with+宾语＋宾语补足语和独立主格结构有什么区别呢?
该结构和“及物动词（尤其是感官动词/使役动词）+宾语+宾语补足语”结构有着许多相似之处,但也有着较大的区别.\x0d其后面的宾补如果是动词,其形式选择如下判断：\x0d1）先看该动词所表动作有无发生,如果是未发生即将来的动作,则一律使用不定式的主动结构即：with+宾语+to do (sth)\x0d如：With much homework to do,I can't go out with you tonight.\x0dhomework虽然是被do,但该动作尚未发生,所以还是用to do,而不能用done或to be done.\x0d再如：With a local guide to lead the way,we'll be able to find the village easily.\x0da local guide和lead the way是主动关系,但是该动作也尚未发生,所以不能用leading the way.\x0d2）如果宾补动词所表示的动作已经发生,这时才要看宾语和宾补动词之间是主谓（主动）关系还是动宾（被动）关系（而不能完全看宾补动词是Vi还是Vt,因为有的动词既是Vi又是Vt）.\x0d诀窍：把宾语和宾补动词单独拉出来,造个主谓句子看看.\x0d如:An old woman was seated under a tall tree.\x0dHer hands were crossed.\x0d所以两个分别是seated和crossed.\x0d2.to do sth如果放后面,一般有三种解释.一是做后置定语,二是做结果状语,三是做目的状语.但是如果不定式短语前如果有逗号和主句分开的话,则一般只能组结果状语（出乎意料的结果）.\x0d此题用Ving,是因为这是一个伴随动作做伴随状语,也就是add这个动作是主语the general manager第一个动作expressed his satisfaction一起伴随着发出的,叫伴随状语.\x0d套用上述诀窍,造个独立句,即：\x0dThe general manager added that he wanted to strength th co-operation.\x0d当然这个动作是主语主动发出的 所以用现在分词adding.\x0d3.再讲一次那个诀窍,把宾语和宾补动词单独拉出来,造个主谓句看看：\x0dWater covers seventy percent of its surface.
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Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the braches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.
(A) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang
(B) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging
(C) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
(D) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
(E) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung
查了好多帖子啊，包括manhattan里ron大神的解释还是搞不清，越来越觉得E比D 更没有歧义一些啊。
求NN解释！
这里的with是个独立主格结构，with+n+doing， 那么做状语修饰V， 不就是修饰 visitor&&have seen吗？
whose 这个跳跃 一个介词短语 修饰mokey， OG里的题不就经常会有跳跃一个介词修饰之前的名词吗。
D,E 反正都有歧义，可是为啥D就比E 好？？？？？？？？？？？？
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kimwang53 发表于
/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=499613&highlight=跳跃修饰
另一个which that ...
语法这个东西我感觉是先繁后简，关键就看能不能抓住gmac的考核重心，要能抓住了，其实我们纠结的很多模棱两可的东西都不是问题。共同加油啊！
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本帖最后由 enkyklios 于
04:18 编辑
og27. Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen j and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.
(A)&&Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.
(B)& &Published in Harlem, two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, were the owner and editor of the Messenger.
(C)&&Published in Harlem, the Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen.
Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for
instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.A,Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for
instead, it isB,Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which isC,Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitu instead, it has becomeD,Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has becomeE,Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,答案为C。 B为啥不好?
(D)&&The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists. Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and published in Harlem.
(E)& &The owner and editor being two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, the Messenger was published in Harlem.
Choices A and B present dangling modifiers that illogically suggest that Owen and Randolph, rather than the Messenger, were published in Harlem. In D, the phrase and published in Harlem is too remote from the Messenger to modify it effectively. In E, being produces an awkward construction, and the placement of the main clause at the end of the sen-tence is confusing. Only in C, the best answer, is Published in Harlem followed immediately by the Messenger. Also, C makes it clear that the clause beginning who refers to Randolph.
AB里面不讨论逻辑主语的问题, 关于这个A and B , who的修饰问题.
首先大家看几个题:
128. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of pro-ducing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.
(A)&&requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties
(B)& &requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation
(C)&&requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties
(D)&&application of commercial fertilizer and irriga-tion that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties
(E)& &irrigation and application of commercial fertil-izer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties
正确答案是E, 这里很明显that were有强制指代前面的irrigation and application,而且也只有这样, 不然were说不通.
205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the a the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as &standing waves.&
(A)&&crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are
(B)&&crests and troughs that remain stationary although they are formed by rapidly moving air, are
(C)&&crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is
(D)&&stationary crests and troughs although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are
(E)& &stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is
答案是C,根据句意也可以判断出后置的定从指代前面crests and troughs 这个整体
现在问题出来了,为什么OG27可以说在不存在强制指代,也不是指代整体的情况下就说可以指代A of B中的A呢?
113. Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches. whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.
