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Module 1 My First Day atSenior HighⅠ.重点单词――思忆1.Before taking the medicine,you’d better read theinstructions (说明) carefully on the bottle. 2.Reading aloud can be used to improve tone,rhythm and fluency (流利). 3.Can you give a description (描述) of what you saw just now?4.I felt very embarrassed (尴尬) when I was made to speak in public. 5.I was unable to attend because of a previous (以前的；在先的)engagement.6.She was amazed (惊异)at the change in his appearance.7.You need a diploma (毕业证) if you want to go tocollege. 8.The disappointing (失望的)news disappointed all the people present.Ⅱ.考纲词汇――拓展1.instruction n.→instruct v.传授，指导→instructiveadj.有益的→ instructively adv.2.bored adj.→ bore v.感到厌烦→ boring adj.令人厌烦的 3.embarrassed adj.→embarrass v.使某人觉得不自然， 尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的→embarrassmentn.局促不安4.description n.→describe v.描述→descriptive adj.描述的，描写的5.amazed adj.→ amaze v.使惊奇→ amazing adj.令人吃 惊的6.encouragement n.→ encouragev.鼓励→adj.受鼓舞的→ encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的→ encouraged →courage n.勇气 7.misunderstanding n.→ misunderstand v.→ understanding n.（反义词）理解 8.disappointed adj.→ disappointv.使失望→disappointment n.失望；沮丧→ disappointing adj.令人失望的 9.disappear vi.→ disappearance n.消灭；丢失→ appear vi.（反义词）出现 10.enthusiastic adj.→ euthusiasm n.热情，热忱Ⅲ.重要短语――识记1.be similar to 与……相似 →be similar in 和…… 在某方面相似2.far away from 离……很远 → by far far as I know 据我所知 最……→ as3.nothing like 完全不像；毫不相似→nothing but 只不过 →have nothing to do with... 与……无关 4. in other words 换言之→have a word with sb. 和 ……说句话 →in a word 总之，简言之 5. make progress 取得进步→ in progress 在进展中6.divide...into 把……分成→separate...from 使……分离7. be excited about... 对……感到兴奋 8.take part in 参加→join in 参加（正在进行的活动） 9. be free to do sth. 自由地去做某事 10. by oneself 独自→of oneself 自动地Ⅳ.经典句式――再现1.Every room has a computer with a special screen , almost as big as a cinema screen.每一个教室里都有一台带有一个几乎和电影银幕一样大 的特殊银幕的电脑。 2.The teacher is a very enthusiastic womancalled Ms. Shen. 沈老师是一位很热情的女士。3.Ms. Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like thatof the teachers at my Junior High school.沈老师的教学方法和我初中老师的教学方法一点也不一样。 4.Ms. Shen gave us instructions and then we worked by ourselves . 沈老师给我们指导之后，我们就独自学习。 5.In other words,there are three times as many girls as boys.换言之，女生人数是男生的三倍。1.instruction n.［U］讲授;教育；指导;［C］(pl.）命令, 指示；说明（书） 完成句子 (1)As a soldier,you should carry out the instruction . 作为一名士兵，你应该执行命令。 (2)He gave us instructions to finish this as soon as possible.他指示我们尽早完成这件事。 (3)She gives instruction in English.她讲授英语。 归纳拓展 give sb. instructions向某人下达指示（命令）give instructions to do sth.命令做某事under one’s instruction在某人的指导下follow one’s instruction听从/遵从某人的命令/指示 instruct sb. to do sth.命令某人干某事?单项填空(4)When you go abroad for further study,you should learn to adapt to the A of the destination country. A.customs B.habits C.practice D.instruction 解析 词义辨析题。custom指国家的风俗、习惯; habit 指个人习惯; practice指实践；instruction指说明,指令。句意为:当你到国外深造时, 你应该学会适应所到国家的风俗。2.impress vt.使印象深刻，使人铭记，使某人深感……；盖（印等）于……，印…… Li Kang is very impressed with the teachers andthe technology in his new school.?完成句子(回归课本P4)李康新学校的老师和技术使他留下了深刻印象。(1)The people present were all impressed by/at/with his speech.他的演讲给到场的人们留下了深刻的印象。(2)The manager impressed the importance of their work on/upon them.经理让他们铭记工作的重要性。 (3)The girl impressed her friends with her sense of humour.这姑娘的幽默感给她的朋友们留下了深刻的印象。 (4)The student impressed his seal on his new book. 那个学生在他的新书上盖上了图章。 ?归纳拓展 impress sb.with/at/by sth....……给人留下深刻的印象 be impressed with/at/by...对……有深刻的印象 impress... on/upon sb.使某人深感/铭记…… impress sth.on/upon sth.盖（印等）于……，印…… make/leave a strong impression on sb.给某人留下深 刻印象 单项填空 (5)His father D on him his mother’s words. A.learned B.studied C.knew D.impressed 解析 impress on sb.sth.=impress sth.on/upon sb.使某 人铭记某事; 牢记某事。句意为:父亲让他铭记母亲的话。(6)―How was Robert’s cooking？―Oh,pretty good.I was quiteA.admired C.impressed ――相当好。我印象很深 3.attitude n.态度；意见；想法C .B.interested D.inspired解析 be impressed 被留下（深刻）印象。句意为:Describe your attitudeto studying English.(回归课本P2)描述一下你对学英语的态度。 完成句子(1)Do you know his attitude to/towards the question?你知道他对这个问题的看法吗？(2)The villagers all took a friendly attitude to /towards us. 村民们对我们的态度都很友好。 ?归纳拓展 adopt/take an attitude采取……态度 maintain an attitude of持……态度 have a good/bad/positive/negative attitude to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有好的/坏的/肯定的/否定的态度a liberal/hands-off attitude宽宏大量的/袖手旁观的态度attitude/opinion (1)attitude常与to或towards连用。 (2)opinion通常与介词of或about连用。 ?考题例证 (2007?湖北，23)Despite such a big difference in C towards what one eats,there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. A.point B.idea C.attitude D.sight 解析 point点,意义; idea主意,念头; attitude态度,看法; sight 视力。句意为：尽管一个人对饮食的态度有着很大 的不同,但是毫无疑问西方人把中国的饮食看作是某种特 殊的东西。4.introduce vt.介绍；引进；传入Today we introduced ourselves to each other. (回归课本P3)今天，我们彼此互相作了自我介绍。? 完成句子(1)Please allow me to introduce Mr.Smith to you. 请允许我向您介绍史密斯先生。(2)The chairman introduced himself to the audience. (大会)主席向听众作了自我介绍。(3)Buddhism was introduced into China in about A.D.67. 佛教是在大约公元67年传入中国的。(4)We don’t believe his introduction of the medicine.我们不相信他对这种药的介绍。归纳拓展introduction n.指示，说明，介绍，导言 a letter of introduction介绍信 a brief introduction to...……的简介 introduce sb. to sb.把某人介绍给某人 introduce oneself to sb.向某人作自我介绍 introduce... into...把……引进到……?考题例证 (2006?福建，35)Always read the B on thebottle carefully and take the right amount ofmedicine.A.explanations B.instructionsC.descriptionsD.introductions解析 explanation解释，讲解；instructions用法说明， 操作指南；description描述，描写；introduction介绍。 句意为：仔细阅读瓶子上的使用说明，适量用药。5.amazing adj.令人惊讶的，令人吃惊的The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendlyand the Classrooms are amazing . 完成句子 (1) It amazed me to hear that you were leaving.? (回归课本P2)? 老师们都非常热情和友好, 而且教室也是令人惊讶的。?听说你要离开，我感到非常吃惊。?(2)He amazed everyone by passing his driving test. 他驾照考试合格使大家很惊讶。(3)We were amazed at/by the change in hisappearance.他的样子变得使我们大为惊讶。?(4)We were all amazed to find him alive.?我们非常惊讶地发现他还活着。?(5)China has made an amazing achievement in space research.? 中国在对太空的研究上已取得了惊人的成就。? ?归纳拓展amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊愕?sth. amaze(s) sb.某物使某人感到惊奇? amazed adj.感到吃惊的?be amazed at/by...对……大为惊奇?be amazed to do sth.惊奇于做某事??单项填空 (6)We are all amazed at the amazing change that has taken place in our hometown.? A.amazed B.amazing? C.amazed D.amazing? 解析 be amazed at...对……感到惊奇；amazing令人 惊讶的，一般修饰物。 6.cover v.盖，覆盖；行走（一段路程）；看完（多少页 书）；占……（面积）；报道；包括（含）；涉及；处 理；掩蔽，遮盖；足以支付 Secondary school in the US usually covers seven years,grades six to twelve. (回归课本P9) 美国中学通常包括六到十二年级在内的七个年级。完成句子(1)She covered her face with her hands and cried.?