过去式的句子
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过去式的句子
第一篇:过去式的句子今天我们主要是语法的学习
the grammar focus
今天的语法主要讲时态tense
一般过去时
simple past tense
我们之前曾经学过一般现在时
它主要表示经常 反复 习惯性的动作
是一个比较平常的时态
主要用在现在
现在我们要往前推一个时态
也就是过去时
过去时主要是以动词的ed表示的
它主要表示叙事 作文 日常对话
经常用到的一种比较重要的时态
我们叫做一般过去时
simple past tense
一般过去时请大家要注意
它表示的是在过去的某一时间点
所发生的动作或处的状态
也就是说这个动作和状态
发生在过去
在说话人说的时候
这个动作已经发生过了
请大家看这样的两个例句
the first one
He arrived in Hangzhou
an hour ago
他一个小时前到了杭州
大家请注意这句话的时间状语
一个小时之前 an hour ago
这个ago就是一个典型的
一般过去时的标志语
一般过去时的句子
经常会有ago 这样一个词出现
所以一小时之前到了杭州
说明这个动作发生在一小时之前
我们要说he arrived
arrive这个词
用了它的过去式形式arrived
So He arrived in Hangzhou
an hour ago
再来看一下第二个句子
I saw him when he came in
这是典型的一个时间状语从句
大家看到时间状语从句
一定要找到主句和从句
这句话的主句是I saw him
我看见了他
从句是when he came in
当他走进来的时候
所以这两个句子
同时都用了过去式
构成了一个一般过去时的主句
和一般过去时的从句
整个句子是
I saw him when he came in
好 下面我们再来看第二条
一般过去时的用法
一般过去时除了表示过去的动作
也可以表示在过去的某一时间段里
反复出现的动作或是状态
请大家看这两个例句
the first one
Their children often went hungry
in the old days
在过去这些孩子总是受饿
在这个句子当中
孩子们总是处在饥饿的状态下
是一个过去在这时间段里
经常反复发生的动作
所以我们用了一般过去时
go变成了它的过去式went
所以句子构成是
Their children often went hungry
in the old days
第二个句子
During his middle school years
he played football
nearly every day
在他上中学的那段日子里
他经常几乎每天都在踢足球
这个句子的踢足球play football
我们用了一个过去式
played football
也就是说这是在他上中学时
经常反复发生的一个动作
所以我们也要用一般过去时
During his middle school years
he played football
nearly every day
好 我们现在看下一个
一般过去时的用法
一般过去时也可以表示主语
过去的特征或者是性格
所以我们请看这样的三个例句
the first one
At that time
she spoke very good English
在那时她英语说得很好
这表示主语she在过去的那段时间
她典型特有的特征或者是性格
再来看第二句
She was an orphan
and gave piano lessons
to rich （kits）
她是一个孤儿
并且经常给有钱的孩子教授钢琴课
也是一个发生在过去的
表示主人公的性格 特征
或者是所做过的事
所以这个句子我们用了一般过去时
She was an orphan
and gave piano lessons
to rich （kits）
在这个句子大家要注意一下
give这个动词
give的一般现在式是G I V E give
注意它的过去式是G A V E gave
好 下面我们再来看第三个句子
Thousands of years ago in Egypt
kings planned strong tombs
for themselves
and we called them Pyramid
在过去的古埃及
法老们总是建造自己的陵墓
我们现在叫做金字塔
在这个句子里面
也是表示主人公
过去特有的一些特征或者是动作
所以这个句子
我们也用了一般过去时
Thousands of years ago
大家注意又出现了ago这个时间状语
出现这个时间状语
句子一般都是要用过去时的
它是过去时的一个标志用语
kings planned strong tombs
for themselves
在这个句子里
plan这个动词我们用了过去式
但是大家注意
plan在变成过去式的时候
一定要双写n再加ed构成planned
So planned strong tombs
for themselves
Now we called it Pyramid
现在我们叫这个金字塔
好 下面我们再来看下边的一个
一般过去时的用法
一般过去时有两个比较特殊的结构
一个叫used to do
另外还有一个语句类似的是would do
这两个结构
都可以来表示过去常常做某事
但是这两个动作是有一些区别的
大家注意used to do
表示过去常常做的动作
现在已经不做了
但是would这个结构呢
它是would do它表示过去常常做
现在还有没有经常做
我们是不知道的
另外我们说would do经常跟动作词
而used to do既可以是动作
也可以表示状态
我们可以看几个例句
the first one
He would sit under the tree
for hours in the afternoon
他过去常常在下午的时候
几个小时几个小时的坐在树下
在这个句子当中
He would sit under the tree
表示过去常常做某事
好 我们再来看第二个句子
He used to be a teacher
but now he is a salesman
他过去曾经做过老师
但是他现在是个销售员
请大家特别注意这个句子
是一个一般过去时
和一个一般现在时
并列的一个句子
过去常常做某事
我们用了一个used to be这个结构
表示一个状态
在这个时候
如果used to后面跟的这个动作
表示的是一个状态
我们是不可以用would连接的
只可以用used to do
所以我们一定要说
He used to be a teacher
所以大家见不到would be这个结构
表示过去常常做某事
而只可能见到used to be这个结构
表示过去常常做某事
所以我们要说
He used to be a teacher but now
但是现在他已经不再是老师了
Now he is a salesman
现在他是一个推销员
OK let's move on
下面我们说一下一般过去时
在句子当中常见的一些标志性用语
主要是一些
表示一般过去时的时间状语
一般过去时
往往和明确的时间状语连用
这样的时间状语主要有时间ago
接下来有yesterday last night
