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你可能喜欢新目标九年级英语单元知识点、短语及句型总结
快要告别寒假，快要告别长假，快要告别地震带给我们的食不安胃、睡不安寝的惨状，带着新的憧憬，我们又迎来了充满希望和挑战的新学年。
新学年即将开始，对我们来说，有意义的不是沉浸在昨天的回忆中，而是更多地思考如何不断地完善和提高自己。新学年开始之际，我送给大家三句话：
第一句话：认识自我，对自己说：“我能行！”
在生活中，我们获得的每一滴成功，遭受的每一次挫折，似乎都要经过放大镜，进入父母、老师的心底。我们每一点进步，每一个成长，无不受到大家默默的关注和赞赏。面对这般关爱，我们能说：“我不行吗？”
有人说：“说你行，不行也行；说你不行，行也不行。”这是一种信心上的心理暗示，会对我们的学习、生活产生重要的影响。我们每个人都是一个独特的生命个体，没有人能替代我们，我们应该勇敢地对自己说：“我能行！”这是心灵对生命的允诺，是我们前行的力量。
第二句：锻炼自我，对自己说：“让人们因我的存在而感到幸福！”&
在我们的学习、生活中，肯定有快乐和烦恼的交织，肯定有喝彩与孤独的交响，肯定有理想与现实的交战。“不以物喜，不以己悲”理应成为我们现代人追求的境界。
“与同学交往要讲信用，与别人交流要真诚”，这些名言警句，理应时时吟诵，铭记在心，并努力践行。
俗话说得好“一辈子同学三辈子亲”，如果说相逢是一首歌，相处就是一出铿锵激昂的交响乐，就让我们的师生、我们的校园、我们的花草树木、我们的板凳书桌，共同演奏这人生的伟大乐章！让我们大声说“让人们因我的存在而感到幸福”！
第三句话：提升自我，对自己说：“真正的学习是自觉学习。”&
伟大的教育家苏霍姆林斯基，用三十余年的躬亲实践，领悟出了一条极为朴素的真理，那就是“真正的教育是自我教育”。正如“没有比人更高的山，没有比脚更长的路”，路就在我们自己的脚下，命运就在我们自己的手中。所以，我想对同学们说：“真正的学习是自觉学习。”
让我们自觉地用勤奋与奋斗来赢得希望与收获；用纪律与约束赢得理智与自由；用汗水与泪水赢得练达与成熟；用拼搏与超越赢得成功与辉煌。
只有赢在起点，信心才能不断飞跃；只有笑到最后，生命才会光辉灿烂。
一、知识点
1.Check in :
在旅馆的登记入住。&&&&&&
Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。
2.By: ①通过…..方式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁边。例：by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car
④在……之前，到……为止。例：by October在10月前
⑤被&&&&&
例：English is spoken by many people.
3.how与what的区别：
&how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样 如何，通常用来做状语、表语。
&what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为 什么，通常做宾语，主语。
①How is your summer holiday?& It’s OK.(how表示程度
②How did you travel around the world?& I travel
③What do you learn at school?& I learn English,
math and many other subjects.
①&&&&&
What…think of…?& How…like…?
②&&&&&
What…do with…?& How…deal with…?
③&&&&&
What…like about…? How…like…?
④&&&&&
What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today?
⑤&&&&&
What to do? How to do it?
e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this
&& I don’t know what I should
do with the matter.=I don’t know how I should
deal with it.
&& What do you like about
China?=How do you like China?
&& I don’t know what to
do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next
㊣ What good / bad weather it is
today!（weather为不可数名词，其前不能加 a ）
㊣ What a fine / bad day it is
today!&& （day为可数名词，其前要加 a
4. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 : 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。
如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk,
laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:&
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
5. voice 指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。
& sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。
& noise 指噪音、吵闹声
6. find + 宾语 + 宾补（名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等）
& 例：I find him
friendly.&&&&&&&&
I found him working in the garden.
We found him in
bed.&&&&&&
He found the window closed.
We found her honest.
7. 常见的系动词有：
①是：am 、is、 are&&
②保持：keep、
③ 转变：become、 get、 turn
④ ……起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get + 宾语+宾补（形容词 过去分词 动词不定式） 使某种情况发生
例：Get the shoes clean.
把鞋擦干净&&
Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来
I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车
You can’t get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着
9. 动词不定式做定语
①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系
The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the
first to come.
②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系
I have nothing to
say.&&&&&&&&&&&&&
I need a pen to write with.
I need some paper to write
I don’t have a room to live in.
10. practice , fun
做名词为不可数名词&&&&&&&
11. add 补充说 又说
12. join 加入某团体
并成为其中一员&&&
attend 出席参加会议或讲座
&& join in与take part
in指参加到某项活动中去。
13.all、 both、
always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为：all---none,&&
both---neither, &everything---nothing,
&&&&everybody---nobody.
14. be afraid of doing sth. / sth.害怕 be afraid of being
be afraid to do sth.害怕
be afraid that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气
15.either：①放在否定句末表示“也”&&&&&&&&&&&
②两者中的“任一”
③either…or…或者…或者.…引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则
<plete完成，是个较正式的词，后不能接动名词&
finish指日常事物的完成
17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。
& 例：Please give me a second
apple.&&&&&&
There comes a fifth girl.
18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻烦，困难
19.unless& 除非，如果不，等于“if
not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
& 例：My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s
&&=My baby sister doesn’t cry if
she isn’t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you’ll have an
accident.&&&&&
如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。
20.instead: adv.
代替，更换。&&&&
&& 例：We have no coffee, would
you like tea instead？&
我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？
It will take days by car, so let’s fly
开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。
Tom was ill, so I went instead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。
instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换
例：Let’s play cards instead of watching TV.&
We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.
Give me the red one instead of the green one.
21.spoken 口头的，口语的。spoken English
&口头英语&&&&&
speaking 讲话的，说某种语言的。Speaking skills讲英语的能力
22. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.?& 如：What/ How
about going shopping?
&& ②Why don’t you + do sth.?
如：Why don’t you go shopping?
&& ③Why not + do sth.
如：Why not go
shopping?&&&&&&
&& ④Let’s + do
sth.&&&&&&&&&&
如： Let’s go shopping
&& ⑤Shall we/ I + do
如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
23. a lot 许多& 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
24. too…to 太…而不能& 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do
如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。
25. not …at all 一点也不& 根本不&
I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all.