她双手掩面而泣。 (2)We all know that lies can not cover facts .? 我们都知道谎言掩盖不了事实。 (3)They stopped for the night aftercovering a distanceof 200 li.走了两百里之后，他们停下来准备过夜。归纳拓展 cover...with...用……盖住……?be covered with...用……覆盖/盖满?cover an area of...占地面积为……under cover 隐藏着，在隐蔽处? under the cover of...在……掩护下；趁着……，打着 ……的幌子；以……为借口? cover sth. up遮盖；隐瞒? from cover to cover（整本书）从头到尾? cover a lot of ground 走很长的路? cover the event 采访这个事件 易混辨异 interview/cover (1)interview 采访的对象是“人”，所以要跟表示人的名 词 作宾语。? (2)cover 采访的对象是“事”, 所以要跟表示事物的名词 作单项填空 (4)―May I have a talk with one of your sportsreporters?―Sorry,but all of them are about to main events of the day. A.get意。CtheB.findC.coverD.search?解析 cover表示“采访”时, 采访的对象是“事”, 符合句7.in other words 换句话说；换言之 完成句子 words In other (1) ,the objective is to avoid losing.? 也就是说，目标是要避免失败。归纳拓展 in a/one word 简言之；总之? keep one’s word 遵守诺言（word 常用单数）? break one’s word =break one’s promise 食言；违背诺言 get in a word 插话? have a word with sb.与某人交谈? have words with sb.与某人吵架? send word 捎信? word for word 逐字地? eat one’s words 收回……的话? with these words 说了这些话后? in words 用语言? word came that...有消息传来……(表示“消息”时为不 可 数名词)?用word的短语完成句子(2)He spoke so fast that no one could get in a word (插话). (3)I want to have a word with (与……说句话) you.? (4) In a word (总之),he is a good man.? (5)Translate the sentences word for word (逐字地). (6) Word came that(有消息传来) their headmaster would soon visit our school. 8.nothing like 什么也不如；完全不是完成句子(1)There is nothing like a hot bath when you are tired.当你累了的时候，什么也比不上洗个热水澡。(2)This is nothing like what I wanted. 这完全不是我想要的。 (3)Studying that lesson should take nothing like two hours.? 学那门课程不会只需两个小时。 ?归纳拓展something like 大约；有点(像）?anything like （多用于疑问句）多少有点(像）?more like 倒更像是翻译句子 (4)她看上去有点像你妹妹。? She looks something like your sister.(5)它倒更像是一条蛇。?It is more like a snake.(6)这门课程一点也不像我期望的那样。?The course was nothing like what I had expected. (7)这部电影是否和原著有点像？ Was the film anything like the book?9.look forward to 期待；盼望完成句子(1)I’m really looking forward to our vacation.? 我真心盼着我们假期的到来。(2)My mother says she’s looking forward to meeting you.我母亲说她正期待着与你见面。??归纳拓展 look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事，此处to为介 词。常用的类似“动词+介词to”的短语还有：? pay attention to注意? turn to 求助于? be/get used to 习惯于refer to 参考；涉及；指的是?get down to 着手/开始认真干?stick to 坚持? devote to...献身于……?lead to 导致；通向?tie...to...把……拴/系到……? pay a visit to 拜访? ?翻译句子 (3)我盼着过周末。? I’m looking forward to the weekend. (4)我们非常盼望能再见到你。? We’re really looking forward to seeing you again.10.far from远离；远不是；离……远完成句子(1)My father works in works in a city far (away) from our hometown.我父亲在远离家乡的城市工作。(2)They live in a faraway village.? 他们住在一个遥远的乡村。 (3) Far from reading his letter,she didn’t open it.? 别说看他的信了，她连信都没拆开。 (4)The young man is always wearing fashionable suits,but he is far from rich.? 那个青年总是穿着时髦的衣服，但是他一点也不富。归纳拓展 far from pleased/happy 一点也不高兴? far from it 远远不是? far from rich/being a rich person 一点不富? 易混辨异 far away/faraway/far away from/far from (1)far away 用作表语或状语，away可省去，不能与具体 距离连用。? (2)faraway 是形容词用作定语。? (3)far away from 只表示距离，away 可省去，不能用在 表具体距离的词后面。? (4)far from 除了表示距离的“远离”之外，还有“远远 不， 完全不，绝非”之意，后接名词、动名词或形容词。单项填空? (5)The city is 1,500 kilometers D our village.? A.far from B.far away from? C.far away D.away from? 解析 far (away) from不和具体的距离搭配使用；而 away则可以。1.I don’t think I will be bored in Ms. Shen’s class! 我认为上沈老师的课我是不会感到厌倦的！ 完成句子? (1)I don’t suppose I could have a look at your newspaper, could I ?我能看一下你的报纸吗？ (2)I don’t imagine they’ll refuse.我认为他们不会拒绝。 ?归纳拓展 (1)该句式属于否定转移。在英语中，如果把“I think (be-lieve...)+宾语从句”结构改成否定句，习惯上把否 定结果从宾语从句移至主句，我们把这种现象称为“否定 转移”。用在这种句型中的动词主要有：think, believe,calculate, expect, suppose, imagine 等(hope 除外)。译成汉语时，仍将宾语从句译成否定意义。 使用否定转移句型时主语必须是第一人称，主句谓语动词 通常是以上六词之一，否则一般不用否定转移。?(2)当主语是第一人称，陈述句部分是以上六词之一并跟宾语从句，这种句型变成反意疑问句时，疑问部分应与从句中的主语和谓语动词相对应，且用肯定形式。? I don’t believe there is a ghost,is there??我认为没有鬼，是吗？?※①不能把所有可否定转移的动词的否定句都理解为否定 宾语从句，有时候，否定词not就是否定主句(即否定主句 的谓语动词)的。这要根据句意或语境而定。? We didn’t think we’d come so late.? 我们没有料到我们会来得这么晚。 ②当主句中含有状语时或含有情态动词时，可否定转移的 动词就不再发生转移了。I didn’t ever suppose they were happy.? 我从来也没有认为他们是幸福的。?I can’t believe that they are married.?我不能相信他们已经结婚了。 ?单项填空 (3)I don’t suppose anyone will be willing to do it, C ？A.do IC.will theyB.don’t I?D.won’t they ?解析 此句属于否定转移，反意疑问句的主语应与从句一致，故选C项。(4)I don’t think he was happy although he lived in arich family,A.wasn’t heB ？? B.was he?C.do ID.don’t I ?解析 与从句的主语和谓语一致进行反问。 2.―Oh really? So have I. ――噢，真的吗？我也去了。完成句子(1)―I’ve lost the address.――我把地址丢了。 ― So have I .――我也丢了。(2) ―You seem to like tea.――你似乎喜欢喝茶。?― So I do .――是的，我确实喜欢。(3)―I have never been to Nanjing.――我从未去过南京。― Neither has Tom .――汤姆也没去过。? (4)―Mary likes playing the piano,but she can’t playit well.―玛丽喜欢弹钢琴，但是她弹不好。?― So it is with her brother.――她的哥哥也是这样。 ? (It’s the same with her brother.) 归纳拓展 (1)so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语，表示“……也是”。(2)表达否定意义时用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”的结构。(3)It is the same with+名词/代词宾格或So it is with+名词/代词宾格，表示上述混合情况(肯定和否定的混合或没有统一助动词)也适用于该句主语，意思是“也……”。 (4)so+主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词，表示对前面或对 方所说情况的赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“的确”。 考题例证?(2007?江苏，31)―My room gets very cold at night.?― C . A.So is mine B.So mine is?C.So does mineD.So mine does?解析 “so+助动词+主语”表示前面陈述的情况也适合于后者。3....,there are three times as many girls as boys. ……,女生人数是男生的三倍。 完成句子? (1)This river is five times as long as that one.? →This river is five times the length of that one.? →This river is four times longer than that one.? 这条河的长度是那条河的5倍(这条河比那条河长4倍)。 归纳拓展? 倍数的表示方法：A是B的多少倍? (1)A is twice/3 times/4 times...+as...as B.? (2)A is twice/3 times/4 times...+more than B.? (3)A is twice/3 times/4 times...+the size/length/ height/weight...of B.单项填空 (2)The wings of the plane,which stretched out for 80 feet,were B of its body.?A.more than the length twice?B.more than twice the length?C.twice the length more than?D.twice more than the length? 解析 据题意可知机翼是机体的二倍多长，此处more than 修饰 twice,故选B项。In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, helooksA to people greeting him. (2008?福建，26) A.friendly B.lively C.worried D.cold 解析 in spite of是解题的关键词，“尽管反复被冤枉， 他看起来还是……”，由此排除C、D两项；friendly友 好的；lively活泼的，表示他自己的情况，并不涉及 “people greeting him”。 [课文原文] The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing.So much of interest C that most visitors simplyrun out of time before seeing it all.(2008?上海，39) A.offers Beijing B.Beijing offers D.Beijing does offerC.does Beijing offer解析 在使用so...that句式时，若so+adj./adv.位于句首,则该句须用倒装语序，故应选择C项。[课文原文] ―I’m fine. I’ve just been to my first language class. ―Oh really? So have I.The trees B off the road.in the storm have been moved (2008?