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药理学微课程
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pharmacologypharmacology
pharmacology
(1) pharmacologydrugpharmacodynamicspharmacokinetics
(2) pharmacokineticsstructure activity relationship, SAR(dose-effect relationship)(therapeutic index, TI)(adverse drug reaction, ADR)
(3) pharmacokinetics(concentration-time curve, C-T)(compartment model)(bioavailability, F)(apparent volume of distribution, Vd)(clearance, CL)(first-order kinetics and zero-order kinetics)(biotransformation)(half-life, t1/2)
(1) (transmitter)(receptor)
(2) CNS (chlorpromazine)(morphine)(sodium phenytoin)(aspirin)(diazepam)
(calcium channel-blocking drugs)(agents used in cardiac arrhythmias)(drugs used in heart failure)(drugs used in angina pectoris)(antihypertensive agents)(diuretics)(drugs used in atherosclerosis)
(drugs acting on the blood and the blood-forming organs)(histamine receptor antagonists)
(glucocorticoids)(antithyroid drugs)(antidiabetic drugs)
(1) -(-lactams)(macrolides)(quinolones)(sulfonamides)(aminoglycosides)(tetracyclines)(chloramphenicol)(antituberculous drugs)
M N DA 5-HT GABAH1 H2 (agonist)(antagonist)
(calcium channel-blocking drugs)(antihypertensive agents)(drugs used in heart failure)(drugs used in angina pectoris)(agents used in cardiac arrhythmias)
(glucocorticoids)
-(-lactams)(quinolones)(aminoglycosides)(antituberculous drugs)
Katzung BG. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 7th edition. Stamford, Connecticut, USA: A Simon and Schuster Company, 1998.
Hardman JG, Limbird LE. Goodman Gilmans .The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Tenth edition, USA: McGraw-Hill Company,New York, 2001
&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&0.5
Chapter 1& Introduction to general pharmacology
&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 3.5
Chapter 2& Pharmacodynamics
&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 3.5
Chapter 3& Pharmacokinetics
&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0.5
Chapter 4& Factors that affect drug’s effectiveness
&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 5&& Introduction to autonomic pharmacology
&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2
&&& Chapter 6&& Parasympathomimetics
第七章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2
Chapter 7&& Cholinoceptor blocking drugs
第八章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2.5
Chapter 8& &Adrenoceptor agonists
第九章&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2.5
Chapter 9& &Adrenoceptor blockers
Chapter 10& Local anaesthetics
第十一章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2
Chapter 11& Adrenocortical hormones
第十二章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0.5
Chapter 12 Thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid drugs
第十三章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 13 Insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs
第十四章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Chapter 14 Sex hormones and contraceptives
第十五章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0.5
Chapter 15 Autocoids and anti-autocoid drugs
第十六章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0.5
Chapter 16& Introduction to drugs that act in the central nervous system
第十七章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1.5
Chapter 17& Sedatives and hypnotics
第十八章&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1
Chapter 18& Antiepileptic and anticonvulsant drugs
第十九章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 19& Antiparkinson’s disease drugs and drugs used for Alzheimer’s disease
第二十章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&1.5
Chapter 20 Drugs used for Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders
第二十一章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1.5
Chapter 21 Analgesics
第二十二章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 22& Antipyretic and Analgesic Drugs
第二十三章
第二十四章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1.5
Chapter24& Drugs acting on ion channels of cardiovascular system
第二十五章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2.5
Chapter 25& Antiarrhythmic Drugs
第二十六章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 26& Diuretics and Dehydrant agents
第二十七章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 3
Chapter 27& Drugs used in congestive heart failure)
第二十八章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 28& Drugs used in angina pectoris
第二十九章
第三十章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2
Chapter 30& Anti-hypertensive drugs
第三十一章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 31 Drugs acting on the blood and the blood –forming organs
第三十二章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 32& Agents Used in the Treatment of Asthma and Cough
第三十三章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 33&& Gastrointestinal Drugs
第三十四章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
第三十五章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 35& Antibacterial Agents General considerations
第三十六章-&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2
Chapter36& β-Lactam antibiotics
第三十七章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2
Chapter 37 Aminoglycosides antibiotics
第三十八章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0.5
Chapter 38& Erythromycin,Lincomycins,Polypeptides antibiotics
第三十九章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0.5
Chapter 39& Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol
第四十章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 40& Synthetic Antimicrobial Drugs
第四十一章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0.5
Chapter 41 Antifungal and Antiviral Agents
第四十二章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0.5
Chapter 42& Antituberculous and Antileprosy Drugs
第四十三章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 43& Antibacterial drugs Rational Application
第四十四章
第四十五章&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1
Chapter 45& Antineoplastic drugs
第四十六章
第四十七章
Master the definition of pharmacology, drug, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.