two days two months
two weeks two years ago
or in 2001 in 2000
这样一个表示明确的
过去的时间状语
另外它也可以跟before
加一个时间连用
比如说before the war
before 2008 等等
还有at that time
at that time
句子也经常用一般过去时
另外在when 或者是if
引导的状语从句当中
句子也可以用一般过去时
我们可以看几个例句
Did you play volleyball yesterday
你昨天打排球了吗
Did you play volleyball yesterday
在这个句子当中
出现了明确的时间状语
yesterday 昨天
所以句子一定要用过去时
did you 构成句子的疑问句形式
好 我们再来看第二个句子
When my father was a child
he worked 10 hours in a factory
当我的爸爸还是个孩子的时候
他在工厂里面工作10个小时
在这个句子当中
是一个when引导的时间状语从句
主句和从句
经常要保持时态的一致
所以从句用了一般过去时
我们说主句同样也要用一般过去时
所以请大家看这个句子说
When my father was a child
当我的爸爸还是个孩子的时候
be动词用了过去式was
主句用了他工作
这个work也用了一般过去式
He worked 10 hours in a factory
OK Then we move on
to the next one
一般过去时同时也可以用
today this week this month 等
时间状语连用
它表示已经发生过的
或者是刚刚发生过的事情
我们看这两个例句
I saw him today
今天我们见过了他
这个句子我们用的是一般过去时
表示我在今天刚刚见过他
或者是我今天已经见过了他
这样一个已经过去的时间
我们就用I saw him today
好 我们再来看第二个句子
He came late
three times this week
这周他迟到了三次
我们在说这句话的时候
有可能是在Friday周五
也有可能是Saturday在周六
or Sunday周日
所以在一周的周末我们做一个总结
说这一周他一共迟到了三次
我们可以说
He came late
three times this week
所以这个句子里面的come
用了它的过去式形式came
好 今天关于一般过去时的讲解
向下滚动第一篇:过去式的句子复习
一般过去时
Ⅰ、一般过去时表示的意思
? He lived here ten years ago.
? I stayed at her home last night.
? It was very hot yesterday.
1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
He was here yesterday. I got up at six thirty yesterday morning.
My father was at work yesterday afternoon.
Did you have a good time last summer? 2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。My father often went to work by bus last year.
When I was a child, I often listened to music.
Ⅱ、一般过去时的时间短语 ? 常见的表示过去时间概念的短语：
last night, yesterday, last year,
… ago, just now, in 过去年份 等
? 这些短语的位置：句首 、 句末
e.g. We cleaned the classroom this morning.
This morning we cleaned the classroom.
常用时间 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有：
yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…) last night (week, month, year…) two days ago, a week ago, in 1990, (in 1998…) three years ago…
Ⅲ、动词过去式的变化（规则动词）
? 一般在词尾加 ed
ask → help → helped e.g. They asked me the time just now.
? 以 e 结尾直接加 d
arrive → arrived e.g. I arrived late this morning.
动词过去式的变化（规则动词） ? 以重读闭音节结尾的，则双写
plan → planned
e.g. We planned to go to the party.
? 以辅音字母 y 结尾，去 y 变 i 加 ed。
如 try → study → studied e.g. He tried to climb the tree, but he could not.
规则动词词-ed的读音
清念 /t/ ,元浊/d/ ; /t/ /d/ 之后念/id/
1、清念 /t/ ，即 ed 在清辅音后面念 /t/ ,例：finished helped passed cooked
2、元浊 /d/ ,即 ed 在元音，浊辅音后面念 /d/ ,
例：borrowed enjoyed called moved shouted counted
3、/t/ /d/ 之后念 /id/ , 即 ed 在 /t/ /d/ 音后面念 /id/
例：wanted needed
规则动词过去式词尾-ed的读音
读音规则 读 音 例 词
在浊辅音和元音后面
moved /mu:vd/
在浊辅音和元音后面
passed /pa:st/
在清辅音后面
needed /’ni:did/
动词过去式的变化（规则动词）
? 练习： 规则动词的过去式的变化方式
Group work Write down the past form of these words.
(1) watch- watched (2) visit- visited (3)play- played (4) live- lived (7) study- studied (10)stop- stopped (5) move- moved (6)decidedecided (8)copy- copied (9)cry- cried (11)plan- planned (12)dropdropped
Ⅳ、动词过去式的变化（不规则动词） 例：
go → went
drink → drank
eat → ate
see → saw
? 练习： 不规则动词的过去式的变化
动词过去式的变化（不规则动词）
e.g. I went to his birthday party last night. I met my teacher in the street today.
