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2011年英语三级语法时态辅导汇总
来源：考试大&&&&&【考试大：中国最优秀的考试信息平台】&&日
考试大三级站点提供英语三级语法时态辅导汇总，供参考学习。
第12页：虚拟语气和情态动词
　　虚拟语气和情态动词 　　一、虚拟语气 　　英语中有三种语气；陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。人们根据说话不同需要采用不同的语气。虚拟语气主要用来表示人的主观和假设的意图， 　　（一）重点 　　１虚拟语气三大公式 　　　　　　　　　 条件从句　　　 主句 　　与现在事实相反　 if+主语+were（v-ed） 主语+would（should，could，might）+do 　　〈动词过去式〉 　　与过去事实相反 If+主语+had done 主语+would（should，could，might）+have done 　　与将来事实相反 If+主语+should（were to） 主语+would（should，could，might）+do 　　+do 　　２动词wish后面的宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟结构； 　　与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 　　wish v-ed（动词过去式，be用were） had done 　　I wish I were handsome。 　　I wish you didn`t fall ill。 　　She wished she hadn`t said it。 　　３用于表示意愿、建议、命令等动词后的that宾语从句中； 　　suggest建议 demand要求 　　insist坚持 order命令 　　ask要求 command命令 　　desire渴望 propose提议 　　recomment推荐 advice劝告，忠告 　　decide决定 maintain坚持 　　object反对 prefer宁可 　　move建议，动议 urge强调 　　The doctor suggested that she not smoke。 　　She insists that she hear somebody in the room。 　　The law requires that everyone have his car cheched。 　　I desire she come tomorrow。 　　They moved that all civilians（should）be evacuated（撤出）。 　　４、在It is|was+某些形容词或过去分词+that引导的主语从句中常用虚拟语气。 　　Important重要的 natural自然的 　　Necessary需要的 orderde命令 　　Possible可能的 preferable更可靠的 　　Requested要求的 recommended推荐的 　　Better较好的 crucial关键的 　　Desired盼望的 imperative迫切的 　　Suggested建议性的 urgent紧迫的 　　Required要求的 vital至关重要的 　　It is necessary that you should be present at the discussion。 　　It was ordered that the medicines be sent here by plane。 　　It is imperative that you arrive in time。 　　It will be better that we meet some other time。 　　It has been decided that the meeting（should）be postponed。 　　It is insisted that he be punished。 　　上述形式同样也用于下面两类句型中，一般表示遗憾、惊讶之情； 　　（１It is pity（shame遗憾，incredible难以置信，strange，no wonder）that+should如； 　　It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcoming。 　　It is incredible that should love her。 　　（2）I am sorry（surprised，convinced）+should+do（have done） 　　 I am sorry that she should have made him angry。 　　５、下面一些名词后的同位语或表语从句中，要求用should（可省略）+动词原形表示虚拟。 　　Advice劝告，忠告 order命令 　　Demand要求 preference偏爱 　　Decision决定 proposal建议 　　Request要求 desire愿望，要求 　　Requirement要求 idea主意，想法 　　Suggestion建议 recommendation推荐，介绍 　　His suggestion is that you（should）attend the lecture。 　　His sole（唯一）requirement is that the system work（起作用） 　　Your decision that he should be fined （罚款）is reasonable。 　　６、虚拟语气的其他几个句型。 　　（１）It is（about，high）time+从句，表示早该做而未做的事，含建议的意味。其动词形式用过去式。 　　It is high time（that）we began to work。 　　咱们该开始工作了。 　　It is（ahout）time that children went to school。 　　 孩子们该上学去了。 　　（２）as if （though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句中的形式相同。如； 　　She loves the children in the kindergarden as if they were her children。 　　Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there。 　　She looked as if （though）she would cry。 　　注；as if（though）引起的从句有时也用陈述语气，这时它表示较大的真实性或可能性。 　　 It looks as if it is going to rain。 　　（３）虚拟语气用在“in case”，“lest”，“for fear that”引起的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”。其形式为should+动词原形。如； 　　He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain。 　　注；在以上in case类状语从句中的should一般不可省去。但可以用动词陈述语气形式。如；The teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him。 　　（４）if only连词后谓语动词用虚拟语气，意思为；“要是，倘若是，只要”着重强凋渴望或惋惜。 　　If only I had money，I would buy a new car。 　　If only I had not lost money。