Know the task of pharmacology.
Understand the history of drug and pharmacology, development and research of new drugs.
(drugs)(poisons)
Pharmacology means the study of the rule and mechanism of mutual interaction between drug and body.
(pharmacodynamics)Pharmacodynamics describes the mechanism of actions of drug on body
(pharmacokinetics)Pharmacokinetics describes the process and rule of drug disposition, it means the action of body on drug, Including absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs.
master the basic concepts of drug action and pharmacological effect, basic types and selectivity of drug action.
Know the therapetic effect of drugs, including etiological treatment, symptomatic treatment and supplement therapy.
Master the basic concepts of adverse drug reaction, side effect, toxic effect, after effect, withdrawal reation and so on, know the allergic reaction and idiosyncrasy.
Know the dose-effect curve.& Master the quantal response and graded responseof drugs, the definition of efficacy, potency, ED50 (50% effective dose), LD50 (median lethal dose) and Therapeutic Index (TI) and safe range.
Master the concept and nature of receptor, the affinity and intrinsic activity of drug action. Know the receptor theory and reaction kinetics between drug and receptor.
pA2 Master the basic concepts of agonist, partial agonist, full agonist, antagonist, competitive antagonist, noncompetitive antagonist and pA2.
Understand the classification of receptor and intracellular signaling pathways.
drug action (pharmacological effect)
(excitation)(inhibition)
structure activity relationship, SAR
(selectivity)
(therapeutic effect) etiological treatment(symptomatic treatment) (supplementary therapy) (replacement therapy)
(adverse reactions, ADR) (side reaction)(toxic reaction)(acute toxication) chronic toxication (residual effect/ after effect)(withdrawal reaction) rebound reaction(allergic reaction hypersensitive reaction )
(idiosyncrasy)
(dose-effect relationship)(dose-effect curve)
graded response(dose-effect curve)
(, Cmin)(minimal effective dose)(maximum efficacy, Emax)(potency)
quantal response, all-or-non-response(dose-effect curve)
(median effective dose, ED50)concentration for 50% of maximum effect, EC50median lethal dose,LD50(therapeutic index, TI)
(receptor)
Occupation theory by Clark,1926
KDintrinsic activity
(full agonist)
(partial agonist, mixed agonist)
(antagonist)
(competitive antagonist)
pA2 (antagonism parameter)
noncompetitive antagonist
(the regulation of receptor)
(receptor desensitization) (receptor hypersitization)
(down-regulation) (up-regulation)
LD50/ ED50
Chapter 3 &Pharmacokinetics
know the style of drug transport across membranes
, Master the process of drug in vivo, including absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion. know the factors that affect drug’s effectiveness
()pH Master the concept of first pass elimination and the effects of pH on absorption and distribution of drugs.
-Master the drug elimination kinetics, concentration-time curve and drug concentration change in blood after repeated administration.
Master the concepts and pharmacological significance of pharmacokinetics parameters.& Understand the compartment model.
(noncarrier transport)passive transport(filtration)(simple diffusion)pKa(ion trapping)(carrier transport) (active transport) facilitated diffusion
(absorption)
(first pass elimination)
(distribution)
(drug-plasma protein binding) pH pH7.07.4How does the pH of body fluid & ionization of drugs affect the distribution of drug?(blood-brain-barrierplacental-barrierblood-eye-barrier)
(biotransformation) metabolism of drugs
(oxidation) (reduction) (hydrolysis)(conjugation)
(drug metabolizing enzymes)
(enzyme inducer)(enzyme inhibiter)
(excretion)
How does the pH of body fluid & ionization of drugs affect the excretion of drug? pH pH
(hepato-enteral circulation)
Compartment Model is used to quantitatively describe the regularity of the dynamic change of drugs in the body with mathematical formula.
1. (first-order kinetics)First order kinetics: Constant fraction of drug is absorbed or eliminated per unit time.
2. (zero-order kinetics)
Zero order kinetics: Same quantity of drug is absorbed or eliminated per unit time
area under curve
Steady state concentration (Css) is the drug concentration when the amount of drug input equals the amount of drug output (excreted). Css is generally reached after five half-life of the drug.