写出下列动词的过去式
get is live sent drive run ask push say hurry got was lived sent drove ran asked pushed Said hurried
try use work stop jump meet read see travel carry
tried used worked stopped jumped met read saw travelled carried
The past forms: had have ate eat saw see bought buy brought bring won win swam swim hung hang rode ride read read
不规则动词表 spend go am/ is are begin meet write spent went was were leave take catch left took caught came did swam drank drove ate got
do swim drink drive eat get
wrote built bought
could had have/has
一般过去时态常用的时间状语
一般来说，一般过去时都有明显的时间状语，它们可以是单词，也 可以是短语或从句。1.yesterday 或 以 其 构 成 的 短 语 ： yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等； 2. 由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等； 3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等； 4. 由 “ 介 词 + 一 时 间 名 词 ” 构 成 的 短 语 ： on Friday, on Monday morning, on April 15, on the night of Oct. 1; 5.频度副词：often, always 等； 6. 其它：then, just now, once,以及由after或before构成的介词短语等 7. 由某些表示过去时态的从句等。
Ⅴ、一般过去时的否定句、疑问句 ? 否定句：
did not (didn't) ……
（后面动词要变回原形）
? 疑问句：
Did you … … ?
（后面动词变原形）
一般过去时的否定句、疑问句
e.g. I stayed at her home last night. → I didn't stay at her home last night.
→ Did you stay at her home last night?
Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
They cleaned the room this morning. → They didn't clean the room this morning.
→ Did they clean the room this morning?
一般过去时的否定句、疑问句 另注意以下这几种句子的否定句、疑问句：
1、Be 动词的句子 (过去式was/were） （例句）
He was at home yesterday.
→ He was not at home yesterday. (wasn’t)
→ Was he at home yesterday?
一般过去时的否定句、疑问句 另注意以下这几种句子的否定句、疑问句：
1、Be 动词的句子 (过去式was/were） （例句）
They were at home yesterday.
→ They were not at home yesterday. (weren't)
→ Were they at home yesterday?
一般过去时的否定句、疑问句 另注意以下这几种句子的否定句、疑问句：
2、情态动词can的句子 (can的过去式是could) （例句）
She could come to the party
→ She couldn't come to the party.
→ Could she come to the party?
一般过去时的否定句、疑问句 另注意以下这几种句子的否定句、疑问句：
3、have 的句子 (过去式had) （例句）
表示 “拥有” 时：
He had got a car two years ago.
→ He hadn’t got a car two years ago.
→ Had he got a car two years ago?
一般过去时的否定句、疑问句 另注意以下这几种句子的否定句、疑问句：
3、have 的句子 (过去式had) （例句）
They had a good time last night. → They didn’t have a good time last night. → Did they have a good time last night?
改写句子： 1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） didn’t do Lucy _______ _______ her homework at home. 2、He found some meat in the fridge.（变一般疑问句) Did find any ______ he _____ ______ meat in the fridge? 3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问） How long did stay ______ ______ _____ she _____ there?
4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句) Was any _____ there _____ orange in the cup?
That’s great√
请将下列各句改成过去式
John has a lot of homework everyday． John had a lot of homework everyday? I go to bed at ten-thirty． I went to bed at ten-thirty. How is the weather today？ How was the weather yesterday?
quickly是quick的副词。
形容词和副词可以互相转换。一般在形容词后加ly
easyeasily
usual- usually happy- happily realreally
How was your school trip?
What do you usually do for your vacation?
---Where did you go last weekend? ---I went to …. ---How was your trip?
---It was interesting / …
every day ? yesterday
? I get home at 5:00 every day. ?I got home at 5:00 yesterday. ? Jack sees a film every day. ? Jack saw a film yesterday. ? She buys lunch in the cafeteria every day. ? She bought lunch in the cafeteria yesterday. ? I eat vegetables every day. ? I ate vegetables yesterday.
My National Day vacation activities
cleaned the room went shopping
Oct 1st,2006 read a book Oct 5th,2006 Oct 2nd,2006
went to the library cooked dinner Oct 6th,2006
Oct 4th,2006
What did you do on vacation?
watched TV played soccer
listened to music
surfed the Internet cleaned the room went swimming
What did you do on your school trip?
went to the had some ice cream beach
saw the seals
went fishing
went to the aquarium
went skateboarding
took photos
hung out with friends
What did he do on his school trip?
Did he go fishing?
hang out with his friends? have / eat ice cream? buy a souvenir?
No, he didn’t. He went to zoo and saw the seals.
Pairwork Did you …?
Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. I…
went/go to the beach
had/have some ice cream
saw/see to the beach
went/go fishing
went/go to the aquarium
went/go skateboarding
took/take photos
hung/hang out with friends
I am a reporter from CCTV-9 Now I am going to interview… How was your last trip? Did you go… ? / Where did you go? Were there …?
What did you do there?
Did you see…there? Did you buy a souvenir?
一般过去时态（The Simple Past Tense)
1.定义： 一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存 在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用；也表示过去 经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的时间状语连用。2.时间状语： yesterday last night in 1990 two days ago 等 3.频度副词： often always 等 4.例句： I got up at 7:00 yesterday. My father was at work yesterday afternoon. He always went to work by bus last year.
