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初中英语词汇知识点：动词不定式详解
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　　1. 聘it作形式定语
　　动词不定式作宾语且过长时常请it作形式宾语，而让真正的宾语——不定式断后。例如：
　　The man downstairs found it hard to fall asleep.
　　2. 小品词to 的回避与复出
　　许多动词如teach，ask （要；让），tell，beg 等后常有带to的动词不定式作宾补；但let，have，make （让；使），feel，hear 等后作宾补的不定式结构，to 要回避。但在被动语态里to须“重出江湖”；help 后作宾补的不定式可加to，也可省略to.例如：
　　The policeman made the young woman move her car.
　　The young woman was made to move her car by the policeman.
　　[提示] 对不定式进行否定可在其前加not.如：let sb not do sth； tell sb not to do sth. 把直接引语为祈使句的句子变为间接引语，直接引语一般转换成不定式作宾补。例如：
　　The policeman said. “Don’t play football in the street，children！”
　　The policeman asked the children not to play football in the street.
　　3. 回答原因，作目的状语
　　不定式（短语）常跟在come， go， run， hurry 等动词后作目的状语；或以“in order to +动词原形”、“so as to +动词原形”等形式出现，或回答what . . . for？ / why . . . ？问句。例如：
　　-Hi， Peter！ Why are you in such a hurry？
　　-To catch the 7：30 train.
　　[提示] 有时目的状语可置于句首，意为“为了……”，相当于in order to.例如：
　　To catch the bus， you must get up early.
　　在stop后的动词不定式其实是作目的状语，意为“停下来做另一件事”。例如：
　　Let’s stop to have a meal. I know a good restaurant near here.
　　4. 作状语，简化相应的复合句
　　作结果状语的不定式常以“enough to . . . ，only to . . . ， too . . . to . . . ”等形式出场，并能简化成so . . . that . . . 句式。例如：
　　Liu Mei was so lucky that she received many books from Project Hope.
　　Liu Mei was lucky enough to receive many books from Project Hope.
　　5. 作后置定语
　　作定语时，不定式（短语）常置于被修饰的名词、不定代词等之后。例如：
　　Now China is the third country to send its astronauts into space after Russia and the US.
　　[提示]如果不定式（短语）是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词/副词。例如：
　　I found a nice place for him to live in.
　　6. 不定式be to do sth可表将来
　　be to do sth 表将来，意为“将要做某事”。例如：
　　Our train is to leave at eight.
　　7. 时代弄潮儿——“疑问词+不定式”
　　“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词包括疑问代词which， who （m）， what 和疑问副词how， when， where 等，并常简化相应的从句，但当主句与从句的主语不一致时，不定式常用被动形式。例如：
　　The little girl wanted to know when her father could take her to Pairs.
　　The little girl wanted to know when to be taken to Pairs by her father.
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英语动词不定式解析.ppt10页
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动词不定式 制作：一只成精的包子 定义 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。 作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： 1 把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us an hour.
2 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后。如：①It＋be＋名词＋to do. It's our duty to take good care of the old. 作主语 ②It takes sb+some time+to do. How long did it take you to get there?
③It＋be＋形容词＋to do. It is difficult to finish the work. ④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do. It is nice of you to help me. ⑤It seems appears ＋形容词＋to do. It seemed impossible to save money. 作宾语 （1）部分动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。例句：The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 （2）动词+疑问词+ 不定式。例句：Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。I can't make up my mind which to buy.我拿不定主意买哪一种。 作宾语 （3）当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如：I find it difficult to learn English well.
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
作补语 （1） 动词+宾语+不定式 to do
例句：Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。He advised me to read this book.他建议我读这本书。 （2） to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。 例句：We consider Tom to be one of the best stude
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3秒自动关闭窗口英语动词不定式用法_常用语法
英语动词不定式用法
英语动词不定式用法不定式是历次大学考试必考的内容。不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。　　1）不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
　　【例如】
　　To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.
　　To do that implies taking responsibility.
　　当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
　　【例如】
　　It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
　　It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
　　a） It is＋形容词（easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...）＋（ for/of sb.）＋不定式
　　【例如】
　　It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.
　　It is hard to put my hopessintoswords.
　　It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
　　It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
　　b） It is＋名词（a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one's du?ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...）＋不定式
　　It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
　　It is a pity to have to go without her.
　　It is a glorious death to die for the people.
　　c） It takes （sb.） some time （hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...）＋不定式
　　It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
　　It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
　　2）不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
　　【例如】
　　The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exercise.
　　My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.
　　The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.
　　What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
　　3）不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：　　　　　afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, demand, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, hesitate, hate, intend, learn, like, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, threaten, want等。
　　【例如】
　　I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
　　My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor's degree.
　　The room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.
　　She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.
　　There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means（ ）trouble. （cet-4 1997, 1）
　　A） making
　　B） to make
　　C） to have made
　　D）shavingsmade
　　mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，应用一般式，因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
　　【例如】
　　We found it impossible to get everything ready in time. I think it important to learn English well in college.使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
　　4）“wh?word＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词（what, which, who, whom, whose）或疑问副词（where, when, how, why），以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。
　　常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：
　　know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, findout, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等。
　　【例如】
　　I couldn't decide which book to choose. I can tell youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year.“wh?word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。
　　【例如】
　　When to start the program remains undecided. The question is how to put the plansintospractice.
　　5）不定式作状语
　　a）不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，来强调这种目的。
　　【例如】
　　To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.
　　Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.We must develop science and technology at high speed so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.
　　Insgroupsto get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.
　　b）不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to, only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。
　　【例如】
　　I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to find the train already gone.
　　She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.No one is too old to learn.
　　Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?
　　c）不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to, be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
　　【例如】
　　Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.
　　It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
　　I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.
　　6）不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。
　　【例如】
　　because of the complexity of the modern equipments, most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
　　He asked you to call him at ten o'clock.
　　The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.
　　I'd never allow my children to behave like that.
　　当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive（感觉到）等动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to.
　　【例如】
　　Whenever something is wrong with you, please do let me know.
　　I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
　　I saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.
　　It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.
　　7）不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume, believe, know, report, say, suppose等。
　　【例如】
　　Mr. Brown is said to have left for Italy last week.（It is said that Mr. Brown left for Italy last week.）
　　Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through windows and commit murder in their sleep.
　　He is reported to have won the 100?meter running race in the Olympic games.
　　8）不定式作定语
　　a）不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
　　不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, tendency, time, way等。
　　【例如】
　　His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.I have no intention to go to the cinema with you.
　　There is no need to bother him with such trifles.
　　There is a tendency to writer quite long sentences in commercial correspondence.
　　The pressure（ ）causes Americans to be energetic, but it also put them under a constant emotional strain. （cet-4 1997,6）
　　A） to compete
　　B） competing
　　C） to be competed
　　D）shavingscompeted
　　pressure后面应接后置定语，表示竞争的压力。单个分词作定语一般置于名词前，故B和D可以排除。C为不定式的被动式，而竞争和压力之间没有被动关系，因此正确答案为A。
　　特别注意的是在不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时，要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不定式本身的要求。
　　【例如】
　　She is a very nice person to work with.
　　This is an important issue to talk about.
　　b）由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
　　【例如】
　　Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave.I don't think he is the best one to do the work.
　　9）不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would rather ...than（宁愿……也不）, had better...（最好），can't help but...（不得不）, had rather...（宁愿），cannot but...（不得不，必然），may/might as well...（不妨），let alone（更不用说）。
　　【例如】
　　You'd better return the books to the library on time. Otherwise, you will be fined.
　　I can't help but wish that nothing would go wrong.
　　They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.
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