我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
&¬经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all
则放在句尾
26.be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing
=== be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如：
&& I am / get excited about
going to Beijing.===
&& I am excited to go to
Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
27. ① end up doing
终止做某事，结束做某事& 如：
&&& The party
ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
& &② end up with
sth.&&& 以…结束
& &&The party
ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
28. first of all 首先
.& to begin with 一开始
&& later on 后来、随
29. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间
&&& either
也（用于否定句）常在句末
too& 也 (用于肯定句)&&
常在句末=as well
30. make mistakes 犯错
&& mistake sb. for
…把……错认为……
&& make mistakes (in) doing
sth. 在干某事方面出错
&& by mistake 错误地；由于搞错
mistake---mistook----mistaken
如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
&&& I mistook
him for his brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。
31. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）
如：Don’t laugh at me!不要取笑我!
32. take notes 做笔记，做记录
33. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如：
& &She enjoys playing
football. 她喜欢踢足球。
oneself& 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
34. native speaker 说本族语的人
35. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式& …其中之一
如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
36. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
&& 如：It’s difficult (for me )
to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。
&&& 句中的it
是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English
37. practice doing 练习做某事&&
&& She often practice speaking
English. 她经常练习说英语。
38. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：
&& LiLei has decided to go to
BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
39. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
40. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
&& 如：Mother worried about his
son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
41. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如：
&& I was angry with her.
我对她生气。
42. perhaps === maybe 也许
43. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。
44. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth.
do&&& 看见某人在做某事
&如： She saw him drawing a picture in the
classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。
45. each other 彼此
46. regard… as … 把…看作为….& 如：
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
47. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk
too 太 修饰形容词&& 如：much too
48. change… into… 将…变为…
如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
49. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
&& 如：with the help of LiLei ==
with LiLei’s help 在李雷的帮助下
50. compare … to … 把…与…相比
如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。
二、短语：
1.by making flashcards
通过做单词抽认卡&&&&
2. ask…for help 向某人求助
3.read aloud
朗读&&&&&&&&&&
4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式
5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧
6.for example (=for instance)例如
7.have fun
玩得高兴&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话
9.get excited
高兴，激动&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
10.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话
11.do a survey about… 做有关…的调查&
12.keep an English notebook 记英语笔记
13.spoken English (= oral English)
英语口语&&&&
14.make mistakes& 犯错误
15.get the pronunciation right
使发音准确&&&&&
16.practise speaking English
练习说英语&&&&&
17.first of all
首先&&&&&&
18.begin with 以…开始
on随后&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
20.in class在课堂上
21.laught at
嘲笑&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
22.take notes 记笔记
23.enjoy doing
喜欢干…&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
24.write down 写下，记下
25.look up (v + adv)
查找，查询&&&&&&&&&&&
26.native speakers 说本族话的人
27.make up
编造，虚构，化妆，打扮&&&&&&
28.around the world 全世界
29.deal with 对待，处理，解决
30.worry about (be worried about) 担心，担忧
31.be angry with
生某人的气&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
32.stay angry 生气
消逝&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
34. regard…as… 把…当做…
<plain about/of
抱怨&&&&&&
36. change…into… 把…变成… （= turn into）
37.with the help of 在…的帮助下
38. compare…to (with)…& 把…和…作比较
39.think of (think about)
想起，想到&&&
40.physical problems身体上的问题
41.break off
中断，突然终止&&&&&&&&&&&
42. not…at all 根本不，全然不
1.How do you study for a test? 你怎样为考试做准备？
2.I have learned a lot that way. 用那种方法，我已经学到了很多东西。
3.It’s too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些声音太难了。
4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.
记流行歌曲的词也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently. 卫明有不同的感受。
6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.
7.She added that having conversations with friends was not
helpful at all.
她又说和朋友对话根本没用。
8.I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
我没有搭档一起练习英语。
9.Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t
understand every word.随后，我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。
10.It’s amazing how much this helped. 我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。
11.My teacher is very impressed. 给老师留下了深刻的印象。
12.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很难造出完整的句子。
13.What do you think you are doing? 你在做什么？
14.Most people speak English as a second language.
英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。
15.How do we deal with our problem? 我们怎样处理我们的问题？
16.It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in
our education with the help of our teachers.
在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。
He can’t walk or even speak.他无法走路，甚至无法说话
一、知识点
1. used to& 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形.
used to do sth.
&& There used to be
….（反意疑问句）didn’t there?
否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to
疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于, to 为介词.
2. wear 表示状态. =be in +颜色的词
put on 表示动作.&
dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.dress sb. / oneself
have on表示状态（不用于进行时态）
3. on the swim team& on 是…的成员,在…供职.
4. Don’t you remember me?& 否定疑问句.（考点）
& Yes, I do. 不, 我记得.& No, I
don’t 是的, 我不记得了.
5. 反意疑问句:
① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用 陈述部分主语用 these, those,
疑问部分用they 做主语.
例: This is a new story, isn’t it?
&& Those are your parents,
aren’t they?
② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there
例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there?
③ I am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t I
例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?
④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither,
none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定.
例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?
⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t
⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody
等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting,
everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
&& Everything seems perfect,
doesn’t it?
⑦ 当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称,
时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移.
例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念& 例: I really miss the old
② 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.
例: It’s a pity that you miss the bus.
&&& The boy
shot at the goal, but missed.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾)& 指次数;
& no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer
(用在句尾)& 指时间.
9. right: ① adj. 正确的, 右边的② n. 右方, 权利③ adv. 直接地.
10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to
have changed a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron.& afford + to do 常与can,
be able to 连用.
例: Can you afford a new car?
&& The film couldn’t afford to
pay such large salaries.
12. as well as& 连词, 不但…而且…&
强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致
例: Living things need air and light as well as water.
生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光.
I as well as they am ready to help you.
不仅是他们, 我也愿意帮助你.
13. alone = by oneself
独自一人.&&& lonely
孤独的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段时间
&& during the last/past +
一段时间&&&
与现在完成时连用.
15. die (v.)& dead (adj.)&
death (n.)& dying (垂死的)
16. play the piano 弹钢琴
17. ①be/ become interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣
③show great interest in 在……方面产生极大的兴趣
④a place of interest 一处名胜 some places of interest
&& 如：He is interested in math,
but he isn’t interested in speaking
& English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
⑤ interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人
&&&⑥
interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物
& &⑦ an interesting
book / man
18. 害怕…& be terrified of sth.&
如：I am terrified of the dog.
&&&&&&&&&&
be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.
19. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，
其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着
20. walk to somewhere 步行到某处& walk to school
步行到学校
21.spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”
& ①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）
& ②spend…doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 如：
He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
&& pay for 花费
如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。
&take动词 有“花费”的意思 常用的结构有：
It take(s) sb.
… to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.
22. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如：I like to chat with him.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
我喜欢和他聊天。
23. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词
be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词
如：Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。
&& Mother is worried about
her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。
24. all the time 一直、始终
25. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如：
A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。
&&& Lui took
me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
26.& hardly& adv.
几乎不、没有& hard 困难的；猛烈地
hardly ever& 很少
修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义
动词之前 助动词/情态动词＋hardly
&&&&&&
hardly + 实义动词 如：
I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。
I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。
It rains hard outside, I could hardly go out.
27. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如：
&&& I have
lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。
28. be different from 与…不同
29. how to swim 怎样游泳
不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when
等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如：
& The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
& I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
30. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy
&& make sb./ sth. +
动词原形& make him laugh
31. move to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.
32.It seems that +从句 看起来好像…… 如：
It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。
33. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事
help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事
She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。
She helped me (to) study English。 她帮助我学习英语。
34. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15岁的
&& fifteen-year-olds
作名词指15岁的人
fifteen years old 指年龄 15岁 如：
a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。
I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。
35.支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth.
&& can’t / couldn’t
afford sth.
&& 如：I can’t/couldn’t afford
to buy the car.
I can’t/couldn’t afford the car.& 我买不起这个辆小车。
36. as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力 如：
&&& Zhou run
as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。
37. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦
38. in the end 最后
39. make a decision 下决定 下决心
40. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶 如：
to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶
41. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如：
&& His father always take
pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪
42. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心 如：
You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。
43. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如：
She is able to do it. 她能够做到。
44. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 如：
My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
复合句与简单句的转化：
①&&&&&
when ------ at the age of …
②&&&&&
so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to …
③&&&&&
so that…------ in order to do sth.
④&&&&&
because…----- because of…
⑤&&&&&
if ….----- without /& with…
⑥&&&&&
if…----- 祈使句+ and / or + 简单句
⑦&&&&&
宾语从句----特殊疑问词+动词不定式
⑧&&&&&
be sure&&&
&&&&&&that
+从句---- 动词不定式&
⑨&&&&&
It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemed to do sth.
⑩&&&&&
Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.
1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣.
2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.
3. be terrified of 害怕.
4. gym class 体操课.
5. worry about. 担心.
6. all the time 一直, 总是
7. chat with 与…闲聊
8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
& take the bus to school = go to school by
10. as well as
不仅…而且&&&&&&&&
11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦
12. make a decision
做出决定&&&
13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
14. take pride in
为…感到骄傲&&&
15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…组成/构成.&& be
made up of 由…组成/构成.
17. instead of 代替,
而不是&&&&&&&
18. in the end 最后, 终于
19. play the piano 弹钢琴
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉.
3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends.
以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的.
7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大.
一、知识点
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态
主动语态表示是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
& Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。
& Fish& is
eaten& by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。
& ②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
被动语态结构
一般现在& 时
are +过去分词
English is spoken in many countries.
一般过去& 时
was +过去分词
were + 过去分词
This bridge was built in 1989.
can/should
may& +be+过去分词
The work must be done right now.
&& ③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：
LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。
3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词)
& have sth.
done&&&&&&&
I get my car repaired. == I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车
& I want to have my hair cut. 我要理发.
4. enough 足够
形容词＋enough& 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮
& enough＋名词 如：enough food 足够食物
& enough& to 足够…去做… 如：
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
& She is old enough to go to
school.她够大去读书了。
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。
6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth.& = It seems that
&& He seems to feel very
&& It seems that he feels very
sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。
由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语 意为：…也是一样
Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定)&
表示与前面所述事实一致.
She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。
&&& She went
to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是
&&& She has
finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。
Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
8. yet 仍然，还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中 可与although/though连用
9. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。
10. clean up 打扫 整理 如：
I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。
11. 程度副词：
always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不
如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.
我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。
12. 曾经做某事：
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
&&& Have you
ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
shopping(去购物),&&&&&&&
&go fishing(去钓鱼)
go swimming(去游泳),
boating(去划船)
go hiking(去登山),
&&&&&&&&&&go
trekking(去徒步)
14. .be strict
with+人.&&& be
strict in+事物.
例: The head teacher is strict with his students
&He is strict in the work.
15. take the test 参加考试
pass the test
通过考试&&&&&&&
fail a test& 考试失败
16. the other day前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)
every other day = every two days& 每隔一天
（每两天）
17. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词
&& agreement 同意 反义词
disagreement 不同意 名词
18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词 使某人/某物保持…. 如：
We should keep our city clean.（cleaningⅹ）我们应该保持我们的城市干净。
Don’t keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等得太久。
19. both…and… +动词复数形式
如： Both Jim and Li Ming play& bastketball.
20. learn (sth.) from sb.& 向谁学习(什么) 如：
&& Jim learnt English from his
English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语
21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
&& have a chance of doing sth.
有机会做某事
&& 如：I have an opportunity to
go to Beijing.&& I have a chance
of going to Beijing.
22. at present 目前
23. at least 最少& at most 最多
24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
&&& It take
(sb.) time to do sth.& It took (me) 10days to read
&&& sth. cost
……&&&&&&&
The book cost (me) 100yuan.
&&& sb. spend
sth.&&&&&&&
She spent 10days on this book.
&&& sb. spend
She spent 10days reading this book.
sb. pay … for
sth.&&&&&&&&&
She paid 10yuan for this book.
+时间段+off&&&
放假，休息 如：have 2 days off
off 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.
例: I think I’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班.
She is off today. 她今天休息.
I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.
They haven’t had a day off since last week. 从上周来,他们没休息过一天.
26. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.
27. agree with sth.
同意某事&&&&&
如：I agree with that idea.
&& agree to
sb.& 同意某人的意见& 如：I agree to
28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如：
Her social life got in the way of her studies.
她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。
29. success& n.&
succeed& v.&
successful& adj.&
successfully& adv.
30. think about 与think of 的区别&
&& ①当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用
I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。
&& ②think about 还有“考虑”之意
，think of&& 想到、想出时两者不能互用
&&& At last,
he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。
&&& We are
thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。
31. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣
be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing.
她对跳舞热衷。
be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。
32. practice doing 练习做某事&& She
often practice speaking English.
33. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son.
34. also& 也&&
either也&& 用于否定句且用于句末
well&& 也&
用于肯定句且用于句末
&& I am also a student.
我也是一个学生
&& I am a student too.
我也是一个学生。
I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。
35.allow sb to do sth&
允许某人做…&&&&&&&
allow doing sth& 允许做…
36.stupid& silly& foolish
三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid 程度最强,指智力 理解力 学习能力差.&
silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩.& foolish
尤其在口语中广泛使用.
