第七讲:高考来了,怎么样避开中考语法填空解题技巧题中的生词

第七讲:高考来了,怎么样避开语法填空题中的生词?
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第七讲:高考来了,怎么样避开语法填空题中的生词?
第七讲:高考来了,怎么样避开语法填空题中的生词?[2]这一讲,我们继续讨论,怎么样绕过生词,得到这些题的基本分。一个语法填空题是15分,我们的目标是九分到十一分,当然,多多益善。对于单词量不多的同学,在做题的时候,我们会遇到很多生词。这些生词会让我们感到烦恼和无助,特别是在考场上,我们不能求助任何人,连神灵都被监考员挡在外面了。怎么办呢?其实,我们掌握下面两个要领,我们是可以避开很多生词的。1]先注意,开篇的动词是不是有加ed的?是不是出现was,were,had等词了?如果是,这文章也许是讲过去的事情的。填空的时候,某个动词也许要用过去时态。2]再注意,语法填空中,能影响词形变化的,也许就是空格前后的几个单词,所以,其他很远距离的词,可以先不看,那就可以避开那些烦恼了。现在,我们举例说明:2015年新课标II卷语法填空真题原文The adobe dwellings __61__ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __62__ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __63___(able) to “air condition” a house without __64__(use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat__65___(slow)during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __66_(cool) the house during the hot day: _67__ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle __68 __ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures. As __69__ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _70__ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.讲解:关注怎么样略去不会的词,怎么样可以省略做题的时间The adobe dwellings __61__只关注dwellings这个词前面有the,加s,应该是一个名词,所以,build只能是谓语动词或非谓语动词,这样,我们就不用管adobe dwellings 是什么意思了(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 我们只关注by even …… most 就可以了。注意,most是最高级啊,应该加一个the,对吗?__62__ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their我们只关注their……able就可以了。their它们的,后面肯定是某样东西,它们的东西嘛,所以,able一定是名词 __63___(able) to “air condition” a house without 我们关注without……use就可以了。注意,without是介词,后面动词要用什么形式?__64__(use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat关注give out that heat……slow就可以了。Slow慢慢的,遇到给形容词,就先考虑一下,该不该变成副词,慢慢地?__65___(slow)during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 关注are now cool enough to……cool the house就可以了。注意,在此,cool是动词,表示冷却,让……凉爽的意思__66_(cool) the house during the hot day:关注the same time就可以了,the same time同时,在前面,应该加一个什么词? _67__ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle关注this……go day after day就可以了。因为,cycle也许我们不认识__68 __ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As关注as……a ……architects就可以了。也许我们不认识architects,但是,它加s了,应该是一个名词 __69__ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly关注也许你会的……thick the……walls need就可以了 _70__ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.开始做题:61:本句The adobe dwellings __61__ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired谓语是are admired,已经有谓语了,所以,build只能是非谓语,因为一个句子只有一个谓语。关于这一点,请大家关注今后的讲座。关注,build 后的by,表示的是“被”,是被动的象征。所以,我们试试看,把build变成过去分词,表示被动:The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians 的意思是“被the Pueblo Indians建起来的东西” The adobe dwellings 不认识,就翻译成东西。请关注以后的讲座。62:最高级前面加the,the most……63:able的名词形式是ability.64: without 介词,后面动词加ing。记住这个原则:介词后面的动词加ing.65: give out 给出……实际上,是放出,是动词,只能共slowly修饰,表示慢慢地放出,所以,我们的分析是正确的。66:如果你记得enough to 足以,那么马上就知道 cool前,应该加一个to了。不过,不知道也不要紧。不过,你要先记得,to加动词,有 “来怎么样”的意思,本句就是某物足够来怎么样,所以,cool前面加to。记住这一点,十分重要。在今后的讲座中,我们会详细解释,用最简单的方式记住它。67:At the same time是习惯用语,意思是:在同时。所以,本空填at68:this……go day after day:this什么东西是主语,第三人称单数。什么叫做第三人称单数,请看本人发的《十秒钟记住第三人称单数》。动词三单,现在时,加s。根据前后段落的句子Southwest are admired和The walls warm up during the day,本段落讲的是现在的事情。69:既然architects是名词,翻译成“东西”,那么,nature就只能是形容词,表示什么样的,[nature] architects翻译成“什么样的东西”。nature 自然,形容词“自然的”是naturalarchitects:建筑师。不知道它是什么意思,也是可以的吧?70:……thick the……walls need. thick意思是 “厚”梳理一下:……厚那墙壁需要……想想,应该是什么意思?在这里,就是考汉语了!答案: 那墙需要多厚!填一个多少,多么 how总结:我们的做题,就是要尽力去避免不会的,放大会的。希望这一讲,对大家有所启示。复习做题方法:1]先注意,开篇的动词是不是有加ed的?是不是出现was,were,had等词了?如果是,这文章也许是讲过去的事情的。填空的时候,某个动词也许要用过去时态。2]再注意,语法填空中,能影响词形变化的,也许就是空格前后的几个单词,所以,其他很远距离的词,可以先不看,那就可以避开那些烦恼了。下一讲:填好高考语法填空题目中那些不给词的空
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广东高考语法填空解题技巧及剖析
语法填空的考查范围: 1 语境(上下文) ; 2 语法:动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式) 、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭 配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。 语法填空的能力要求: 1.阅读/理解语篇的能力 2.分析句子结构的能力 3.熟练运用语法的能力 4.单词拼写能力 简单句: 五种基本句型 转折 因果 联合 选择 名词性从句并列句句子的 类型 复合句主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 时间,地点 原因,目的 结果,条件 方式,让步形容词性从句:副词性从句: 状语从句下面是一些基本语法的解析,结合以往的一些单项选择考题作为理解之用(加深对基础语法 的理解,对各个部分都有指导作用): 一、动词(谓语/非谓语) 给出动词的原形, 根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。 填动词形式, 首先抓住主谓结构, 确定主句,剩下的部分,如有连词,则是句子,仍然有主谓结构,否则就用非谓语;是谓语 就思考时态,语态,主谓一致,是非谓语就看主动被动,有否先后关系。 动词及动词短语辨析 主要考查的知识点:每年必考的考点,主要从以下几个角度来命题:①习惯性用法。测试语 境中动词的词义辨析;测试一些习惯用语中的动词;测试一些系动词。②下列动词组成的短 语:break,carry,come,get,give,go,look,pick,send,set,take,turn。⑤ 英语词组的 深层含义挖掘、 多种含义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点。 每年的高考英语科考试大纲中虽列 出了单词和词组,但并未注明其具体的含义,这就给命题者留下了自由的伸缩空间。所以在 复习时,不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义,要大胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘。如:go out 便可 挖掘出以下含义:出去;出国;发出去;贴出去;出去参加社交活动;离家出去工作;压塌; (火)熄灭;过时;死去;消失;辞职;下台;结束;罢工等。 (在完形填空中多加注意) 【例 17】Two or three years ago this kind of glass es was a favorite with the children,but now it _______ . A. has gone over B. has gone out C. goes by D. is going down 【答案】B 【解析】go out 在这是“过时”之意。答案选 B。 【例 18】They’ve _______ us £150,000 for the house. Shall we take it? A. provided B. supplied C. shown D. offered 【答案】D 【解析】 解答本题时不能只依据表面意思来选择。 provide 表示“提供”之意, 但常构成 provide sb. with sth.