湖南，26)A.being blown downC.blowing downB.blown downD.to blow down解析 句意为：在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被从道路上移走了。“树木”的后面缺少定语，因为blow down 与trees之间是动宾关系，且是已经完成的动作，故用过去分词短语blown down。[课文原文] The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms. Shen.Ten years ago the population of our villagewas Bthat of theirs.(2008?陕西，16)B.twice as large as D.as twice much asA.as twice large as C.twice as much as解析 由句式结构看该题考查倍数句型的同级比较形 式。其正确语序应为：倍数词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+其他。[课文原文] In other words,there are three times as many girls as boys.In this seaside resort,you canall thecomfort and convenience of modern tourism. A (2007?山东，34) A.enjoy 项意 为 “收到”; D项意为“实现, 得到”。由句意可知此 处指 “享受”到所有现代旅游业的舒适与便利。故选A项。 [课文原文] ...,American students receive the high school diploma. B.apply C.receive D.achieve解析 A项意为“享受”; B项意为“申请，运用”; C返回名词 （Nouns）1.名词词义辨析。?2.可数名词复数的不规则变化。?3.可数名词和不可数名词的相互转化。?4.名词的所有格及双重所有格。?5.名词作定语。一、名词词义辨析名词作为高考考点，绝大多数考查名词词义辨析。同学们在平时学习中要注意积累。? cause,reason,excuse的词义辨析：cause是造成一种 事实或现象的“原因, 起因”, 后接介词 reason是说 明一种看法或行为的“理由”; excuse意为“借口; 辩解”。?Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.? 疏忽大意通常是火灾的起因。?We have reason to believe that he is a thief.?我们有理由相信他是个小偷。Late again! What’s your excuse of this time??又迟到了！你这次的理由是什么？? 二、可数名词复数的不规则变化 1.复合名词变成复数时，通常只将其中的主体名词变成复 数；如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。? son-in-law→sons-in-law女婿? passer-by→passers-by过路人?grown-up→grown-ups成年人 点金 由man,woman构成的复合名词，变复数时，应将前后两个词都变成复数形式。?man doctor→men doctors男医生?woman singer→women singers女歌手 2.有些名词，其中包括以-ing结尾的名词，常用复数形式。 ?glasses 眼镜 shoes鞋子 earnings薪水 savings储蓄 3.一些常用不规则变化的名词如：children孩子，teeth牙 齿，deer鹿等。 名词单数变复数口诀? 名词单数变复数，直接加-s的占多数；? 词尾若是s,x,sh,ch,直接加上-es。? 词尾若是f或fe，加-s之前要变? “辅音字母+y”，要把y变i再加-es。? 词尾字母若是o，加-es的有tomato和potato。还有一些不规则，下面咱来说一说：? oo常要变ee，foot→feet是一例；? 男人女人a变e，woman→women又一例。? 还有一个要记准，child的复数是children。? 鹿和绵羊是一家，单数复数无变化。三、可数名词和不可数名词的相互转化1.抽象名词淡化了抽象概念，表示具有某种特征、状态、 情绪的人或物时为可数名词。?It’s a great success to host the Olympic Games.?能举办奥运会本身就是件成功的事。 2.有些抽象名词常以复数形式出现，使之具体化。No pains,no gains.不劳无获。3.物质名词有形或数的相应物时，有单复数之分。? some coffee一些咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡? some drink一些饮料→a drink一杯饮料? 4.专有名词一般视为不可数名词，但有不定冠词修饰或复数形式时，可视为可数名词。?How I wish to be a Thomas Edison!? 我多么想成为一个托马斯?爱迪生式的人物啊！5.有些物质名词在固定用法中常以复数形式出现。The boy burst into tears at the bad news.? 男孩听到这个坏消息就放声痛哭起来。?四、名词的所有格?1.表示有生命或视为有生命的名词的所有格时在该名词后加“’s”。 Jack’s car is black.杰克的车是黑色的。 2.表示无生命的名词通常用“of+名词”表示所有关系。 ? Please tell me the name of the book.? 请告诉我那本书的书名。? This is a picture of my family.? 这是我家的一张全家福。 3.表示某人的店铺、家、办公室时，所有格后的中心词常 常省略。? I met him at the barber’s (shop).? 我在理发店遇见了他。? I went to my uncle’s (house) yesterday.? 昨天我到我叔叔家去了。?4.如果一样东西为两个或两个以上的人共有，只在后一个名词后加“’s”；如果不是共有，则各个名词后都要加“’s”。Mary is Mr.and Mrs.Jenkin’s daughter.?玛丽是詹金斯夫妇的女儿。?These are Mary’s and Jack’s books.? 这些是玛丽和杰克的书。?名词所有格用法歌诀?英语名词所有格，表示某物是“谁的”。? 所有格构成有方法，多数要把’s加。? 复数词尾有s，只加撇点“’”就可以。? 名词若为无生命，我们常把of用。? 时间、地点和距离，所有格也可用’s。5.双重所有格? 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示 代词等修饰时，常用“of+名词所有格”的形式来表示 所属关系，即人们所指的“双重所有格”。of后面的名词一 般都是表示人的。? This is a book of Li Ming’s.? 这是李明的一本书。? I met a few friends of my brother’s.? 点金 当中心词为portrait,picture,painting,photo等时, 我遇到了我弟弟的一些朋友。 用双重所有格表示有关人收藏的肖像、照片等；用of所有格则表示某人自己的肖像、照片等。?a photo of Mary’s（玛丽收藏的照片,不一定是她本人 的照片） a photo of Mary（指玛丽自己的照片） 五、名词作定语 1.名词可以作定语修饰后面的名词,表示类别、处所、材 料、时间、功能等含义, 名词作定语通常用单数形式。?a shoe shop鞋店?street lamps路灯?2.man和woman作定语时, 其自身的单复数必须和后面的名词保持一致。three men drivers三个男司机five women nurses五个女护士 3.某些常用复数的名词作定语时，也要用复数形式。? clothes shops服装店? savings bank储蓄所4.名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或功能；但与其同根的形容词作定语则强调被修饰成分的特点或属性。? a gold watch一块金表（指手表是含金的）?a golden watch一块金色的手表（指手表的颜色是金色的，但不一定含金）Ⅰ.单项填空1.This shop sells D clothing.? A.child’s and woman’s? B.children and women’s C.children’s and women D.children’s and women’s ?解析 句意为：该商店卖童装和女装。此处表示卖两种 服装，故分别用所有格形式。? 2.Our former teacher has changed so much that she is out of our D .? A.sight B.impression C.memory D.recognition 解析 句意为：我们以前的老师变化很大，以致于我们 都认不出来她了。recognition辨认；认识。sight视 力；impression印象；memory记忆。3.He found a lot of passers-by were grown-ups .? A.passers-grown-ups B.passer-growns-upC.passer-grown-ups D.passers-growns-up解析 复合名词变复数在中心词后加-s。passer-by以名 词为中心，把名词passer变复数；grown-up中没有名词，则把整个词变复数。4.The B miss it.? is just around the corner and you won’t?A.bicycle’s shopC.bicycles shopB.bicycle shop?D.bicycles’ shop?解析 表示“什么样的店”要用单数名词修饰shop。句意 为：自行车商店就在拐角外，你不会错过它。5.There are 10 women assistants in that shoe shop. A.shoe B.shoes? C.shoe D.shoes? ?解析 woman作定语修饰复数名词时，也需变为复数形 式；shoe shop鞋店，shoe用单数形式。? 6. C loves them dearly.She spares no money and makes great efforts to have them well educated.? A.Mary’s and Kate’s mother? B.Mother of Mary’s and Kate’s? C.Mary and Kate’s mother? D.Mother of Mary and Kate? 解析 根据“loves”可以断定Mary和Kate共有一个母 亲，故选C项。7.In the after-class activities,the students had plenty of practice and gained a lot of experience . ?A.experiences B.experience C.experience D.knowledges 解析 practice作“练习”讲时,是不可数名词； experience作“经验”讲时,是不可数名词。? 8.His uncle raises a lot of cattle ,including four cows . A.cows B.cow? C.cow D.cows? 解析 cattle为集体名词；cow是可数名词，由four判断 要用复数形式。Ⅱ.变下列名词为复数形式1.Mouth mouths 2.stomach stomachs ?3.monkey monkeys5.glass glasses 7.half halves 9.factory factories 11.life lives4.way ways?? ? ?6.match matches 8.brush brushes 10.knife knives 12.radio radios13.photo photos15.child children 17.sheep sheep 19.German Germans14.tomato tomatoes16.woman women 18.Chinese Chinese?? ?20.man teacher men teachersⅢ.翻译下列短语?1.两块肥皂 two pieces of soap ?2.三片面包 three pieces of bread ? 3.四杯水 four cups of water ?4.五吨煤 five tons of coal ? 5.七篮牛肉 seven baskets of beef ? 6.八公斤大米 eight kilos of rice ?Ⅳ.名词填空，注意其单复数及所有格形式?1.The roofs (roof) of the houses were covered withleaves (leaf).? 2.There are three women (woman) doctors and fourgirl (girl) nurses in the team.??3.The children are playing sand (sand) on the sands (sand). 4.I’d like chicken (chicken) rather than fish (fish) for supper.? 5.My family raise a lot of cattle (cattle),including two cows (cow).? 6.As I have a lot of work (work) to do,I can’t spare time to watch the game.? 7.Mr. Li shook hands (hand) warmly with a friend.? 8.I can’t pay as high price (price) as he asked for.? 9.Sister Carrie works in a shoe (shoe) factory.? 10.Two hours’ (hour) walk didn’t made me tired.返回Module 2 My New TeachersⅠ.重点单词――思忆1.Last night we attended an English party.It was well organized(组织),and we really enjoyed it. 2.They are doing a scientific (科学的) experiment. 