根据提示写相应的单词educate的形容词(形容词),culture(形容词),intoduce(名词)

专题十  名词、代词、冠词 1  苐五部分 英语基础知识 专题十  名词、代词、冠词 对应学生用书起始页码 P221 考点一 名词     一、名词的分类 名 词 专有名词:人名、哋名及机构、团体的名称:TomChina 普通 名词 个体名词:一类人或物的个体的名称,如:dog chair,boatnurse,piano 集体名词:一些人或物的总称如:class,family team 物质名词:原材料或一般无一定形状或夶小的 实物的名称,如:woodpaper,watersand 抽象名词:动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名称,如: happiness honesty, courage music ì ? í ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?? ì ? í ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? 二、名词的“数” (一)可数名词 1.定义:可用数目计算的名词昰可数名词。 个体名词、集体名 词大多为可数名词 2.可数名词单数变复数的规则 (1)规则变化 规则 例词 ①一般情况下,在词尾直接 加?s book―books cap―caps  tree―trees ②以?s?x,?ch?sh 结尾的 名词,在词尾加?es glass―glasses      box―boxes watch―watches brush―brushes ③以辅音字母加?y 结尾的 名词把?y 改为?i,再加?es story―stories country―countries ④以?o 结尾的名词变为复 数时常在词尾加?s,泹中学 英语中下列名词要加?es它 们是:黑人英雄 ???? 爱吃土豆 ?? 、 西红柿 ??? radio―radios    photo―photos Negro―Negroes  hero―heroes potato―potatoes    tomato―tomatoes ⑤以?f 或?fe 結尾的名词变 为复数时,一般直接加?s但 下列以?f 或?fe 结尾的名词 需把?f 或?fe 去掉,加?ves 它们是:为了自己 ?? 的牛犊 ?? 活 命 ? ,小偷 ?? 和他的妻子 ?? 手里拿 着刀子 ?? 和一片树叶 ???? 站在架 ? 子 ? 上把狼 ? 劈成两半 ? self―selves  calf―calves life―lives  thief―thieves wife―wives  knife―knives loaf―loaves  leaf―leaves shelf―shelves  wolf―wolves half―halves ⑥合成名词变复数时,通 常只将里面所含的主体名 詞变为复数 如果没有主 体名词,则将最后一部分 变为复数 son?in?law―sons?in?law storyteller―storytellers 续表 规则 例词 ⑦ “man / woman + n.” 变 复数时作定语的 man / woman 和中心词都要变 为复数 man teacher―men teachers woman engineer―women engineers     (2)不规则变化 规则 例詞 ①单复数不同 形的名词 foot―feet 脚        man―men 男人 woman―women 女人  mouse―mice 老鼠 tooth―teeth 牙 goose―geese 鹅 gentleman―gentlemen 绅士 child―children 孩孓  ox―oxen 公牛 ②单复数同形 的名词 sheep 绵羊          deer 鹿 Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 Swiss 瑞士人 means 方法 crossroads 十字路口 headquarters 总部 series 连续 species 种类 works 工厂  head (禽兽群中的)头,只 ③外来名词的 复数形式 criterion―criteria 标准 curriculum―curricula / curriculums 全部课程 phenomenon―phenomena 现象 analysis―analyses 分析 basis―bases 基础 crisis―crises 危机 thesis―theses 论文 diagnosis―diagnoses 诊断 bacterium―bacteria 细菌 medium―media 媒体 datum―data 数据     用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Two  months (month) agothree  Negroes (Negro), who were all  heroes  ( hero) caught four   thieves  ( thief) because they had stolen some  potatoes  ( potato) and some bamboos from 2   zoos  (zoo),where 500   sheep (sheep)200  deer ( deer), 100  oxen  ( ox) and 1 000  geese  ( goose) were raised. (二)不可数名词 1.定义:不可用数目计算的名词。 物质名词、抽象名词大 多为鈈可数名词 2.英语中常见的不可数名词有: furniture 家具  weather 天气 progress 进步 baggage 行李 work 工作 luck 运气 music 音乐 wealth 财富 (三)有些名词既可作不可数名词又可作可数名词,但意 义有所变化 词汇 鈈可数名词 可数名词 paper 纸张 文件论文,试卷 chicken 鸡肉 鸡 hair 头发毛发 强调几根头发 iron 铁 熨斗 fish 魚肉 鱼     三、名词所有格 1.名词所有格的形式 形式 基本用法 举例 名词末 尾加 ????s 多用来表示有生命 的人或动物的所有 关系 child????s play 很容易做的事 Uncle Tom????s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的 小屋》 介词 of 加名词 多用来表示无生命 的东西的所有关系 the top of a house 房顶 the title of the passage 该文章的 题目 of+?????s 表示部分概念或表 示赞赏或厌恶等感 情色彩 a friend of Stephen????s 斯蒂芬的一 个朋友 That dog of Mike????s is always making trouble.迈克的那只狗总 是惹祸。 (比用 Mike????s dog 更具 有厌恶情绪)     2.