(提供某人某物)或 provide sth.for sb.(提供某物给某人) ;supply 也表示“提供” 之意,但常构成:supply sb. with sth. 或 supply sth.to sb;show 意为“带路,给某人看”,不 合句意;offer 常用为:offer sb. sth.(提供某物给某人) 。所以答案是 D。 【例 19】To everybody’s surprise,the fashionable young lady _______ to be a thief. A. found out B. proved out C. putout D. turned out 【答案】D 【解析】find out 表示“打听,查明”;prove out 搭配错误;putout 表示“扑灭, 熄灭”;turn out 表示“证明是,结果是”。故答案为 D。 1. … Ms Chen (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. (广州一模) 2. … I was certain she would like it because I (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. (广州一模) 3. … The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,__________ (change) to the library at the last minute. .(广州二模) 4. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he __________ (break) his finger. (深二模) 5. The child, Nicole Hobson, (take) by her mother to Children's Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check …(汕头二模) 6. A transit spokesman said the driver should (make) radio call to the control center for help. (汕头二模) 7. An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that (encourage) students to study abroad. (茂名二模) 8. One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldn’t have been there if he ______ (watch)the weather forecast the day before. (梅州二模) 9. We must also consider the reaction of the person (receive) the gift. (广州一模) 10 … With the problem (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. .(广州二模) 11 … I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_________ (complete) the rest. .(广州二模) 12. There, (place) neatly beside the empty dish ,were two nickels and five pennies―her tip! (深一模) 13. ( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. (茂名二模) 14. Storms swept along New Mexico's border with Texas on Friday, ______(destroy) homes and other buildings and injuring…(梅州二模) 15.We must practise speaking and (write) the language whenever we can. 16.but it is not enough only (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (佛山一模) 17. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything ______ (present) to him without any effort on his part. (东莞一模) Keys: 1. has taught / has been teaching /had taught /had been teaching 2. was told/ had been told 3. was changed 4. had broken 5. was being taken 6. have made 7. encourages 8. had watched 9. receiving 10. solved 11. to complete12. placed 13. compared 14. destroying 15. writing 16. to writing 17. presented 二、名词 主要考查的知识点:名词的用法,语境中词性的判断,词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给 一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空, 重点复习: ①掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系 (名词单复数的使用受冠词、 数词和主谓一致等语法的制约,因此复习名词单复数时,应注意分析名词前的数词、量词、 冠词等修饰语情况,还应注意主谓一致问题) 。②熟悉、区别可数不可数(英语中有些名词 有时为可数名词,而有时又是不可数名词,其区别由各自不同的用法而定,这是名词可数性 用法的难点) 。如:work 工作,不可数名词;著作 作品,可数;工厂 作坊,可数;工程 工 事,可数。③ 掌握名词所有格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法,特别注意 else 的所有格、 双重所有格的用法。 【例 7】The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _______ of 60 miles. A. length B. distance C. way D. space 【答案】B【解析】本题考搭配,from at a distance of...从……的距离。选 B。 考点 3 代词 主要考查的知识点:不定代词和替代词的用法,It 的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点:① 指 代必须准确无误。② 在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时,要注意它们在句 中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。③ 疑问代词的用法。④ it,one,that 是高考命 题锁定的三个代词。 【例 8】―Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? ― _______ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 【答案】C 【解析】根据句中 three 一词,可以相应的判断答语中应用表示三者的词,即在 A、B、C 中选择。另外,从语境上看,问者询问的是“我应该走哪条路可以到达乡村?”而 从答话人的语气看,应是“哪条路(任何一条路)都可以”。故选 C。 三、代词 主要考查的知识点:不定代词和替代词的用法,It 的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点:① 指 代必须准确无误。② 在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时,要注意它们在句 中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。③ 疑问代词的用法。④ it,one,that 是高考命 题锁定的三个代词。 【例 8】―Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? ― _______ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 【答案】C 【解析】根据句中 three 一词,可以相应的判断答语中应用表示三者的词,即在 A、B、C 中选择。另外,从语境上看,问者询问的是“我应该走哪条路可以到达乡村?”而 从答话人的语气看,应是“哪条路(任何一条路)都可以”。故选 C。 考点 4 形容词 副词 主要考查的知识点:形容词作定语,形容词和副词的比较等级,词义比较等。 重点复习: ①形容词和副词均属修饰性词类, 但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法, 高考非常注重对此进行考查,在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。 (形容词与连 系动词连用及修饰名词;修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词)②两 个事物进行比较应用比较级, 三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。 ③形容词和副词在 特定的语境中词义的比较。④比较级的程度修饰语(much,very much,a lot,a great deal, far,by far,even,still,a bit,a little,rather,any,数词,倍数,分数,百分数等) 易 。⑤ 混副词的辨析。如:specially /especially/ particularly 等。 【例 9】―What do you think of the film we saw last night? ―I feel _______ that the film is well worth seeing once again? A. strong B. strongly C. hardly D. hard 【答案】B 【解析】that 引导一个宾语从句,由此可以判断 feel 在此不是一个连系动词, 而是一个实义动词。I feel strongly that...“我坚信……”。故答案为 B。 挖掉代词,句子的结构受到破坏,句子间出现不连贯。 1. …I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax . (广州二模) 2. The little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. (深一模) 3. …the driver did to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.