要是我没丢钱就好了。 　　If only he could come！我真希望他能来。 　　二虚拟语气的难点 　　 1、如果条件句中包含有 were，had，should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。如； 　　Were I you，I would not go。 　　Were I to meet him tomorrow，I should ask him about it。 　　Had he worked harder （=If he had worked harder ），he would have succeed。 　　Had he been more careful （=If he had been more careful），such mistakes could have been avoided。 　　Should you change your mind （=If you should change your mind），no one would blame you。 　　２某些介词短语可以代替if从句，如；but ror，without，under，in case of，but that… 　　But for the storm ，we should have arrived earlier。 　　Without water ，nothing could live。 　　We could have done better under more favourable conditions。 　　３、当条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。如。若条件从句表示动作与过去是相反，而主句与现在相反时，从句谓语要用had+过去分词，而主句中要用would（should，could，might）+动词原形，如； 　　 If I had asked for directions，I wouldn`t get lost now。假如我当初问一下路，现在就不会迷路了。（if说的过去，主句说的是现在） 　　三情态动词 　　（一）重点 　　情态动词的重点主要是can，could，may，might，must，have to，need，dare，should（ought to）。Shall，should，will，would…. 　　１、can和could 　　（１）表示能力或客观可能性。 　　Can you speak English？ 　　（２）在否定、疑问句中表示怀疑或推测。 　　 Can the news be true？ 　　What he said could not be true。 　　（３）表示允许或许可。 　　 These days children can do what they like。 　　You can recite the article now。 　　（４）can+have+过去分词；在疑问句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定。 　　 Can he have passed the exam？（怀疑） 　　（５）cannot（couldn`t）+have+过去分词；表示对过去事情的推测。 　　 They couldn`t have done such things。（推测）。 　　（６） could+have+过去分词；表示与事实相反。 　　 He could have done the jod，but he refused to。（未实现的行为） 　　注；could尽管是can的过去时，但有时并不表示过去时，只表示语气上的委婉、客气。如；Could I use your dictionary？ 　　如作肯定回答，要用can或nay，而不用could或might。 　　２、may和might 　　（１）表示请求和允许；May（Might）I…？ 　　 Might I make a suggestion？ 　　 You may use my bike。 　　（2）表示推测（可表示现在或将来的可能性）“可能“ 　　The story may be interesting。 　　Do you thing they might come？ 　　（２）may（might）+have+过去分词；表示对过去的推测，认为某一事情在过去“可能”发生。May和might都指过去，might较为含蓄委婉或更加不肯定。 　　 He may（might）have missed the plane。 　　He may（might）not have met them。 　　（３might+have+过去分词；表示未实现的行为。 　　You might have done the work better。 　　You might have left her earlier。 　　注；may的否定式为may not or mustn`t，后者语气比较强些。一般用mustn`t代替may not，意思为“不可以”，“不准”等。如； 　　 May I read the book？ 　　 Yes，you may 。No，you mustn`t。 　　３、shall和will 　　（１shall 　　A、shall用在主语是第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的允诺。如； 　　Shall I fetch a doctor for you？我为你请医生好吗？ 　　Shall he attend the meeting？要他来参加会吗？ 　　B、shall用在主语是第二人称或第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的允诺和警告。如： 　　You shall be sorry for what you have done。 　　He shall get what he wants。 　　（２）will 　　A、表示“意志”“意愿，如； 　　We will do our best to get the job done in time。 　　She can stay home if she will。 　　B、表示“请求”如”； 　　will you please be quiet？ 　　Don`t be late for the meeting，will you ？ 　　４dare 　　（１当情态动词用，只能用于疑问句和否定句中。 　　 He dare not it 。Dare he go？ 　　（２当实意动词用，可用于各种句型中。Dare作实义动词用在否定句和疑问句中时，其后接不定式有时可省去“to”如； 　　 Does he dare to come？ 　　She dares to speak before big audience。 　　I have never dared（to）speak to him。 　　Did he dare（to）criticize me？ 　　５、had better最好，would rather宁愿 　　否定式；had better not+动词原形；would rather not+动词原形 　　疑问式；Had you better….？ 　　 Would you rather…？ 　　I would rather go at once。 　　I would rather not do it。 　　You had better do it every day。 　　注；I`d=I would（should）或I had 　　You`d=you had或You would cannot help+动名词和cannot but +动词原形（都当“不得不”或“不禁”解）。 　　