例: He is stupid in learning math. 他学习数学很笨.
Stop asking such silly questions. 别再问这样傻的问题了.
You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.
你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会.
37.He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
=It seems that he doesn’t have many friends.
=He seems not to have many friends.
38.clean (v.)
打扫,清理&&&&&&&&&
比较彻底地打扫,清理&& clean
out& 打扫,清理地最彻底.
39.concentrate on…& 全神贯注做…
例: He decided to concentrate on physics because he failed the
&&This company concentrates on
China market.
这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.
40. more…than…①与其说…不如说…; 比…更…
例: The man is more stupid than nervous.
与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.
②在这一结构中,more做adj. 修饰名词,表示“比…多”
例:I have more books than you. 我的书比你的多.
41.volunteer ① n. 自愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做…
例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home.
我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙.&&&&&&
42. get in the way (of)... 妨碍...
例: He never gets in others’ way. 他从不妨碍别人.
&& &The bikes
over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的.
43. success (n.)&& successful
(adj.)&& succeed (v.)
44. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.
例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.
Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好.
Only when she came home, did he learn the news.
当她到家时,他才得知了这消息.
45. care about& 关心,在乎,在意.
&& 例: No one cares about
others nowadays. 现在没人关心别人.
&I don’t care about what he does. 我并不在意他干什么.
1. be allowed to do sth
被允许干…&&
allow sb to do sth 允许某人干…
& allow doing sth 允许干…
2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls
16岁的孩子
3. part-time jobs
兼职工作&&&&&&&&&&&
4. a driver’s license 驾照
5. on weekends
在周末&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
6. at that age 在那个年龄段
7. on school nights
在上学期间的每个晚上&&&&&
8. stay up 熬夜
9. clean up (相当与及物动词)
10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格
11. take the test
参加考试&&&&&&&&&&&&&
12. the other day 前几天
13. all my classmates
我所有的同学&&&&
14. concentrate on 全神贯注于
15. be good for
对…有益&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
16. in groups 成群的,按组的
17. get noisy
吵闹(系表结构)&&&&&&&&&&&
18. learn from 向某人学习
19. at present 目前,现在&
20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会&
21.English-English dictionary 英英词典
22. at least
至少&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
23.eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠
24. an old people’s home
25. take time to do sth 花费时间干…
26. primary schools
小学&&&&&&&
27. have…off 放假,休息
28. reply to
回答,答复&&&&&&&&&&&
29. get in the way of 妨碍
30. a professional athlete 职业运动员&
31. achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想
32. think about
思考,考虑&&&&&&&&&
33. in the end 最后,终于
34. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣
35. spend…on + n.&& spend
…(in) + v-ing 在…上花费时间/金钱
36. care about
关心,担心,在乎&&&&&&
37. agree with 同意…
1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their
ears pierced.
我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.
2.They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业.
3.He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点.
4.We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more
我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情.
5.What school rules do you think should be changed?
你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了?
6.The two pairs of jeans both look good on me.
这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.
7.The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了.
8.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?
9.Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.
只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.
10.They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as
they want.
应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.
11.We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步.
一、知识点
引导的非真实性条件状语从句&&&&&
即 虚拟语气
&通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态
所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的
话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。
If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件
句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：
谓语动词形式
动词过去式(be动词一律用were)
would+动词原形
& 即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be
动词用were),&&&&
一般过去时
主语+would+动词原形&&&&&&&&
过去将来时
&如：If I had time, I would go for a walk.
如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间)
If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)
I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.
假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)
2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事& I pretended to
sleep just now.
& pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在干某事
& The students pretended to be writing when the
teacher came in.
& pretend +从句
假装…&& I pretended that I fell
3. be late for& 迟到 如：
& I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.
4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别
&& ⑴ a few
修饰可数名词&&&&&&&
a little 一些&&
修饰不可数名词&&&&&
两者表肯定意义
如：He has a few friends.&
他有一些朋友。&&
There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。
& &⑵ few&
修饰可数名词&&&&&&&&
little 少数的 修饰不可数名词& 但两者表否定意义
如：He has few friends.&
他没有几个朋友。&
There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。
5. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several
一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很
多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion
people&&&&&&&
几百/千/百万/十亿人&& hundreds of
trees& 上百棵树
8. what if + 从句&& 如果…怎么办 ， 要是…
又怎么样 如：
& What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办？
& What if LiLei knows?&
如果李雷知道了怎么办？
9. add sth. to sth.
添加…到…&&
如：& I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。
系动词与形容词连用&&& get
nervous 变得紧张
& feel shy&
觉得害羞&&&&
look friendly 看起来友好
11. too +形/副+to do sth. 太…而不能 如：
&& I’m too tired to stand.
我太累了而不能站。
12. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem.
&& help sb.
do.& 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松
13. in public 在公共场所 如:
Don’t smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。
14. energetic adj. 活力的 如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。
&& energy n. 活力 如：She has lots
of energies. 她有活力。
15.& ask sb. to do 叫…做某事
&&& ask sb.
not to do sth.叫…不要做某事
&&& tell sb.
to do 告诉…做某事&
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某事
如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
&&& Teacher
asked me not to clean the classroom.
16. start doing == start to do. 开始做某事 如：
&& He started speaking/ to
speak. 他开始说话。
17. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如：
&& I borrowed a book from
Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。
18.wait for sb.等某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。
19. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如：
introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。
20. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如：
invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。
21. have dinner/ supper&&
have lunch/ breakfast& 吃午餐、吃早餐
22. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多& 如：
&& They have plenty of food/
apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。
23. 给某人某物& give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
give me an apple 给我一个苹果
24. get along (with)=get on (with)
&& ①进行，进展
The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。
&& How are you getting along
with your English study?
你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？
②相处
&& Do you get along with your
boss?= Do you and your boss get
你跟老板合得来吗？
I’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。
25. would rather … than … （= would … rather than）宁愿，而不愿。
前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sth
①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若连接两个动词，动词应为v-ing 形式。
He would rather jog than play football.
=He prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做…”
He would rather watch TV at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是（连接两个并列成分，前后对称）。
I’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.
& I decided to write rather than telephone.
& I like going out with you rather than with
& She enjoys listening rather than
25. in fact 事实上
26. let sb. down 让某人失望 如：
&& Don’t let your mother down.