巧记动词过去时态
动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事； be用was或用were, have,has变had； 谓语动词过去式，过去时间坐标志； 一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didn’t添； 疑问句也不难，did放在主语前； 如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原； 动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。
一般过去时态句式的构成
动词 be 肯定式 否 定 式 I was …. I was not(wasn’t)…. He /She/it was…. He/She/It was not(wasn’t)…. We/You/They were …. We/You/They were not (weren’t)… I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They did not(didn’t) work. There was not (wasn’t) …. There were not (weren’t)….
I/You/He/She/It/We/ work You/They worked. There was …. there There were…. be
一般过去时态句式的构成
动词 第一人称
Was I …? Yes, you were. No, you were not. be Were we…? Yes,we/you were. No,we/you were not. Did I work? Yes,you did. No,you did not. work Did we work? Yes,we/you did. No,we/you did not. Was there a/ any…? there Yes,there was. be No,there was not.
疑问句式和简略答语 第二人称 第三人称
Were you…? Was he/she/it…? Yes,I was. Yes,he/she/it was. No,I was not. No,he/she/it was not. Were you…? Were they…? Yes,we were. Yes,they were. No,we were not. No,they were not. Did you work? Did he/she/it work? Yes,I did. Yes,he/she/it did. No, I did not. No,he/she/it did not. Did you work? Did they work? Yes,we did. Yes,they did. No,we did not. No,they did not. Were there any…? Yes,there were. No,there were not.
一般过去时态练习
单击图标进入相应练习
动词过去式转换练习 一般过去时态练习 时态转换练习
动词过去式转换练习
将下列动词变为过去式
1. look 4. carry 7. call 10.are 13.do 16.say 19.eat 2. live 5. hope 8. finish 11.go 14.get 17.see 20.take 3. stop 6. trip 9. want 12.e 18.put 21.read
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动词过去式转换练习
1. look 4. carry 7. call 10.are 13.do 16.say 19.eat looked carried called were did said ate 2. live 5. hope 8. finish 11.go 14.get 17.see 20.take
3. stop stopped 6. trip tripped 9. want wanted 12.have e came 18.put put 21.read read
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lived hoped finished went got saw took
一般过去时态练习
用动词的过去式填空
1._____ you ____________(remember) to buy the oranges? 2.Who __________(invent) the computer.
3.We ______(go) to the cinema last night. The film______(be)
very good.
4.What time _____you ______(get) to school this morning?
5.Jim ___(do) a lot yesterday. He______(go) shopping
and______(cook)
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一般过去时态练习
用动词的过去式填空
1. Did you remembered (remember) to buy the oranges?
2.Who invented (invent) the computer.
3.We went (go) to the cinema last night. The film was (be)
very good.
4.What time did you
got (get) to school this morning?
5.Jim did (do) a lot yesterday. He went (go) shopping
and cooked (cook) supper.
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一般过去时态练习
把下列句子改成相应时态
1. He usually gets up early in the morning. But______________________late today. 2. She usually works from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. But yesterday __________________________ 3. _____________________ on Sundays. They went to the park last Monday. 4. _____________________at breakfast. But yesterday he didn’t read the newspaper.
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一般过去时态练习
把下列句子改成相应时态
1. He usually gets up early in the morning. But he got up late today. 2. She usually works from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. But yesterday she worked from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. 3. They often go to the park on Sundays. They went to the park last Monday. 4. He reads the newspaper at breakfast. But yesterday he didn’t read the newspaper.
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一般过去式 The past Indefinite tense
1.概念 : 概念: 概念
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性,经常性的动作,行为;
2.时间状语 : 时间状语: 时间状语
ago two hours ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(y ( ear, night, month…), 具体时间, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), etc. 3.动词 变化规则 : 动词 规则变化: 直接加 ed, work-- worked , 以 e 结尾的单词,直接加 d, make~made 不规则变化: have/has -- had,eat--ate ,see--saw
4.基本结构 : 基本结构: 基本结构
主语+was/were+其他
5.否定形式 : 否定形式: 否定形式
was/were+在行为动词前加 didn't,同时还原行为动词.
6.一般疑问句 : 一般疑问句: 一般疑问句
Was/Were+主语+其他?
7.例句 : 例句: 例句
She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.
8.一般过去式的构成形式 : 一般过去式的构成形式: 一般过去式的构成形式
肯定式 I worked He(she,it) worked
疑问式 Did I work? Did he(she,it) wo rk? Did we work? Did you work? Did they work?
否定式 I did not work He (she,it)did not work We did not work You did not work They did not wor k
疑问否定式 Did I not work? Did he(she,it)not wor k? Did we not work? Did you not work? Did they not work?