Pharmacokinetic parameters refer to the constants that reflect the regularity of dynamic change of drug in the body. The important parameters are t1/2, AUC, bioavailability, Vd, and CL.
half life ,t1/2 t1/2 Means the period of time when the drug concentration in plasma reduces to one-half. It indicates the rate of drug elimination in vivo.
clearanse,CL
(Apparent volume of distribution ,Vd ),Apparent volume of distribution (Vd ) is the volume necessary to contain the amount of drug homogeneously at the concentration found in the blood when the drug reaches dynamic equilibrium in the body.
(bioavailability, F) Bioavailability indicates the rate and extent of absorption into the systemic circulation following extravascular administration of drugs
Understand the& major factors affecting drug therapy including drug and body factors.
Master the basic concepts of placebo, tolerance, drug resistancedrug interaction, synergism and antagonism.
tolerancedrug resistanceTolerance is said to develop when the response to the same dose of a drug decreases with repeated uses.
B. (dependence) withdrawal syndrome .
Dependence means the body produce physiological or psychological dependence and requirement to some drugs after long-term use of the drugs.
Withdrawal syndrome Termination of some drugs using after long-term medication results in withdrawal symptoms or withdrawal syndrome
Master the transmitters of efferent nervous system and classification of efferent nerves according to transmitters, receptor types, receptor distribution and their actions.
Understand the synthesis, storage, release, and removal of transmitters of efferent nervous system and their physiological functions
Comprehend the receptor function and molecular mechanisms of efferent nervous system.
noradrenaline,NA(acetylcholine,Ach)
1 (muscarine) (M-R)
2(nicotine) (N-R)
3-(adrenoceptor(-R))
4-(adrenoceptor(-R)
5(dopamine)(DA-R)
1MN , Know the M/N –like effects of acetylcholine. Master the actions, clinical uses and adverse reaction of pilocarpine.
2. . Know the process of interactions of acetylcholine and cholinesterase.
3Mastering the pharmacological action and clinical application of easy-changing anti-cholinesterase drugs.
4Mastering the pharmacological action, clinical application and adverse reaction of easy-changing anti-cholinesterase drugs such as neostigmine and physostigmine.
pilocarpin,
5. neostigmine
10. PAM-Cl
, Mastering the pharmacological action, clinical application, adverse reaction and contraindications of atropine. &Knowing the acute intoxication and emergency treatment of atropine.
Master the action feature and clinical uses of anisodamine and scopolamine.
M Know the action feature and clinical uses of pirenzepine, a selective M-receptor antagonist.
Comprehend the clinical uses of homatropine, propantheline bromide, and benactyzine.
5. Comprehend the action feature, clinical uses and main adverse reaction of mecamylamine, a ganglionic blocking drug.
6. Know the main action traits of scoline and d-tubocurarine and their acute intoxication and emergency treatment.
(atropine)
homatropine
1. To know the classification of adrenoceptor agonists.
2. Master the pharmacological effects, clinical uses and main adverse reaction of noradrenaline, adrenaline, isoproterenol, ephedrine, and dopamine.
3. Comprehend the pharmacological effects and clinical uses of metaraminol.
Classification of adrenergic drugs
:and –R agonists: adrenaline, dopamine,
–R agonists noradrenaline, mephentermin, metaramin
–R agonistsisoproterenol.
(noradrenalineNA)
(adrenaline, Adr)(ephedrine)
isoproterenol
NAAdr Isop
NAAdr Isop
NAAdr Isop
Chapter 9 &Adrenoceptor blockers
Master the pharmacological effects, clinical uses and main adverse reaction of phentolamine.
Master the pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reaction and contraindications of- adrenoceptor blockers. Master the pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reaction and contraindications of propranolol.
Comprehend the action features of timolol, pindolol and nadolol.
1 Understand the action feature of atenolol and metoprolol.
phentolamine tolazoline NA
propranolol
NAAdr Isop ?
Chapter 11 Adrenocorticosteroids
To master the pharmacological action, clinical application, adverse reaction and contraindication of glucocorticoids.
To understand the course and usage of glucocorticoids.
To know of the structure-activity relationship of glucocorticoids.
(glucocorticoids)
Chapter 12& Thyroid hormone & Antithyroid Drugs
Knowing of the synthesis, excretion and accommodation of thyroid hormone. Understanding the Physiological action of the thyroid hormone.
Mastering the pharmacological action and clinical application and adverse reaction of thioureas. Knowing of the pharmacological action and clinical application and adverse reaction of iodine ,iodide ,radioidine, adrenoceoter blockers.
