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专四华研外语
[ti:Model Test 1]
[ar:华研外语]
[al:英语专业4级命题研究与预测试卷]
[la:en]
[by:华研外语： ]
[00:00.00]华研外语：
[00:16.20]TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS
[00:18.74]-GRADE FOUR-
[00:20.50]Model Test 1
[00:22.91]PART I
DICTATION
[00:26.21]Listen to the following passage.
[00:28.75]Altogether the passage will be read to you four times.
[00:32.85]During the first reading,
[00:34.35]which will be done at normal speed,
[00:36.94]listen and try to understand the meaning.
[00:40.01]For the second and third readings,
[00:42.64]the passage will be read sentence by sentence,
[00:45.63]or phrase by phrase,
[00:47.58]with intervals of 15 seconds.
[00:50.54]The last reading will be done at normal speed again
[00:54.16]and during this time you should check your work.
[00:57.33]You will then be given 2 minutes
[00:59.21]to check through your work once more.
[01:02.06]Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
[01:06.21]Now, listen to the passage.
[01:09.22]What Friendship Means to Americans?
[01:13.01]You might observe that Americans are always talking.
[01:17.30]Silence makes most Americans uncomfortable.
[01:21.36]Generally speaking Americans are friendly to everyone.
[01:25.85]However, don't mistake friendliness for friendship.
[01:30.74]Most Americans have many acquaintances but few close friends.
[01:36.45]The people you are friendly with during the first semester
[01:39.95]may not necessarily stay in touch when classes are over.
[01:44.77]Friendships take time to grow.
[01:47.65]Americans trust relationships that develop slowly.
[01:52.31]Young Americans are friendly and like talking to all kinds of people.
[01:57.59]But don't mistake friendliness for physical attraction.
[02:01.79]Because even when a person is friendly,
[02:04.58]he or she is not necessarily interested in dating you.
[02:09.70]Even if someone accepts a date,
[02:11.96]it doesn't mean that person is ready for an intimate relationship.
[02:16.99]In short, interpersonal relationships in any culture are difficult
[02:22.21]and require the use for judgment in every new situation.
[02:28.49]The second and third readings, you should begin writing now.
[02:33.21]You might observe that Americans are always talking.
[02:51.97]You might observe that Americans are always talking.
[03:09.80]Silence makes most Americans uncomfortable.
[03:27.30]Silence makes most Americans uncomfortable.
[03:45.38]Generally speaking Americans are friendly to everyone.
[04:04.21]Generally speaking Americans are friendly to everyone.
[04:22.33]However, don't mistake friendliness for friendship.
[04:41.17]However, don't mistake friendliness for friendship.
[05:00.02]Most Americans have many acquaintances but few close friends.
[05:19.37]Most Americans have many acquaintances but few close friends.
[05:38.59]The people you are friendly with during the first semester
[05:56.30]The people you are friendly with during the first semester
[06:13.99]may not necessarily stay in touch when classes are over.
[06:32.53]may not necessarily stay in touch when classes are over.
[06:50.66]Friendships take time to grow.
[07:07.60]Friendships take time to grow.
[07:24.53]Americans trust relationships that develop slowly.
[07:43.02]Americans trust relationships that develop slowly.
[08:01.60]Young Americans are friendly and like talking to all kinds of people.
[08:21.00]Young Americans are friendly and like talking to all kinds of people.
[08:39.95]But don't mistake friendliness for physical attraction.
[08:58.15]But don't mistake friendliness for physical attraction.
[09:16.13]Because even when a person is friendly,
[09:18.92]he or she is not necessarily interested in dating you.
[09:37.95]Because even when a person is friendly,
[09:40.50]he or she is not necessarily interested in dating you.
[09:59.62]Even if someone accepts a date,
[10:01.82]it doesn't mean that person is ready for an intimate relationship.
[10:20.91]Even if someone accepts a date,
[10:23.18]it doesn't mean that person is ready for an intimate relationship.
[10:42.06]In short, interpersonal relationships in any culture are difficult
[11:01.34]In short, interpersonal relationships in any culture are difficult
[11:20.63]and require the use for judgment in every new situation.
[11:39.63]and require the use for judgment in every new situation.
[11:58.47]The last reading.
[12:00.40]What Friendship Means to Americans?
[12:04.00]You might observe that Americans are always talking.
[12:08.28]Silence makes most Americans uncomfortable.
[12:12.23]Generally speaking Americans are friendly to everyone.
[12:16.76]However, don't mistake friendliness for friendship.