We worked You worked They worked
一般过去时表示 (1)过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作.一般过去时不强 调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去. 句式:主语+过去动词+其他 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话. (1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了. (2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last wee k, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, whe n 等等. 补充内容:(句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是 否对现在有影响. Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?) Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了.(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了.) When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何 时.) I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的. ) Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作. I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时. I ate it at 6:45.我在六点四十五分吃了. 一般过去时的基本用法 1 带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时
如: yesterday (昨天) two days ago… , (两天前…… ) last year… , (去年…) , the other day(前几天),once upon a time(很久以前), just now(刚才), in the old days(过去的日子里),before liberation(解放前…), When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…),at+一个时间点 Did you have a party the other day? 前几天,你们开了晚会了吗? Lei Feng was a good soldier. 雷锋是个好战士. 注意 在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时. 2 表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时 这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示. The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and the n died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了. 3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作 常与 always,never 等连用. Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞. (只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞.) 比较 Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞. (说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞) Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太 总是带着一把伞.(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦) I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒. (不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒) 4 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做 了) He used to drink. 他过去喝酒. (意味着他现在不喝酒了.喝酒这个动作终止了) I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步. (意味着现在不在早晨散步了) 比较: I took a walk in the morning.
我曾经在早晨散过步. (只是说明过去这一动作) 5 有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作 或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意! I didn''t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎. (因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了.这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用 过去时表示.实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.) I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢. (这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了.但是现在我知道你没病) 辨别正误 Li Ming studied English this morning. (把此句变为一般疑问句) (×)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning? (动词应该用原形) (×) 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning? (时态应该用原句子的时态) (×) 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning? (应该用一般动词,而不是 be 动词) (О) 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning? 一过:在过去发生的动作. 主动: 肯定① be 分为 was,were ② v+ed 否定① was/were not ② didn't+v 疑问① was/were+ 主 ② did+主+V 时状: 1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening) 2. the day before yesterday 3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,centeury 世纪) 4. ago 5.in 1980 (过去年份) 6.this morning/afternoon/evening 7.when 引导的状语从句 (过去) 8.in the past 9.just now 10.the other day -- a few days ago 11.at the age of 10 (过去年龄段)
12.in the old days ......(未完待续) 动词过去式规则变化 1 直接加 ed eg:work worked worked 2 以不发音的 e 结尾的,+d eg:live lived lived 3 以辅音字母+y 结尾的,变 y 为 i 加 ed eg:study stuied stuied 4 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed eg: stop stopped stopped 不规则变化 例如相等 eg:cut cut read read&注:read 和 read 读音不同!& sit sat ―――――――――――――――――――――――――― 句型结构 1.一般句子 I watched TV last night. 2.一般疑问句 Did you watch TV last night? 3.there be 句型 There was an apple on the table last night. Was there an apple on the table last night? 一般过去时口诀 一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作,状态记心间. 动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站. 否定句很简单,didn't 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变. 一般疑问句也好变,did 放在句子前,主语,动词原形,其它部分依次站. 特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间. 最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记.
过去完成时
过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的 动作. 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在&过去的过去&. 基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done) 基本结构 ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他. ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他. ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had. 否定回答:No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)? [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段
( 1) 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于 ) 过去的动作.即&过去的过去&.可以用 by, before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来 表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示.
例如: By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spa
到昨晚 9 点钟,我们已经收到 200 张飞船发来的图片.
( 2) 表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常 ) 和 for, since 构成的时间状语连用.
例如: I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally ca
当车来的时候,我在车站已等了 20 分钟.
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从 1949 年以来他就在那家工厂工作.
( 3) 叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述 ) 以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时.
例如: Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了.他以前是我的好友.
I didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课.
( 4) 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作 ) 常用过去完成时.
例如: I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书.
She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了.
过去完成时常常用在 told,said,knew,heard,thought 等动词后的宾语从句 (或 ( 5) ) 间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前.
例如: He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她.
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了.
(6) 状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时; 发生在后,用一般过去时. 如 when,before,after,as soon as,till/until 引导的
例如: When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了.
She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉.
注意 : 如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含 befor e 和 after 的复合句中,因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非 常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时.
例如: After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his En
马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平.
( 7) 动词 think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend 等用过去完成时来表示过去 ) 未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等.
例如: They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里.
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .
我们本来希望能来看看你.
( 8) 过去完成时还可用在 hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the f ) irst (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中.
例如: Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted hi
他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他.
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了.
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了.
时间状语 before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段
过去完成时-语法判定 过去完成时 语法判定
1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语.与过去完成时连用的时间状语有: ( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点.如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点.如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last ter m. ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点.如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由 &过去的过去 来判定 . 过去的过去&来判定 过去的过去 来判定. 过去完成时表示&过去的过去&,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作, 即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时.这种用法常出 现在: ( 1 )宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过 去完成时.在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句.如: She said that she had seen the film before. ( 2 )状语从句中 在时间,条件,原因,方式等状语从句中,主,从句的动作发生有先后关系,动 作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时.如: After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表 达了动作的先后关系,若主,从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主,从句都用一般过去时. 如: After he closed the door, he left the classroom. (3)表示意向的动词,如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppos e 等,用过去完成时表示&原本…,未能…& We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上 , 下文来判定 . I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other sin ce he went to Beijing. [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段
过去完成时-语法区别 过去完成时 语法区别
过去完成时与现在完成时 现在完成时的区别 一 , 过去完成时与 现在完成时 的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的 结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为&助动词 have (has) + 过去分词&;过去 完成时则是一个相对的时态,已过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去, 更强调&过去的过去&,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它. 比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词. I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词. ― I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了.
― Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了 几分钟.(&等&的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在) 二 , 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几 点: 1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调&过去的过去&;而一般过去时只强调 过去某一特定的时间. 比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据 上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时. She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只 需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引 导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替 过去完成时. He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper
现在完成时
现在完成时(Present perfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去 某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态. 目录[隐藏] 句型 过去分词 用法 一般过去时和现在完成时 现在完成时与现在完成进行时
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基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+have/has+时间状语+过去分词+其他. ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其 他)? 定义:在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作,但是结果对现在有影响. [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段
1 ,规则动词 规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则 规则动词 相同.四点变化规则: (1),一般动词,在词尾直接加& ed . & work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2),以& e &结尾的动词,只在词尾加& d & .
live---lived---lived , (3),以&辅音字母 + y &结尾的动词,将 &y& 变为 &i& ,再加& ed & . study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4),重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加& ed . &
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 ,不规则动词 不规则动词: 不规则动词 AAA 型 原型 过去式 过去分词 burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread let let let AAB 型 beat beat beaten ABA 型 become became become run ran run come came come 特殊情况 read read read read 原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ ABB 型 bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought
find found found hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won won ABC 型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung
sink sank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段
(1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和 现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行 为动词表示)或状态(be 动词表示)常与 for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时 的句子)连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来) ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句(过去时) ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. ●注:瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与 for since 连用.要改变动 词 come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out finish----be over open----be open die----be dead ……………… ★1.have 代替 buy My brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2,用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3,用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4,用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
★5,用 wear 代替 put on b)用&be+形容词&代终止性动词 1,be+married 代 marry 2,be+ill 代 fall (get) ill 3,be+dead 代 die 4,be+asleep 代 fall (get) asleep 5,be+awake 代 wake/wake up 6,be+gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7,be+open 代 open 8,be closed 代 close/shut 9,be+missing(gone,lost)代 lose c)用&be+副词&代终止性动词 1&be+on&代 start,begin 2&be+up&代 get up 3&be+back(to)&代 return to,come back to,go back to 4&be here (there)&代 come(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) th ere 等等 d)用&be+介词短语&代终止性动词 1.&be in/at +地点&代替 go to /come to 2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3.&be in/at +地点&代替 move to 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表: 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. →have been in sw./at…相应的介词 2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back 3. have come/gone out →have been out 4. have become → have been 5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open 6. have got up → 7. have died → 8. have left sw. → have been away from sw. 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → 10. have finished/ended/completed → 11. havemarried → 12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ; 13. have begun → have been on 14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had 15. have lost → haven't had 16. have put on →have worn 17. have caught /get a cold → 18. have got to know → have known 19. have/has gone to → have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army →have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party's member/ the league member/the soldier… 注意: 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语) 如 yesterday(morning,afternoon),last(morning,afternoon)等,除非与 for,sinc e 连用. 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 ,如 already(肯定), yet(否定,疑问), just, before, recently,still, lately 等:
He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如 often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion 等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如 now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/mon th/year, just, today, up to present, so far 等: Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have b een enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动 作. We have had four texts this semester. 6.现在完成时的&完成用法& 现在完成时的&完成用法&指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对 现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系. 例如:He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了.(动作结束于过去,但说明 的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了.) 现在完成时&完成用法&的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过 去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently 等),频度时间状语(如:never,ev
er,once 等),包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year..., today 等)连用. 例如: Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗? 7.现在完成时的&未完成用法& 现在完成时的&未完成用法&指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在, 或可能还要继续下去. 例如: He has lived here since 1978.自从 1978 年以来, 他一直住在这儿. (动 作起始于 1978 年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去.) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多 了.(动作开始于 5 年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去.) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由 since 或 for 引导), 或表示与现 在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等. 例如: have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何 I 消息. 注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词, 即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词.如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become, die 等. 8.一段时间+has passed+since 从句 9. 现在完成时常和短语 &up to now /till now&, &so far& (意思是从过去某一 确定的时间一直延续到现在.) Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书. I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次. 10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 gone:去了没回 been to :去过 been in:呆了很久 11.不能与 when 连用 [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段
