英语中定语从句翻译
英语中定语从句翻译
　　导语：以下是小编搜集并整理的中定语从句翻译的有关内容，希望在阅读之余对大家能有所帮助!　　1．前置定语　　98年 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.　　结构分析：这是一个复合句. But even more important是整个句子的状语，it was the farthest是主句，that scientists had been able to look into the past是修饰the farthest的定语从句，for引导原因状语从句（参见1995年71题），在这个状语从句中，what they were seeing是主语从句，were the patterns and structures是状语从句中的系表结构，that existed…是修饰名词patterns and structures的定语从句。　　译文： 但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。　　02年 64)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.　　结构分析：这是一个复合句。主句是由两个并列的分句构成的：They are…, and they are；in which引导定语从句，修饰practices，其中is held responsible for … and given credit for …并列做定语从句的谓语，given前面省略了助动词is。　　译文：自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。/它们（自由和尊严）对于那种要求个人对自己的行为负责并因为其业绩而受到赞扬的做法来说，是必不可少的。　　2．独立成句　　当译成前置定语会使句子变得臃肿，妨碍理解的时候，最好让其独立成句。　　94年 72)&In short&, a leader of the new school contends, &the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.&　　新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”　　contend坚决主张,声称[Y][+(that)]　　The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe.　　警察强调说他们面临的困难太严重了。　　He left his job largely because he was homesick.　　他辞职不干主要是因为他想家。　　We have countless reasons against his plan.　　我们有举不胜举的理由反对他的计划。　　96年 72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.　　基本结构：简单句+时间状语从句（主语+谓语+宾语+同位语从句（主语the specific demands +定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment+谓语cannot generally be foreseen in detail）　　基本结构试译：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：……　　译 文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。　　注意：不要将when引导的定语从句与时间状语从句相混淆，当然也就不能when引导的定语从句翻译成“当… 时候”。When引导定语从句前面一般是表示时间的词作为先行词，如果是过去时，when译成“其时、届时”“当时”“在那个时候”，如果是将来时态，则译成“到时”“届时”，有时候还可以译成“然后”“随后”。　　The Queen will visit the small town in April, when she will open the new hospital.　　女王将于四月访问小镇，到时，她将主持这家新医院的开业仪式。　　I expect to stay here no more than two days, when I shall return.　　我预计在那儿呆两天，随后就回来。　　99年 71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.　　结构分析：这是一个复合句。While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians整个这一部分是让步状语从句，其中第一个as是程度副词，第二个as是连词，引导比较状语从句there are historians；modern practice most closely conforms to one是主谓宾结构的主句；that sees history as the attempt是修饰one的定语从句，to recreate and explain the significant events of the past是不定式短语做名词attempt的后置定语。　　译文：几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。　　[我们的翻译]：几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,而现代实践最符合这样一个定义，该定义把历史看作是重现和解释过去的重要事件的尝试。　　There are almost as many job opportunities as there are college graduates.　　几乎每个大学毕业生都有就业机会。　　01年 73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.　　结构分析：这是一个复合句。Pearson has pieced together the work是主谓结构的主句，of hundreds of researchers是介宾短语做定语修饰名词work，around the world则是介宾短语修饰名词researchers，to produce a unique millennium technology calendar是不定式短语做结果状语，that引导定语从句修饰名词calendar，when引导定语从句修饰dates。这里的when相当于by which，因此不能翻译成“当… 时候”，而应该翻译成“通过这些日期”或者“到这些日期”（参见96年真题72）　　译文：皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。
[英语中定语从句翻译]相关文章：在英语句子中，哪些词可以做主语？_百度知道
在英语句子中，哪些词可以做主语？
状态、身份等.它也可以说是一种主语补语。my mother is cooking 、名词、代词.我们的球队打败了所有其他球队.可以用作宾语的有：名词.（代词）3．We are seven，that，who通常用that .在系表结构钟,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,和语文差不多1.I love you.I 主语 am 系动词（谓语） good 表语.六．定语定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词、不定式、形容词.I am good.谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成、代词、数词.可以作表语的词有：名词在英语句子中，这些词可做主语：代词.婚礼是在那个星期天举行的.（名词）2．So that’s that.就是这样.五．补语补语（complement）是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分.补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语（subject complement）,补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语（object complement）、分词、介词短语.They named the child Jimmy.他们将孩子命名为吉米，some，any，something，everything、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、介词短语、从句等.答案补充 楼主请看这几个句子.He boiled the egg hard.她将鸡蛋煮老了.（形容词用作宾语补语）3.I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣.（形容词短语用作宾补）4.The comrades wanted Dr,主系表结构3.三．表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征;名词?里面有人吗.因为谓语是系动词所以后面的good 就把它叫作表语,what,which,how等等疑问词作引导词构成宾语从句.我们一共7人.（数词）4．Are you busy?你有空吗：this,that: 英语中什么叫做主语？英语中什么叫做主语、从句乃至句子.二．谓语谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后、从句等?（形容词）5．Are you there.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任：1．The girl is improving remarkably,主语从句，he is a doctor、从句英语中能做主语的代词有:人称代词主格：I ，非谓语to do, doing.如,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似.如：The man.它位于联系动词之后.I 主语 love 谓语 you 宾语2，anything关系代词,与之构成所谓的系表结构,其实没什么复杂.（名词用作并与补语）2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister.我的母亲面很嫩,你会以为她是我的姐姐（名词短语作宾语补语）3,they,you,it，nothing、数词、副词：which.