[12:21.57]Most Americans have many acquaintances but few close friends.
[12:27.36]The people you are friendly with during the first semester
[12:30.94]may not necessarily stay in touch when classes are over.
[12:35.74]Friendships take time to grow.
[12:38.62]Americans trust relationships that develop slowly.
[12:43.35]Young Americans are friendly and like talking to all kinds of people.
[12:48.53]But don't mistake friendliness for physical attraction.
[12:52.82]Because even when a person is friendly,
[12:55.51]he or she is not necessarily interested in dating you.
[13:00.68]Even if someone accepts a date,
[13:02.94]it doesn't mean that person is ready for an intimate relationship.
[13:07.95]In short, interpersonal relationships in any culture are difficult
[13:13.15]and require the use for judgment in every new situation.
[13:18.83]Now, you have two minutes to check through your work.
[15:23.40]That is the end of PART I DICTATION.
[15:28.76]PART II
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
[15:32.14]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.
[15:38.52]Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
[15:42.66]Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
[15:47.85]SECTION A
CONVERSATIONS
[15:51.18]In this section you will hear several conversations.
[15:55.17]Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
[16:01.54]Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation.
[16:06.16]At the end of the conversation,
[16:08.06]you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
[16:12.18]Now, listen to the conversation.
[16:15.62]M: Good morning.
[16:16.80]I understand that you've got a problem with your washing machine.
[16:20.48]I'm from the repair company.
[16:22.70]W: Excellent. Come in please.
[16:25.39]The washing machine is in the bathroom upstairs.
[16:28.60]It keeps breaking down.
[16:30.90]M: When did it first break down?
[16:33.55]W: About ten days ago.
[16:35.59]I've tried to use it since then.
[16:38.00]Sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't.
[16:41.17]It's very frustrating.
[16:43.38]M: Is it still under warranty? If it is and I can't fix it,
[16:48.46]it would be quicker and easier to exchange it for a new one.
[16:52.46]W: Yes, it's still under warranty.
[16:55.33]Over the last few weeks,
[16:57.20]it's also been making a high-pitch noise when it's in use.
[17:01.94]M: Ok. I'll start by looking at the motor.
[17:05.42]I'll just unplug it and take a look inside the machine…
[17:09.58]Oh, yes. There's the problem.
[17:12.81]It's quite simple. I'll sort it out in a few minutes.
[17:17.22]W: What's wrong with it?
[17:19.00]M: Part of the motor is loose.
[17:20.89]I can put it back in place quite easily.
[17:24.32]W: That's great. Thanks very much.
[17:44.21]Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation.
[17:48.75]At the end of the conversation,
[17:50.63]you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
[17:54.51]Now, listen to the conversation.
[17:57.90]W: Hello, this is Helen Bayliss.
[18:00.85]M: Hello, Ms Bayliss.
[18:03.47]I'm phoning from the hospital.
[18:05.86]W: Yes? Has something happened?
[18:08.81]M: I'm afraid your son has had an accident.
[18:12.20]W: What? Oh no... is he hurt?
[18:15.51]M: Well, he's broken his leg
[18:17.90]and he's got cuts and bruises on other parts of his body.
[18:22.44]W: But he's OK?
[18:24.34]M: Yes, he's seen a doctor and he's going to be all right.
[18:28.70]W: Oh thank goodness! Can I come in and see him?
[18:32.51]M: Yes, of course.
[18:33.83]And perhaps you could bring some pyjamas
[18:36.43]and toiletries in for him.
[18:39.01]W: So you're going to keep him in overnight?
[18:42.25]M: Yes, but don't worry.
[18:43.85]It's just routine.
[18:45.64]The doctor wants to keep him under observation for 24 hours.
[18:50.03]He wants to make sure there are no problems.
[18:53.38]W: What do you mean? What kind of problems?
[18:56.35]M: Oh... nothing.
[18:58.77]Really, it's just a routine after an accident like this.
[19:03.13]W: I see. But... what happened?
[19:05.95]What sort of accident was it?
[19:08.58]M: He was riding his motorbike and was hit by a car.
[19:13.00]W: Oh... that motorbike...
[19:15.31]I've told him to be careful! When did this happen?
[19:19.57]M: Oh... about three hours ago.
[19:22.78]W: Right... er, well, I'll go and get some things for him
[19:26.64]and I'll be there as soon as I can.
[19:29.38]M: That'll be fine.
[19:30.82]Come to reception in Accident and Emergency.