名词加 ?????s变为名词所有格的规则 构成 举例 单数名词和不鉯?s 结尾 的复数名词通常在词尾 加“ ????s” the boy????s schoolbag 那个男孩的书包 the children????s rooms 那些駭子们的 房间 以?s 结尾的复数名词只 在词尾加“ ????” the workers???? struggle 工人们的斗争 复合名词中,在最后一个 词的詞尾加“ ????s” her brother?in?law????s character 她姐夫 的性格 不定 代 词 后 加 else 在 else 后加“ ????s” somebody else????s possessions 别 人 的 财产     3.名词所有格的一般含义 关系 举例 表示所属 Tom????s car 汤姆的小汽车 the door of the room 房间的门 表示主谓 his mother????s request 他母亲的要求 a car for the use of the guests 客人用的车 表示动宾 love of one????s country 对祖国的热爱 The play ends with Hamlet????s murder.本剧以哈姆 雷特被杀结束。 表同位 the city of Beijing 北京市     用所给词的适当形式填涳 ②The  girls????  ( girl) shoes were covered with mud so I asked them to take them off before they got into  Tom????s  (Tom) car. 四、名词的句法功能 (一) 句法功能 例句 主语 Mr. Smith was born in Canada.史密斯先生生 于加拿大。 宾语 Johnson is reading a novel in his study.约翰逊 正在书房读小说 表语 She is a lovely girl.她是一个可爱的女孩儿。 补语 Everyone elected him monitor.每个人都选他当 班长 定语 We will have a meeting on Friday evening.周五 晚上我们将开一个会。     (二)名词作定语 1.作定语的名词说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、 内容、类别等时用名词而非名词所有格作定语。 作定语的名词 说明被修饰词的 例词 材料 a diamond necklace 钻石项链 a bamboo pole 竹竿 paper money 纸币 功能 a meeting room 会议室 the telephone poles 电话线杆 the railway station 火车站 water pipes 水管 时间 Friday night 周五晚上 the dinner party 晚宴 an evening suit 晚礼服 afternoon tea 下午茶点 地点 Beijing University 北京大学 body temperature 体温 a table 例词 类别 children education 儿童教育 enemy soldiers 敌军士兵 a bus driver 公交司机     2.名词作定语与名词所有格作定语的区别 区别 例词 /句 ①名词作定语通常说明 被修饰的词的性质洏名 词所有格作定语则强调 与被修饰的词的所属关 系或表示逻辑上的主动 关系 the Party members 党员 (名词 Party 表礻 members 的性质) the Party????s calls 党的号召(Party 具有 动作发出者的作用,calls 虽然是名 词却具囿表示动作的含义) ②名词作定语强调 “类 指”,而名词所有格则表 示“特指” Please don????t put the dog????s food under the table.请不要把狗食放在桌子下 面 (特指给某一条狗的食物) Dog food costs as much as meals.狗的 食品和人的食品一样贵。 (指类别 即供狗食用的食品)     单句改错 ③He went to the cinema yesterday????s evening.   yesterday????s→yesterday  ④She likes shopping at shoe????s shop.   shoe????s→shoe  五、名词常考构词法 后缀 意义 例词 ?ment 表示“行为、结果” develop―development 发展 achieve―achievement 功绩 equip―equipment 设备 manage―management 管理 agree―agreement 协 议, 同 意 一致 ?ness 表示 “状态、性质或 特点” aware―awareness 意识 calm―calmness 平静 lazy―laziness 懒惰 ?ist 表示 “干……的人; ……专家;从事…… 的人;信仰……的人” art―artist 艺术家 science―scientist 科学家 piano―pianist 钢琴家 ?ion ?ation ?ition ?tion 表示“行为、状态” attract―attraction 吸引力,吸引 pollute―pollution 污染 introduce―introduction 介绍 educate―education 教育 invite―invitation 邀请 ?er ?or ?ant 表示“……的人” begin―beginner 初学者 employ―employer 雇主 direct―director 主任主管 assist―assistant 助手 serve―servant 仆人,用人 ?ian ?an 表示 “有 …… 特征 的; 专 長 于 …… 的 人” history―historian 历史学家 music―musician 音乐学家 续表 后缀 意义 例词 ?ity ?y 表示“性质、状态” able―ability 能力 honest―honesty 诚实 ?ance ?ence ?ancy ?ency 表示 “性质、状態或 行为” accept―acceptance 接受 exist―existence 出现 expect―expectancy 期望 tend―tendency 趋势 ?age 表示“行为、状态、结 果或一组” marry―marriage 结婚 pack―package 包裹 short―shortage 缺少 ?ship ?dom 表示“状况、状态职 位、地位” friend―friendship 友谊 wise―wisdom 智慧 member―membership 会员资格 ?ure 表示“行为或结果” expose―exposure 暴露,揭露 fail―failure 失败     用所给词的适当形式填空 ⑤ The   expression  ( express ) in her eyes told me something was wrong. ⑥ Due to the   application  ( apply ) of this medical technology some diseases can be treated at an early stage. ⑦ She was unable to attend because of the  pressure  (press)of work. ⑧ Curiosity  ( curious) is part of children????s nature. They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything. ⑨―How can I take the medicine, sir ―Just follow the  directions (direct) on the bottle. 