可用作定语的有,因此一般皆置于及物动词之后、数词、形容词、不定式、分词：主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme),是句子所述说的主体.它的位置一般在一句之首.可用作主语的有单词、短语，定语从句等等。英语作文里面用从句是加分点！那就是主语从句.如：That the earth gose aroud the sun is truth一个英语句子中选什么做主语，it is hard for me to solve them拓展：篇一 ,前者就叫做后者的同谓语（appositive）,didn’t listen to their pleadings.那人不可置疑地残酷. Getting up rarly is difficult for him 、从句和句子等.七．同谓语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分.这个女孩大有进步.2．可用作状语的有副词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词.如,同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后.八．状语状语（adverbial）是修饰动词,后有逗号.Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.我又累又困,就去睡了,he,she,we.可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词?你在听吗?（电话用语）（副词）Is anybody in、形容词,these不定代词：one，each、副词以及全句的句子成分,不听取他们的恳求.(2)?英语中什么叫做主语？的参考答案一．主语,those.有时可以置于主语之后：Our team beat all the others、动名词。it做形式主语.Bethune to take cover、介词短语、从句等.1．The wedding was that Sunday、名词、代词：形容词，状语从句，主语从句,二真正起谓语作用的则是表语.（动名作宾补6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事.同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下.（不定式用作宾语补语）5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙.(1).容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前.指示代词、介词短语等1,whether we will go is not decided,cruel beyond belief, to see is to believe、名词化的形容词，代词，数词?（副词）四．宾语宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作的承受者、代词、数词、名词、非谓语动词（动名词、不定式）.I 主语 paint 谓语 the table 宾语 brown 补语常见的系动词：Be动,am is are “感”动,feel smell taste sound.等感官动词“变”动:turn become 等表示变化的动词篇二 : 什么叫副词英语中的副词是什么什么叫副词中的副词是什么副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：1） 在动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第1个助动词后。注意：a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.二、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：(错)I very like English.(对)I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。I don't know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.1) close与closelyclose意思是&近&； closely 意思是&仔细地&He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2)late 与latelylate意思是&晚&； lately 意思是&最近&You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?3)deep与deeplydeep意思是&深&，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，&深深地&He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchThe plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.5)wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是&广泛地&，&在许多地方&He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6)free与freelyfree的意思是&免费&；freely 的意思是&无限制地&You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.Y say what you like.篇三 : 英语中的冠词有什么英语中的冠词有什么英语中的冠词有什么的参考答案冠词是用在名词前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物,是泛指还是特指的词.冠词是一种虚词.冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The Definite Article）a, an是不定冠词,the是定冠词.an, a是不定冠词,仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念.a用在以辅音（指辅音音素）开头的词前, an用在以元音（指元素音素）开头的词前,如：a boy an houra history class an islanda university an elephanta hero an old man不定冠词的用法：1. 表示人或事物的某一类A steel worker makes steel.A plane is a machine that can fly.2. 表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个.This is an apple.His father is a teacher.3. 泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人何物.A comrade is waiting for you downstairs.I met an old man on my way to school.4. 表示“一个”的意思He will be back in a day or two.He tried to send a picture of a face.5. 有时也表示“每”的意思We have three meals a day.我们一日三岁.He walks ten miles an hour.他一小时走10英里.We have six classes a day.我们一天上六节课.He drives the car at thirty miles an hour.如果把不定冠词后的名词变为复数,只把不定冠词去掉还不行,还得补上一个数词或不定代词（some, any）The plan will be ready in a few days.这是因为“一个”或“某个”变为复数时,就成为“几个”或“某几个”的缘故.定冠词的用法：定冠词the具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思.它可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用.用在以辅音音素开头的词前读[ð? ],用在以元音音素开头的词前读[ði ] ,在特别强调时读[ði:].II定冠词的基本用法：1. 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物.Give me the book.Did you hear the talk given by Mr Li?How do you like the film.Have you got the letter?2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物.Where is the teacher?Open the door.3. 复述上文提过的人或事物.I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday.4. 世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙）The sun rises in the east.The earth goes round the sun.the globe, the universe.the atmosphere大气层5. 用在方位名词前in the south, in the west ,in the north6. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.He is the tallest one in our class.7、表示两者间“较……的一个”时用定冠词The older of the two noblemen took a light.He is the taller of the two boys.8. 用在单数可数可数名词前表示一类人或事物.The horse is a useful animal.9. 定冠词用在形容词前,表示一类人或东西.The rich, the poor ,the wounded ,the deaf10. 