(汕头 二模) 4.If you give your children … that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard as unfit or unable persons. (深圳罗湖) 5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of were self-funded students,…(茂名二模) 6.Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear spoken.(佛山一模) Keys: 1. myself 2. his 3. nothing 4. themselves 5. them 6. it 四、冠词 主要考查的知识点:冠词的基本用法、零冠词的用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。 复习重点: (1)定冠词的用法:主要是一些记忆性的东西,比较繁杂,可以记几个顺口溜: 特指双熟悉,上文已提及;世上独无二,序数最高级;普转专有名,习语及乐器。 ①“特指”指某些人或事物。如:The Englishmen in the dining room are having supper now.② 谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物,即“语境特指”。如:Take the medicine.③ 上文已提及的人或事 物,即“前照应特指”。如:He bought a house. I have been to the house. ④ 世界上独一无二的事 物。如:The sun sets.⑤ 序数词或形容词最高级前。如:I live on the second floor.⑥ 由普通名词 构成的专有名词前。如:The United States.⑦ 一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前。如:in the way, by the hour,on the other hand,all the year round,play the piano the violin. 2)不加冠词的几种情况:下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;专有名词不可数,学科球类 三餐饭;复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。① 名词前 已有作定语用的 this,that,some,any,my 等限定词。② 专有名词和不可数名词前。如: Unity is strength.③ 表示学科的名词前。如:Economics is different from politics.④ 球类活动的 名词及三餐总称前。如:He likes playing football and always has supper outside. ⑤ 复数名词表 示泛指(一类人或事物)时。如:They are students and we are teachers.⑥ 节日、季节、星期、 月份前。如:Spring follows winter. We have few classes on Sunday.⑦ 表示颜色、语种和国家的 非全称名词前。如:White is a beautiful color in China.⑧ 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如: Where is Dad, Mum?Bush was made president of the USA again.⑨ 某些习惯短语中。 in bed, 如: in spite of,by chance,lose heart,catch fire,catch sight of,go to school,find fault with,make use of,take exception to(反对)(零冠词在语法填空的练习中只出现过一次,正规模拟考 。 试中没有出现过,我们只作了解,不作为重点。 ) 3)不定冠词的几种特殊用法:① 专有名词前用不定冠词,表示“像……的一个人或物”。如: He thinks he is a Napoleon.② 姓名前用不定冠词,表示“某个叫……的人”,多指不认识的人。 如:A Miss Smith came to see you that afternoon.③ 用于某些物质名词前,表示“一种、一份、 一阵”等。如:―What would you like to drink?―A tea and a coffee.④ 用于某些抽象名词前, 使抽象概念具体化。 这种用法的名词有 surprise, knowledge, success, failure, pleasure, interest, joy 等等。 如: his efforts ended in failure.⑤ All 不定冠词用在 population, history, area, height, weight,depth,length,speed 等词前。如:To escape the pull of the earth,a rocket must reach a speed of40,000 km h。 【例 6】Of all the subjects,I like______ history the best because it gives us _______ useful knowledge of things in the past. A. the;a B. /;a C. the D. / 【答案】B【解析】history 是不可数名词,前面一般不加冠词;knowledge 也是不可数名词, 但 knowledge 前加不定冠词,后跟 of 时组成 a knowledge of 结构,表示“对……精通、了 解”。所以答案为 B。 1.… But my mood quickly changed when I saw_____ first question. (广州二模) 2… Then I went to the department store … and bought her expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. .(广州一模) 3. Tom, 8―year―old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop. (深一模) 4.He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _____ good many other things. (深二模) 5. I told the bus driver that my baby had just had heart operation and that she was having ____ heart failure. (汕头二模) 6.Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also _____ comparatively cheap one.(东莞一模) Keys: 1. the 2. an 3. an 4. a 5. a 6. a 五、介词 介词为虚词,不能单独充当句子成分,必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语,才能 充当句子成分。介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语。介词的用法比较复杂,在 英语学习中须多多注意。 想看基础知识,请看介词。 下面我们来学点介词口诀。帮你快速记单词。 一、介词及介词短语 介词像个“游离体” 名前动后常出现, , 一旦组成“某结构” 句中成分有一位。 , “介+宾”叫“介短”, 作“形、副”句里边。 “宾补、表、定、状” 都能用得上① , 。 “动+介”――动词性② “及、不及物”谓语用。 , 成语、习语常固定, 应用起来有弹性。 注 ① 介词后面的名词、代词或数词是介词的宾语,介词和介词宾语合成介词短语。介词短 语在句中的语法作用相当于形容词或副词,在句中做宾(主)语、补足语、表语、定语或状 语。 ②“动词+介词(副词)”组成一个动词词组或短语动词,其语法作用相当于一个及物动词或 不及物动词,在句中作谓语。二、介词在句中的位置 介词活跃句关键, 短语合成形简单, 独作成分看不见, 介短表定状可担。 before 时空在之前, after 之后 off 远。 直上 over,above 斜, under,below 下相反。 直到 till,on 表面, 穿过 through,for 因缘。 by 表旁边 in 里面, with 伴随 by 车船。 时间地点 at、in、on, 二者 between 多 among, behind 后面 beside 旁, 附近 near 沿着 along。 from 来自 like 像, 表示目的 for,to 当。 of 所属周围 round, 向上 up 向下 down。三、on,at,in 用法巧记 on,at,in 这三个常用介词都可以表示时间和地点,但具体用法不同,多数学生对它们混淆 不清。现在只要记住了口诀,就可避免 at,on,in 的种种误用。1. on,in,at 表示时间 on“在具体某一天”① “当某时” ,动名词, arrival,death 前; 用 in 一般“上”“下”“晚”; on 用于天,in 用于月、季、年③ ; 限定三时 in 要变。④ at 是个时间点, “工作” “时刻”与“圣诞”⑤。 at noon(night) ,in the day, 习惯用语记心间。 注:①on 表示在具体某一天及具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上。 例 On Mother's Day, we should sned flowers to our mother. 母亲节,我们应该送花给我们的母 亲。 On my arrival home,I found he had gone already.当我到家时,我发现他已经走了。 ② 当 early,late 用于句首修饰介词短语时,尽管表示具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上,都 要用 in,泛指一般的上、下午,晚上也用 in 。 例 Early in the morning of National Day,I got up to catch the first bus to the zoo. 国庆节一清 早,我便起床去赶到动物园的第一班公共汽车。 My father begins work at 8:00 in the morning and stops work at 4:00 in the afternoon. 我父 亲上午 8 点上班,下午 4 点下班。 ③于将来时态表示“过一段时间后” 及表示“在……期间” 和“在某个季节,某年、某月” 都 用 in。 例 I hear he’ll be back in a month.我听说他将于一个月后回来。 In the course of the last lesson in French,little Franz was listening to the master very attentively.在那最后一堂法语课中,小弗朗兹非常用心地听着老师讲。 Xiao Ming was born in December of 2004. 小明生于 2004 年 12 月。④当 morning,afternoon,evening 有前位定语或后置定语限定时,就不用 in 而用 on。 