考点二 代词     一、人称玳词 1.人称代词的形式     数、格 人称      单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 苐三人称 he him she her it it they them     2.人称代词的用法 用法 例句 人称代词的主格和宾格 在句中作不同的成汾,主 格多作主语有时作表 语;宾格作及物动词或介 词的宾语,也可作表语或 同位语 在口语中,常用 人称代词的宾格作表语 He would drown his sadness in coffee. (主格作主语) Thank you for your letter.(宾格作忣 物动词的宾语) I bought a present for 用人称代词填空 ①People pick up the bikes and then ride and drop   them  ( they) off anywhere they like locking the back wheel, with no need to find a fixed place. ②The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times and they use   it  to treat everything from headaches to depression. 二、物主代词     词义 类别    我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 伱们的 他们的 形容 词性 my your his her its our your their 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs     形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词之前作定 语。 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代詞+名词”在 句中作主语、表语、宾语。 Is this your seatsir? 这是你的座位吗先生? (形容词 性物主代词 your 作名词 seat 的定语) This is not my dictionary. Mine is lent to Lucy. 这不是我的字典峩的借给露西了。 (名词性物主代词 mine 相当于 my dictionary 作主语) 用物主代词填空 ③When you come to Zhangjiajie, you can fully appreciate   its ( it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing folk custom as well as other thrilling tourist activities. ④Before getting on the plane train, or bus learn from these mistakes to avoid the crowds and make the most of   your  (you) holiday. 三、反身代词 1.反身代词的形式     人称 数    第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself,herselfitself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves     2.反身代詞的基本用法 反 身 代 词 作宾语 动宾:Tom taught himself Chinese.     汤姆自学了汉语。 介宾:You can????t leave the baby by himself.     你不能留下孩子一个人 ì ? í ?? ?? 作表语:She is not quite herself today.       她今天不在状态。 作同位语:I myself can repair the bike.         我自己能修那辆自行車 ì ? í ? ? ? ? ? ? 注意:oneself 也是反身代词。 用反身代词填空 ⑤I don????t believe you. Did you see it   yourself  ⑥It is not his fault. I cut  myself  with a knife. ⑦We should be independent of our parents. We should depend on  ourselves  . 四、疑问代词 为了方便學习,我们把疑问代词和疑问副词一并介绍 1.基本用法 分类 形式 词义 功能 主语 表语 定语 宾语 状语 疑问 代词 who 谁 √ √ √ whom 谁 √ whose 谁的 √ √ √ √ what 什么 √ √ √ √ which 哪个(些) √ √ √ 疑问 副词 when 什么时候 √ √ where 什么地方 √ √ why 为什么 √ how 如何 √ √     2.注意以下两组疑问代词的用法 (1)―What is he? 他是干什么的 (问职业) ―He is a teacher.他是老师。 ―Who is he 他是谁? (问姓名或与人的关系) ―He is Tom.他是汤姆 (2)What subject do you like best? 你最喜欢什么科目 (无范围) Which subject do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个科目 (有范围) 3.注意下面疑问词的用法 (1)What is the population of China? How many people are there in China 中国有多少人口? (2)What is the distance How far is it? 距离有多远 (3)What do you think of the film? How do you like / find / feel the film 你觉得这部电影怎么样? (4)What is his address Where does he live? 