3.Thank you very much.I really appreciate (感激) your immediate help. 4.Although he is over eighty,my grandpa is still active and energetic (精力充沛的).5.This leaflet tells you how to avoid (避开) getting illwhile travelling. 6.As soon as I got their fax,I wrote back immediately (立即). 7.We do keep accounts for the business,but we are not very clear (清楚的，明白的) about it. 8.Gail was lying in the sun looking very relaxed (轻 松的) and happy.Ⅱ.考纲词汇――拓展1.energetic adj.→ energetically adv.精力充沛地→ energyn.精力2.intelligent adj.→ intelligently adv.聪明地→ intelligencen.聪明3.nervous adj.→ nervously adv.紧张地；焦虑地→nerven.神经；紧张4.patient adj.→ patiently adv.耐心地→ patience n.耐心；细致5.appreciate vt.→ appreciation n.欣赏→appreciative adj. 有欣赏力的→ appreciatively adv.赞赏地6.strict adj.→ strictly adv.严格地；严密地→strictness n.严格；严厉 7.translation n.→translate vt.翻译；把……翻译 8.relaxed adj.→ relax vt.放松；使松懈→ relaxation n. 放松；松懈；缓和 9.completely adv.→ complete adj.十足的；完全的→ complete v.结束；完成→ completed adj.完整的；已完成的10.formal adj.→ informal adj.非正式的→ formalize v.使正式化；使细化→ formally adv.正式地Ⅲ.重要短语――识记?1. at present当前；现在? 2.take a look看一眼；看一看→take on 雇用；呈现→ take in 欺骗；吸入→take over 接管 →take...apart 拆 开；拆卸→ take after(外表，行为等)与……相像? 3. a couple of things几件事；三两件事 4. fall asleep 睡觉→ sound/fast asleep 熟睡；酣睡→ half asleep 半睡半醒 ?5. get excited 变得激动→get through to sb.使某人理解/明白 → get on/along with与……相处→get around 四处走动；(消息等的)传开→ get down to... 开始认真做……→getthrough 度过(难关),通过(考试) ?6.be true of 适用于→ come true (愿望；梦想等)实现 →be true to life 逼真的；栩栩如生的? 7.have problems with 有某方面的麻烦→have some difficulty /trouble in doing... 在做……方面有困难? 8.be relaxed with ... 和……相处轻松(随意)?9. as a result 结果→as a result of 由于……的原因→result in 导致→result from 由于……而发生? 10.be patient with ...对……有耐心→lose patience with 对……失去耐心→have the patience to do sth.有耐 心做某事Ⅳ.经典句式――再现?1.My first impression of Mrs.Li was that she wasnervous and shy.?我对李老师最初的印象是她既紧张又害羞。? 2....,and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it!? 她讲解的英语语法是如此的清晰，甚至连我也能听得懂！3.I’ve always hated making mistakes or pronouncinga word incorrectly when I speak English.?我总是不愿意出错或者在说英语时念错单词。4....we don’t dare to say a word unless she asks us to.如果她不要求，我们连一句话也不敢说。? 5....,but I think that I’ll do well in the exam with Mrs. Chen teaching me 。? 但我认为有陈老师教我，我一定会考得不错。1.patient adj.有耐心的；能容忍的；n.病人 She is kind and patient ,and... ? 她和蔼，有耐心，而且…… (回归课本P12)完成句子?(1)She’s very patient with young children.? 她对幼儿特别有耐心。? (2)She sat patientlywaiting for her turn.? 她耐心地坐着等候轮到自己。? (3)Sarah was becoming increasingly impatient at their way lacking interest.? 萨拉对他们那种缺乏兴趣的做法越来越不能容忍了。??归纳拓展?patience n.耐心?impatient adj.不耐烦的，没有耐心的?impatience n.不耐烦，无耐性?be patient with sb.对某人有耐心?be patient of sth.忍耐某事?be out of patience with...对……忍无可忍?have no patience with...对……不能容忍?with patience=patiently (adv.)耐心地?单项填空?(4)I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little A.waitC.? C.patience D.rest?B.time解析 have a little patience有耐心点。? (5)―What do you think of him?? ―He is patient A others and hardships.?A.of B.toC.withD.with?解析 be patient with sb.对某人有耐心；be patient ofsth.能忍耐……。由句意知A项正确。2.appreciate vt.感激；欣赏；赞美；重视? ...,but most of us really appreciate her because her teaching is so well organized and clear. (回归课本P12) ?但是，我们多数人都非常赞赏她，因为她讲的课既条理又清晰。?? 完成句子? (1)Do you appreciate his works?你欣赏他的作品吗？ (2)Doctors are highly appreciated in that country.? 在那个国家里医生受到高度重视。?(3)We shall appreciate hearing from you again.?我们将乐意再次收到你的来信。?? 归纳拓展?(1)appreciate后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不接不定式 作宾语。? appreciate doing? appreciate one/one’s doing?(2)I would appreciate it if....如果……，我将不胜感激。?? 单项填空 (4)I would muchAif you could do as that favour.?A.appreciate itC.thank itB.appreciate youD.thank you?解析 考查句型：I would appreciate it if...。(5)I really appreciateA.to have C.to havingD? time to have a travel with B.have? D.having?you to places of interest in Shandong.?解析 appreciate后接动词时用v.-ing形式。 3.admit vt.承认；供认；许可；允许进入；允许参加；容纳 得下 ?完成句子(1)And a few students even admit liking her!甚至有些学生承认喜欢她！ (2)A quarter of workers admit taking time off when they are not ill.四分之一的工人承认他们没病时休过假。(3)The UK was admitted to the EEC in 1973.英国于1973年获准加入欧共体。 (4)The facts admit of no other explanation. 事实不容置疑。 ?归纳拓展admission n.进入；接纳；录取；入场费admit sth.承认某事 admit doing/having done sth.承认做/已经做了某事admit sb./sth.to be...承认某人/事……admit that-clause承认…… admit sb.to/into接纳某人进入；吸收某人参加 admit of容许有；有……可能；容许有……的余地※admit 后不能跟不定式作宾语，可以跟不定式“to be”作宾语补足语。 单项填空 (5)The ticket A.permits B two people to the party.? C.promises D.awards? B.admits? 解析 admit sb. to sp. 允许某人进入。句意为：这张票只容许两人参加这个派对。? (6)Sandy could do nothing but he was wrong.? A.admit B.admitted C.admitting D.to admit? A to his teacher that解析 因为but前有实义动词do，所以but后的to应省略。4.dare v.敢；敢于We don’t dare to say a word unless she asks us to. (回归课本P12)除非她让我们说话，否则，我们是不敢说一句话的。 完成句子?(1)Would you dare (to) do a parachute jump?你敢跳伞吗？ (2) How dare you accuse me of lying! 你竟敢指责我撒谎！ (3) I dare say things will improve.我想事情会好起来的。?归纳拓展 (1)dare 用作情态动词和动词原形连用,没有人称变化, 多 用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，用于一般现在时和一 般过去时。 (2)dare 用作实义动词后跟不定式，不定式多带 to。 (3)I dare say 我敢说,可能,或许，在句中作主句或插入语 单项填空? (4)Jenny D her father about her failure in the exam. A.dares not tell B.dare not to tell? C.dare telling D.dare not tell? 解析 dare 作实义动词其后常接不定式，其否定式需 借助于助动词；作情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其否 定式为在其后直接加not。?5.respect vt.尊敬，尊重; n.［U］尊敬，尊重；敬意;［C］着眼点；方面；细节? I respect him a lot. ? 我很尊敬他。 完成句子 (1)I have the greatest respect for Jane’s judgement. 我非常钦佩简的眼光。 (2) With respect ,sir,I think you are quite wrong.? 先生,尽管我极为尊敬您，但我仍然认为您的确错了。? (3)This is especially true in respect of the United Kingdom.? (回归课本P12)英国的情况尤其如此。?归纳拓展respect sb./sth.for sth.因某事尊敬某人(事)? respect oneself自尊，自重? show/have respect for尊敬，尊重? send/give my respect to...代我向……问好? pay one’s respect to sb.向某人致敬? in every respect在每一点上? in respect of/to...关于……?with respect to...关于……的事；就……而言? 翻译句子 (4)无论从哪个方面来看，这项计划都不完善。? The plan is faulty in every respect.(5)请代我向你父母问好。?? Please give my respect to your parents. 6.matter n.［C］事情，问题；［U］物质；重大关系；v.(对……而言)有关系，重要完成句子 (1)What kinds of matter is the earth made up of?? 地球是由什么物质组成的？ (2)Political matters interest him greatly.? 他对政治问题很感兴趣。?(3) As a matter of fact ,she was responsible for theaccident.? 实际上，她应对这起事故负责。(4)There is nothing the matter with her.她没怎么样。?(5) It doesn’t matter to me whether she is pleased or not.她满意与否对我而言并不重要。 归纳拓展 as a matter of fact 实际上，事实上? What’s the matter with...? ……怎么了？? It doesn’t matter. 没关系，无所谓。?to make matters(the matter)worse 更糟的是?No matter what/who/where/when/how...?不管什么/谁/哪里/何时/如何……(引导让步状语从句)??翻译句子?(6) I don’t know what’s the matter with her. 我不知道她怎么了。 7.would rather...宁可；宁愿 完成句子(1)I would rather take the train than take the bus.?