冠词可用在党派、阶级、民族名词前The Chinese people中华民族The working class 工人阶级The Communist Party11、用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人,或这一姓的夫妇二人.The Lius live upstairs.The Johns are watching TV.12、在乐器前加thethe piano the violin13、在习惯性短语中in the morning in the afternoon14、在人或物后有限定性的后置定语The man standing by the gate is Li Feng.15、代替所有格代词,表示人体的一部分He received a blow on the head他头上挨了一击.John’s brother took him by the hand.约翰的哥哥牵着他的手.16、在世纪,年代名词前用冠词.In the 1980s或in the 1980’s 20世纪80年代in the nineteenth century 二十世纪17、专有名词前冠词的用法.1. 在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the.the Changjang River 长江the Hudson River 哈得孙河the West Lake 西湖the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Yellow Sea 黄海the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河the English Channel 英吉利海峡the Persian Gulf 波斯湾the British Isles 布列颠群岛2. 在含有普通名词构成的专有名词前用the.the Great Wall 长城the Summer Palace 颐和园the United States 美国the October Revolution 十月革命the Chinese People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军the Long March 长征3. 在某些建筑物前the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂the Museum of Chinese History 历史博物馆4. 在某些组织机构前the United Nations 联合国the Department of Education 教育部⑤节日名：New Year’s Day 新年,元旦Women’s Day 妇女节Labour Day 劳动节Children’s Day儿童节April Fools’ Day愚人节National Day国庆节Thanksgiving Day感恩节Christmas Day圣诞节但我国的节日前用定冠词the Spring Festival春节the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节但也有一些专有名词前不加冠词1. 街名：Wang Fu Jing Street王府井大街Naking Road南京路2. 广场名：Tian An Men Square天安门广场3. 公园名：Pei Hai Park北海公园Hyde Park海德公园4. 大学名：Beijing University北京大学Zhejiang University浙江大学但也可说the University of Beijing the University of Zhejiang什么时候不用冠词1. 在物质名词,抽象名词前不用冠词The desk is made of wood.What is work? Work is struggle.2. 专有名词前不加冠词Canada, Beijing ,Lei Feng3. 名词前有物主代词指示代词,不定代词,名词所有格修饰时this, my,that, those, these, her4、月份,星期,季节前不用冠词Sunday March summer winter5、在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词Horses are useful animals.My mother and father are school teachers.6、当一个名词用作表语,冈位语补足语来表示某人在当时或现刻的职位或头衔时,前面不用冠词.He is chairman of the Students’ Union. 他是学生会主席.They elected him president of the U.S. 他们选他当美国总统.这里指的职位大体是指独一的职位,“主席”、“主任”都只有一个,如不是独一的要加不定冠词.She is a teacher of English in our school. 她是我校的一位英语教师7、在三餐前不用冠词.breakfast, lunch, supper 如这些词前有形容词修饰可用不定冠词.I had a good lunch yesterday.I have breakfast at 7 every day.8、在球类,棋类名词前不用冠词.Play football (basketball, Volleyball) chess※抽象名词,物质名词前不用冠词,但后有定语修饰加the.He is fond of music.The music of the film is very beautiful.Science is making rapid progress in China.科学正在中国飞速发展.Physics is the science of matter and energe.物理学是物质和能量的科学.篇四 : 英语中什么叫做先行词,什么叫定语从句？英语中什么叫做先行词,什么叫定语从句?英语中什么叫做先行词,什么叫定语从句？的参考答案先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的名词.在定语从句中充当一定的成分.被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词.我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词, 是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后, 先行词总是出现在定语从句之前, 而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前.This is the book which I am looking for.中的book是先行词,which是引导词.He is Mr. Robertson who comes from England. 中的Mr. Robertson.是先行词,who是引导词.简单的说,就是和修饰宾语的词或从句,词就是先行词参考资料经典文章：.I paint the table brown.The beautiful vase is mine.The beautiful 定语 vase 主语 is 系动词 mine 表语4.I run quickly.I 主语 run 谓语 quickly 状语5
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>> 高一每日英语
高一英语定语从句知识点归纳
时间：　　作者：　　来源：精品学习网
　　一．几个基本概念
　　1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
　　2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
　　3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
　　4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
　　﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
　　﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why
　　5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】
　　6.引导词的功能(作用)：
　　﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
　　﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
　　7.定语从句的类型：
　　﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
　　① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
　　The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
　　② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导
　　The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
　　I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
　　=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
　　介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：
　　The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
　　=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
　　The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
　　=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
　　﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
　　① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
　　② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
　　I live in a house far away from the city， in front of which is a big tree.