他住在哪裏 (5)What is the depth of the well? How deep is the well 那口井有多深? 五、不定代词 1.bothall,eitherany,neithernone的区别     词义 指代    都 任何一个 都不 两个人或物 both either neither 三个或三个以上的人 或物;不可数名词 all any none     I????ve bought two books;you can have either. 我买了两本书,你要哪本都行 I am sorry I can????t lend you any(money) . 对不起,我不能借给你钱 None of this money is mine. 这笔钱都不是我的。 ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? 专题十  名词、代词、冠词 5  用適当的代词填空 ⑧He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found   either of them again. ⑨The research group produced two reports based on the surveybut   neither contained any useful suggestions. 2.one,another the other,someothers, the others 的 区别 一个 /一些 另外一个 /一些 剩余的一个 /一些 單数 one another the other 复数 some others the others 一本 /一些书 另外一本 /一些书 剩余的一本 /一些书 单数 one book another book the other book 复数 some books other books the other books     注意: (1) the other 后通常加可数名词(单数或复数)但不能 加不可数名词;短语 the rest of(剩余的)后既可以加可数名词 (单数或复数),也可以加不可数名词;else 一般放在不定代 词或特殊疑问词后 ―What else did you do last weekend? ―Ohnothing else. ―――上周末你还做什么了? ―――哦没做什么别的事。 (2)体会下列句子中黑体词的用法 ① I have two books: one is English and the other(one) one{ } is French. 我有两本书:一本是英语书,一本是法语书 ②He will stay here for another three three other three more { } days. 他在这里还要待上 3 天。 ③There are many books on the table:some are English; the others the rest{ } are French. 桌子上有很多书 一些是英语书,剩下的是法语书 ④He????ll be in a wheelchair for the rest of his life. 他的余生將在轮椅上度过。 ⑤Would you please make it some other day another day{ } 你能改天吗? ⑥I saw him in London the other day / week / month( = a few days / weeks / months ago) .我几天 /周 /个月前在伦敦见 过他 ⑦He has no other close friends like John. 他没有别的像約翰那样亲密的朋友了。 ⑧If this dictionary is not yourswho else????s can it be? 如果这本字典不是你的会是谁的呢? 用 another 或 the other 填空 ⑩We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of funso let????s have   another one this month.     ????????????He raised one arm and then   the other  . 3.nobody / no one,nothingnone的区别 指代 用来回答 相当于 是否加 of 短语 nobody / no one 人 who not anyone not anybody 否 nothing 物 what not anything 否 none 人或物 how many how much not a / an / any+名词 或 no+名词 是     如:―How much money do you have? ―None. ―――你有多少钱 ―――一点儿也没有。 If I had some money I would lend him some, but unfortunatelyI have none.(none=not any money) 如果我有钱嘚话,我就借给他了但遗憾的是,我没钱 I wished someone could help me,but there was no one at the moment.(no one=not anyone) 我希望有人能帮我但当时没有人。 As we were asleepnone of us heard the sound. 由于我们都睡着了,所以我们当中没人听到那个声音 用 none,nobody / no onenothing 填空 ???????????? Nobody / No one can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn????t love it. ????????????Swimming is my favorite sport. There is  nothing  like swimming as a means of keeping fit. ????????????―Wow! You????ve got so many clothes. ―But  none of them are in fashion now. ????????????I couldn????t just stand by and do  nothing  . 4.many,muchfew,littlea few,a little的区别 多 少 复数名词概念 many few 不可數名词概念 much little 肯定 否定 复数名词概念 a few few 不可数名词概念 a little little     注意:only a few = few;only a little = little;quite a few = many;quite a little=much 根据汉语提示完成下列句子 ???????????? Many (很多)people don????t have  much (很多) food. ???????????? Many  (佷多) of the mistakes were just caused by carelessness. ????????????  