不要让你的妈妈失望。
27. come up with sth. 提出 想出
如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。
&& catch up with
sb.& 追上 赶上
如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。
28. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如：
&& I have experience teaching
Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。
29. come out 出版，出来
如：The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出一次。
30. by accident 偶然地，无意之中 如：
Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。
31. hurry to do 匆忙…&& I hurry
to call the
police.&&&&&&&&&&
32. more than=over 超过
34. offer 提供& offer sb sth&
给&&……&&
offer to sb sth 主动提出干……
35. ①give sb sth=give sth to sb
类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等
②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等
36.look for寻找find找到、发现
find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。
discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。
37.bring 带来 take 带走& fetch 去并拿来
38.talk to/with sb 同&&说话。
tell 告诉, 分辨，辨别。
speak to sb 同&&说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。
say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。
39.What if ……& 如果……将会怎么样？（引导条件状语从句、疑问句）
What if she doesn’t come?& 她要是不来怎么办？
& What if your parent don’t agree?
如果你的父母不同意怎么办？
What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办？
40.What does/do && look like?& 问相貌。
What’s && like? 问“品质性格”。
41.give a speech 做演讲& have a
speech听演讲& give a report 做报告
have a report 听报告
42.permission (n.)
允许，许可&&&&&&&
permit (v.) 允许
& without permission 未经许可
43.plenty of 充足的，相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough.
44.not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
45.a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词
46.the rest 其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词
宾语从句 ：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
& 由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成
& 常由下面的一些词引导：
& ㈠由that 引导& 表示陈述意义 that
He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
& ㈡由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
& ㈢由 连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy?& 你知道他想要买什么吗？
&㈣从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态
&&& He says
(that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
&&& I don’t
know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wants to know if I have finished my homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
&&& Do you
know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？
当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)
&&& He said
(that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
&&& I didn’t
know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？
1、give it to charity
把它捐给慈善机构&&&
2、medical research 医学研究
3、What if ……
如果…怎么样？&&&&&&&&&&&
4、get nervous 紧张
5、take a big exam
参加大考&&&&&&&
6、help with 有助于
7、in public
在公共场合&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
8、hardly ever 几乎不
9、the whole school
全校&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
10、without permission 为经许可
11、be(make) friends with 与…交朋友&
12、ask one’s permission 请求&&的允许
13、introduce…to…
把…介绍给…&&&&&&
14、invite…to do… 邀请…干…
15、social situations
社会环境&&&&&
16、not… in the slightest
根本不，一点也不&&&&&&&&
17、right away
立刻，马上&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
18、all day 全天
19、be friendly to
对…友好&&&&&&&&
20、at lunch time 在午饭时间
21、a bit shy
有点害羞&&&&&&&&&
22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛
23、represent the class
代表班级&&&&&&&
24、come top 名列第一（前茅）
25、let … down
使…失望&&&&&&&&&&&
26、come up with 提出、想出
27、be sure of +
n./pron.&&&&
be sure to do&
相信…&&&&&&
be sure +that 从句&
28、the rest of the students 其余的学生
29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有经验
30、deal with
对付，处理&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
31、come out 出版
32、give advice on…
在…方面提出意见、建议&&
33、by accident 偶然地，无意之中
34、hurry to do sth
匆匆忙忙干…&&&&&&
35、an internet friend 网友
1.He doesn’t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。
2.You shouldn’t worry about what other people say.
你不应该考虑别人说什么。
3.What will you do if you had a million dollars?
如果你有一百万美元，你会干什么？
4.If I were you, I ‘d take a small present.
如果我是你，我会带一个小礼物。
5.I’m too tired to do well.我太累了，没考好。
6.Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。
7.What are you like? 你是什么样的人？
8.I’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.
我会邀请他（她）到我家吃饭。
9.You enjoy the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。
10. I feel nervous talking in front of many people.
我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。
11.She always comes top in the school exams.
她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。
12.She doesn’t want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。
13.If I were you, I’ll get out of here.如果我是你，我会离开这里。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
一、词的语气
指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。（在英语中，语气除了指语调以外，最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气）
英语中的语气分为三类：
陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）
祈使语气（用于祈使句）
& 虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等）
二、虚拟语气
如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气。
三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
&eg If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the
bus.( 真实条件状语)
&If he was free, he asked me to tell
stories.（真实条件状语）
If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）
If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）
2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式
①&&&
表示与现在事实相反的情况
&& If I were you, I’d take an
umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things
on the earth.
如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)
&& If I had any money with me,
I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）
& If he studied harder, he might pass the
exam.如果他在努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）
②表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
Had+过去分词
Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
①were
If+主语&& ② did
③were to do&
(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小，
should+动词原形。
If it rained tomorrow our picnic
would be put off.
假如那天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。
主句+should/would /might& /could+动词原形
（条件）从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
谓语动词用过去式（be用were）
should/would/could/might+动词原形
eg& If I had got there earlier, I should/could
have met her.
如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
&& If he had taken my advice,
he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）
& ③表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）
eg: If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to
& 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）
& If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we
would not go skating.
&&如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了，（事实：不知能否下雪）
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the
如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事得始末。
四、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式
eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)
b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-ed
eg: I wish I had known the truth of the
matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形
eg: I wish I should have a chance
again.很难再有这样的机会了。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）
②虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。
在这种用法中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动
词原形”或只用“动词原形”。
如 He suggested
&& He insisted
&& He demand&
we (should) take the teacher’s advice
&& He ordered
一、知识点：
1.情态动词must, may , might, could, may ,
can’t表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们
& 含义有所不同
&&must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性)
&may, might,
could有可能，也许&& (20%－80%的可能性)
& can’t
不可能，不会&&
&&(可能性几乎为零)
The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it.
&& The CD might/could/may
belong to Tony because
he likes listening to pop music.
&& The hair band can’t
be Bob’s. After all, he is boy!
2. whose 谁的 疑问词 作定语 后面接名词
如：Whose book is this? This is Lily’s.
3. belong to 属于 如：
&& That English book belongs
to me.（不能用名词性的物主代词）
4.& 当play 指弹奏乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词 如：
play the guitar& play the
piano& play the violin
当play 指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词 如：
& play football& play
basketball& play baseball
5. if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，
从句用一般现在时代替将来时 如：
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be
late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到
6. if you have any idea== if you know 如果你知道
7. on 关于（学术，科目）
8. try to do sth. 尝试做某事 如：
I try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。
9. because of , because
& because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语
& because + 从句 如：
I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
&&& I had to
move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。
10. own v.－owner n.& listen
v.－listener n.& learn v.－learner n.
11. catch a bus 赶公车
12.& neighbor 邻居 指人
neighborhood 邻居 指地区也可指附近地区的人
13. local 当地的 如：local teacher 当地的教师
14. noise& n. 噪音 是个可数名词 noises
15. call the police 报警 如：Quick! Call the police!