例 on a hot (summer) noon 在一个炎热(夏天)的中午 on Monday Morning 在星期一上午 on the morning of March 8th 在 3 月 8 日上午⑤ 表示某时某刻及在 work,Christmas 前用 at。 例 We get up at eight o’clock. 我们 8 点起床。 My father are busily at work all day. 我父亲整天忙于工作。 In western countries children get present from their parents at Christmas. 在西方国家,孩子们 在圣诞节得到父亲给的礼物。2. on,in,at 表示地点 on“在之上”接触面,“靠近、接壤、左右边”① ; in“在里面”和“中间”② ; at 表示小地点, “入口、车站、电影院”③ ; home 出现定语、冠, 须用 in 把 at 换④ ; “夜间、车辆”若有限, 及“在途中”on 在前⑤ 。 注: ① 在表示地点时,指“在……之上(与表面接触)” “靠近、接壤”及“在左右边”都用 on。 例 There is an English-Chinese dictionary and two grammar books on the big desk.那张大写字 台上有一本英汉词典和两本语法书。 Korea lies on the northeast of China. 朝鲜位于中国东北方。 Tom was sitting on my left when we saw the film yesterday. 我们昨天看电影时,汤姆坐在我 左边。②表示“在??里面” (即物体内部)“在??中间” , (即 middle 前)都用 in。 例 Jim turned the key in the lock and opened the door. 吉姆把钥匙插在锁孔里,转动一下, 打开了门。 Soon they were in the middle of the river. 很快他们就游到了河中间。 1.I was always told that the three Ps,…,were a sure path_______ success. (广州二模) 2.&Don't be always particular _ your present work and income. (惠州一模) 3. It began to make sense to me that I could include praise along ______ constructive criticism. (深二模) 4. He showed the public a limited edition four-wheel drive car, which is especially made _______his personal taste. (梅州一模) 5. Five were in critical condition______ head trauma(外伤, 损伤), said Liz Crouch, the center's chief operating officer. (梅州二模) 6.There is no easy way to success language learning. Keys: 1. to 2. about 3. with 4. to 5. with 6. in 7. ninth 六、连词(从属连词/并列连词) A) 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词 what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether; 副词从句引导词 where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until … 1. … Many things must be considered such as the person is interested in and how old he is. (广州一模) 2.My face turned red on hearing __ my mother said. (惠州一模) 3. she would point out they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed. (深圳罗湖) 4.The American Academy of Pediatrics (儿科) says children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.(四校联考) 5. I almost started to yell his name _____ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. (深二模) 6. children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent. 7. Statistics show that China carried out the opening - up policy, a total of one million students have gone abroad for study. (茂名二模) 8. we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. (佛山一模) 9. Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely _________ the danger lies. Keys: 1. what 2. what 3. what 4. what 5. when 6. Unless 7. since 8. If 9. where B) 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如 and, but, or, though, although, so… 挖掉关联词, 要想补上连词,思路必须与作者思路相吻合。 1.… I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered I finally found the solution. (广州二模) 2.… I asked my classmates about her interest I made my final decision. (广 州一模) 3.Tom, an 8―year―old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop sat at a table.(深一模) 4. It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework, with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home. (深圳罗湖) Keys: 1. until 2. and 3. and 4. but 七、情态动词 主要考查的知识点:情态动词的基本含义和用法;情态动词表推测的用法以及“情态动词 + have+ v ed”结构等。 重点复习:① may might,can could 表 示 可 能。②must can could may might(have done) 表示对过去发生事情的推测。③ should ought to + have + done 表示对过去的责备。④ would rather + have done 以及 had better + have done 表示后悔。 will shall 表示请求, ⑤ 许可。 could ⑥ might should have done 表示虚拟语气。 【例 16】―Summer Holiday is drawing near. Are you going home for the holiday? ―I haven’t decided yet. I go home,but it depends on the weather. A. must B. need C. may D. will 【答案】 【解析】 C 本题考查情态动词表示可能性的用法。 must 表示非常肯定的语气, need 不用于肯定,will 表示“意愿”,而 may 表示把握不大的一种可能性,后面常跟 but 分句。 故答案为 C。 八、形容词/副词 主要考查的知识点:形容词作定语,形容词和副词的比较等级,词义比较等。 重点复习: ①形容词和副词均属修饰性词类, 但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法, 高考非常注重对此进行考查,在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。 (形容词与连 系动词连用及修饰名词;修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词)②两 个事物进行比较应用比较级, 三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。 ③形容词和副词在 特定的语境中词义的比较。④比较级的程度修饰语(much,very much,a lot,a great deal, far,by far,even,still,a bit,a little,rather,any,数词,倍数,分数,百分数等) 易 。⑤ 混副词的辨析。如:specially /especially/ particularly 等。 【例 9】―What do you think of the film we saw last night? ―I feel _______ that the film is well worth seeing once again? A. strong B. strongly C. hardly D. hard 【答案】B 【解析】that 引导一个宾语从句,由此可以判断 feel 在此不是一个连系动词, 而是一个实义动词。I feel strongly that...“我坚信……”。故答案为 B。 1. One of the (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. (广州一模) 2. I put the paper aside and turned to the _____ one, at the top of which…(深二模) 3. Many other actors are __ __ (badly)off than me at present,…(惠州一模) 4. In 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being self-fund students, 20% than the year before. (茂名二模) Keys: 1. worst 2. next/other 3. worse 4. more九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词(短语)在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有 though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise,first, second, then, finally, in a word 等等。 