I cannot help telling him the truth。 　　She cannot but sing。 　　（二）难点 　　１、need有三种用法。 　　A、need相当普通动词=do，意为require“需要”，“要求”如； 　　You don`t need to leave so early。 　　He needs to try one more experiment。 　　Dose the recorder need repairing？ 　　B、need相当情态动词，只能用于否定句和疑问句中当“需要”“必要”解。可用于现在时和将来时。在宾语从句中可当过去时用，肯定回答用must（或have to，ought to，should）来表达。否定式为need not。Needn`T如； 　　Need you go yet？Yes ，I must。NO I needn`t。 　　C、needn`t+have+过去分词，表示本来不必做而实际已经做的行为。 　　You needn`t have told them that。 　　You needn`t have bought that dictionary。I have a spare one。 　　２、must也有三种用法。 　　A、must表示命令、强制。否定式mustn`t，将来式have to，过去式had to。如；Cars mustn`t be parked in front of this house。 I had to leave at 6 yeserday。 　　B、 must表示主观意志和个人决心，意为“应当”、“应该”否定式needn`t，将来式will have to，过去式had to，dian`t need to， did not have to。如； 　　Must I clean all the rooms？No，you needn`t（或No，you don`t have to）。 　　C、must表示推测，判断“必定”“一定”；must be 现在；must have done过去。 　　You have worked hard all day；you must be tired。 　　I didn`t hear the phone，I must have been asleep。 　　注；have to与must的区别；同义，但msut表示说话人的主观意志，have to却表示客观需要。 　　３、should+have done 表示过去应该做而没有做。 　　Should`t have done表示“本不应该做某事，而实际却做了”的意思。如； 　　The plant is dead。I should have watered it。 　　She shouldn`t Have let the baby play with the scissors。 　　４不同的情态动词家动词不定式的完成式可以表示不同的意思； 　　（１may（might）+have+过去分词；用于肯定句和否定句，表示多已经发生的事情的不肯定的推测，相当于“可能，大概”，其中might较may语气更弱，把握更小。 　　She might have gone to see her dorctor last week，but I am not sure。 　　Don`t worry ，your husband may not have been burt seriously。 　　别急，你丈夫也许伤得不厉害。 　　（２）can（could）+have+过去分词；用于过去的时间，说明谋事可能或不可能已发生。如； 　　I simply can`t undersant how he could have made such a mistake。 　　This letter can`t have been written by her 。She is only five。 　　“could+have+过去分词”有时可表示过去可以做谋事，但却未做。如； 　　He walked there， but he could have taken a taxi。 　　“couldn`t+have+过去分词”有时表示无论如何也不可能做到。 　　I couldn`t have called you。 I wasn`t hear a telephone。 　　（３needn`t+have+过去分词；表示不必做的事情却做了，可译为“其实不必” 　　You needn`t have woken him up。It`s only five。
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英语动词时态教案 正文
英语动词时态教案
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篇一：动词时态教案篇二：英语动词时态讲解教案 英语动词时态讲解（共5课时） 一：总述：动词的构成（5种）与时态（8种） 二：分述： 动词的构成 1. be 动词 1)
be动词的几种形式: am is are
was werebeing Been 2)与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用 1) I am a doctor. 2) He is ten. 3) They are tired. 4) The cat is under the table. 3) There be 句型 用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前 There is a pen on the desk. There is some water in the glass. 用于复数名词之前 There are some sheep in the hill. 用于一般将来时 There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday. 用于一般过去时 There was a book on the desk yesterday. 注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。 4)Be
动词在时态中的运用 在现在进行时中 We are talking. 在过去进行时中 We were talking at this time yesterday 2. 助动词 1)几种形式 1. do /don’t 2. Does/ doesn’t 3. Did/ didn’t 4. will /won’t 5. have haven’t /has hasn’t/had hadn’t 2)对句子进行否定和疑问 1) Do you get up early every day? 2) I didn’t have lunch yesterday. 3) Will you be back soon? 4) He hasn’t finished the work yet. 在反意疑问句中 5) He works in a school, doesn’t he? 6) She has never been there,has she? 在倒装句中 7) They helped the farmers , so did we. 8) I won’t visit the famous singer,neither will he. 3. 情态动词共同特点: 情态动词后面跟动词原型，无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词只有时态变化，没有人称变化。 解释: can / could
在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换， could比can语气更委婉。 Can I help you?