　　There is an apple tree standing at the gate， on which are many apples.
　　This is the man to whom I gave the book.
　　③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
　　人用whom，指物用which)引导。One， some， any， none， all， both， several， many， most， neither， either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
　　He has five children， two of whom are abroad.
　　(比较：He has five children， and two of them are abroad.)
　　We have three books， none of which is/are interesting.
　　(比较：We have three books， but none of them is/are interesting.)
　　除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
　　1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
　　2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
　　The engineer， whose leg was badly hurt， was quickly sent to hospital.
　　(那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤)
　　The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
　　(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)
　　3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。指人做主语时只能用who， 做宾语时用whom；
　　指物做主语，宾语都用which； 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。
　　The man， ______ is sitting on the chair， is my father.
　　The woman， _______ I met yesterday， is my English teacher.
　　The city， _______ is far away， is very beautiful.
　　He went to America， ______ his parents live.
　　He joined the Army yesterday， ______ I left， too.
　　4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：
　　The house， whose window faces south， is mine.
　　=The house， the window of which faces south， is mine.
　　=The house， of which the window faces south， is mine.
　　二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
　　1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。
　　Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there？
　　2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语(动宾或介宾)。
　　① 当作动宾(动词后接宾语)时，关系代词可省略。
　　Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now？
　　② 当作介宾(介词后接宾语)时：
　　介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
　　介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
　　The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.
　　The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
　　※注：固定的动词短语(动词+介词)如look for， take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。
　　She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
　　3.whose： 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语(动宾或介宾)即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.
　　I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. (主语)
　　He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. (动宾)
　　The boss in whose company I work is very kind. (介宾)
　　4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语(动宾或介宾)。
　　① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。
　　② 当作介宾时：
　　介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
　　介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词+which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
　　The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.
　　The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.
　　The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.
　　The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
　　※注：介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。
　　※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 “the same …as…；such …as…；so …as…；as … as…；as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用as代替who(m)， which， 或that引导定语从句：
　　Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.
　　Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.
　　My hometown is no longer the same as it was.
　　Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.
　　The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).
　　I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.
　　He is not such a person as I expected.
　　He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
　　※注：which和as可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。因此，当as/which指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数.
　　Our team lost the game， as/which was reported in the newspaper.
　　She was terrified， as/which I could see from her eyes.
　　He married her， as/which was natural.
　　区别：
　　①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。
　　He married her， as/which was natural.
　　=As was natural， he married her.
　　Mark Twin is a great writer， which/as is known to all.
　　=As is known to all， Mark Twin is a great writer.
　　②as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。常用句型有：
　　as we all know， as is known to all， as everybody can see， as is expected， As is known/ said/ reported/ told/ we all know等。如：
　　As we all know， paper was first made in China.
　　To shut your eyes to facts， as many of you do， is foolish.
　　③主句和从句有因果关系时，用which.
　　Our class has won the football match， which made us very happy.
　　Bamboos are hollow， which makes them very light.
　　④从句含否定意义时常用which.
　　She didn’t pass the exam， which we couldn’t expect.
　　She didn’t pass the exam， as we expected.
　　6.when关系副词：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表时间的名词)。
　　I still remember the time when I joined the League.