快！叫警察！
16. anything strange 一些奇怪的东西
当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing,
everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面
17. there be sb./ sth. doing 如：
There is a cat eating fish.
&&& There must
be something visiting our home.
18. escape from …从哪里逃跑出来 如：
&&& He escaped
from the burning building. 他从燃烧的大概中逃出来。
19. an ocean of + 名词 极多的，用不尽的 如：an ocean of
20. unhappy 不高兴的 反义词 happy 高兴的
21. final adj. 最后的 finally adv. 最后地
22. dishonest 不诚实的 反义词 honest 诚实的。
23. get on
上车&&&&&&&&
get off 下车
24. use up 用光、用完 如：They have used up all the
他们已经用完了所有的钱。
25. attempt to do 试图 如：
The boys attempted to leave for Beijing.
男孩子们试图想去北京。
26. wake 动词 唤醒 常用的词组：wake up 意为醒来 如：
Please wake me up at 8 o’clock. 请在8点钟叫醒我。
27.& look for 寻找 指过程
find 找 指结果 如：
I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。（指找的过程）
I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。（指找的结果）
28.& hear 听 指听的结果
listen 听 指听的过程 如：
Did you hear ? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果，听或没听到）
I often listen to the music.
我经常听音乐。（指听的过程）
29. try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事 如：
He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。
30. 名词所有格
名词所有格的构成有两种形式
①是在名词后面加 ’s
或是以s结尾
的名词，只在名词的后面加 ’
如：Ann’s book 安的书, our teachers’
office我们老师们的办公室
注：双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加’s, 如：
Lily and Lucy’s father
莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸爸是同一个人）
②有…of …介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格 如：
a picture of my family 我家人的相片
有时也有’s表示无生命的东西的所有格 如：
today’s newspaper, the city’s
31、happen指偶然的发生；
take place用于计划好的事情或自然的发生；（二者无被动语态）
happen to do sth碰巧干某事.& happen to
sb.某人发生了什么事
32、raise [reiz] 及物动词 举起、提高 ；募捐 用外力升起，如升旗
rise（不及物动词）上升。自然升起，如价格上涨，日出等。
Raise the money for charity.& Raise the
Five-red-star flag
33、hope to do sth；hope that从句。&
wish to do sth；wish sb to do sth；wish that从句。
34、however与but：
（1）从语义上看，but所表示的是很明显的对比、转折。
（2）从语法上看，but是并列连词，however是个副词。
（3）从语序上看，but总位于所引导的句首，however可放在句首、句中、句尾。
（4）从标点上看，but之后没有逗号，however之前、之后短语用逗号隔开。
在完成时态
⑴由have/ has ＋ 过去分词
⑵表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用
Have you finished your work yet？你完成了你的工作了吗？
Yes, I have. I have just finished it. 是的。我刚刚完成了。
I have already finished it . 我已经完成了。
Have you ever been to China? 你曾经去过中国吗？
No, I have never been there. 没有，我从来也没有去过。
⑶①表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作 或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状态连用如：（for +
时间段，since + 时间点，或过去某一动作， 以及how long ）
②注： 非延续性动词在现在完成 时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。
应转为相应的延续性动词 如：
have&&& die----
be dead&& join ---- be
borrow----- keep&& leave----
I have bought a pen.------ I have had a pen for 2 weeks.
The dog has died.------- The dog has been dead since last
⑷①have (has) been to + 地点 去过某地 已经回来
②have (has) gone to + 地点 去了某地 没有回来
③have been in +
一直呆在某地 没有离开过& 如：
She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来)
She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来)
She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)
二、短语：
1、be long
to属于&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
2、listen to classical
music听古典音乐&&&
school上学、求学、在学校&&&&&&
4、go to the
concert去听音乐会&&&&&&&&&
5、have any/some idea知道 have no idea不知道
6、a math test on
algebra有关代数的数学考试&&
7、the final
exam期末考试&&&&&&&&&&&
8、because
of因为&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
9、a present for his mother送给她妈妈的礼物
10、run for exercise跑步锻炼&
11、wear a suit穿西装
12、make a movie拍电影
13、in our neighborhood在我们附近、在我们小区
14、have fun玩耍、取闹
15、his or her own idea她（他）自己的看法
16、late night深夜
17、an ocean of许许多多、无穷无尽的
18、be care of=look out当心、小心
19、pretend to do sth假装干…
20、use up用完、用光
三、句子：
1、If you have any idea where might be please call me.
如果你知道它可能在哪，请打电话给我。
2、It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30%to the
final exam.
关键是我必须学，因为它占期末考试的30%。
3、What do you think “anxious” means?
你认为“anxious”是什么意思？
4、He could be running for exercise.他可能是跑步锻炼身体。
5、He might be running to catch a bus.他可能是在跑着赶公共汽车。
6、Why do you think the man is running?你觉得那个男的为什么跑？
7、No more mystery in Bell Tower neighborhood.
钟塔附近不再有神秘的事了。
一、 知识点
v.更喜爱，更喜欢，相当于like……better，其过去式、过去分词为preferred，常用于以下结构：&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(1)prefer+名词、代词I preferred music.& Which do you
(2)prefer+动词不定式“宁愿干……”
She prefers to live among the working people.
prefer+v-ing&&&
I prefer living abroad.
(4)prefer+动词不定式复合结构:
常见的搭配有:
①prefer……to……喜欢……而不喜欢……（to为介词）
She prefers apples to bananas.
②prefer doing to doing（to为介词）
He prefers running to walking.
③prefer to do …… rather than do sth.宁愿干……而不愿干……
They prefer to play games rather than watch TV.
2.gentle: ①轻柔，温和（往往指音乐、嗓音或风）
②温柔的，文雅的（往往指人的性格）
3.remind……of……使某人回想起或意识到某人、某事
She reminded me of her sister.
The pictures remind me of my school days.
4.表示“也”的用法：
also 用在句中，too 用在句末，as well 多用于口语，用在句末，这三个表达都用在肯定句。either “也”
用在否定句尾
5. What do you think of
…?&&& =How do
you like…?
6.as 的用法：
①用作连词“按照”
Please do it again as I told you.
②连词，当……的时候，着重强调两个动词同时发生
She sang as she worked.
③表示原因，“因为，由于”比较口语化，语气也较弱，所表示的原因比较明显。
As I didn’t know the way, I asked the policeman.
④as…as…& 和……一样
7.over the years多年来&&
，往往与现在完成时连用
8.though 不做副词“可是，不过，然而”放在句尾
9. be sure of +n. / pron.