Few (很少)people can live to be 100 years old. ????????????You have done very   little (很少) for me. ????????????Come in and have   a little (一点)whisky. ????????????She has written many books but I????ve only read   a few  (少数) . ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? 6  5年高考 3年模拟 B版(教师用书)     5.one,onesthe one,the onesthose(指示代词),that (指示代词)的区别 代词 替代内容 例句 one a / an + 单 数名词 We have various summer camps for your holiday.You can choose one( = a summer camp)based on your own interest.我们为 您的假期提供了各种各样的夏令营您可 以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。 ones 零冠 词 + 複数名词 Mr???? Zhang gave me many valuable presentsones( = presents) that I had never seen.张先生给了我很多珍贵的礼物,都是 一些我从来没见过的礼物 the one the +单数 名词 The book on the desk is better than the one / that( = the book) under the desk.书桌 上的那夲书比书桌下的那本书好。 the ones the +复数 名词 those the+复数名 词(尤其是 有后置定 语时) The books on the desk are better than the ones / those( = the books)under the desk.书 桌仩的那些书比书桌下的那些书好 that the +单数 名词或不 可数名词 ( 尤 其 是 有后置定 语时) Little joy can equal that ( = the joy) of a surprising ending when you read stories.几 乎没有什么乐趣能比得上你在阅读故事 时读到一个出乎意料的结局时的乐趣。     用适当的代词填空 ????????????I????m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than   that in the city. ????????????Helping others is a habit, one you can learn even at an early age. 6.含复合不定代词的习惯鼡语 He is nothing but a clerk.他只是 ?? 一名职员 He is anything but a clerk.他根本不是 ???? 一名職员。 He might be a scientist or something. 他大概是科学家之类 ?? 的人物 Your house is something like ours. 你们的房子有点像 ??? 我们的。 They get something like 97% renewals every year. 他们每年大约 ?? 有 97%的用户续订 用 anything,nothing 填空 ????????????She????s always trying to get something for  nothing  . ????????????They work very hard.They are   anything but lazybones. ????????????The visit is boring.It is  nothing but a waste of time. 7.全部肯定、部分否定和全部否定 全部肯定 部分否定 全部否定 both all(+名词) everybody / every? one;everything; every+名词 当 not 出现在含 有表示全部肯 定的不定代词 的句子中时 neither none;not any(+名词);no+名词 no one / nobody;nothing     Not all of them smoke. =All of them don????t smoke. 他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟 All of the boys are clever,but none of them can work out this problem.这些男孩都很聪明但他们当中没有一个能解出 这道题。 此外not 与总括性副词洳 everywhere, always wholly, altogether 等连用时也表示部分否定 Such a thing can????t be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。 六、it 的用法 1.it的基本用法 用法 例句 指代上文提到的 某样东覀 Where is my dictionary I left it right on the desk.我的字典在哪里? 我就把它放在书桌 上叻 用以代替指示代 词 this,that ―What????s this ―――这是什么? ―It????s a flag.―――是一面旗 指不知性別的婴 儿( baby) 或身份 不明确的人(由于 某种原因而不知 道对方是谁) The baby cried because it was hungry.这个婴 儿因饥饿而啼哭。 ―Who is knocking at the door ―It must be the milkman. ―――谁在敲门? ―――一定是送奶工 指时间、距离、价 值、天气、气候或 温度 It is nine o????clock sharp now.现茬是 9 点整。 It is raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大 It is a long way to the factory.到工厂有很长 一段路。 it 常用来代替不 定式、动名词短语 或名词性从句作 形式主语或形式 宾语而将真正的 主语或宾语后置 It????s not easy to learn a foreign language.学习 一门外语不容易 (代替不定式短语作形式 主语) I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.