(A)&&saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang
(B)& &saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging
(C)&&saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
(D)&&seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
(E)& &seen monk eys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung
Choices A, B, and C use have ... saw where have ... seen is required. Choices A, B, and E awkwardly separate the relative clause beginning whose arms and legs ... from monkeys, the noun it modifies. Choices A and E also confusingly use the present tense hang and the present perfect have hung, neither verb conveys clearly that, at the time the monkeys were spotted sleeping, their arms and legs were hanging in the manner described. Choice D, the best answer, not only forms a correct and clear sentence by supplying the present perfect verb have ... seen, but also solves the problem of the whose ... clause by using the appropriately placed adverbial phrase with arms and legs hanging... to modify sleeping.
这个题目里面monkey和whoes中间有一个braches, 如果说可以跳越的话, 那为什么OG解释说错了?114. From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.
(A)&&baggage so light
(B)& &baggage being so light
(C)&&baggage, yet being so light
(D)&&baggage, and so light
(E)& &baggage yet was so light
红色的which在肯定是修饰canoe, 居然中间那些插入的名词全都不是歧义?!跳那么远?!
请教大家!!! 同时大家对于定从的指代有什么看法, 尤其是跳越的, 都一起发出来吧, 我们大家合力一个帖子解决掉!!
跳跃修饰也是个问题！应该有大牛专门开个专题
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但是就本题而言其实还是比较清楚的，E不是有歧义的问题，而是指代错误的问题。
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enkyklios 发表于
但是就本题而言其实还是比较清楚的，E不是有歧义的问题，而是指代错误的问题。 ...
什么指代错误啊？whose 指代branches？指代错误？可是为什么不能whose 跳过on the branches 直接修饰monkey呢？求解释
在线时间 小时
ada90 发表于
什么指代错误啊？whose 指代branches？指代错误？可是为什么不能whose 跳过on the branches 直接修饰monk ...
指代可以跳过介词，但貌似不能跳过动词吧，monkey后有sleeping~
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renita12 发表于
指代可以跳过介词，但貌似不能跳过动词吧，monkey后有sleeping~
原来是这样，是不是如果是 N+介词短语，which 这种跳跃指代就可以 但是N+其他修饰成分+介词短语，这种被修饰词离which 太远，所以容易出现指代错误问题...
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同问“跳跃修饰”
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ada90 发表于
原来是这样，是不是如果是 N+介词短语，which 这种跳跃指代就可以 但是N+其他修饰成分+介词短语，这种被 ...
对滴~一般只能跳过一个介词短语
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本帖最后由 enkyklios 于
15:23 编辑
这个不能按个数论，有的中间有很多介词短语，如果是副词结构的话有多少都可以跳跃。
在线时间 小时
enkyklios 发表于
这个不能按个数论，有的中间有很多介词短语，如果是副词结构的话有多少都可以跳跃。 ...
啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊，抓住NN，求详细说一下什么样的可以跳跃，什么样的不能跳跃。
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All Rights Reserved.with引导的独立主格结构
英语中，with引导的独立主格结构很富有表现力，在句子中作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等。它不是句子而是短语，其结构为：with＋名词／代词＋介词短语／
形容词 ／副词&/ 名词 ／ 非谓语动词。公式：with+宾语+宾补（with复合结构）
现将with引导的独立主格结构作一小结。
＋名词（代词）＋介词短语
He sat there thinking, with his chin on his
hand．他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
The old man stood there, with his back against the
wall．那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。
Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the
door．玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。2． with
＋名词（代词）＋形容词
He stared at his friend with his mouth wide
open．他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and
mystery．这人抬起头来，眼里充满了好奇。
He stood there trembling, with his face red with
cold．他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖，脸都冻红了。
＋名词（代词）＋副词
With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent
year．
产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。
The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing
on．这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。
The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head
down．
这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。
He put on his socks with the wrong side out．他把袜子穿反了。
＋名词（代词）＋名词
She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only
companion．
她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl．他去世的时候，女儿还是个中学生。
＋名词（代词）＋现在分词
She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing
beside her．
她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。
With you helping me whenever I’m in trouble, I feel very obliged to
you．
无论我什么时候遇到困难你总是帮助我，真是太感激你了。
＋名词（代词）＋过去分词
“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said． “We
came out of the toughest group, beat Argentina, beat Denmark in a
convincing way．”
“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”艾里克松说。“我们来自死亡之组，以一种令人信服的方式击败了阿根廷，击败了丹麦。”
The goalkeeper left Japan with his flaws laid bare．
这位守门员离开了日本，而他的缺点却暴露无遗。
＋名词（代词）＋不定式
With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．
还有十分钟，你最好快一点。
With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed．
有你领导我们，我们组肯定能成功。
1.独立主格转换成，当状语从句的与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留。如：After class was over (=Class being over /
Class over), the students soon left the
classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形：在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having
been）不能省略。
(1) 独立主格的是时。如：It being Sunday, we went to
church.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。
(2)在There
being+的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to
go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
3. 在“（或）+”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用和冠词。如： Miss Smith entered the
classroom,book in
hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered
the classroom,with a book in her hand.
4. 独立主格结构没有形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the
meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。(比较复合结构。)
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点，不代表新浪网的观点或立场。