[19:34.44]W: Right. I'll be there soon.
[19:36.72]Thanks. Goodbye.
[19:39.48]M: Goodbye.
[19:57.14]Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation.
[20:01.74]At the end of the conversation,
[20:03.68]you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
[20:07.40]Now, listen to the conversation.
[20:10.84]M: So, is it true, Margaret,
[20:12.95]that English people prefer old things to new ones?
[20:16.64]W: I suppose so.
[20:18.21]The English are very fond of traditions
[20:21.28]and institutions like the monarchy.
[20:24.70]M: I wasn't really thinking about that,
[20:27.14]I was thinking more about houses and objects and things.
[20:32.12]W: Ah, right, sorry.
[20:33.86]Well, I suppose it depends what kind of old thing you are talking about.
[20:39.14]I think it's true, by and large,
[20:41.82]that English people would always prefer to live in an old house
[20:46.17]with an established garden than somewhere newer.
[20:50.21]M: Why do you think that is the case?
[20:53.09]W: Well, for a start,
[20:54.68]a lot of people feel that old stuff was much better made
[20:58.62]than i
[21:00.55]it also goes better with older style houses.
[21:04.26]M: And does this preference to old things extend to other things?
[21:08.18]Like cars for instance?
[21:10.16]W: Oh no, not really,
[21:12.33]not unless you're talking about a car which's become a classic.
[21:16.69]No, quite the reverse is true.
[21:19.24]In England people have an unhealthy obsession
[21:22.40]with the registration number of their car.
[21:25.53]M: What do you mean?
[21:27.66]W: Well, in August of each year there's a new letter
[21:31.39]before the number on the registration plate.
[21:34.94]M: That's strange.
[21:36.40]But there's something else I really wanted to ask you.
[21:39.51]I've noticed that English people tend to wear old-fashioned clothes.
[21:43.66]W: Hm. Yes, I suppose you're right.
[21:47.09]English people generally don't care that much about fashion.
[21:51.64]I guess that this is mainly because in England what really counts
[21:56.49]is not what you wear but your background and your social class.
[22:22.99]SECTION B
PASSAGES
[22:26.39]In this section, you will hear several passages.
[22:30.10]Listen to the passages carefully
[22:32.19]and then answer the questions that follow.
[22:35.63]Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage.
[22:40.50]At the end of the passage,
[22:42.08]you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
[22:46.27]Now, listen to the passage.
[22:49.33]Despite what your parents
[22:51.06]and others try to make you believe,
[22:53.49]life at college may not be the best experience
[22:56.39]you will ever live through.
[22:58.08]Why?
[22:59.01]The simple one word answer is: Roommates.
[23:02.21]One has often heard about the guy
[23:04.76]that never sleeps or the girl who always has her friends over
[23:08.82]or the one who studies all the time
[23:10.93]and becomes very disturbed by the slightest movement
[23:13.80]you make.
[23:15.04]Okay, they are not all that bad.
[23:17.79]So how do you get them to stop?
[23:20.75]You can't do it.
[23:21.91]It's impossible.
[23:23.35]The only way you will be able to live with your roommates
[23:26.68]is by compromising.
[23:28.68]If you like to have friends over,
[23:30.43]but your roommates want to study,
[23:32.82]take your friends out.
[23:34.41]If you don't like to listen to music while you are studying
[23:37.77]but one of your roommates does,
[23:39.71]ask him to use headphones.
[23:42.02]Talk about your habits
[23:43.68]and ask your roommates about theirs.
[23:46.21]Respect your roommates
[23:47.78]and your roommates will respect you.
[23:50.23]You may not be friends with your roommates
[23:52.88]by the end of the year
[23:54.65]but you may be friends with them the year after,
[23:57.71]when you are no longer rooming together.
[24:00.26]This is alright though.
[24:01.81]Sometimes it's too difficult to try to live together
[24:04.94]and be good friends at the same time.
[24:07.49]Roommates are not always meant to be your best friends.
[24:11.34]Remember: Not only do you have roommates,
[24:14.40]you are a roommate.
[24:16.03]Be good to your roommates.
[24:35.28]Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage.
[24:40.08]At the end of the passage,
[24:41.66]you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
[24:45.25]Now, listen to the passage.
[24:48.34]The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation launched
[24:51.71]the Measures of Effective Teaching project.
[24:55.02]The project tests new ways to recognize
[24:58.09]what makes a good teacher.
[25:00.47]Its goal is to help educators and policymakers identify
[25:05.27]and support good teaching.