我宁愿坐火车也不愿坐公共汽车。? (2)Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came nextweekend.明天别来，我希望你下周末来。?(3) I would rather you posted the letter right away.? 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出。?归纳拓展?would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事 would rather...than...(=would...rather than...) 宁愿……，也不……? prefer to...rather than...宁愿……，也不……?would rather sb.did sth. 宁愿某人做某事(用一般过去时表示现在和将来)? ※would rather 后还可接动词的完成式，表示主语要做 某事，而结果却事与愿违。? I’d rather have left a note on her desk.?我本想留张纸条在她书桌上的。(事实上没有留)单项填空(4)―Did you watch the football final between China and Japan? ―Yes,but I would rather C . A.not do that B.not doing that?C.not have done thatD.hadn’t done that?解析 由句意知“已经看过了足球赛”，所以应用完成时 态，即：would rather not have done。(5)I would rather you D tomorrow.?A.to ing D.came解析 用一般过去时(came)表示将来的动作。? 8.keep (on) doing sth.不断做某事完成句子 (1)I keep forgetting to mail this letter.? 我老是忘记把这封信寄出。(2)Daddy! Melanie keeps on hitting me!?爸爸，梅拉尼老是打我！ 归纳拓展 keep back保留；阻止；隐瞒? keep...in order使……有纪律(秩序)；保持整洁?keep one’s balance保持平衡；保持镇静?keep out (of)不让……入内keep up with...与……保持同步 keep from抑制；忍住；防止；避开；隐瞒?keep in touch with...与……保持联系?keep one’s word遵守诺言；守信?keep up继续；保持；维持；使……不低落keep fit保持健康?※keep doing sth.; keep on doing sth.均表示“继续做某 事或重复做某事”，但后接动词如果是表静态的动词常用 eep doing，如：keep sleeping，keep lying等。单项填空 (3)Would you slow down a bit,please?I can’t A.keep up with C.make up to D.hold on to A you. B.put up with ?解析 根据句意，此处指“我跟不上你”,故选 keep upwith；put up with容忍；hold on to保留。?9. prefer...to...宁愿，更喜欢? ?完成句子(1)Most of us prefer reading novels to watching TV.? 我们多数人宁愿读小说而不愿看电视。?(2)I prefer to go out for a walk rather than stay at home.我宁愿出去散步而不愿呆在家里。(3)The old man preferred that all his children (should) stay with him.这位老人愿意他所有的孩子和他呆在一起。 归纳拓展prefer+n./pron.宁愿，更喜欢?prefer...to...结构中，to为介词，表示“宁愿……而不愿 ……”，其前后应是平行结构?prefer doing sth.宁愿做某事(表示一般倾向，也就是对某种行为的爱好)? prefer to do sth.喜欢做某事(指特定或具体某项动作,即在一定场合下“特别喜欢”)?prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做……而不愿 做……?prefer sb.to do sth.喜欢某人做某事?prefer+that-clause (从句中的谓语动词一般为虚拟形式)? 单项填空? (4)I preferred him A.not to go C.not go A to the zoo with us.? B.not going D.not to going? A the match.? B.to watch? D.rather than watching?解析 考查 prefer sb. to do sth.的否定形式。 (5)I prefer studying English at home A.to watching C.rather than watch解析 考查prefer doing...to doing... 结构。其中，to 的前后为平行结构。10.make sure 弄清楚；查明；确信；务必要(做到)完成句子 (1)I must go back home and make sure I closed the windows.我必须回家看看我有没有关上窗户。 (2)First you must make sure of the time and place.? 首先你必须弄清时间和地点。(3)He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。(别人对他的看法)?? 归纳拓展 make sure of/about弄清楚；查明? make sure that...确信，务必? be sure of/that...有把握，确信(主语是人)?be sure to do sth.一定会，必然会做某事(主语是人或物)单项填空(4)Mary,make sure C the lights before you leave the room.A.to turn off B.to have turned off? C.that you turn off D.turning off? 解析 make sure后可以接从句，但一般不接不定式。 (5)Please tell Tom not to leave the classroom unless he makes sure that all the lights are turned off .? A.are turned off B.will turn off? C.are turned off? D.will be turned off? 解析 unless相当于条件状语从句，而在条件句中用一般 现在时态表示将来; 第二空为被动, 第一空为主动, 故A项 正确。1.She’s kind and patient,and she explains English grammarso clearly that even I can understand it!她和善而且有耐心，她对语法的讲解是如此的清晰，甚至连我也能听得懂！?完成句子 (1)He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him.? 他说得如此快以致于我叫不懂他所说的。? (2)I never know so young a child with so wise a head. 我从未见过如此聪明的小孩儿。? (3)It was such bad weather that they couldn’t go out.?天气是如此地糟糕以致于他们不能出去了。?(4)They are such little boys that they can’t join the army.?这些男孩儿的年龄尚小以致于他们还不能参军。? 归纳拓展 (1)so...that... 与 such...that...两者都引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以致于……”。不同的是so为副词，such 为形容词。其用法区别为：?adj./adv.+that-clause?so+ adj.+a/an+n.+that-clause? many/much/little(少)/few+n.+that-clause?such+a/an+(adj.)+n.+that-clause?(2)so that 引导结果状语从句，表示“因此;结果;以致”。 ?Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead.? 再也没有听到他的消息，因此我们有些怀疑他是否死了。? ※当so或suchZ于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。? So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 单项填空 (5)She was so angry at all that he was doing that she walked out and closed the door behind her.? A.what B.that? C.that D.what? 解析 第一个that为定语从句中的引导词；第二个为 so...that 句型中的that。?2.Physics will never be my favourite lesson,but I think that I’ll do well in the exam with Mrs.Chen teaching me.物理永远不会成为我最喜爱的科目，但我认为有陈老师教我，我一定会考得不错。??完成句子? (1)She said goodbye with tears in her eyes .? 她含泪说再见。(介词短语)? (2)It’s bad manners to talk with your mouth full .? 含着满嘴食物说话是不礼貌的。(形容词)? (3)I went out with the light on .? 我外出时没关灯。(副词)?(4)With so many things to settle/to deal with,I can’t go on holiday.有这么多事要处理，我不能去度假。(不定式)(5)With all things she needed bought ,she went homehappily. 买了所需要的东西后，她高兴地回家了。(过去分词)?(6)We went through the forest without any difficultywith the guide leading us.? 由向导带路，我们毫不费劲地走过了森林。(现在分词) 归纳拓展 “with+宾语+宾补”在with的这一复合结构中作宾补的除?v.-ing形式外，还有：形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等,with的复合结构常作状语，表示伴随、时间、条件、原因等。?考题例证(2007?安徽，29)John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work AA.finished, he gladly accepted it.?B.finishing?C.having finishedD.was finished?解析 “with+宾语+宾补”结构中，宾补表示完成时用过去分词。We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday Cit rains or it’s very cold.A.since B.if C.unless(2008?天津，1)D.until?解析 句意为：我们这个星期天要去公园野餐,除非下雨或天气非常冷。unless除非。 [课文原文] We don’t dare to say a word unless she asks us to.You have no idea how she finished the relayraceA.for C.withCher foot wounded so much.(2008?福建，34) B.when D.while?解析 此处是with+复合宾语结构。其余三项为连词， 后接句子，如用它们，wounded前应加was。 [课文原文] ...,but I think that I’ll do well in the exam with Mrs.? Chen teaching me.I haven’t seen Ann forforgotten what she looks like. A.such C.soC B.very D.too?long that I’ve(2008?四川，1)解析 由句意“我那么久没见安了，以至于我已忘了她长 得什么样了”及句中引导结果状语从句的连接词，可知用 so...that...结构。 [课文原文] She is kind and patient,and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it!Yesterday she sold her car, a month ago. A.whenDshe bought(2008?浙江，8) B.where?C.thatD.which?解析 which引导非限制性定语从句，充当bought的宾 语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 [课文原文] ...,but most students go to state schools,which are very good.I’d appreciate A.thatBif you would like to B.itteach me how to use the computer. (2006?山东，24)C.thisD.you?解析 it作appreciate的形式宾语，真正的宾语是if you would like to teach me how to use the computer。 [课文原文] ...,but most of us really appreciate her because her teaching is so well organised and clear.返回题目要求假如你是李萌，家住北京，你的表妹家住在杭州。春节时你想利用假期到表妹家住一个月，然后再返回北京。写信 告诉表妹你的计划：? 1.春节旅游高峰期，不一定能够买到打折机票。全价飞 机票比较贵，火车提速后比较方便，所以选择坐火车从北京 到杭州； 2.同表妹在杭州火车站见面；? 