一般过去时和现在完成时
( 1 ) ,一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是&助 动词 have/ has + 动词(V.)的过去分词& 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯 . 叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影 响,强调的是影响. (2) ,一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用.如: yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等;而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ev er ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时 间的状语连用. 试比较以下几组句子,有什么区别:
① A:Have you seen the film ? B:Did you see the film ? 分析:你看过这部电影吗?( A )句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解; B ) ( 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容. ② A:How has he done it ? B:How did he do it ? 分析:他是怎么做的这件事?( A )句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生 了某种影响; B )句单纯的询问做这件事的方式. ( ③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years . B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years . 分析:他在北京住了 8 年. A )句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年, ( 可能还会继续在北京住下去. B )句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年,现在已经不在北 ( 京了. (2)现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果,而一般过去时与现 在没有联系,只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去. 比:I have washed the car. 我洗过了车. (看上去很漂亮) I washed the car a moment ago. She has watered the flowers. She watered the flowers yesterday. 没有寄出. I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago. 那封信,3 天前寄出的. (3)现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去,而一般过去时 则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历. 比:It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了 5 个小时了. It rained for five hours yesterday. 昨天下了 5 个小时的雨. 他等她等了两个小时, He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了. He waited for her two hours and then went home. 然后就回家了. I have reviewed two lessons this morning. (说话时还在上午) I reviewed two lessons this morning. 下午或晚上) [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段 今天上午我复习了两课. (说话时已是 今天上午我已经复 习了两课. 我上周写的 我刚才洗过车了. 她昨天浇的花. 她已经浇了花. (不需要再浇了)
I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了, 但还
现在完成时与现在完成进行时
相同点 1. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现
在的动作.如: I have worked in this school since 2001. I have been working here since 2001. 2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一段时间内进行的动作.如: Mr. Smith has taught English for 20 years. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for 20 years. 以上句子用现在完成时与现在完成进行时,含义上没有什么差别,两种时态可以互 相换.但两种时态也存在有意义上和用法上的差别. 不同点 1. 从定义上来看,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与 already &已经&或 ever &曾经&连用,如: We have already learnt Module 3.我们已经学习了第三模块. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.她是我见过的最漂亮的女 孩. 而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,有可能还要 进行下去的动作,一般不与 already 或 ever 等连用,如: We have been learning Module 4. 我们一直在学习第四模块.(不一定学完) 注意下面这组句子含义上的区别: I have read the novel. 我看过那本书了. (已看完) I have been reading the novel. (一直在看,不一定看完) 2. 相对于现在完成时表示一次性,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复.如: I have met him at the library. (我在图书馆见过他.) I have been meeting him at the library. (我经常在图书馆看见他.) 3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含义上有区别. 现在完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程.如: ―You look so tired, what have you been doing 你看起来很累,做什么了 (强调动作) ―We are very tired. We've been cleaning the house. 我们很累,我们刚才 在打扫房子.(强调该动作所导致) ―We've cleaned the house. You may come in now. 我们打扫过房子了,你 可以进来了.(强调结果&房子干净&) 4. 现在完 成进行时 态不能用来谈某个动作 的具体次数或几件事情 .这时,我们要 用现在完成时态.如: I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.(×) I have drunk five cups of coffee this afternoon. 5. 现在完成时强调&事实&;而现在完成进行时则强调&动作&,并且常含有喜悦,愤怒, 不满,厌恶等感情色彩.如: The lazy boy has lain in bed for a whole day. 这个懒孩子在床上躺了一
天.(强调事实) The lazy boy has been lying in bed for a whole day. 这个懒孩子在床上 躺了一天了.(强调动作,含有对小男孩厌恶的感情色彩) 6. 如果没有时间状语,现在完成进行时有延续性,现在完成时没有.如: I've been cleaning the house but I still haven't finished. I've cleaned the house, but I still haven't finished.(×)
一般过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态.过去将 来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中. 1 过去将来时的构成(句型如下:) 肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形+其他 否定句:主语+be(w as,were)not going to+动词原形～. 疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形～? 肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形～. 否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形～. 疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形～? 过去将来时的构成 和一般将来时一样,只不过把助动词 be 变为过去式,把 will,shall 变为过去式. 例句:I didn't know if he would come. =I didn't know if he was going to come. 我不知道他是否会来. She was sixty-six. In three years,she would be sixty-nine. 她 66 岁了.三年后,她是 69 岁. She told us that she would not go with us,if it rained. 她告诉我们,如果下雨,她就不和我们一起去了. I didn't know how to do it. What would be their ideas? 我不知如何去做,他们会有什么想法呢? 2.过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作.此时,不管什么人称,一律用 w ould. This door wouldn't open. 这扇门老是打不开. Whenever he had time,he would do some reading. 他一有时间,总是看书. I would play with him when I was a child. 当我还是孩童时,总是和他一起玩.
一般过去将来时的基本用法: 一般过去将来时的基本用法 :
一般过去将来时表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态.一般过去 将来时常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态.如: You know I would come. 你知道我会来的. We never imagined that John would become a doctor. 我们从未想过约翰 会成为一个医生. 过去将来时有时可带时间状语.如: He said he would come back the next day. 他说他第二天回来.
将来完成时
将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作.经常与 b efore+将来时间或 by+将来时间连用, 也可与 before 或 by the time 引导的现在时的 从句连用. 1) 构成 (shall)will+have+动词过去分词 2) 概念 a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态. b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或一 获得的经验. They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 将来完成时的构成 将来完成时的构成是由&shall/will + have +过去分词&构成的. Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久他就会全然忘记这件事的. He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates. 他现在是一个有身份的人了,他可能不会记得老同学了. Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month? 到下个月你认识凯文该有 10 年了吧? 将来完成时的用法 ①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响. We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到这个学期末,我们将学完 12 个单元. By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to b ottom. 你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍. ②表示推测,相当于&must have done&结构. You will have heard of this, I guess.