[25:07.90]The study is being carried out in public school systems
[25:11.35]in seven American cities.
[25:14.12]Thousands of teachers volunteered to take part.
[25:17.69]They agreed to have their classes recorded on video,
[25:21.21]but only for observation by expert researchers.
[25:25.80]Researchers also collected information from students.
[25:29.94]They asked students to report their opinions
[25:32.51]of each teacher's classroom.
[25:34.70]Students were also tested in mathematics,
[25:37.41]English and biology.
[25:40.13]Officials recently released early results
[25:43.53]of the project study.
[25:45.39]The report says teachers' past success
[25:48.22]in raising student scores
[25:49.87]on state tests is one of the strongest signs of
[25:53.17]their ability to do so again.
[25:55.70]This is known as a teacher's &value-added.&
[25:59.95]The teachers with the highest value-added scores
[26:02.78]on state tests also help students
[26:05.59]understand math better or improve reading ability.
[26:10.01]The results also say students know effective teaching
[26:14.02]when they experience it.
[26:16.08]The students gave comments on
[26:17.65]whether or not their teachers cared about them.
[26:21.11]They also gave opinions on how much teachers controlled
[26:24.50]or managed student behavior in the classroom.
[26:28.59]The report found that classrooms
[26:30.61]where students reported positive experiences
[26:33.62]were more likely to show greater learning gains.
[26:37.69]Another finding shows
[26:39.28]hat combining different sources of information helps
[26:42.67]administrators provide better comments
[26:45.20]and suggestions to teachers.
[26:47.75]In many cases,
[26:49.24]administrators had been basing their comments
[26:51.93]on student test scores only.
[27:16.56]Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage.
[27:20.86]At the end of the passage,
[27:22.62]you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
[27:26.27]Now, listen to the passage.
[27:29.32]Plagiarism is the act of representing
[27:31.90]another person's words or ideas as your own.
[27:35.57]The offense may be as small as
[27:37.45]a sentence copied from a book.
[27:39.54]Or it may be as extensive as a whole paper copied
[27:42.98]---or bought---from somebody else.
[27:45.42]Intellectual dishonesty is nothing new.
[27:48.72]The only difference now is that the Internet
[27:51.37]has made it much simpler to steal other people's work.
[27:54.96]Yet the same technology
[27:56.60]that makes it easy to find information
[27:58.85]to copy also makes it easier to identify plagiarism.
[28:03.20]Teachers can use online services
[28:05.53]that compare papers to thousands of others
[28:08.31]to search for copied work.
[28:10.44]The teacher gets a report on any passages
[28:13.20]that are similar enough to suspect plagiarism.
[28:16.76]These services are widely used.
[28:19., for example,
[28:22.60]says it is used in more than one hundred countries
[28:25.72]and examines more than
[28:26.86]one hundred thirty thousand papers a day.
[28:30.18]Professional writers who plagiarize
[28:32.46]can be taken to civil court and ordered to pay damages.
[28:36.83]In schools, the punishment for cheating
[28:39.46]could be a failing grade on the paper or in the course.
[28:43.63]Some schools expel pl others,
[28:47.88]for a full academic year.
[28:50.44]Some degrees have even been withdrawn after a school later
[28:54.22]found that a student had plagiarized.
[28:57.66]Accidental plagiarism can sometimes
[28:59.94]result from cultural differences.
[29:20.07]SECTION C
NEWS BROADCAST
[29:24.09]In this section,
[29:25.47]you will hear several news items.
[29:28.17]Listen to them carefully
[29:29.70]and then answer the questions that follow.
[29:32.70]Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news.
[29:37.76]At the end of the news item,
[29:39.58]you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
[29:43.27]Now, listen to the news.
[29:46.47]In India, police say there are no more passengers
[29:50.27]trapped inside the wreckage of a train
[29:52.55]that crashed in West Bengal state,
[29:55.10]at least 60 people reported killed in that crash.
[29:59.36]It's being blamed right now on a moving train
[30:02.33]that ploughed into another that had stopped.
[30:05.63]Three coaches flung off the tracks
[30:07.71]by the force
[30:10.09]one of those hit an overpass that was above the tracks.
[30:25.72]Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news.
[30:30.70]At the end of the news item,
[30:32.30]you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
[30:35.86]Now, listen to the news.
[30:38.98]The earthquake that shook Japan with historic strength
[30:42.34]on March 11th created a tsunami wave ten meters high.
[30:47.91]The water washed away boats,
[30:50.09]cars and houses in coastal areas north of Tokyo.