/短语&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
be sure that
从句&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
｝相信，对……有把握
&&&&&&&&&&&&
be sure to do 务必……一定……
make sure 确保，核实，查收，弄清楚
10.one of the+最高级+复数名词，最……之一
11.过去分词作定语，表示被动或完成
12. on display=on show
13.interest:①n.兴趣，趣味；②v.使感兴趣
He interested me in football.他使我对足球感兴趣。
I’ve got a lot of books that might interest
you.我有许多可能使你感兴趣的书。
14.class& 等级，级别，阶级
15. whatever=no matter what
16.suggest:①建议，后跟宾语从句，用虚拟语气；
②表示，暗示，后跟宾语从句，不用虚拟语气。
17. energy (n.)=energetic (adj.)
18.honest 该词是元音发音开头，前面的不定冠词用“an”.
19.先行词若为地点或时间时，后面的关系词用关系代词还是关系副词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。若关系词作定语从句的主语、宾语或定语，用关系代词；若关系词作状语，则用关系副词。
20. along with 伴随…& 同… 一道
& I will go along with you. 我同你一道去。
& I sing along with music. 我伴随着音乐唱歌。
21. dance to sth. 随着…跳舞
&&She likes dancing to the
music. 她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。
22. different kinds of 各种各样different kinds of clothes
各种各样的衣服
23. music n. 音乐 musician n. 音乐家
24. take … to … 带…去…. 如：
& My father often takes me to the park.
我的爸爸经常带我去公园。
& Please take this box to my office.
请拿这个盒子到我的办公室。
25. be important to sb. 对…重要
&& be important for sb. to do.
做某事对某人很重要
26. though == although 作连词& 虽然，尽管
放在句子中间/句首，不能和but 连用
Though it was very late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了，但他还在工作
Mr. Smith , though he was young, did it very well.
史密斯先生虽然年轻，却做得很好。
27. energy n. 活力& energetic adj. 有活力的
28. most of … …的大多数
29. keep healthy 保持健康
30. get together 聚在一起
31. be bad for sth. 对…有坏处的
&& be bad for doing sth.
做…有坏处
32. take care of === look after 照顾 关心 如：
&& She often takes care of /
looks after her son.
33 stay away from 远离… 如：
&&& Stay away
from me , I have a cold. 请远离我，我得了感冒
34. to be honest 老实说 如：
&& To be honest I really like
flowers. 老实说我真的很喜欢花。
35. dislike 不喜欢 反义词 like 喜欢
36. fisherman 渔夫 复数形式 fishermen
37. photography n. 摄影 photograph n. 照片 相片
photographer n. 摄影师
38. be in agreement 意见一致 常与介词on /about连用如：
&& They are in agreement on
that question. 他们对那个问题意见一致。
39. mainly adv. 主要地 首要地& main adj. 主要的
1.expect to do sth.期望干……
expect sb. to do
sth期望某人干……&&&&
2.catch up with追上，赶上
3.different kinds of music各种不同的音乐
4.quiet and gentle
songs轻柔的歌曲&&&
5. take…to…& 带……到……
6. remind…of…使某人想起或意识到……&
7.her own songs她自己的歌曲
8.be important
to对……重要&&&&&&&&&
9.Yellow River黄河
10.Hong Tao’s latest
movie洪涛最近的电影&&
11.over the years多年来
12.be sure to do sth.务必干……一定干……
13.one of the best known Chinese photographers世界上最有名的中国摄影家之一
display展览，展出&&&&&&&
<e and go来来往往
stand不能忍受&&&&&&&
17.look for寻找
18.feel sick感到恶心，不舒服&&
19.have a great time玩得高兴，过得愉快
honest说实话&&&&&&&&&&&&
21.be lucky to do幸运的是……
22.my six-month English course我6个月的英语课
23.most of my friends我的大部分朋友&
24.go for去找某人，想法得到某事物
healthy保持健康&&&&&&&
26.French fries薯条
27.stay away from与……保持距离&
28.be in agreement意见一致（后跟短语、句子）
29.barbecued
meat烤肉&&&&&&&
30.a tag question反意疑问句
31.be bad for对……有害
1.I love singers who write their own music.我喜欢自己创作曲子的歌手。
2.We prefer music that has great lyrics.我们更喜欢歌词很棒的曲子。
3.What do you dislike about this CD.你不喜欢这张CD的什么？
4.What does it remind you of？它使你想起了什么？
5.The music reminds me of Brazilian dance
music.这首曲子使我想起了巴西舞曲。
6.It does have a few good features, though.
然而，它的确也有一些好的方面。
7.She really has something for everyone.
每个人的确都能从她的作品中领悟到一些东西。
8.Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition.
无论怎样，你都不能错过这次展出。
9.As the name suggests, the band has a lot of energy.
正如乐队名字所暗示的那样，这支乐队很有活力。
10. Some people say they are boring, but others say they are
11.If I were you, I’d eat nuts instead.如果我是你，我会改吃坚果。
一、知识点：
累的&&&&&&&
tiring 令人疲惫的
讨厌&&&&&&
boring 令人厌烦/讨厌的
兴奋的&&& exciting
令人兴奋/激动的
惊讶的&&& amazing
令人惊讶的
2. education n. 教育& educational 有教育意义的
3. 想要做…：would like to do
& 想要…：would like sth.
&& 常用的句型有：
&& What would you like to do?
你想要做什么？
&& I would like to visit
GuiLin. 我想去参观桂林。
&&&What would
you like ?& 你想要什么？
I would like some tea. 我想来些茶。
Would you like to go to my party? 你来不来参加我的晚会？
(表邀请) Yes, I’d love/ like to . No, thanks.
Would you like some tea or coffee? 你是要点茶还是咖啡？
Yes, I’d love/ like. No. thanks.
Where would you like to visit/ go? 你想去哪呢？(本单元的重点句型)
4.& go on vacation 去度假
&& go on a trip 去旅行
&& go on a picnic 去野炊
5.& hope to do 希望做某事 I hope to go to Beijing.
我希望去北京。
&& hope (that) +
从句& 希望….
I hope that I can go to Beijing.我希望我能去北京。
I hope (that) she can pass the test.我希望她能通过考试。
6. I love places where the people are friendly. 我喜欢人们友好的地方。
&&where 关系副词，引导定语从句
&&where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词如：the
place, the city等
&&That is the school where I
studied 10 years ago. 那就是我10年前所就读的学校。
7. 不定代词&& 参看课本P141
&& 注：形容词必须放在不定代词、不定副词的后面
8. consider doing考虑做某事
& I am considering changing my job.