1. This, , didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. (广州二模) 2. Don’t always scold and give lots of praise . (深圳罗湖) Keys: 1. however 2. instead 十、词形变化或者词性变化. 给出单词的原形,通过句子分析,缺少什么成分,再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比 较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。 1… Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (广州一模) 2. … (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest. (广州 二模) 3. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit (patience). (深一模) 4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said (rude). (深一模) 5. I don’t know if he placed the poem next to the failing grade to ______ (soft) the blow, but it work. (深二模) 6. I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. (惠州一模) 7. you have done well and made great achievement in the _ (entertain) field. (惠一模) 8. These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work.(茂名二模) 9. …to check her (recent) inserted (插入) pacemaker. (汕头二模) 10.The tornadoes damaged several______(new) built buildings,…(梅州二模) 11.Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help children become creative…(四校联考) 12 they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _______ (excite) football match. (东莞一模) Keys: 1. appreciation 2. Fortunately 3. impatient 4. rudely 5. soften 6. misunderstand 7. entertainment 8. contributions 9. recently 10. newly 11.beneficial 12.exciting 十一、特殊句型(或固定短语) 考查对固定结构(短语)的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。 1.It was not long the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table. 2. … was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG! (广州一模) 3. So careless was I _______ I had forgotten all about that. (深二模) 4.…&as a matter of _ , you have done well and made great achievement…(惠州一模) 5.When Carettson, 29, a passenger, was trying to bring Nicole's life…(汕头二模) 6. The child was stricken about a mile away the hospital. (汕头二模) Keys: 1. before 2. It 3. that 4. fact 5. back 6. from 十二、定语从句的引导词. 主要考查的知识点:引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择,非限制性定语从句,由 whose,where,when,that,as 和“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句是高考的热点。 复习重点:①when 引导的定语从句。② where 引导的定语从句和地点状语从句、表语从句的 区别。③ which 引导非限制性定语从句时(句子作先行词)和并列句的区别。④ 引导的定 as 语从句“such...as、the same...as”,以及和目的 结果状语从句的辨别。⑤ 分隔式定语从句的识 别。⑥ 能够区别定语从句和同位语从句。 【例 10】I’ll never forget the days ________ I lived in the factory with the workers,_______ is a great help to my article. A. that;which B. when;which C. which;that D. when;who 【答案】B 【解析】第一空后的分句中的谓语动词是不及物动词 live,其后不需要宾语, 只需要作状语的关系副词,故第一空用 when;而第二个句子是对前面整个句子进行说明, 因此用 which。故答案为 B。 必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断, 从而补出引导词, 这本身就是考查逻辑思维能 力。 1.…The exam, was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(广州二模) 2… Then I went to the department store I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. (广州一模) 3. It was a poem about me, ______ included the time …(深二模) 4. At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students _______came back to China after study. (茂名二模) 5. More and more Chinese students go abroad for study, is supported by the Chinese government. (茂名二模) Keys: 1. which 2. where 3. which 4. who 5. which 十三、状语从句 主要考查的知识点:时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。 重点复习: ①时间状语从句, 尤其是 as, since, while, when, before, until 等连接词。 when ② / where 引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。③ 让步状语从句的倒装。④ 与非谓语动词作状语 的区别和转化。 【例 11】After the war,a new school building was set up ______ there has once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. what D. who 【答案】B 【解析】这是 where 引导的状语从句,不能将其视为定语从句,因为没有先行 词。 十四、名词性从句 主要考查的知识点:名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。 重点复习:①whether,if 和 that 的区别。② that 从句和 wh- 从句的区别。③ wh- 引导的名 词性从句不含疑问意义, 相当于一个名词后加定语从句。 如: The book is where you left it just now.④ 连接代词和连接副词的选择。 【例 12】―Excuse me,but can you tell the way to this small town? ―It depends on you go. There are several ways of getting there. A. where B. how C. when D. whether 【答案】B 【解析】本题主要考查几个不同的疑问词引导名词性从句时意义上的区别。乍 一看, 本题四个选项都符合空白处的句意。 但看完题目的最后一句话中的信息后方可判断应 该是“怎样走”。故答案为 B。 十五、 时态、语态 主要考查的知识点:动词的时态、语态是每年的必考点,也是历年高考重点考查的项目,通 常考 2~ 3 个小题。重点考查的是现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、 完成进行时等, 多和语态一起考查; 且通常以对话的形式出现且常出现两种时态混合在一起 进行比较。时态理解不准确是考生常见的错误。把握住命题人的意图是至关重要的。一般来 说, 命题人在考查时态这个内容时总是设置一个语言情景来实现, 所以理解语言情景是关键, 同时要在这个语言环境里找到动作发生的时间或隐含的时间关系, 只要理解了情景与动作的 时间关系,对照选项,就不难把握命题意图。注意不要断章取义,同时还要注意时态一致。 重点复习:①一般现在时和一般过去时的区别。②现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。③一般 过去时同过去完成时的区别。 ④一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区 别。⑤“系动词 + 过去分词”的用法。如:get paid;remain covered;look lost 等形式的用 法。⑥ 进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法。 【例 13】―What were you up to when your parents came in? ―I _______ for a while and _______ some reading. A. was playing;was going to do B. played;did C. had played;was going to do D. had played;did 【答案】C 【解析】play 动作在 came 之前,所以用过去完成时态,而 do some reading 的 动作则即将开始。 【例 14】Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查“连系动词 + 过去分词”的用法。答案为 A。 十六、 非谓语动词和独立主格结构 主要考查的知识点:非谓语动词每年必考,通常考 1~ 3 小题,主要考查① -ing、不定式 v 作宾语的区别。② 非谓语动词作宾补的区别。③ 非谓语动词作状语的区别。④ 非谓语动词作 定语时的区别。⑤ 非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。 (注意:多次模拟试题的 语法填空中都有考到非谓语动词。 ) 重点复习:①识别非谓语动词在句中的成分,不定式、v -ing 形式、过去分词各自所作的成 分是不同的。② 识记哪些动词只能接不定式作宾语,哪些动词只能接动名词作宾语,哪些动 词接不定式或动名词作宾语没有太大区别, 哪些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语区别很大, 哪 些动词接带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语,哪些动词接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。 (stop,forget,remember,regret..etc.)③ have、 get 、make 等动词所接的宾语补语的选用。④ 非谓 语动词作状语和状语从句的联系和区别。⑤ 熟悉解题方法。解此类题时,可用“三步曲” : 首先要根据语法知识弄清句子结构, 看选项作何成分, 结合搭配和句式习惯确定是何种非谓 语动词形式; 第二步, 根据非谓语动词所表示的动作与句子谓语的动作发生的先后确定用何 种非谓语动词的时态;第三步,按照非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定语态,如果逻辑主 语不是句子的主语,那就可判断要么是状语从句,要么是独立主格结构。 【例 15】Mark often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A. having been fined B. to be fined C. to have been fined D. being fined 【答案】D 【解析】escape 后须接动词 - ing 形式,而句子主语为 fine 的承受者,故用被 动式。attempt 和 fine 之间并无先后关系,因此不能用完成时态。故答案为 D。 十七、 倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构及其他 主要考查的知识点:从历届高考题可以看出,高考并没有完全放弃测试语言形式。语言知识 这类的题目, 尤其是强调和倒装两部分, 在语法填空中有考查到强调句和 it 作形式主语+that 引导主语从句的辨析。从试题分析来看,加大知识类题目的结构复杂程度和句意理解难度, 注重知识类题目的情景化是近几年高考命题的趋势。 重点复习: ①考查知识之间的相互交叉的现象, 加强综合考查语法知识的力度应该是这一内 容命题的新趋势。②it 形式主语和 there be 句型的结合。③ 强调句和定语从句的结合。④ 情 态动词和反意疑问句的结合。 祈使句和反意疑问句的结合。 主谓一致和时态语态的结合。 ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ 独立主格结构、平行结构和从句的结合。 【例 20】I failed in the final examination last term and only then _______ the importance of studies. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realized 【答案】D 【解析】这是一道倒装和时态结合考查的题目。only then 位于句首,句子应进 行部分倒装。“意识到”的动作是指“过去某时的动作”,而不是指 failed 之前的动作。所以答 案为 D。 【例 21】The teacher,with 6 girls and8 boys of her class,_______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. Was B. were C. had been D. would be 【答案】 【解析】 A 这是一道时态和主谓一致交叉考查的试题。 with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class 补充说明 the teacher,谓语动词的数应和 the teacher 保持一致。因事情发生在地震的 时候,谓语动词应用过去进行时。故答案为 A。真题剖析 广东高考语法填空题究竟考什么?怎么考?请看下面的研究结果吧。只有数据事实最具说服力。 1.考什么? (Ⅰ)纯空格形式的考点如下表: 测试内容 内 冠词 介词 物主代词 指示代词 代词 人称代词 37 不定代词 32(宾从) 从属连词 连词 并列连词 (II)用所给词的适当形式填空的考点如下: 测试内容 内 容 非 谓 动 词 语 动 词 -ing 分词 31 谓语动词的时态,语态 形容词或副词的比较级 词性转换 38 merrily broke 40 38 39 results higher natural 不定式 -ed 分词 34 settled 2007 年 题号 答案 2008 年 题号 32 答 案 to help 36(定从) who where 35(同位) That 37 but/yet Other/Some 40 her 34 this/it 容 2007 年 题号 35 33 39 答案 a as for 31 36 33 Behind/In after/from his 2008 年 题号 答 案根据此表,我们知道,语法填空的考点或考查内容是: (1)纯空格题:通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。 (2)用括号中所给词填空:通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等 级、词类转换等。 特别提醒: (1)在纯空格题中,两年都没有要求考生根据上下文填写名词、动词、形容词和副词。我们认为, 其原因有二: 一是根据语境推测出要填哪一个名词、动词、形容词或副词,是完形填空要考查的内容,若在语 法填空中考查,是越权,是多管闲事; 二是“语法填空”顾名思义是考语法,而根据语境填这四类词同语法规则关系不大,与“语法填 空”名不符实。不过,less, more, most 等词是可能在纯空格类题中考查的,因为这涉及到到 语法――比较等级。 (2)我们认为,倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词(do, does, did),以及情态动词、强 调结构中的 it, that 等都可能在纯空格题中进行考查,名词的数和所有格也可能在用括号中所 给词填空中进行考查,同学们千万不可忽视。 2. 怎么考?首先,请看下表: 设题密度 短 年份 文 长 度 最 多 填 词 最 长 (词) 最 短 (词) 纯空格 题 题数 单 词 提 示 答案 题 平均 长度 (字母) 首 字 母 大 写 题197 1791 236 325 67 63 44.1 4.51 1根据此表,我们可以得出如下结论: (1)短文来源:都来自网上。 2008 年:http://english.cri.cn/-21/68@299043.htm 2007 年:http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1990_Feb/ai_)短文长度:170-200 词。 (3)短文难度:没有超出课标的生词,但有课标单词的派生词。 (4)短文题材:或体现文化内涵,或给人心灵以启迪等。 (5)考点设置: (1)纯空格题:设 6-7 个小题。 (2)用括号中所给词填空:设 3-4 个小题。 (6)答案特点: ①纯空格题:试题要求中已明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个适当的词” ,即一个小题或者一个 空格只能填一个单词。两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。 ②用括号中所给词填空:试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空” ,这个词的正确形式究 竟由几个单词组成?两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。 ③所填词(答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词。2007 年高考所填词均长 4.1 个字母,其中,纯空格 的答案只有 2.4 个字母;2008 年所填词均长 4.45 个字母,其中纯空格的答案只有 3.8 个字母。 ④两年都有所填词位于句首,此时第一个字母要注意大写。 ⑤两年都没有要求考生填像 depend on 中的介词 on 这类固定短语中的单词。 特别提醒:尽管两年高考中“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词,但 是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此, 要训练填一个、 两个或多个单词的情况。 非谓语动词中, 带 to 的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词;谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等 也都可能填两个单词,而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词,被动语态至少都要填两个单词。 解题高招 1. 通读全文,把握大意。 既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前,应快速浏览短文,把握全文大意,这一 步非常重要。 2. 结合语境,试填空格。 读懂短文之后, 要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境, 从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺 单词的词性, 再根据句子的结构和意义, 以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给 词的正确形式。具体来说,可按设题类型分为三类情况: (1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。 首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词。然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两 句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下 7 个技巧: 技巧 1:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如: [例 1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second. (2007 年茂名一模) 解析:and 连接前后两个句子,and 后面的句子缺主语,应填名词或代词;结合前一分句,不难 推知, “马上可到达那里”的是 the message,替代 the message 用代词 it。 技巧 2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),很可能是填限定词。 如:[例 2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960―1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly. (2008 年广东高考) 解析:名词 rice crop 前还没有限定词,应当填限定词;根据句意,这个急性子人当然是急于使 “他的”禾苗长得快,故填形容词性物主代词 his。 [例 3]?the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007 年广东高考) 解析:因单数可数名词 town 前还没有限定词,应填限定语;根据句意,是指将车拉到离那里大 约有 20 公里远的一个小镇上去修理,表示“一个” ,用不定冠词,故填 a。 技巧 3:句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介词。 [例 4]? who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house. (2007 年广东高考) 解析:因 a guest 在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语,前面一定是填介词,使其成为该介词的 宾语;又由句意可知,他们“把我当作客人”来接待,表示“当作” ,用介词 as。 技巧 4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。 [例 5]?two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 解析:因与 Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与 Candido Portinari (坎迪多?波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词 之间没有连词,一定是填连词;两者是并列关系,应填 and。 [例 6]?all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008 年深圳一模) 解析:因 melted me 和 gave me 两个动宾短语之间没有连词,一定是填连词;两者是并列关系, 故填 and。 技巧 5:若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连 词或从属连词。 [例 7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008 年广州一模) 解析:因 I wanted to?是一个句子,I was to return?也是一个句子,这两个句子之间没有 连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填连词;根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系,可知“参观这个城市 的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前,故填 before。 [例 8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy? (2008 年广东高考) 解析:因 He was very tired?是一个句子,he felt very happy?也是一个句子,这两个句子 之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填连词;根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系,可知“干了 一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系,故填 but。 技巧 6: 若结构较完整, 空格后的谓语动词是原形, 特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时, 很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did 等)。 [例 9]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another. (2007 珠三角五校联考) 解析:句中 What is acceptable in one country 是主语从句,空格后的 be considered 是谓语; 因其中的 be 是原形,故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词 does(由语境可知是一般现在时,主 语是第三人称单数);由句意及作者的语气可知,需填表示“可能”的情态动词 may。 [例 10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary. 解析:这是一个由 but 连接的并列句,由前一分句的谓语动词 had 是一般过去时可知,后一分句 的谓语动词 bring 也应用一般过去时;可是,bring 却用的是原形,既与语境的时态不附,也与 主语 he 不一致,该句不是倒装句,因此,此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词 did;由 句意和作者的语气推测,应当填对谓语表示强调的助动词 did(的确) 技巧 7:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 (1)由 it is?that?强调结构形式,判断填 it 还是 that。如: [例 11] ?and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (2007 年广州一模) 解析:由句式结构可知,本句为强调句,应填 it。 (2)由倒装句式判断,是填构成倒装的条件的 only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had 等,还是填 do, does, did 等。如: [例 12] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 解析:由 can you expect to?可知,这是倒装句,根据构成倒装的条件可知,应填副词 only, 因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首,句子要用倒装。 (3)由 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格处是否填 it。如: [例 13] ?as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists? (2008 年佛山二模) 解析:由句式结构可知,这是 it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型,本句的不定式 to steal paintings 是真正的主语,空格处填形式主语 it。 [例 14]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008 年惠州二模) 解析:由句式结构可知,to avoid?是真正的宾语,easy 是宾补,空格处应填作形式宾语的 it。 (4)so /such?that?句型。如: [例 15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007 年惠州二模) 解析:由句式结构可知,这是 so?that?句型,应填 that。 (5)more?than? (与其说??不如说??,比??更??)句型。如: [例 16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays. (2007 深圳宝安期末) 解析:由句式结构可知,这是 more?than?句型,故填 that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比, 雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。 (2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。 技巧 8:若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时, 所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。 [例 17]His fear of failure ___36___ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008 年深圳一模) 解析:因主语 His fear of failure 后没有别的谓语动词,需填的动词应为谓语动词;因主语与 keep 是主动关系,应用主动语态;由从句谓语动词 played 可知,要用一般过去时,故填 kept。 [例 18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. (2008 年广州一模) 解析:虽然句中已有谓语动词 declined,但由 and walked 可知,所填词与 declined 和 walked 是并列关系,所以也用一般过去式 closed。 [例 19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007 梅州二模) 解析:因主语 three people 与 take 是被动关系,即三个人被送进医院,故用被动语态;由 were treated 可知,要用一般过去时,故填 were taken。 技巧 9:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词 就要确定用―ing 形式、―ed 形式,还是用不定式形式,确定的方法主要有: (1)作主语或宾语,通常用―ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。如: [例 20] ?but it is not enough only ___35___(memorize) rules from a grammar book. (2007 年佛山一模) 解析:因 it 是形式主语,后面用不定式作真正的主语,故填 to memorize。 [例 21] ______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary? 解析:句中已有谓语 won’t make,所以 speak 应为非谓语动词;谓语前面应为主语,作主语, 表示一般情况,要用动名词短语,故填 Speaking。 (2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语,一般用不定式。如: [例 22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. 解析:因句中已有谓语 will have to work,所以 complete 应为非谓语动词;因“(为了)按计 划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式, 故填 To complete。 [例 23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33___ (succeed). (2008 年佛山一模) 解析:因在形容词 likely 后作状语,要用动词不定式,故填 to succeed。 (3)作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词。 