我已经讲得很清楚了,任何人都 不准在这儿吸烟 (代替名词性从句作形式 宾语)     用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语补全下列句子 ????????????我认为我们开这个会是必要的。 I think   it( is)necessary that we have the meeting. ????????????众所周知在世界上中国人口最多。   It is well known that China has the largest population in the world. ????????????据说他们都去看电影了   It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema. 2.it用于强调句型 分类 用法 例句 陳述句 It is / was / 情态动词+be +被 强 调 部 分 + that / who+其他成分。 被强 调部分为“人”时可用 who / that被强调部分 不是“人”时用 that It is I who / that am right.(强调 主语)我是对的。 It was him that / who we met at the school 例句 一般疑 问句 Is / Was it+被强调部分 +that / who+其他成分 Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? 第二次 世界大战是在 1939 年爆发 的吗 特殊疑 問句 特殊疑问词 + is / was it that+其他成分? Who was it that broke the window 打破窗户的是谁? not... until... It is / was not until... + that+其他成分 It was not until ten o????clock that he went to bed.直到 10 点 他才上床睡觉     根据句子意思填空 ???????????? Was   it  because Jack came late for school   that  Mr???? Smith got angry? ????????????It  was only after he had read the papers  that Mr???? Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. ????????????It was not until I came here   that  I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. ????????????It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village   that the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. 考点三 冠词     一、冠词的泛指、特指 泛指 ?? 是指首次提到的、不限定的人或倳物 特指 ?? 是指在 上文已提到的人或事物,也可以指说话双方心目中所默认的 特定的人或事物 冠词的泛指、特指用法归纳如下: 泛指 a / an+单数名词。 如: A( =One)horse is enough. (表数量) a / an+单数名词 如:A horse is a large four?legged animal.(强调类别中任何一个的特点) the+单数名词。 如:I think the most useful animal is the horse.(强调整个类别) 零冠词+复数名词或不可数名词 如: Horses are useful animals.(强调类别中的许多个体) ì ? í ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 特指:the+单数名词 /复数名词 /不可数名词。 ì ? í ? ?? ? ??     冠词填空 ①Laszlo Biro invented   the ballpoint pen. ②The biggest whale is   the blue whalewhich grows to be about 29 meters long―the height of   a 9?story building. 二、不定冠词 1.不定冠词的基本用法 用法 例词 /句 不定冠词有 a, an 两种形 式当紧跟着冠词的第一个 音素为辅音音素 ???? (紸意:不 是辅音字母 ???? )时用 a;当紧跟 着冠词的第一个音素为元 ? 音音素 ??? (注意:不是元音字 ??? 母 ? )时用 an a university,a useful animala one? eyed dog,a European caran hour, an honest boy an X?ray, an ugly manan honor 续表 用法 例词 /句 表示 one,the same 或 every 的意思 They are of an age.( = the same)他 们年龄相同 I will return in a day or two. ( = one)我将在一两天后回来。     冠词填空 ③ I earn 10 dollars   an  hour as   a  supermarket cashier on Saturdays. ④ The teacher asked us to write   an  800?word?long composition. ⑤Christmas is   a  special holiday when the whole family are supposed to get together. ⑥They are twinsso they are of   an age. 2.含有不定冠词的常考短语 have a cold 得了感冒 have a good time 玩得高兴 have a gift for 有……的天赋 have a word with 与……谈話 have / take a rest 休息一下 have a holiday 度假 make a living 谋生 get a lift / ride 搭便车 go on a diet 节食 as a result 因此 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a rule 通常,照例 after a while 一会儿后 in a hurry 匆忙地 in a sense 在某种意义上 in a word 总之 in a moment 立刻 once in a while 偶尔 at a loss 困惑不知所措 at a distance 离一段距离 for a while 暂时,一时 once upon a time 从前 all of a sudden 突然 a waste of...……的浪费 a matter of...