我想你已经听说过这件事了. I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了这个信息 3.表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间 we will have been married a year on june 25th 到 6 月 25 日我们俩结婚就满 1 年了
过去进行时
表示过去某时正在进行的动作(不强调是否完成).(过去进行时具体用在什么 地方,看后面) [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段
过去进行时的主要用法
1.表示过去某一时间内(正在)进行的动作 如:I was doing my homework at 9 p.m. last Sunday. 2.表示一动作正在进行时,另一动作同时正在进行. (1)用 while 连接(while 只接 doing)(注:如果主句和从句都是一般过去时, 可以用 while 连接两个句子) 例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持续动 作时态一致) (2)when 表示(when 可以接 doing 或 did,when 后动作时间长,用 doing,时 间短,用 did) 例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(间接表达了具体 时间) 3.重复的动作 When he worked here, John was always making mistakes. 4.表示过去将要发生的动作 She told us Mr.Lee was arriving here. 5.用于故事,以提供其时间背景 6.表示礼貌 7 有时可强调过去某一动作延续时间较长 [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段
常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten las t evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段
(1) Mary _C_ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案 C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时.同 时,when 表时间的同时性, &玛丽在做衣服时&提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时. (2) As she _b__ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A. was falling B. fell C. was falling D.fell 答案 C. 句中的 as = when, while,意为&当……之时&.描述一件事发生的背景 时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生.句意为 &在她看报纸 时,奶奶睡着了.&句中的 fell (fall 的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall si ck. 过去进行时的基本用法:表示过去某个时刻或时间正在进行过持续进行的动作, 句中往往需要有时间状语来表示这一特定的时间. What were they doing just now? 他们刚才在干什么? [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段
一, 概念和用法:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生 的动作.其形式为 was /were + V-ing.常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last ni ght, last Saturday 等;或者与 when, while, as 引导的过去时间状语连用.例如: We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时 候我们在看电视. What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一 整天都在研究什么? 二, 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情.时间点可以用介词短 语,副词或从句来表示.如: What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was dec orating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间. (when 从句表示时间点) 三, 在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主 从句的动词都可用过去进行时.例如: While he was waiting for the bus, he w as reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报. (两个动作都是延续的) He was clean ing his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭.(两个动作同时进行) 四, 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:agree, is,am,are, believe, belo ng, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish 等.
例如: 误:I was knowing the answer. 正:I knew the answer. 我知道答 案. 误:I wasn't understanding him. 正:I didn't understand him. 我不明白他 的意思. [编辑本段 编辑本段] 编辑本段
肯定句=主语(I/he/she/they/we)+was/were+doing+其它 否定句=主语(I/he/she/they/we)+was/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语=Was/Were+主语(I/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它 答语:Yes, I was./No,I wasn't. 特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was/were+主语(I/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它 过去进行时 vs 一般过去时 都强调过去发生的事 进行时强调过程,不一定完成 过去时强调事件,一定完成 p,s 表示一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作发生了 如:He played when I was studying. 不用于进行时的动词 感官动词:hear,see,notice,feel,taste…… 表示态度感情的动词:like,love,hate…… 表心理状态:feel,want,prefer…… 表占有:own,have,…… 表存在状态和持续:look,owe,be…… when 和 while 的用法区别 两者的区别如下: ①when 是 at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间; while 是 during the time that,只指一段时间,因此 when 引导的时间状语从句 中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而 while 从句中的动词必须是延 续性动词. ②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生. ③由 when 引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如 果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用 while 引导,如:
a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为: While we were talking, the teacher came in. b They were singing while we were dancing.
将来进行时
概念:将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一 概念 时间开始,并继续下去的动作.常用来表示礼貌的询问,请求等. 句式:将来进行时由&动词 be 的将来时+现在分词&构成,具体形式见下表: 句式 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 I shall/will be leaving. We shall/will be leaving. 第二人称 You will be leaving. You will be leaving. 第三人称 He/She/It will be leaving. They will be leaving. (1)如: This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 下一天的这个时间,他们正坐在电影院. What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 明天晚上六点你将在干什么? He won't be coming to the party. 他将不去参加聚会了. I'll be meeting him tomorrow/next year/some time. 我明天/下一年/某个时间将去见他. 常用的时间状语 Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,in two days, to morrow evening By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach. 明天的这个时间,我将会躺在海滩上了. 将来进行时的基本用法:将来进行时表示在将来某一时间内正在进行的动作.将 将来进行时的基本用法 来进行时有很强的推测性,因此人们往往在以下几种场合中使用它: (1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,一般带状语.如: What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 星期一的这个时间你会干什么? When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他来我家时,我将会在写报告. (2)表示现在正在进行的动作,但这个动作会延续到将来.如: I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. (3)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测.如: Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay. After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. (4)表示委婉的请求 When shall we be meeting again. 到那时我们将会再见面的.
(5)表示原因 Please come tomorrow afternoon .Tomorrow morning,I'll be having a me eting. 你明天下午来吧,明天早上我将回参加一个会议., (6)表示结果 Stop the child or he will be falling over. (7)表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测) My duties will end in July , and I'll be returning to ShangHai. 六月份我的任务就结束了,我打算返回上海. 这里的进行时表示一种心情,一种轻松.慢慢体会.
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