From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about highways in the People's Republic of China. For expressways, see . For highways in the Republic of China, see .
The China National Highways (: 中华人民共和国国道; : 中華人民共和國國道; : Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guódào) are a series of
across . Although they are called "" (e.g., the ), they are not necessarily . However, like expressways, a toll is sometimes charged.[]
Toll plaza on the combined G106/G316 in the center of the town of Futu, in
Municipality,
Although an accepted speed limit on China National Highways is 100 km/h, it is common to see cars pass other by in well in excess of 100 km/h. The lack of speed detection cameras on some routes, lack of a posted speed limit outside of localities and tremendous distances of road mileage, means that enforcing this speed limit is rather herculean. In addition there is a notable shortage of traffic police in mainland China.
Nationwide highways often begin with the letter G, followed by three numerals, e.g.: G107. It is said that the G stands for 国家 (guójiā), or national.
The numbering of the highways is as follows:
Five vertical and seven horizontal main routes were labelled in the former 000 series (the so-called "five downs and seven acrosses"), although these have been deprecated in favour of the
Highways in the 100 series (e.g. 102, 106) begin from
- the capital city of the
- and spread out in all compass directions, except for , which originates in
as it is a ring around Beijing.
Highways in the 200 series stretch from north to south (e.g., from
through to
province);
Highways in the 300 series stretch from east to west (e.g., from
through to
province);
Highways in the 500 series are connecting roads between other national highways.
In major cities, there is usually a gap in the road within the city.
Map of China National Highway Plan (2013-30)
Although most Guodao are good paved roads, some sections are still quite rough, such as this 20-km stretch of
north of ,
The building of highways is seen as key to accelerating infrastructure construction. In 2003, completed investment in highway construction was 350 billion yuan and 219 key highway projects progressed, focusing mainly on the five north-south and seven east-west national arterial highways as well as highways in western China and in rural areas. By the end of 2004, the total length of highways open to traffic reached 1.871 million km, including 34,300 km (21,300 mi) of expressways up to advanced modern transportation standard, ranking second in the world. The nation's highway density has now reached 19.5 km per 100 km2.
With the completion in 2008 of the five north-south and the seven east-west national arterial highways, totaling 35,000 km (22,000 mi), Beijing and Shanghai were linked by major highways, chiefly expressways, to the capitals of all provinces and autonomous regions of China, creating highway connections between over 200 cities.
The aim of the National Expressway Network Plan approved in early 2005 is an expressway system connecting all capitals of provinces and autonomous regions with Beijing and with each other, linking major cities and important counties. The network will have a total length of about 85,000 km (53,000 mi), including s the Beijing-, Beijing-, Beijing--, Beijing-, Beijing-, Beijing-, and Beijing- expressways. Half of the projects are already completed.
In 2013 the Ministry of Transport announced the "National Highway Network Planning (2013 - 2030)", which will bring the total number of highways to 119, with 81 connecting highways between them. The total mileage will be increased to 265,000 km (165,000 mi), with increased focus on the western and less developed regions.
Typical kilometer marker: 1,284 km (798 mi) from Beijing on G106
Road sign using GZxx format on the old G025 (new G109) near Qinghai Lake
Highways listed in red were planned but never built, or have been abandoned or redesignated. Those listed in yellow are currently partially finished. Those listed in grey are under construction or still in planning.
Note: 000 Series China National Highways pointed to five specific vertical routes, as well as seven specific horizontal routes. Routes ending in "0" were north-south (vertical) routes ending in "5" were east-west (horizontal) routes. The new system with two to four numbers that indicate the
system is now in use instead of the 000 Series. For the expressways' new numbering system, see .
It seems that the old 0xx numbers are still signposted using the format GZxx, e.g. in the Qinghai province, there are signs at the G109 (old G025) showing the number GZ25.
English Name
Startpoint
5,700 km (3,500 mi)
Was the longest China National Highway overall. Now
and part of
2,540 km (1,580 mi)
2,540 km (1,580 mi)
Now part of
4,590 km (2,850 mi)
Now part of
2,310 km (1,440 mi)
Now part of
1,610 km (1,000 mi)
3,610 km (2,240 mi)
Now part of
, and all of
3,980 km (2,470 mi)
1,430 km (890 mi)
Now part of
2,970 km (1,850 mi)
4,090 km (2,540 mi)
and part of
1,980 km (1,230 mi)
Now part of
(formerly designated G030, now ) near Beijing.
English Name
Startpoint
Final Endpoint
Current Length
909 km (565 mi)
1,297 km (806 mi)
162 km (101 mi)
The shortest China National Highway overall.
2,420 km (1,500 mi)
2,717 km (1,688 mi)
2,466 km (1,532 mi)
2,662 km (1,654 mi)
3,356 km (2,085 mi)
3,901 km (2,424 mi)
The longest China National Highway from Beijing. Includes the .
1,357 km (843 mi)
2,123 km (1,319 mi)
1,228 km (763 mi)
Ring road around .
English Name
Startpoint
Final Startpoint
Final Endpoint
Current Length
1,964 km (1,220 mi)
1,818 km (1,130 mi)
720 km (450 mi)
1,031 km (641 mi)
3,160 km (1,960 mi)
2,375 km (1,476 mi)
3,738 km (2,323 mi)
The longest north-south China National Highway.
990 km (620 mi)
3,435 km (2,134 mi)
3,097 km (1,924 mi)
691 km (429 mi)
1,302 km (809 mi)
2,977 km (1,850 mi)
3,296 km (2,048 mi)
641 km (398 mi)
857 km (533 mi)
1,753 km (1,089 mi)
1,067 km (663 mi)
2,342 km (1,455 mi)
Will become the longest China National Highway overall.
585 km (364 mi)
668 km (415 mi)
363 km (226 mi)
323 km (201 mi)
309 km (192 mi)
The shortest north-south China National Highway.
429 km (267 mi)
288 km (179 mi)
Planned but cancelled. Eventually built as .
347 km (216 mi)
956 km (594 mi)
Hypothetical ring road around . Never built due to the . Designation abandoned in 2013.
English Name
Startpoint
Final Startpoint
Final Endpoint
Current Length
1,680 km (1,040 mi)
1,028 km (639 mi)
1,263 km (785 mi)
889 km (552 mi)
815 km (506 mi)
497 km (309 mi)
1,351 km (839 mi)
637 km (396 mi)
2,208 km (1,372 mi)
1,613 km (1,002 mi)
748 km (465 mi)
4,967 km (3,086 mi)
821 km (510 mi)
Now part of ,
and , as well as partially abandoned.
1,948 km (1,210 mi)
Includes the Chinese part of the .
3,063 km (1,903 mi)
2,915 km (1,811 mi)
2,043 km (1,269 mi)
5,476 km (3,403 mi)
The longest China National Highway overall.
2,984 km (1,854 mi)
3,695 km (2,296 mi)
2,220 km (1,380 mi)
1,039 km (646 mi)
2,915 km (1,811 mi)
2,712 km (1,685 mi)
868 km (539 mi)
1,562 km (971 mi)
424 km (263 mi)
224 km (139 mi)
The shortest east-west China National Highway.
292 km (181 mi)
327 km (203 mi)
English Name
Startpoint
Final Startpoint
Final Endpoint
Current Length
Connecting Road
Connecting Road
Connecting Road
Connecting Road
Connecting Road
Connecting Road
Connecting Road
Connecting Road
Connecting Road
Connecting Road
Connecting Road
Wikimedia Commons has media related to .
China National Highways
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