如:[例 24] He saw the stone, ___37___ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008 年东莞一模) 解析:句中已有谓语 saw,所给动词与 saw 不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;又因 He 与 say 是主动关系,故填 saying 作伴随状语。 [例 25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests. 解析: 句中已有谓语 went, follow 又不是与之并列的, 而 故为非谓语动词; 又因 the headmaster 与 follow 是被动关系,故用过去分词 followed 作伴随状语。 (4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用―ing 形 式,是被动关系用―ed 形式。如: [例 26] There will be a meeting, ___40___ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008 年广州二模) 解析:因 a meeting 与 start 是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明 a meeting,故填 starting。 [例 27] Lessons ___39___ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明) 解析:因句中已有谓语 can help,所以 learn 应为非谓语动词;又因 lesson 与 learn 是被动关 系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故填 learned。 (3)、词类转换题的解题技巧 根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有: 技巧 10:作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。如: [例 28] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 解析:因在系动词 felt 后作表语,用形容词,故填 silent。 [例 29] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to? 解析:在冠词与名词之间,要用形容词,作定语,故填 dangerous。 [例 30] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject 解析:因所填词在句中作宾语 most of their students 的补足语,用形容词;表示“感兴趣” , 填 interested。 技巧 11:作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式。如: [例 31] When China ’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 解析: 在时间状语从句中, 要求填的词作主语, China’ ancient scientific and technological s 是主语的定语;作主语要用名词,又由 are 可知,主语是复数,故填 achievements。 [例 32] These people have made great ___39___ (contribute) to China with their work. (2007 年茂名二模) 解析:在句中作及物动词 have made 的宾语,要用名词形式;表示“作贡献” ,其前面没有不定 冠词时,习惯上用复数,故填 contributions。 [例 33] ?instructors expect students to be familiar with ___32___ (inform) in the reading? (2008 年三校联考) 解析:因 with 是介词,在介词后作宾语,要用名词,故填 information。 技巧 12:在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词形式。如: [例 34] ?the remains date from this period because of their ___38___ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008 年广州二模) 解析:在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词,故填 similarities。 [例 35] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. 解析:在冠词后,要用名词,故填 operation。 技巧 13:修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。如: [例 36] As I looked ___32___ (close) at this girl, I fount that? (2008 年深圳一模) 解析:修饰动词 looked,作状语,用副词,故填 closely。 [例 37] There must be something ___40___ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008 潮州 期末) 解析:要求填的词修饰形容词 wrong,作状语,用副词,故填 seriously。 [例 38]Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet ___33___ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time? (2008 年惠州三模) 解析:修饰 because 引导的原因状语从句,修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词,故填 mainly。 技巧 14:括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换,词类不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义 相反的派生词, 需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系, 在词根前加 un―, im―等, 在词根后加―less 等。如: [例 39] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use). 解析: 作表语要用形容词; 又由句意可知, 作者是表达 “没有什么知识是无用的” 故填 useless。 , [例 40] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office. 解析:在名词前作定语,仍用形容词形式;但根据句意可知,错误是引起不必要的麻烦事,故填 unnecessary。 技巧 15:括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词,而是考词类转换;若是 形容词或副词,有可能是考查其比较等级。如: [例 41]?there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist ___34___ (attract)? (2008 年广州一模) 解析:尽管 attract 是动词,但这是考查词类转换的;在句中作介词 about 的宾语,用名词,故 填 attraction。 [例 42]The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could?He jumped even ___36___ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008 年期末) 解析:联系前句,又有 even(更加)的提示,可知这里用比较级,故填 harder。 [例 43]Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexico’s border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said. The ___33___ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007 梅州二模) 解析:结合前段内容,特别是 the 的提示,可知要用 bad 的最高级 worst,表示“最严重的” 。 3. 重读全文,解决难题。 在解题过程中要先易后难,难题在大部分空格填好后,再经过仔细推敲,难题也就不会再难了。 所有空格填好后,把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。
广东高考语法填空题的解题策略 摘要:本文将从命题特点、解题技巧和训练方法三个方面详细地 分析广东省高考的语法填空题型 ,目的在帮助广东省的高中英语教师 在平时的...广东高考语法填空题型分析 广东省东莞市虎门外语学校 罗焕 【摘要】本文主要从题型特点、解题方法和训练方式三个方面详细地分析广东省高 考的语法填 空题型, 旨在...(result) the contrary to our intention.(2008 年广东高考语法填空) 例 17:...同时掌握基本的物理分析方法,以应对考试中一些新型运用题的变化 3.加强选择题...广东高考语法填空题型分析广东高考语法填空题型分析隐藏&& 广东高考语法填空题型分析 【摘要】 摘要】 本文主要从题型特点、 解题方法和训练方式三个方面详细地分析广东...广东高考英语语法填空技巧与方法(老师打印)_英语_高中教育_教育专区。高考英语语法填空技巧与方法一 (1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。 首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词。...2011 年广东高考语法填空解题技巧电白一中高三英语备课组 杨志宁 一、能力要求 1. 阅读/理解语篇的能力; 2. 分析句子结构的能力; 3. 熟练运用语法的能力。 二...2011 年广东高考语法填空解题技巧电白一中高三英语备课组 杨志宁 一、能力要求 1. 阅读/理解语篇的能力; 2. 分析句子结构的能力; 3. 熟练运用语法的能力。 由...技巧篇 C 广东高考 语法填空 (Rational Cloze) 专题讲座 真题剖析阅读下面短文...warmly 根据上表,我们知道,语法填空的考点或考查内容是: 1.纯空格题(6 空)...广东高考英语语法填空15个超使用解题技巧_英语_高中教育_教育专区。广东高考英语语法...具体来说,可按设题类型分为三类情况: (1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。 首先,分析...语法填空题解题技巧_初三英语_英语_初中教育_教育专区。有关高考英语语法填空题解题...广东语法填空题型分析与... 41页 1下载券喜欢此文档的还喜欢 ...
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