的困倦，如上课打瞌睡，无聊的讲座使听众发困等等：
　　The lecture was so boring that the audience began to doze off。
　　讲座太乏味，听众开始打盹了。
　　表达睡觉这个含义的词组还有go to sleep/ go to bed，但是我们发现这里有一个to do不定式的结构，该结构可以表目的和表将来，因此在中文里我们就可以理解成，“去做……”。回到词组上，去睡觉/去床上可不就是到床上准备睡觉，却不一定已经入睡了吗？我们平常问的“你昨晚几点睡？”其实也就是在问“你昨晚几点上床？”
　　还有一组很相似的表达是get to sleep/ get asleep/ fall asleep，这一组词就基本等同于sleep，只有这细微的差别。前两个词组中都有“get”这个单词，get可以译为“得到”，那么得到了睡眠也就意味着已经“入睡”，因此前两个词组就表示“入睡”。其实这也是sleep和asleep的本质区别，前者作动词是睡觉这个动作，后者作形容词表示入睡这个状态。因此，第三个词组也跟前两个一样，都表示入睡。
　　其实平常喜欢追美剧的同学应该都对上面列举的单词和词组应该都不陌生，因为那些都是口语中常见的说法，那如果要用在书面上呢？slumber这个高大上的词可就排上用场了！如果要进行文学创作，写篇小说、作首诗歌，这个词都是你的不二之选哦！让我们看看例句：
　　And you think you can use it to summon the Dragon Lords from a thousand years of slumber？
　　你认为你能用它来召唤沉睡了一千年的龙神？
　　And so they thoughts， when thou art gone， Love itself shall slumber on。
　　当你飘然远去，爱情，将在我对你的思念中安眠。
　　小编在这儿还为大家整理了一些有关“睡觉“的表达，供大家学习：
　　unprotected sleep 回笼觉
　　wake up naturally without alarm clock 自然醒
　　hit the sack 倒头就睡
　　heavy sleeper 沉睡的人
　　light sleeper 浅眠的人
　　本文来源：沪江英语
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双语科技新闻,世界最老生物被科学家“误杀”_双语科技新闻_双语阅读_英语阅读,china daily 双语新闻,voa双语新闻,中国日报网双语新闻
作者：佚名&&&&来源：&&时间： 10:53:41
赶快把保持充足睡眠列为新年的一项目标吧. 最新研究发现,世界最老生物的实际年龄比... 世界最老生物被科学家“误杀” World's first robot suicide 机器人“自杀”?电影变现实... 但可惜的是,这个507岁“高龄”的软体动物已经被科学家不小心弄死了. 作为人类的新...
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双语科技新闻,世界最老生物被科学家“误杀”
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最新研究发现,世界上最老生物的实际年龄比之前测算的还要大100多岁。但可惜的是,这个507岁“高龄”的软最新
When scientists inadvertently killed what turned out to be the world&s oldest living creature, it was bad enough.一只被证明是世界上最古老的生物被科学家不小心弄死了，这似乎已经够糟糕的了。Now, their mistake has been compounded after further research found it was even older & at 507 years.然而更糟糕的是，人们进一步研究发现，这只软体动物比人们想象的还要古老&&它已经有507岁高龄。The ocean quahog - a type of deep-sea clam - was dredged alive from the bottom of the North Atlantic near Iceland in 2006 by researchers. They then put it in a freezer, as is normal practice, unaware of its age.2006年，研究者们从冰岛附近的北大西洋海底将这只海蛤&&一种生活在深海中的蛤蜊&&活生生的捕捞上岸。他们并不知道它如此年迈，只是按照惯例将它放在冷冻箱里。It was only when it was taken to a laboratory that scientists from Bangor University studied it and concluded it was 400 years old.直到后来它被送往实验室进行研究，这时英国班戈大学的科学家们才发现它如此长寿，科学家们断言它已经有400岁高龄了。The discovery made it into the Guinness Book of World Records however by this time, it was too late for Ming the Mollusc & named after the Chinese dynasty on the throne when its life began.Unfortunately researchers who calculated Ming&s age killed it instantly by opening its shell.这一年龄上的发现使它被载入了世界吉尼斯纪录，然而此刻，对这只被命名为&明& 的软体动物来说，一切都为时已晚。名字取自它的生命开始时中国正经历的历史朝代。不幸的是，这些推测出了&明&年龄的科学家在打开它的壳的一瞬间已经弄死了它。The researchers opened the ancient clam up to judge its age by counting growth rings inside.But the rings were so close together that scientists ended up having to count the rings on the outside to be accurate, leading CBS to point out that Ming could have lived on, had scientists just started there.为了推测它的年龄，科学家们必须数清壳内部的线圈，所以他们打开了这只年迈的贝壳。可是这只软体动物壳内部的线圈实在是太密集了，为了力求准确，最后科学家们还是不得不从壳外部来数清线圈圈数。CBS新闻记者由此评论说，如果科学家们一开始就决定数清壳外的线圈数，&明&或许现在还活着。Now, after examining the ocean quahog more closely, using more refined methods, the researchers have found the animal was actually 100 years older than they first thought.现在经过更精密仪器的更细致研究，科学家们发现这只海洋圆蛤实际上比他们预先设想的还要老100岁。Dr Paul Butler, from the University&s School of Ocean Sciences, said: &We got it wrong the first time and maybe we were a bit hasty publishing our findings back then. But we are absolutely certain that we&ve got the right age now.&班戈大学海洋科学学院的劳尔&巴特勒教授说：&我们一开始就估计错误，也许我们当时发表自己的研究成果过于仓促了。但是现在我们能完全确定、我们估算出了它的准确年龄。&A quahog&s shell grows by a layer every year, in the summer when the water is warmer and food is plentiful. It means that when its shell is cut in half, scientists can count the lines in a similar way trees can be dated by rings in their trunks.在每年的夏季，如果水温适宜、食物充足，蛤蛎的壳就会长出一层线圈。这意味着，如果将蛤蛎的壳剖成两半，科学家们就能够通过壳的层数推算蛤蛎的年龄，就像根据树的年轮推算树的年龄一样。The mollusc was born in 1499 & just seven years after Columbus discovered America and before Henry VIII had even married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon in 1509.这只软体动物出生于1499年&&它出生的时间比哥伦布发现美洲大陆只晚了七年，甚至在英国国王亨利八世与第一任皇后阿拉贡的凯瑟琳成婚（1509年）之前。Jan Heinemeier, associate professor at the University of Denmark, who helped date Ming, told Science Nordic: &The fact alone that we got our hands on an animal that&s 507 years old is incredibly fascinating, but the really exciting thing is of course everything we can learn from studying the mollusc.&丹麦大学助理教授杨&海涅迈尔也参与了对&明&年龄的研究。他对北欧科学协会说：&我们捕到了一只507岁高龄的动物，仅这一事实就够不可思议的了。不过，最不可思议的事情当然还是我们从这只软体动物的研究中可以获知的知识。&&
creature, it was bad enough. 一只被证明是世界上最古老的生物被科学家不小心弄死了,... 为了力求准确,最后科学家们还是不得不从壳外部来数清线圈圈数.CBS新闻记者由此评...
Scientists killed world's oldest creature 世界最老生物被科学家“误杀” 导读:最新研究... 为了力求准确,最后科学家们还是不得不从壳外部来数清线圈圈数.CBS新闻记者由此评...
的软体动物已经被科学家不小心弄死了. 最新研究发现,世界最老生物的实际年龄比之前... 为了力求准确,最后科学家们还是不得不从壳外部来数清线圈圈数.CBS新闻记者由此评...
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