　　=I still remember the time on which I joined the League.
　　=I still remember the time (which/that) I joined the League on.
　　7.where关系副词：指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表地点的名词)。
　　I still remember the school where I joined the League.
　　=I still remember the school in which I joined the League.
　　=I still remember the school (which/that) I joined the League in.
　　※注：对关系副词when， where的认识。
　　①. 先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。
　　I’ll never forget the time (which/that) I spent in Beijing.
　　②. 先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。
　　This is the factory (which/that) he visited yesterday.
　　③. 当句型为It/This/That is(was) the first(second…last) time引起的句子时用that连接其后的句子。此时的time是次数，不是时间。
　　It/This is the first time that we travel.
　　It/This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
　　8. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason，不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。Why= for which
　　I don’t know the reason why he was late yesterday.
　　The reason why(for which) he was late is that he missed the bus.
　　※注：当先行词为reason时，关系副词并非都用why。
　　This is the reason (that/ which) he gave/ explained to us.
　　【判断用关系代词还是关系副词】
　　从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。试比较：
　　I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.
　　( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
　　I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.
　　( 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 )
　　The reason (that/which)he gave for not coming to school yesterday isn’t believable.
　　( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
　　The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday isn’t believable.
　　( 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 )
　　三. 值得注意的几个问题：
　　第一. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用that的情况。
　　1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
　　This is the best film that has been shown this year.
　　This is the first book (that) I borrow from the library.
　　※He is the first student that/who came to school today.
　　2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。
　　He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited.
　　3.当先行词本身是all的，用that。(all that=what)
　　All that (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.
　　=All (what) I want to say to you is “Thank you”.
　　Go over all that (what) we learned.
　　=Go over all (what) we learned.(that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略)
　　4.先行词为something， anything， nothing， everything， thing时，用that.
　　I’ll tell you anything (that) I know.
　　5.当先行词前有all， much， little， many， (a) few， every， some， any， no， only， the very， one of， the only， the last， the next等修饰语时。
　　This is one of the books (that) I’m very interesting in.
　　※ This is one of the books in which I’m very interesting.
　　This is the only book (that) I read.
　　He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.
　　All the glasses that were on the table fell off onto the floor.
　　6.(人，物)，当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时，用that引导以避免混淆.
　　Who is the man that is talking with the lady？
　　Which of you that know the answer can come to the front？
　　7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用that.
　　He likes the girl that she used to be.
　　第二. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用which的情况。
　　1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时.
　　The room in which he lives is very large.
　　2.引导非限定性定语从句时(主，宾都用which，都不能省略).
　　Football， which is a very interesting game， is played all over the world.
　　The house， which I visited yesterday， is very large.
　　3.which指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性定语从句.
　　He always makes fun of me， which upsets me.
　　第三.其他特殊情况.
　　1.先行词是these， those指人时，关系代词只用who.
　　Those who are playing over there are my students.
　　2.先行词是人称代词(he， she…)时，关系代词只用who.
　　He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
　　3.不定代词someone， anyone， everyone， no one， somebody， anybody， everybody作先行词时，关系代词用who.
　　Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.
　　4.①先行词是the only one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用单数形式(因为此时的先行词是the only one，而不是of 后的可数名词复数).
　　He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.
　　This is the only one of the books that is borrowed.
　　②先行词是one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式(因为此时的先行词是of 后的可数名词复数，而不是one).
　　This is one of the students who are late.
　　5.当主句缺先行词时，用the one 代替，但须注意：the one只能代替可数名词单数.如为不可数名词时，指什么用什么.
　　Is this school the one I visited yesterday？
　　Is pop music the music he likes best？
　　6. 当先行词是the way，在定语从句中充当方式状语时(the way表“以…方式/方法”)，引导词通常用that或省略，也可用in which.
　　I don’t like the way (that) you speak.
　　=I don’t like the way in which you speak.
　　=I don’t like the way (which/that) you speak in.