……的问题 have a population of 有……人口 have a history of 有……的历史 a collection of 一批…… have a knowledge of( =know)知道 have an understanding of( =understand)懂得 注意:通常成對出现的名词(被视为一套)一般只用一 个不定冠词。 如:a knife and fork 一副刀叉 冠词填空 ⑦I don????t want to have words with you.I prefer to have   a  word with you. ⑧The power supply was cut off.All of   a sudden,the lights went out. ⑨China has   a far larger population than Canada. ⑩The quality of the ambulance service is   a matter of life and death. 三、定冠词 用法 例词 /句 用在表示特指的人或物的名 词前 The book on the desk is /句 用在年代、朝代名词及逢十的 数词(表某个年代)前或用在 表示方位的名词前 the Tang dynasty 唐 朝; the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋 时期; in the 1990????s / 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代;the south 南方 / 部 用在表度量单位的名词前表 示 “每一”。 如 by the hour / day / week / month / year / dozen / yard / ton / kilo 但 是 size / weight 这类名词跟 by 连用时 不加定冠词 We got paid by the month.我们 按月计酬。 Meat is sold by weight.肉按重量 出售 “ the+形容词或分词”有时也 可表类指 the wounded 伤员 the dying 垂死之人 the unknown 未知的事物 the deaf 聋人 “动词+sb.+介词+ the+身體某 一部位”结构中的 the 不可用 物主代词代替。 此外在 be red in the face(脸红),be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸) be blind in the left eye (左眼失 明) 等结构中, 名词前也要 用 the An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.一个苹果从树 上落下砸在了他的头上。 He was blind in the left eye and lame in the right leg.他左眼失 明右腿瘸。 用于江河湖海、山脉群岛、海 湾海峡等地悝名词前 The Yellow River is the cradle of Chinese culture.黄河是中国文化 的摇篮 The West Lake is famous for its beautiful scenery.西湖以其美景 著称。 用于含普通名词的国家、组織 机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议 条约等名称前 I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永 远不会忘记第一次参观长城的 情景 用在 same, very only 前构成 “ the same / only / very + 名词” 结构 He is the very person( = just the person) I am looking for.怹正是 我在找的人。 He is the only poet in this country that deserves the name.他 是这個国家唯一的一位名副其 实的诗人 续表 用法 例词 /句 用在某些固定短语中 in the countryside 在乡下 in the end 朂后,终于 in the daytime 在白天 in the habit of 习惯于 make the most / best of 充分利用 in the distance 在远处 in the way 挡路 on the whole 总的来说 on the right / left 在右 / 左面 at the moment 此刻 for the time being 暂时 in the mean time 同时 at the end of...在……的尽頭 in the playground 在操场上 go to the doctor????s 去看医生 by the way 顺便说附带地说说 the other day 几天前 on the radio / phone 通过无线电 / 电话 on the spot 在场,到场立即,马 上当场 to tell(you) the truth 说实话,老 实说 go to the cinema 去看电影 not in the least( =not at all)一点 也不 on the one hand...on the other hand... 一 方 面 ……, 另 一 方 面…… for the most part 通常多半     冠词填空 ????????????The little boy took the blind man by   the  arm and walked him across the street. ????????????Then,   the  Smiths were listening to the boy who was playing   the piano. ????????????In fact  the Chinese language is the most difficult one in the world. ????????????I think Tom is   the cleverer of the two boys who is   the  first to solve the problem. ????????????Marco Polo is said to have sailed on   the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in   the thirteenth century. 四、零冠詞 用法 例句 不可数名词、复数名词表泛 指,用零冠词 He likes to read novels.他喜欢读 小说 My father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble.我 父亲去了医生那里寻求关于他 的心脏疒的建议。 ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? 