Chapter 13 Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs
Mastering the clinical application and adverse reaction of insulin preparation.
Mastering the pharmacological action ,clinical application and adverse reaction of sulfonylureas. Knowing of the characteristics and clinical application of acarbose and repaglinide
& Knowing of the pharmacological action clinical application of biguanides.
IDDM,NIDDM
thiazlidinediones
:tolbutamide (chlorpropamide) glibenclamide
repaglinide2
sex hormones
Histamine Receptor Antagonists
Mastering the pharmacological action, mechanism action ,clinical application and side effects of H1 recepter blokers.
Mastering the pharmacological action, clinical application and side effects of H2 recepter blokers.
Chapter 16& The Introduction of Central Nerve System
Master the pharmacological feature of central nerve system.
Understand the transmitters and receptors of central nerve system.
Chapter 17 Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
1.Mastering the pharmacological action, clinical application and side effects of benzodiazepines.
2 Knowing the pharmacological mechanism of benzodiazepines.
3.Comprehending the characters of pharmacological actions and clinical uses of barbiturates and other sedative-hypnotic drugs.
&& (mechanism)
& (pharmacological effect)
& (clinical application)
Chapter 18 Antiepileptic and Anticonvulsant Drugs
Mastering the pharmacological action, clinical application and side effects of the drugs: phenytoin sodium, carbamazepine, Phenobarbital. &Knowing the pharmacological action and clinical application of magnesium sulfate.
Comprehending the classification of epilepsy.
Knowing the anti-epileptic action and clinical uses of other antiepileptic and anticonvulsant drugs.
phenytion sodium
carbamazepion
phenobaraitalluminal
magnesium sulfate
Chapter 19& Antiparkinson’s disease drugs and drugs used for Alzheimer’s disease
Mastering the pharmacological action and clinical application of the drugs: levodopa, carbidopa and trihexyphenidyl.
levodopa, L-dopa
TacrineGalantamine Huperzine A
Chapter 20 Drugs used for Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders
Comprehend the classification of the drugs.
Mastering the pharmacological action and its mechanism, clinical application and adverse reaction of chlorpromazine.
Understand the pharmacokinetics, acute intoxication and contraindications of chlorpromazine.
4. Mastering the pharmacological action and its mechanism, clinical application and adverse reaction of Lithium Carbonate.
chlorpromazinewintermine
Typical antipaychotics are primarily used in the treatment of schizophreniaThe therapeutic effects and extrapyramidal adverse effects of these agents are exerted by blocking postsynaptic dopamine (D2) receptors in the mesolimbic, mesocortical areas and tuberoinfundibular, nigrostriatal areas, respectivelyAtypical antipaychotics have less extrapyramidal adverse effects
Antidepressant drugs are used in treating depressive patients by blocking the reuptake of both norpinephrine and serotonin into synaptics to prolong their effects
Lithium is used in maniaand depression-mania by decreasing the activity of catecholamine in the brain.
&antidepressants,
Introduce the classes of antidepressants, tricyclic, SNRI, SSRI, MAOI,
Clinic uses and side effects of imipramine.
Clinic uses and main side effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine.
Chapter 21 Analgesics
Comprehend the classification of analgesics, the concepts of opioid receptors and their antagonists.
Understanding the action traits of codeine, methadone and fentanyl.
Mastering the pharmacological action, mechanism, clinical application and adverse reaction of morphine.
Master the action features and clinical uses of pethidine, pentazocine and rotundine.
Three major types of opioid receptorsi.e.,,, and receptors and three main endogenous opioid peptides, i.e., enkephalinsendophinsand dynorphins are found in the central nerve system
:Analgesia and sedation, respiratory depression, emesis and nausea, cough reflex,
pethidinedolantin
Chapter 22& Antipyretic and Analgesic Drugs
1Understand the classification and common features of antipyretic and analgesic drugs. Master the pharmacological effects, clinical uses and main adverse reaction of aspirin, acetaminophen and indomethacin.
2. Understand the action features, clinical uses and adverse effects of ibuprofen, sulindac, mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, diclofenac, piroxicam and phenylbutazone.
acetaminophen
5. indomethacin
Chapter24& Drugs acting on ion channels of cardiovascular system
To understand the Classification and mode of the Ca++-channel blockers. To understand the feature role of the Ca++-channel blockers
Mastering the pharmacology action and the therapeutic applications of Ca++-channel blockers.