[30:54.55]It also led to tsunami warnings across the Pacific.
[30:58.83]Scientists recorded the magnitude of the earthquake at 9.0.
[31:04.32]The United States Geological Survey says
[31:07.28]it was the fifth largest earthquake since nineteen hundred.
[31:11.43]The largest,
[31:12.53]with a 9.5 magnitude,
[31:14.66]shook Chile in nineteen sixty.
[31:18.29]The quake struck near the east coast of Honshu,
[31:21.73]Japan's main island.
[31:23.93]The quake has produced powerful aftershocks.
[31:27.32]It also raised concerns about possible effects on
[31:30.55]the world's third-largest economy.
[31:33.20]The economy was the second largest
[31:35.44]until China recently moved into that position.
[31:50.66]Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news.
[31:55.64]At the end of the news item,
[31:57.49]you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
[32:01.00]Now, listen to the news.
[32:03.85]Hong Kong has introduced a minimum wage
[32:07.02]that is expected to benefit 270,000 low-paid workers,
[32:12.00]or around 10% of the working population.
[32:16.02]Workers will now earn a minimum of HK 28 dollars per hour.
[32:21.91]The legislation was passed in response to
[32:24.52]public pressure to narrow the territory's wealth gap.
[32:28.62]But the minimum wage has been resisted
[32:30.94]by the business community,
[32:32.50]who say it is too costly.
[32:35.50]Business leaders say small businesses
[32:38.14]will be forced to lay off staff.
[32:41.07]Critics also say the legislation
[32:43.29]is a departure from Hong Kong's free-market roots.
[32:47.45]With the exception of Singapore,
[32:49.47]most Asian countries now have a minimum wage
[32:52.50]or are considering one.
[32:55.33]The move is expected to boost
[32:57.34]the pay of Hong Kong's legions of street sweepers,
[33:00.59]security guards and restaurant workers.
[33:03.96]The legislation does not cover the territory's
[33:06.62]almost 300,000 domestic helpers,
[33:09.53]who mainly come from the Philippines and Indonesia.
[33:24.98]Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news.
[33:29.86]At the end of the news item,
[33:31.71]you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
[33:35.10]Now, listen to the news.
[33:38.57]Nowadays in towns and cities across America,
[33:42.41]patrol cars are deployed elsewhere because unattended,
[33:46.55]fixed cameras are catching speeders in record numbers.
[33:51.16]The cameras record the speed limit in the area,
[33:54.40]how fast the vehicle is going,
[33:56.66]and the date and time of the offense.
[34:00.10]And they snap a close-up digital image
[34:02.83]of the vehicle's license plate as it is speeding.
[34:06.90]Police chiefs welcome the cameras as life-savers.
[34:10.57]According to Washington's chief,
[34:12.40]Cathy Lanier,
[34:13.67]traffic deaths in the city have been cut
[34:15.89]in half in four years.
[34:18.43]But opposition to speed cameras is fierce and loud.
[34:22.49]People across the country argue that the devices
[34:25.89]are just money makers
[34:27.71]and that time spent processing images,
[34:30.44]sending out tickets,
[34:32.02]and collecting fines pulls police away from crime-fighting.
[34:48.56]Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news.
[34:53.31]At the end of the news item,
[34:55.19]you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
[34:58.98]Now, listen to the news.
[35:02.02]Chinese authorities have recently banned
[35:04.91]several types of food additives
[35:07.26]as part of new national regulations
[35:10.22]on food safety issued.
[35:12.99]The new regulations also required
[35:15.67]that all additives should be marked clearly
[35:18.62]on food product labels.
[35:20.96]The Ministry of Health
[35:22.33]has issued four national food safety regulations
[35:26.16]concerning food additives,
[35:28.24]food product labels,
[35:29.93]honey products and the limit of mycotoxins in food.
[35:34.55]Mycotoxins are metabolites of fungi
[35:37.99]that can have a negative effect
[35:40.12]on animal and human health.
[35:43.10]The new regulations cover
[35:44.90]the usage of 2,314 types of food additives,
[35:50.25]processing aids,
[35:51.77]gum bases and food flavorings.
[35:55.13]The revised regulations for food product labels state
[35:58.77]that labels for all food products should clearly state
[36:02.61]the names and amounts of food additives being used.
[36:06.98]The regulations also recommend food manufacturers
[36:10.43]to print warnings on products that may lead to allergens.
[36:25.65]This is the end of listening comprehension.
[36:27.79]
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