　　【“介词+关系代词”十种情况】
　　在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下：
　　1.介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when， where和why。如：I still remember the day on which (when) I first came to school.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。
　　The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大工厂。
　　This is the reason for which (=why) he was late.这就是他为什么迟到的原因。
　　2.介词+which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓一般要倒置。
　　They arrived at a farmhouse， in front of which sat a small boy.他来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。
　　I saw a man， on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的头上站着一只鸟。
　　3.介词+ which(指物)/ whom(指人)在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。如：
　　Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat？你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？
　　The man， from whom I learned the news， is an engineer.这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这消息的。
　　4.介词+which/whom，用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的出发者。如：
　　The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。
　　The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是个好猎手。
　　5.不定代词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分，常用的不定代词有：both， all， any， some， each， none， most等。如：
　　There are a lot of books here， none of which belongs to me.这儿有许多书，可一本也不属于我。
　　Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes， all of which were expensive.昨天玛丽买了一些衣服，他们都很贵。
　　6.数词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体与部分的关系。数词可以是基数词、序数词、分数或百分数。如：
　　In our class there are fifty-four students， twenty-five of whom are girls.我们班有54名学生，25人是女生。
　　Two watches were stolen， one of which was mine.两只手表被偷了，其中一只是我的。
　　7.名词+of+which代替whose+名词，在定语从句中作定语。如：
　　I saw some trees， the leaves of which (=whose leaves) were black with disease.我看见一些树，他们的叶子因害病而发黑。
　　I live in a house， the windows of which are all broken.我住在一所房子里，其窗都破了。
　　8.介词+ which(指物)/ whose(指人)修饰后边的名词。如：
　　It rained all night and all day， during which time the ship was broken into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在这期间轮船撞碎了。
　　The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司机就是那个人，她从他的房间偷走地图。
　　9.形容词最高级+of+which/whom结构，在定语从句中，作定语，表部分关系。如：
　　China has thousands of islands， the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。
　　In our class there are twenty girls， the cleverest of whom is Li Hua.我们班有20名女生，最聪明的是李华。
　　10.介词+which+不定式。此种用法多见于正式文体中，相当于一个定语从句。如：
　　At last he had something about which to write home.他终于有了给家里写信的内容了。
　　He had no key with which to open the door.他没有开门的钥匙。
　　He has a small room in which to live.
　　【运用定语从句时应注意的几个问题】
　　1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应和先行词的人称和数保持一致。
　　This is one of the books which were written by Mark Twain.这是马克吐温所写的书中的一本。(先行词是books，因此动词应用were。)
　　2. 关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当一个句子成分，因此要注意避免从句中句子成分的重复出现。
　　This is the most beautiful place that I have visited it.
　　This is the most beautiful place that I have visited. 这是我参观过的最美的地方。(去掉it，因that代替先行词the most beautiful place在定语从句中作visit的宾语，再加it就多余了。)
　　The school where I worked there is a big one.
　　The school where I worked is a big one.我所工作过的学校是一所大学校。(去掉there，因where既引导定语从句，又在从句中代替in the school作状语。)
　　3. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不可省略。
　　The books were on the table were given to you.
　　The books that were on the table were given to you.桌上的那些书是给你的。(关系代词that作主语不能省)
　　4. “one of the +复数名词”后的定语从句中谓语动词的单复数情况。
　　“one of the +复数名词”时，复数名词是先行词，所以谓语动词常用复数形式。如果“one of the +复数名词”前面有the very /only等修饰语，则谓语动词用单数形式，因为先行词是，而不是复数名词。如：
　　He is the only one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班唯一说日语的学生。(the only one是先行词)
　　He is one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班里说日语的学生之一。(students是先行词)
　　5. 定语从句中who和whom的选用。
　　关系代词who/whom引导定语从句时，作主语用主格who，作宾语用宾格whom。在其引导的定语从句带有插入语，而又不用逗号分开时，要用who。
　　Mary is a girl who I think is clever.
　　在定语从句who I think is clever中， I think是插入语，去掉后Mary is a girl who is clever是一个完整的句子，who是定语从句的主语，不能用whom替换。但下面的句子，情况就不同了：
　　Mary is a girl whom I think to be clever.在定语从句whom I think to be clever中，如把I think看作插入语而去掉，则剩下的部分Mary is a girl whom to be clever很明显不是一个完整的句子结构，所以I think不能被看作是插入语，而是定语从句在的主谓结构，whom作think的宾语，to be clever是whom的宾补。
　　6. 定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的选择取决于它们在从句中所充当的句子成分。如作主语和宾语用关系代词；作状语，用关系副词。
　　I’ll never forget the day when I went abroad myself.(when在从句中代替时间状语on the day，此句可分解为I’ll never forget the day. I went abroad myself on the day.)
　　I’ll never forget the days that we spent together.(that代替the days，在从句中作spent的宾语，该句可分解为I’ll never forget the days. We spent the days together.)
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