Ca2+(calcium channel blocker)
Negative inotropic effectsNegative chronotropic/dromotropic effects
artherosclerosis
hypertension
angina pectoris
arrhythmia
Chapter 25& Antiarrhythmic Drugs
⒈ (Quinidine)(lidocaine)(amiodarone)(Verapamil)
Mastering the pharmacological action, clinical application and adverse reaction of Quinidine lidocaine, amiodarone ,Verapamil.
⒉ (Procainamide)(Phenytoin)(Mexiletine)(Tocainide)(Flecainide)(Propafenone)
To understand the feature of Procainamide, Phenytoin, Mexiletine, Tocainide, Flecainide, Propafenone.
Knowing of the basice electrophysiology and classification of anti-arrhythmic drugs. The mechanisms by which different antiarrhythmic drugs are thought to act
the electrophysiological background of anti-arrhythmic drugs.
reentryautorhythmicityafterdepolarization
The classification and clinical application of the anti-arrhythmic drugs.
a b c a (quinidine) b (liduocaine) c (propadenone)
(propranolol)
(amiodarone)
Chapter 26& Diuretics and Dehydrant agents
Knowing of the Physiology of diuretics.
Mastering the pharmacological action, Site, mechanism , feature clinical application and adverse reaction of diuretics
(diuretics)
(furosemide) (etacrynic acid) (bumetanide)
Knowing of the
(pulmonary edema)(cerebral edema)(acute renal failure)
(thiazides) Na+ ClNaCL
(spironolactone, , antisterone) :, (triamterene) Na+
Chapter 27& Drugs used in congestive heart failure)
Knowing of the classification of the treatment of CHF.
To master the Cardiac glycosides, RAS inhibitors and AT1 inhibitors, beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs pharmacological effects, clinical uses and adverse effects .
Knowing of other drugs action and mechanism and clinical uses in the treatment of CHF.
-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system , RAS
3.ACE (captopril) (enalapril)(lysinopril)(benazapril)(fosinopril)
AT1 (losartan)
(digoxin)(Digitoxin)(Lanatoside C)
K(Strophanral K)
(diuresis)
(atrial fibrillation)(atrial flutter)(paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia)
1. ACEI AT1
2.ACEI AT1
Chapter 28& Drugs used in angina pectoris
To understand the classification of antianginal agents .
To& master the mechanisms and the clinical applications, adverse effects of relief of symptoms of angina pectoris by antianginal agents,
. Knowing of the advantage and shortcomings in combination of nitrate esters with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs and the clinical applications.
:(myocardial wall tension)(heart rate)(myocardial contractility)
:(stable angina pectoris)(prinzmetal’s angina pectoris)
nitrolycerin
nifedipineverapamildiltiazem
Chapter 30& Anti-hypertensive drugs
Mastering the classification of anti-hypertensive drugs.
Mastering the first Line anti-hypertensive drugs action, mechanism, and adverse reaction, application principle of loop diuretics, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ,AngII receptor antagonists, β-adrenergic antagonists.
Knowing of the classical drugs action feature, mechanism, and adverse reaction of Clonidine, HydralazineSodium nitroprusside.
Knowing of the action featureand &clinical application of new anti-hypertensive drugs. Mastering the new concept of anti-hypertensive drugs.
(The classification of anti-hypertensive drugs)
nifedipine(nitrendipine) (amlodipine)
propranolol
I captoprilenalapril
ACE AngACE Ang
hydralazinesodium nitroprusside
1 (prazosin) 1 2
Chapter 31 Drugs acting on the blood and the blood –forming organs
Mastering the pharmacological action, clinical application, and adverse reaction of heparin, coumarin derivatives, urokinase, vitamin K. Knowing of the action and clinical application of low molecular weight heparin.
Mastering the pharmacological action and clinical application of Asprin in anti-platelet. Knowing of the action and clinical application of Ticlopidine, Dipyridamole
Mastering the pharmacological action and clinical application , adverse reaction of agents of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid. Knowing of the pharmacological action, clinical application of Erythropoietin,GM-CSF and G-CSF.
Knowing of the pharmacological action, clinical application and adverse reaction of dextran.
(blood coagulation)(fibrinolysis)
(anticoagulants)
(streptokinaseSK)(urokinaseUK)(tissue-type plasminogen activator,t-PA)
K(vitamine K)
(folic acid)B12
(EPO)(G-CSF)(GM-CSF)
Chapter 32& Agents Used in the Treatment of Asthma and Cough
Mastering the mechanism of action, feature and clinical application of every variety of anti-asthmatic drugs.
Mastering the mechanism of action and clinical applications of antitussives and antitussives.