我正在考虑换工作。
9. cost (sb.) 钱、时间& The book cost me 10
yuan 这本书花了我10元。
10. in general 一般来说， 大体上， 通常
11. be supposed to do 应该做…. === should& 如：
&& Scientists are supposed to
know a lot. 科学家们应该知道更多。
12. take a trip 去旅行
13. provide sb. with sth 供应某人某物=== provide sth for sb.
&& 如：They provide us
with water.
They provide water for us.
14. how far 问路程 多远（20 kilometers , five munites’ walk）
&& how old 问年龄 多少岁（13 years
&& how long 问时间 多久；多长（since,
&& how often
问频率 多久一次（sometimes, often, 3 times a day, every day）
15. be away 离开 如：
I was away 2days ago. 我两天前离开了。
&&& I will be
away for a few days. 我将离开一些天。
16. inexpensive& adj. 不贵的&
反义词 expensive adj. 贵的
17. let sb. do 让某人做某事 Let me help you.让我帮你吧。
let sb. not do 让某人不要做某Let us not laugh. 让我们不要笑了。
18. in the future 将来
She will a good mother in the future. 在将来她将会是一个好妈妈。
19. 用to 表示 “的”有：
answers to question 问题的答案
the key to the door 这扇门的钥匙
20. as soon as possible 尽可能的快
21. continue doing == go on doing 继续做某事 如：
&& She continued singing. ==
She went on singing. 她继续唱歌。
22. according to 根据
23. be willing to do 愿意做某事 如：
willing to help you. 我愿意帮你。
24. on the other hands 另一方面
25. hold on to sth. 保持，不要放弃
&& Please hold on to my
hand. 不要放开我的手。
26. come true 实现 如：
&& My dream have come true.
我的梦实现了。
27．through& 穿过 含有“in”的意思 across
横过& 含有“on”的意思
28. Some day=someday 只指将来某一天
one day 既可指将来某一天，也可指过去某一天。
28. Plan 计划打算(1) plan to do sth
We are planning to visit London this summer&
/Do plan to stay late?
跟名词或者代词&&& Have
you planned your trip?
We have been planning this visit for months.
(3) plan for 为…做计划He planned for a picnic if the next day were
(4) plan on 打算有（做某事）She had not planned on so many guests.
They are planning on an/for an outing.
29.强调句型：It is(was)…that (who ,whom)…
(1) 强调句型可用来强调各种句子成分
(2) 强调句中的连词who,whom只用来指代人，that
即可以指代人也可以指代物被强调部分是时间，地点等仍用that
(3)that,whom, who 后的句中的谓语与原句保持一致
(4)强调句中只有it is ,it was 两种时态形式，
如：I am right ------It is I who(that) am right.
又如：They will have a meeting tomorrow.
It is they who(that) will have a meeting tomorrow.
It&s a meeting that they will have tomorrow.
It&s tomorrow that they will have a meeting.
30.在英语中，有although 不能有有because 不能有so
1.go on vacation
去度假&&&&
2.trek through the jungle 徒步穿越丛林
3.some day
有朝一日&&&
4.one of the liveliest cities 最有活力的城市之一
5.be supposed to do sth. 应该干。&
6.pack light clothes 穿薄衣服
7.take a trip 去旅行
8.provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb&
为了某人提供某物
离开，远离&&&
10.the answer to the question 问题的答案
11.according to 根据。按照。& 1
2.work as tour guides 做导游的工作
13.dream of
梦想，想到&&&&
14.less realistic dreams 不现实的梦想
15.be willing to do sth. 愿意干。
16.achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想
17.sail across the pacific 横渡太平洋
18.hold on to 保持，不要放弃（卖掉）
19.take it easy 从容 轻松
20.Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布
21.Eiffel Tower
艾菲尔铁塔&&&
22.Notre Dame Cathedral 巴黎圣母院
23.this time of year 一年中的这个时候
24.in general 通常 ,大体上, 一般而言
1.where would you like to go on vacation?
I’d like to trek through the jungle.
2.l like places where the weather is always warm.
3.I like to go somewhere relaxing 我喜欢去休闲的地方
4.For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris?
你下次度假为什么不考虑去巴黎？
5.Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money.
乘坐出租车游览巴黎要花费很多钱
6.So unless you speak French yourself, it’s best to travel with
someone who can translate things for you.
因此，除非你自己会讲法语，否则最好与一个能为你翻译的人一起去。
7. We’d like to be away for three weeks.
我们大约要去三个星期.
8.The person has a lot of money to spend on the vacation.
度假中这个人有很多钱可以花.
9.I hope you can provide me with some information about the
kinds of vacations that your firm can offer
我希望能给我提供一些贵公司能经营的旅游项目的信息.
10.Could you please give me some suggestions for vacation
你能给我一些有关度假地的建议吗？
11.You need to pack some warm clothes if you go there.
你如果去那里，需要带一些暖和的衣服。
12.I’d love to sail across the Pacific.
我想横渡太平洋。
一．知识点： 短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种：
&1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动
词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放
在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
&& 这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出
run out of 用完，耗尽
& 4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加 catch hold of
1.cheer (sb.) up& 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up
& clean up&
打扫&& clean-up n. 打扫
2. homeless adj. 无家可归的& a homeless boy
一个无家可归的男孩home& n. 家
4. sick& adj. 生病的& 作表语、定语
& ill& adj.
生病的&&& 作表语
，不能作定语
5. volunteer to do& v.
志愿效劳、主动贡献&
& volunteer& n. 志愿者
6. come up with& 提出 想出 === think up 想出
& catch up with& 赶上 追上
7. put off doing 推迟做某事
& put on& 穿上 (指过程)
& put up& 张贴
8. write down 写下& 记下
9. call up 打电话
& make a telephone call 打电话
10. set up 成立 建立
The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。
11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用
&& every 每个 每一个的 一切的
则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
12. put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用
&& They put the new machine to
use. 他们把新机器投入使用
13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
&& help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
help him with English
&& help do&
帮助做某事& help study
14. plan to do 计划做某事
&& plan + 从句
&& I plan to go to Beijing.
=== I plan (that) I will go to Beijing.
&我计划去北京。
15. spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing.
我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
&& spend… on
sth.& 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.
16.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
& (1)引导以 not only …but (also)…
开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：
&&& ①Not only
can I do it but (also) I can do best.
我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
& ⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化
也就是就近原则 如：
& ①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat.
不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
& ②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat.
不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有：
&①Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)Neither you nor I
like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
&②Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you
are a student.
&③Not only …but (also)…
&④There be
17. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织)& 如：join the Party 入党
&& take part in 参加
(指参加活动)& 如：
take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
18. run out 与 run out of
& ①run out (become used up).
其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本
身就含有被动意义。
&&His money soon ran out.
他的钱很快就花光了。
&&My