Could you open the window? 在表示有能力作某事时，could是can的过去式。 I can swim. I could swim at the age of five. Must /have toMust 表示主观意愿，否定句用Mustn’t，否定回答用needn’t I must go now. You mustn’t play in the street. Must I clean the room now?No,you needn’t. have to表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。 I don’t have to carry the big box.He had to wash his clothes. May表示请求别人允许。May I use your bike? 表示可能性。 He may be a teacher. He may live in this building. 4. 系动词 我们所学过的系动词是 1. Get，turn，be come，be动词 2. 感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel 系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构 3. I feel hungry. 4. The day gets longer and longer. 5. He looked happy. 5. 实义动词 实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。 实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。 做谓语动词的用法： 动词会有四种形式：单三，现在分词，过去式，过去分词 注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律 1) He works in the office. 2) We are dancing together. 3) I caught a cold last week. 4) She has watered the flower. 做非谓语动词的用法（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制） 动词会有三种形式： 1) 原型(do) 2) 动名词(doing) 3) 不定式(to do) 1）用原型：let sb.do
make sb.do
help sb.(to)do
had better do 2）用动名词：like doing enjoy doingfinish doing 介词之后用动名词 be good at doing what about doing
thank you for doing 3）用不定式：want to dodecide to doplan to dowould like to do learn to do tell sb.( not)to do
ask sb.(not) to do ? 注意下列词不同形式的不同用法: remember doing/to doforget doing/to do stop doing/to do
go on doing/to do 动词的时态 一．一般现在时 表示一般情况和经常发生的动作。 时间状语为 1. every day 或 every 引导的时间状语 2. often，always，usually 3. 动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加 “s” work -& works 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry -& carries 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”，如wash -& washes go -& goesdo -& does have -& has 4. 例句： He goes to school on foot every day. We often have supper at home. She doesn’t do her work every Sunday. 二．一般将来时 1.表示将来发生的动作。 2.时间状语： 5. next 引导的词组 6. tomorrow 引导的词组 7. the day after tomorrow 3.动词变化：will + 动词原型 4.例句 I will visit you(来自: 在 点 网:英语动词时态教案) tomorrow. He won’t come back next week. 三．一般过去时 1.指过去发生的动作或事情 2.时间状语： 动词变化：动词变成过去式，动词加“ed” Play -& played 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry -& carried 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ed
stop -& stopped 不规则动词见书后动词表 4.例句 1) He bought a book yesterday. 2) I watched a match last week. 3) He left here two days ago. 四．现在进行时： 1.表示正在发生的动作。 2.时间状语：now /Look… /Listen… 3.由be动词＋动词ing构成 4.动词变化加ing clean -& cleaning 3.1） 2） 3） 4） yesterday 引导的词组 ago 引导的词组 last 引导的词组 the day before yesterday以不发音“e”结尾的，去掉字母“e”，再加ing make -& making 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ing
swim -& swimming 5.例句 1) The boys are playing now. 2) Look! They are planting trees. 3) Listen! He is singing. 五．现在完成时 1. 动词变化 动词变成过去分词加ed
Play -& played 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry -& carried 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加edstop -& stopped 不规则动词见书后动词表 2. 动词由have（has）+ 过去分词 构成 表示动作已经完成He has left .I have already had a rest. 表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用法当中，动词要用延 续性动词，与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语连用） He has been away for two days. I have already taught in this school since 1990. The bird has been dead for a month. We have made lots of friends since we came here. 六．过去进行时 1. 指在过去的某一个时间正在发生的动作。 2. 时间状语 1) at this time yesterday 2) at five o’clock yesterday afternoon 3. 动词由be动词+动词ing形式构成 4. 例句：He was watching TV at this time yesterday.
七．过去将来时 1.