2 salbutamolterbutalineclenbuterolformoterol
aminophylline
ipratopine
glucocorticoids, GCs
cromolyn sodium
codeinedextromethorphan pentoxyverine,
benzonatatetessalon
(ammonium chloride)
acetylcysteine bromhexine
Chapter 33&& Gastrointestinal Drugs
Master the pathogenesis and medication principle of peptic ulcer. Mastering feature and application principle of antacids. Mastering mechanism of action, clinical application assess and main adverse reaction of every variety of acid secretion inhibitors. Knowing of pharmacological action and clinical application of mucosal protective agents and anti-Hp
Mastering pharmacological action and clinical application of domperidone and cisapride.
Knowing of mechanism of action, clinical application, and consideration of laxative drugs.
oxytocin()
prostaglandinsPGs
ergometrineergonovine ergotamine ergotoxine
Chapter 35& Antibacterial Agents General considerations
⒈MBCMICPAE
Master the concepts including chemotherapy, antibacterial drugs, antibiotics, bacteriostatic drugs and bactericidal drugs
Understand the relationships among drug, body and pathogen.
Master the pharmacological action and mechanisms of anti-microbial action
Master the concepts of resistance. . Understand the mechanisms of anti-microbial action and of developing resistance.
chemotherapyMBCMICchemotherapeutic index PAE
(resistance)
Chapter36& β-Lactam antibiotics
Master the anti-microbial spectrum, mechanism of action, in vivo procedure and clinical application of benzylpenicillin.. Knowing of the classification.
Mastering the antibacterial action and clinical application ,preventive measures , adverse reaction of Ampicillin.
Knowing of the Characteristics and clinical application of& demi-synthesis penicillinspectrum penicillin and other penicillin
Master the product traits, representable drugs and clinical application, adverse reaction of four generations.
Gpenicillin G
oxacillin(cloxacillin)
ampicillin (amoxycillin)
carbenicillin
Chapter 37 Aminoglycosides antibiotics
Master the action, mechanism, clinical application and adverse reaction of aminoglycosides. Knowing of the resistance mechanism of aminoglycosides.
&Master the clinical application of frequently used aminoglycosides such as gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin. Knowing of the traits of action of colistin.
streptomycin
(gentamicin)
(amikacin)(tobramycin)
Chapter 38& Erythromycin,Lincomycins,Polypeptides antibiotics
Master the antibacterial action and application adverse reaction of erythromycin
Understanding the antibacterial action and application of Lincomycins
Understanding the antibacterial action and clinical application of the Vancomycin.
erythromycin
azithromycin
lincomycin (clindamycin)
vancomycin
Chapter 39& Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol
Mastering the antibiotic action, clinical application and adverse reaction of chloramphenicol. and Tetracyclines
tetracycline
(doxycycline) minocycline
(chloramphenicol)
Chapter 40& Synthetic Antimicrobial Drugs
Master the antibiotic mechanism, clinical applications and adverse reaction of quinolone
Master the antibacterial action and mechanism, clinical applications and adverse reaction of sulfonamides.
Master the mechanism action of SD and SMZ and the evidence and significance of TMP and sulfonamides in combination.
DNA A DNA IV DNA
norfloxacin ciprofloxacin ofloxacin sparfloxacin
Chapter 41 Antifungal and Antiviral Agents
⒈Understand the traits of action of the anti-fungal drugs and antiviral drugs frequently used.
Understand the classification and the characteristics of &Antifungal and Antiviral Agents.
aciclovir (ribavirin, )vidarabine
Bamphotericin B
(fluconazole) (itraconazole)
(terbinafine)(flucytosine)
Chapter 42& Antituberculous and Antileprosy Drugs
Master the pharmacological effect,clinical application and adverse reaction of the first-selected anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin and ethamnbutol.
Understand the applicative principle of anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Understand the main traits of the second-selected anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Knowing of the main traits of the anti-leprosy drugs.
rifampinrifampicin
ethambutol pyrazinamidePZA
Chapter 43& Antibacterial drugs Rational Application
Master the Principle and combination of antibacterial drugs.
Chapter 45& Antineoplastic drugs
Master the mechanism and main indications, toxic reaction of anti-neoplastic drugs frequently used.
Knowing of the relations &of& cell cycle kinetics with chemotherapy and application principle of anti-neoplastic drugs.
(MTX)(5-FU)(Ara-C)6-(6-MP)
(VLB)(taxol)
DNA (HN2)(CTX)(DDP)