3.一个月后乘火车返回北京；?4.最后，想听听表妹的意见。 注意：1.词数120~150词；?2.不能逐点翻译，需要适当发挥；?3.格式已给出。?写作批阅 Dear cousin,?How are you doing these days？Whenever I think of the holidays we’ll spend together,I feel excited.I’ve decided to go to Hangzhou by train rather than by air.I had planned to take plane there,but the problem is thatduring the Spring Festival holidays,there is noguarantee that I can get a discount.At the same time, the train has speeded up,and it’s more convenient to take a train. Concerned the above matters, I decide to take TRAIN Z9 that arrives at 8∶30 the next morning.When am in Hangzhou,I’d like you to meet me at the station. And I’d also like you to be my guide and then we can have a good time together.And one month later,beforethe new term begins,I’ll go back home by train again.?What about your opinion?I am looking forward tohearing from you soon.? Best wishes,? Yours, Li Meng教师点评1.How are you doing these days？中的doing应改为going, 因为How are you going？才表示“你近来咋样？”的意思。 2.I had planned to take plane there句中的take后加上冠词a。若用by时才不加冠词，即by plane。?3.Concerned the above matters中的concerned改为concerning。因为concerning是介词，意为“考虑到”，符合句子。经典句式 1.Whenever I think of the holidays we’ll spend together,I feel excited.?2....,there is no guarantee that I can get a discount.?3.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.返回Module 3 My First Rideon a TrainⅠ.重点单词――思忆1.The tracks (痕迹) of the car could be seen in the mud.? 2.Don’t worry too much about the interview (面试).You will be OK.? 3.The exciting football match was held in the stadium (体育馆)of our city.?4.He presented me some souvenirs (纪念品)when Ileft his place.? 5.If you say OK,I shall consider the matter as absolutely (完全地)settled.? 6.He abandoned (抛弃)his wife and went away with all their money. 7.They frightened (吓唬) the white bird away by risingto their feet suddenly.?8.We had to go there by travelling on the midnight (午夜)train.Ⅱ.考纲词汇――拓展1.distance n.→ distant adj.远的；冷淡的→ distantly adv.远方地?2.abandoned adj.→abandonment n.遗弃；放弃→ abandon vt.抛弃；遗弃? 3.expert n.→ expert adj.熟练的；老练的→ be expert in/at/on 擅长于(短语)?4.product n.→ productive adj.多产的→ production n.产量→produce vt.生产?5.train vt.→training n.训练→ trainer n.教练6.frighten vt.→ fright n.惊吓→ frightened adj.受惊的；恐惧的→ frightening adj.引起恐惧的?7.interview n.→ interviewee n.被采访者→interviewer n.?主考官；主持面试者?8.exhausted adj.→ exhaust vt.使人/动物非常疲倦→exhaustion n.筋疲力尽；用尽?9.scenery n.→ scene n.情景；景象→ scenic adj.景色优美的?10.desert n.→ dessert n.甜食Ⅲ.重要短语――识记1. take off 脱掉；起飞→ take up 占据(时间、空间等) → take on 呈现；雇用→ take...seriously 认真对待…… 2. in the distance 在远方→ at a distance 在远处→keep sb. at a distance 不要和某人太亲近? 3.look like 看起来像→look back 回忆；回顾→ never lookback 蒸蒸日上；越来越成功? 4. at midnight 在午夜→at noon 在正午→in the evening在傍晚?5.be short for 是……的缩写→ in short 总而言之；简单 地说→ cut in打断(谈话)；插嘴?6. out of date 过期→up to date 时髦；流行→date back to 追溯到→ to date 迄今为止? 7.in downtown Shanghai在上海商业区→ go downtown 去市中心? 8.attend the opening ceremony 参加开幕式→the closing ceremony 闭幕式 9.at the speed of 以……的速度→ pick up/gatherspeed 加速→at top/full speed 全速；以最高速度→ with speed 迅速地 10.not any more 不再→no more than 和……一样不→not any longer 不再Ⅳ.经典句式――再现1.Recently I had my first ride on a long distance train. 最近我第一次乘坐了长途火车。? 2.The sun shone,there was no wind and there wereno clouds in the sky.阳光明媚,天空中没有一丝风和云。 3.We saw abandoned farms which were built morethan a hundred years ago.? 我们见到了建于一百多年前的被荒弃了的农场。4.Then the government built a new railway line ,sothey didn’t need the camels any more.?后来政府建了一条新的铁路,因此，他们不再需要骆驼了。?5. Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometres per hour,the train can complete the 30 kilometre journey in eight minutes. 火车以每小时四百公里的时速前进，在八分钟内就完成了 三十公里的路程。1.distance n.距离；远方；远处 Recently I had my first ride on a long-distance train . (回归课本P23) 最近我第一次乘坐了长途火车。?完成句子 (1)The girl stood there,watching until the traindisappeared in the distance .?那姑娘站在那儿看着，直到火车在远处消失。 (2)The picture is good at first sight ,but it looks muchbetter at a distance .?这幅画乍一看不错，稍远点看更好。 归纳拓展 distant adj.远的；远隔的；稀疏的；疏远的；冷淡的? be distant towards sb.对某人冷淡?be distant from离……远in the distance在远处，在远方? at a distance稍远处 at a distance of在……远的地方? keep one’s distance from与……保持一定距离?keep sb. at a distance与某人保持距离；不与某人亲近?? 单项填空 (3)The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a B of 60 miles. ? A.length B.distance C.way D.space?解析 distance与60 miles是同位语，表示距离。其他三项意思不合适。2.abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的We saw abandoned farms which were built morethan a hundred years ago. (回归课本P23) ?我们看到了一些被遗弃的农场，它们都建于100多年前。完成句子?(1)The children abandoned by their parents are taken good care of.? 被父母遗弃的孩子得到了很好的照顾。? (2)The bad weather forced them to abandon theirresearch.恶劣的天气迫使他们中止了研究工作。归纳拓展abandon vt. 离弃;放弃;抛弃;遗弃;中止;放纵。作“放弃”讲时，后常接表示事物的名词；作“抛弃；遗弃”讲时，后常接表示人或事物、场所、地点的名词；作“放纵”讲时，后常接反身代词。?abandon n. 放纵?abandon oneself to沉溺于?abandon smoking/ship/one’s friends戒烟/弃船/抛弃朋友abandon sth./sb. to do舍弃某物/某人而被(别人)取得?? 单项填空(3)The cruel man C his wife and children and left for America alone.?A.gave upC.abandonedB.gave away?D.threw away?解析 句意为:那个狠心的男人抛弃了妻儿，独自一人去了美国。give up放弃(计划、希望等)；give away出卖(人等);throw away扔掉(东西等)。 3.interview vt. & n.接见；会见；采访 完成句子 (1)He has an interview next Thursday for a job on the? Los Angeles Times.他下周四参加《洛杉矶时报》的求职面试。(2)Mr.Green is having an interview with an important guest.格林先生正在会见一位重要的客人。?? 归纳拓展? have an interview with sb.会见某人? give an interview to sb.接见某人? interview sb.for sth.为某事对某人进行面试? interview sb.about sth.就某事采访某人? interviewer n.进行面试者；采访者?interviewee n.被面试者；被采访者?※动词加-er或-ee表示的含义有差别，加er表示动作的 执行者，加-ee表示动作的承受者。如：employer雇主，employee雇员。易混辨异 interview/cover 二者都可以表示“采访”之意，但是所采访的对象不同。 interview采访的对象是“人”，而cover采访的对象则是“物”。 The journalist will interview the applicants tomorrow.? 明天记者将采访那些申请人。? Reporters have been sent to cover the events.? 已经派出记者去采访那些事件了。 ? 单项填空? (3)At last the president came out and gave an interview to the newsmen.? A.with B.for? C.to D.with? 解析 give an interview to sb.接见某人。句意为：最后, 总统走出来接见所有的新闻发言人。4.supply vt.供应；提供；补充；满足；n.［U］供给;供应量；(复)供应品；生活用品 For many years,trained camels carried food and other supplies . (回归课本P23)?多年来，受过训练的骆驼载食物和其他供应物资。?? 完成句子?(1)The water plant supplies/provides the city with fine water. 水厂为城市提供优质水。 (2)Those children are not well supplied with books for studying.?那些孩子们学习用的书籍没有得到充分供应。(3)Do you get an adequate supply of food?? 你们得到足够的食物供给了吗？ (4)Equipment for the research will be supplied by the university. 研究用的设备将由这所大学提供。?归纳拓展supply sb. with sth.=supply sth. to/for sb.给某人提供 某物 supply a need/demand满足需要? supply a loss弥补损失?a supply of...……的供应量?(be) in short supply短缺?易混辨异supply/offer/provide 三者都表示“提供”的意思，其用法如下：?supply sb. with sth.