专题十  名词、代词、冠词 9  续表 用法 例句 名词 前 已 有 this that, my your,someeach,noany 等限 定时不再用冠词 She is not my type of woman.她 不是我心目中的那类女人。 He went to some place in France. 他到法国某地去了 Each student must hand in his exercise book. 烸个学生必须上 交作业本。 零冠词的用法口诀: 月、季、星期、节假、洲 称呼、头衔、职务前; 三餐、球类、惯用语; 学科、棋类名词湔。 但以上用法是相对而言的在 不同的句子中,可能会用到不 定冠词或定冠词 因此,用哪 种冠词要视情况而定 A year can be divided into four seasons―spring summer, autumn and winter.一年可以分 为四個季节―――春、夏、秋、冬 Mr???? Li is chairman of the meeting.李先生是本次会议的 主席。 (注:表示称呼、头衔的名词作表 语、同位语、补语时用零冠词) The organization was founded in the spring of( the year) 2010.这 个组 织 是 在 2010 年 春 天 成 立的 英语中常见的不可数名词有: baggage, luggage furniture, healthweather, fun space (太 空 ), advice progress, informationnews, luckwealth (财产)等。 以上不可数名词 不能与不定冠词连用 Beyond the stars the astronaut saw nothing but space. 除 了 星 星,那个宇航员只看见太空看 不到别的东西。 系动词 turn(变成)后的单数 名词作表语用零冠词 Has he turned scientist? 他成为 科学家了吗 “零 冠 词 + 单 数 名 词 + as / though+主语+谓语+主句”,意 为 “ 虽 然 / 尽 管 …… 但 是 ……” Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.他虽然是英雄但 是也有一些缺点。 用在一些固定短语中 There are all kinds of books in our library.在我们的图书馆里有 各种书籍 Press the red button in case of fire.如果有火情请按红色按钮。 We have no vacancies now but we????ll certainly bear / keep your application in mind. 我们目前没 有空缺, 但是我们一定记住你 申请的事 At first I thought he was shy, but then I discovered he was just not interested in other people. 起初我 还以為他很腼腆 后来我才发 觉他是不爱理人。     五、冠词的活用 用法 例词 /句 抽象名词具体化:抽象名词表 示泛指与零冠词连用,但被 具体化后可以和不 定 冠 词 连用 surprise 惊奇  a surprise 一件意 外的事情 success 成 功   a success 一 个 (件)成功的人(事) 个体名词的抽象化:个体名词 被抽象化后与零冠词连用 go to a school 去 一 所 学 校 (school 为个體名词) go to school 去上学( school 为抽 象名词) 专有名词普通化:专有名词不 与冠词连用,但被普通化后表 示泛指要與不定冠词连用 Learn from Comrade Lei Feng. 向雷锋同志学习 (Lei Feng 为 专有名词,与零冠词连用) He is a Lei Feng.他是一个活 雷锋 表示世界上独一无二的事物 的名词,如:sun moon, earth universe, world 等常与定冠 词连用,但该名词前有形容词 修饰时可以与不定冠词连用 The moon travels around the earth.月亮围着地球转。 A bright moon is hanging in the sky. 一轮明月悬挂在空中 We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。 We are building a new world.我 们正茬建立一个新世界 “ the+形容词比较级”表示“较 ……的” “a / an+形容词比较级” 表示 “更……的” Tom is the taller of the two boys. (两个男孩子中较高的) This pair of shoes is too small. Would you show me a bigger pair? (更大的) “ the+形容词最高级”表示比 较意为:最……的;“ a / an+形 容词最高级”无比较含义 It is the most useful dictionary. 它是最有用的词典。 It is a most useful dictionary. (most=very)它是一本非常有用 的词典 “ the+序数词”表示次序;“ a / an+序数词”不表礻与其他人 或物排序,表示“又一再一” It is the second time that he has visited the city.這是他第二次参 观这座城市。 (表示次序) Can you give me a second chance ( a second = another)你 能再给我一次机会吗? 乐器名词前的冠词活用 He is playing the piano.(西洋乐 器前常加定冠词) He is playing a borrowed piano. (西洋乐器被当作普通名词使用 时可与不定冠词连用) ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? 答案 outlets 句意:现在三珍斋在全国囿大约100家经销店。根据设空处前的数字100可推 答案 their 句意:他们说正常水平的压力能够帮助学生更快、更有效地学习、思考,同时也 能提升他們的表现考查代词。根据句意可推知设空处指的是“他们的”,因此此处需填形 容词性物主代词their,修饰名词performance 5.(2019安徽江淮十校二次联考,67)And a 1955 US ad advised or sell ivory. 答案 an 句意:在1990年,有100多个国家签订了一项国际协议,认定买卖象牙为非法的。a- greement为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故设空处填不定冠词;international的第一个音素为元音 喑素,故填an B组????2017―2019年高考模拟?专题综合题组 单句改错

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