指对过去的某一个时间来讲，将要发生的动作。 2. 动词由would+动词原型构成。 3. 例句： He would go to the park the next day. He said he would work hard next term. 八．过去完成时 1. 指对过去的某一个时间来讲，已经发生的动作。 2. 动词由had+过去分词构成。 3. 例句： she had borrowed a book before she went to the park. We had learned many new words by the end of last term. 教后反思：篇三：动词时态教案 甸中中学创意教案
授课时间：年
第 周 星期
表示过去正在发生的动作 结构:be (was，were) + doing 标志语：at 8:00 yesterday 、when、 while、… Step7:一般将来时:
Future Simple 概念:
表示将要发生的动作 结构:will do、 shall do、 be (is、am、are) going to do标志语：tomorrow、in..、next… Step8:过去将来时: Past Future Simple概念:
表示过去将要发生的动作结构:would do be (was、were) going to do 标志语：常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中 5篇四：动词时态和语态 教案
动词时态和语态教案
徐红平 2012-9动词时态和语态 目标：1. 掌握英语的八种基本时态和几种常考时态 2. 了解并熟练掌握高考的几种热点时态 3. 区分并正确运用几种易混时态 一、英语的常见时态：练兵场 ―― 稳操胜券 1. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ______ off at 18∶20. A. takes
C. will be takenD. has taken 答案 A 解析: 飞机、火车等按时刻表运行，表达时用一般现在时表将来。 2. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She_before. A. hasn’t flownB. didn’t fly C. hadn’t flown
D. wasn’t flying 答案 C 解析: hadn’t flown动作发生在was nervous之前。 3. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He ______ there for a few months and then went to America. A. worked B. would workC. would be workingD. has been working 答案 A 解析: 考查一般过去时的基本用法。句中并列连词and连接两个发生在过去的顺承的动作，时态应该一致。 4. -- Your job ______ open for your return.-- Thanks. A. will be kept
B. will keep
C. had kept
D. had been kept 答案 A 解析: keep the job/the position open使、职位等处于空缺状态，由句意“随时欢迎你回来工作”可知用将来时。 5. -- ______ you ______ him around the museum yet? -- Yes. We had a great time there. A. H shownB. Do; show C. H shown D. D show 答案 A 解析: 此处表示说话者询问对方“有没有带领他参观博物馆”的结果，故用现在完成时。 6. -- I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening. -- Impossible. She ______ TV with me in my home then. A. watched
B. had watched
C. would watch D. was watching 答案 D 解析: 考查动词时态。句意为：“我昨晚8点钟在公园看见简和她男朋友了！”“不可能。她当时正在我家和我一起看电视。”此处时间状语为then，指的是at eight yesterday evening，指过去某一时间点正在进行的动作，故应用过去进行时态。 7. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold
C. were sold
D. would sell 答案 C 解析: 由“were so...”可知此处用一般过去时态；flowers应该是“被卖光”，故用被动形式。 8. -- What’s that noise? -- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______. A. was testedB. will be testedC. is being testedD. has been tested 答案 C 解析: 根据一对一的问答可知，“机器正在被检测”，故选C项。 9. In a room above the store，where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table. A. was to be heldB. has been heldC. will be heldD. is being held答案 A 解析: 考查动词的时态与语态。根据“some workers were busily setting the table”判断，聚会还没举行，应用将来时态，且整个句子用了过去时，故用过去将来时态。 10. -- I have got a headache. -- No wonder. You ______ in front of that computer too long. A. work
B. are workingC. have been working
D. worked 答案 C 解析: 考查动词的时态。由“I have got a headache”可知，空处应用现在完成进行时表示动作“从过去开始持续至今且还会进行下去”，体现过去开始的动作对现在的影响及结果。 二、热点时态: 一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去进行时 1. I ______ you not to move my dictionary--now I cannot find it. A. askedB. askC. was askingD. had asked 2. -- The window is dirty. -- I know. It ____ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned
B. didn’t clear
C. wasn’t cleaned
D. hasn’t been cleaned 3. She was surprised to f the child _____ everything! A. had been eatingB. had eatenC. have eatenD. have been eating 4. -- Has Sam finished his homework today? -- I have no idea. He ______ it this morning. A. did
B. has doneC. was doing D. had done 5. -- Have you decided already? -- Yes, I______ at once. -- Yes, I______ already. A. have decided B. decided C. will decide
D. had decided 三、易混时态辨析: 1.一般现在时和现在进行时 1). Listen to the two girls by the window. What language ____ they _______ (speak)? 2). I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. playedD. play一般现在时指经常性，习惯性的动作；而现在进行时则表示此刻或近一段时间正在进行的动作。 2. 一般过去时和过去进行时 1). He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. A. has finished B. has finished C. had finished
D. will finish 过去进行时表当时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。 2). As she _______ the newspaper, Granny _______ asleep. A. was falling B. fell C. was falling D. fell 长动作在进行时,被一个短动作打断,长动作用进行体,短动作用一般体。 一般过去时表示一个已经完成的动作或过去习惯性的动作，过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，具有持续和未完成的含义。 3. 一般过去时与现在完成时 1). I _______ (live) there for six years when I was a kid. 2). He ________ abroad for ten years and now he is used to the life in Beijing. A. has lived B. had lived
C. livedD. was living 3). When I was at college I _______ three foreign languages but I ________ all except a few words of each. A. had forgotten
B. have forgotten C. had forgotten D. have forgotten 二者所表示动作均发生在过去。一般过去时仅指动作在过去发生了，对现在没有影响；现在完成时的动作虽发生在过去，但影响到现在仍然存在。 四、 挑战高考 ―― 信心满满 1. Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your seat belts. The plane ______. A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off 答案 B 解析: 考查动词的时态。动词go，come，leave及词组take off等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 2. John，a friend of mine，who got married only last week，spent $ 3，000 more than he ______ for the wedding.篇五：动词时态[1]
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