=supply sth. to/for sb.? provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 另外，offer还可用于下列句式：? offer sth./to do sth.单项填空(5)They kept the orphan C with food and clothing.? A.supplying B.to supply?C.suppliedD.being supplied?解析 分析句子知 the orphan和 supply之间为动宾关系, 即supply sb. with sth.,故在本句中用过去分词表示被动。5.product n.产物；产品...,and returned with wool and other products . (回归课本P23) ……，带着羊毛和其它物品归来。 完成句子 (1)Machinery,cars,ships etc.are all industrial products . ? 机械、汽车、船只等都是工业产品。(2)The book is the product of twelve years’ hardlabour.? 这本书是12年辛勤劳动的产品。? ?归纳拓展? product n.可数,意为“产物，产品”，它的词意范围较大，多指工业产品，亦可指任何体力劳动或脑力劳动所产生的东西或发源于其他事物的东西。? produce n. 不可数，是“农产品”或“自然产品”的总称。 ? produce vt. 生产?production 是不可数名词，可以指生产行为，意为“生产，制造”；亦可指生产结果，特指诗、雕刻、绘画等文学和艺的“产品”，这时一般可用product代替。此外，还可以指 “产量”。如：agriculture product农产品；agricultural production农业生产。? 单项填空? (3)With the help of the scientist,the of the C factory has been raised.? A.product B.produce C.production D.products? 解析 此处production指“产量”。 6.get on 上(车、船等)；进展，进行；相处 完成句子 (1)How are you getting on with your English?? 你的英语学得怎么样？(2)He is not an easy man to get on with.他不好相处。 (3)The workers couldn’t get on for lack of materials. ? 由于缺乏材料，工人们无法进行下去。 ?归纳拓展?get away (from) 逃离；离开；摆脱?get off下车；动身，出发? get down to开始认真(干某事)(to为介词)? get on/along with进行，进展；与……相处? get rid of除掉，摆脱?get through通过；完成；接通(电话)?考题例证 (2007?天津，5)Hardly could he A this amount of work in such a short time.? A.get through B.get off? C.get into D.get down? 解析 句意为:在这么短的时间内他几乎不能做完这些工 作。A项意为“做完;通过”;B项意为“动身;起飞;下班;下车”; C项意为“进入;染上(习惯);陷入”;D项意为“使沮丧；记下”。 7.take off脱(衣、帽等)；(飞机)起飞；匆匆离开(常与for 连用);取下来；免掉，取消 完成句子 (1)It’s very warm in the room and you’d better take off your coat.房间里很暖和，你最好脱了外套。(2)The 5 a.m. train has been taken off and you’ll have to take the 6 a.m. train.?凌晨5点的那班火车已被取消了，你得乘坐6点那班车。 ?归纳拓展? take away拿走；夺去? take back收回；带回? take down拆卸；记下? take for以为；误认为?take in吸收；接纳；欺骗?take on呈现；雇用? take over接管；接任?take to喜欢；沉湎于；开始(从事于)?take up拿起；着手处理；占据?考题例证 (2007?辽宁，31) Don’t be A.taken off C.taken away D by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.? B.taken out? D.taken in?解析 take off起飞；脱掉；(事业)腾飞；take out拿出； take away带走；take in欺骗。由句意可知D项正确。8.refer to...指的是；提及……;查阅；参考完成句子 (1)In his speech,he didn’t refer to the problem at all.? 在他的演说中，丝毫未涉及那个问题。(2)We can refer to an encyclopedia for informationabout this subject.? 我们可以从百科全书中查阅这个问题的有关资料。? (3)California is referred to as the “Golden State”.? 加利福尼亚被称作“黄金之州”。?(4)He referred the student to the counselor.?他叫那个学生去找辅导员。? (5)The problem was referred to the committee.? 该问题已交付委员会处理。 ? 归纳拓展?refer to sb./sth.提到某人/物；涉及到某人/物 ?refer...to...让……参阅/参照……；叫(人)去(某处或某人 处)；把……委托/交付给……? refer to...as...将……称为……? refer to a dictionary查字典? ※refer的过去式，过去分词和现在分词都先双写“r”，再 加上“-ed”或“-ing”。? 翻译句子? (6)沃森教授让我去查阅她写的一篇关于这个主题的文章。?Professor Watson referred me to an article she had written on the subject.? (7)这项发现被称为是医学领域里的一项重大突破。 The discovery was referred to as a major? breakthrough in medical science.9.out of date 过时的；过期的；老式的完成句子 (1)This ticket is out of date .It’s two months old.? 这张票过期了，已经有两个月了。 (2)These machines are already a little out of date .? 这些机器已经有点陈旧了。 归纳拓展 up to date现代化的；最新式的?date back to/from追溯到；始建于?out of breath上气不接下气，气喘吁吁? out of control失控?out of order出毛病?out of reach够不着? out of question不成问题的；可能的? out of the question成问题的；不可能的? out of shape变形 单项填空 (3)This site is C and has been taken down.? A.out of day B.out of time? C.out of date D.up to date? 解析 句意为:这个网址已经过时并被删掉了。 10.be short for...是……的缩写；是……的简称 完成句子 (1)Her name is Alex, short for Alexandra.? 她名叫亚历克斯，是亚历山德拉的简称。(2)What we are short of is time and workforce.? 我们缺少的是时间和劳动力。? 归纳拓展? be short of...缺少……；缺乏……? in short 简言之；总之? for short 简略为；简称? go short 欠缺；缺少? run short(物品)不足；短缺?cut short 使……中断；打断；阻止?用恰当的介词填空 (3)Things couldn’t be worse, in short,we’re bankrupt.(4)I’m afraid I’m a little short of money this month.(5)We call the United Kingdom of Britain and the Northern Ireland the “UK” for short.1.And what a ride!多精彩的一次乘车旅行啊！ 完成句子 (1) What a lovely day!多好的天气！? (2) What a horrible thing to do!做这样的事情真可怕！ 归纳拓展? What+a/an+(adj.)+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！What+(adj.)+不可数名词或可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！How+adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)！? How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)！? 翻译句子 (3)天气太糟糕了！? ? What awful weather it is ! (4)多么漂亮的房子啊！? How beautiful the house is !2.Where do you think most of the people live,in the central part of the country or on the coast?你认为大 多数人生活在哪里：国家的中部还是沿海？ 完成句子 (1)Who do you think is fit for the job?? 你认为谁能胜任这项工作？? (2)What do you think has happened to Peter?? 你认为彼得发生了什么事？ (3)It is impossible, I think ,that we should finish the job in such a short period of time.? 我认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。 归纳拓展 此句是一种复合特殊疑问句。其结构是：特殊疑问词+do you think+陈述句结构。从语法角度讲, do you think是插入语。 无论疑问词在句中作什么成分, think后面都用陈述语序。?除think外,常见的动词还有：believe,consider,suppose,? imagine,guess和suggest等。? I think,I believe,I suppose,I guess,I imagine,I find,I understand,I trust,I know,I say,I hear等可用作插入 语，置于句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开；此类插入语，若 置于定语从句中，可不用标点。 单项填空 (4) A sent to work on the farm?? A.Who do you suggest be? B.Who do you suggest was? C.Do you suggest who was? D.Do you suggest who should be? 解析 do you suggest 为插入语和 who 一起构成特殊疑 问句；suggest 后接从句时用(should)+动词原形，用 虚拟语气。3.(1)We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago. 我们看到了建造于一百多年前的被荒弃了的农场。? (2)We ate great meals cooked by experts! 我们吃的美味饭菜是由烹饪大师们做的！ 完成句子 (1)These printed notices will be put up this afternoon.? 这些印完的通知下午将张贴。 (2)This is the dictionaryrecommended by the teacher.? 这就是老师推荐的那本词典。? 归纳拓展 abandoned为过去分词作定语。一般地说，单个过去分词 作定语需位于名词之前；而分词短语作定语则放在名词之后。polluted air被污染的空气?a letter written in pencil用铅笔写的信? 考题例证 (2008?福建，33)―Can those C at the back of the classroom hear me?―No problem.?A.seat 解析 “ B.sit C.seated D.sat?at the back of the classroom”为分词短语作定语。sit为不及物动词,可用sitting...作定语;seat为及物动 词,常与反身代词连用或用be seated形式。这里seat与those构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用其过去分词作定语。4.Would you mindshowing me your ticket??if I saw your ticket?? 请出示你的票好吗？?? 完成句子? (1)I hope you don’t mind me bringing the dog with me.? 希望你不要介意我把狗带在身边。? (2)I can’t hear the news clearly. Would you mind if I turned up the radio??我听不清新闻，你介意我把收音机音量调大点吗？?(3)I have so much to do―I feel like I’m going out of my mind.?我有那么多事情要做――我觉得自己都快要疯了。?(4)He has made his mind to resign,and that’s final.? 他已下决心辞职，而且就那么定了。? 归纳拓展? (1)Would you mind...? 后面接名词、动名词以及if引导的从 句。if从句中要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。但Do you mind后的if从句不用过去时态。? (2)mind sb. doing sth.介意某人做某事? mind your own business管你自己的事，别管闲事?keep sth. in mind记住?make up one’s mind下决心? be out of one’s mind发狂，发疯?go out of one’s mind失去理智，精神失常?(3)回答Would you mind 或 Do you mind...? 问句时，一定 要特别注意前后文的一致性，常见的表“不介意”的答语 有：CNNNo,go ahead。 表“介意”的答语有：I’m sorry,but IYes,I I’m sorry,but you’d better not。 单项填空 (5)―Would you mind over one seat? My wife and I can sit together.? ― B ;I’d like to help you.? A.Yes B.Of course not? C.Of course D.Certainly? 解析 Would you mind...? 后面接名词、动名词以及if引 导的从句；答语“Of course not”表示“当然不介意”。If there’s a lot of work A ,I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008?上海，33) A.to do B.to be doing?C.doneD.doing?解析 由句式结构可知，空格处应作为定语修饰work，且 表示将来的时间，故需用动词不定式。现在分词强调动作 正在进行；过去分词则强调动作已经完成。 [课文原文] I will never forget my first visit to the cinema.B in the fields on a March afternoon,he could feel the warmth of spring. (2008?安徽，30) A.To walk C.Walked B.Walking? D.Having walked?解析 句意为：三月的一天下午在田地里走时,他能感觉到春天的温暖。此处应该用现在分词作伴随状语,表示walk与 feel是伴随发生的动作。 [课文原文] Travelling at a speed over 400 kilometers per hour,the train can complete the 30 kilometerjourney in 8 minutes.We finished the run in less than half the time ? ? C . B.to allow (2008?江西，28) A.allowingC.allowedD.allows??解析 句意为：我们用了不到被允许的时间的一半就跑完 了。time后缺少定语,“时间”与“允许”之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词形式。? [课文原文] In 1925,they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem.“Things A never come again!”I couldn’t help ? talking to myself. (2007?湖南，34)?A.lostC.to loseB.losingD.have lost?解析 句意为:错过的事情不会再重来。lost为过去分词转化来的形容词，作things的定语，相当于一个定语从句 that are lost。 [课文原文] We ate great meals cooked by experts!The little boy came riding full-speed downthe motorway on his bicycle. A it was! (2007?上海，32)A.What a dangerous scene?B.What dangerous a scene?C.How a dangerous scene? D.How dangerous the scene?解析 What a dangerous scene it was!=Howdangerous the scene was! [课文原文] And what a ride!返回冠词 （Articles）1.不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法。?2.零冠词的用法。?3.专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前冠词的使用。?4.冠词后置的情况。?5.有无冠词的差异。一、不定冠词的使用情况 1.不定冠词和可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或事物。? A lion is a dangerous animal.? 狮子是一种猛兽。 2.不定冠词与序数词连用，不表示“第几”的概念，而表 示 “又一，再一”。? You can try a second time if you fail.? 如果你失败了，可以再试一次。 3.“不定冠词+most+形容词”不表示最高级的含义，而表 示“很；非常”，most在句中不含有比较的含义，只是来加强语气，相当于very。? This is a most troublesome case.? 这是个很棘手的案子。 4.表示职业的名词在句中作表语时, 其前通常用不定冠词。?He became a sailor when he grew up.?他长大后成了一名水手。 点金 turn后接表示职业的单数可数名词作表语时，名词前一般不用冠词；但若该名词前有形容词修饰时， 则需要加冠词。The young worker has turned writer.? 这位年轻的工人成了一名作家。?She has turned a successful singer.?她成了一名成功的歌手。 5.breakfast,lunch,supper等三餐前有形容词修饰表示“一顿，一次……”时，前面要用不定冠词。? We had a wonderful lunch at that wedding party.?在那次婚宴上，我们吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。6.否定词与不定冠词连用后接比较级时，可表示最高级的 含义。?I have never watched a more exciting match thanthat.我从没有看过比那更激动人心的比赛了。?二、定冠词的使用情况 1.定冠词the用于名词前，表示特指，具有“这，那”的意思。在有修饰语的名词前通常加the,表示特指意义。? The young man is the student who I taught 10 years ago.? 这个年轻人是我十年前教过的学生。2.前面已经提到过的名词，再次提到时，在前面加the。?I went to a nearby restaurant.The food there was good,but the service of the restaurant was terrible.?我走进了附近一家饭店，那里的饭菜很好，但服务很糟糕。?3.表示宇宙中独一无二的事物的名词前加定冠词the，如 sun,earth,moon,world,universe等。?The earth is bigger than the moon,but it is smallerthan the sun.? 地球比月球大，但是比太阳小。 4.定冠词和可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或事物。? Do you know who invented the computer?? 你知道是谁发明了计算机吗？ 表示类别时，也可用“不定冠词+单数可数名词”表示。另外，可数名词复数或不可数名词也可表示类指。5.定冠词与某些形容词连用使之名词化, 代表一类人或事物。?The rich must help the poor.?富人必须帮助穷人。? 点金 表示一类人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式; 但是如果表示某类抽象的事物时，谓语动词则用单数。?The false sometimes seems more powerful than the truth.谬论有时比真理似乎更强大些。? 6.与表示计算单位的名词连用，表示“以……计算，按 照……计算”时，用“by+the+表示计算单位的名词”结构表示。I pay the rent by the month.? 我按月付房租。?点金 在表示“按重量/体积计算”时，要用by Weight /volume表示。7.定冠词与表示世纪或逢十的复数数词连用，表示某个世纪或某个年代；但是如果要表示某人多大年龄时，常用“in+one’s+逢十的复数数词”表示。? When he went to America in the seventies,he was already in his forties. 在70年代去美国时，他已经40多岁了。 8.身体的某个部位接受外来动作时，可用表示人的名词作宾语，其后用“介词+the+身体部位的名词”表示。 The man beat his son in the face. 那人打了他儿子的脸。? 9.定冠词用在姓氏复数名词前，表示全家人或这一姓氏的 夫妇俩。? The Wangs will move to Nanjing.? 王先生一家将移居南京。 定冠词使用顺口溜? 特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；? 海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；? 方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；? 船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；? 姓氏复数、国全名，请你记住用定冠。三、零冠词和冠词使用情况的对比? 1.“by+表示交通工具的名词”结构中，名词前一般不加冠词；但是如果该名词前有定语，介词就不能用by，名词 前也要用限定词。? He went to Beijing by train.? 他乘火车去北京。?I came here on my old bike.?我骑我的旧自行车来的。? 2.两个名词指同一个人或事物时，后面一个名词前不用任何冠词；但如果分别指不同的人或事物，则两个名词前要分别加冠词。?The teacher and writer has come to the meeting. ?这位老师兼作家来参加会议了。?The teacher and the writer have come to themeeting. 老师和作家都来参加会议了。 3.在表示季节、月份、日期、星期等的名词前通常不用任何冠词; 但是如果该类名词前有修饰语时, 要用不定冠词。Spring is the best season of the year.? 春天是一年中最好的季节。? The spring of 2008 was a terrible spring.?2008年的春天是个可怕的春天。?4.在表示语言类的名词前通常不用任何冠词；但是如果该 种语言与language连用时，则其前要用定冠词。?He speaks Chinese fluently.(=He speaks theChinese language fluently.)? 他汉语说得很流利。 5.形容词的最高级表示自身比较时, 一般不用任何冠词; 但如果是多者之间进行比较，则the不能省略。?He feels happiest when he’s working for others.?他感到为别人工作时是最幸福的。? The best student in my class is the shortest boywith the shortest hair.?我班里最优秀的学生是那个个头最矮的、头发最短的 男孩。6.school,hospital,church等词表示建筑物的用途时，常不用任何冠词；但是当这些词表示场所时要加冠词。? He is very ill and has to go to hospital.?他病得很重，不得不去医院。?I am going to the hospital to visit a sick friend.? 我要去医院看望一位生病的朋友。?7.在以festival组成的节日前通常用定冠词；但是如果是以day组成的节日，其前通常不加任何冠词。? Every person in China enjoys themselves in theSpring Festival.每个中国人在春节时都过得很开心。?Christmas Day is approaching.? 圣诞节就要来了。8.man,mankind表示“人类”，word表示“消息”时，其前 习惯上不用任何冠词；但若表示其他含义时，则需用相 应的冠词。? Man will conquer nature.人类将能征服自然。?Word came that I was wanted on the phone.?点金 有人告诉说有我的电话。? 月、季节、星期、节假日、洲、称呼、头衔、职务、三餐、球类、惯用语、学科、棋类名词前, 一般都不用任何冠词。四、专有名词、抽象名词或物质名词前冠词的使用情况 1.公共建筑物、民族、阶级、党派或组织机构的专有名词前常用定冠词。?The Chinese is a great people in the world.? 中华民族在世界上是一个伟大的民族。2.表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称呼的名词前一般不用任何冠词；但是如果该职位在句中作主语，则前 面需加the。?Wendy was made monitor for this month.?温迪当选这个月的班长。? Mr.Smith is head of the company. 史密斯先生是公司的经理。The head of the company is Mr.Smith.? 这个公司的经理是史密斯先生。?3.抽象名词表示泛指指一般概念时，其前不用冠词；但是如果表示具体的人或物时，需用不定冠词。? Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。 The sports meeting was a great success.? 这次运动会取得了很大的成功。? 4.物质名词表示一般概念时，其前不用任何冠词；但如果 该物质名词表示特指或具体化，其前用定冠词；表示“一份、一类、一阵……”的含义时，其前用不定冠词。We don’t have much rain here,but last night we had a heavy rain.?我们这里不经常下雨，但是昨晚下了一场很大的雨。?五、冠词后置的情况? 1.不定冠词常用于quite和rather之后，但如果其后的名词 前有形容词修饰，则不定冠