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一般过去时练习题
一般过去时练习题★清华大学★英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做. 官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授 50 年研究成果一般过去式练习题 一、 将下列动词变成过去式。 look_______ watch_______ like______ hope______ decide______ plan______ stop_______ carry______ study______ play______ stay______ let______ put_______ read_______ catch _____ teach_____ buy______ bring______ think ______ sit_____ write______ drive_______ ring______ sink______ run______ give_______ win _______ know ______ grow______ throw_______ draw _____ show_____ feel______ sleep_______ keep_____ sweep_____ meet_______ 二、 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I_______________ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday. 2. ― What day_____________ (be) it yesterday? ― It______________ (be) Friday. 3. He______________ (be) here half an hour ago. 4. We often____________ (play) games last term. 5. She_____________ (give) me a book a moment ago. 6. The girl___________ (get) up very early this morning. 7. They____________ (take) photos near the river an hour ago. 8. He (not watch) TV yesterday evening. 9. ― Why (be) the boy late for school? ― Because he (be) ill. 10. Mr Green (come) to visit me last night. 11. The teacher (agree) to our idea yesterday. 12. He said he (feel) terrible. 13. They (make) him work twelve hours a day last year. 14. I (see) him in the library two days ago. 15. She (write) her address on the blackboard ten minutes ago. 三、按要求改写下列各句。 1. I was at home this morning. (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答) at home this morning? , . 2. He did morning exercises in the morning. (改为否定句) He in the morning. 3. They had a big dinner yesterday. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)yesterday? , . 4. Mr Wang went to America by plane. (对划线部分提问) Mr Wang to America? 5. How did you like Shanghai? (改为同义句) Shanghai? 6.He practices the guitar every day.(用 yesterday 作时间状语改写 句子) He the guitar . 7. I had a good time in the park. (改为同义句) I in the park. 8. I came here five years ago. (对划线部分提问) you here? 9. I saw Jim a moment ago. (改为同义句) ? I saw Jim . 10. They moved to France because their father found a job there. (对划线部分提问) they to France? 11. I can't swim. (用 last year 作时间状语改写句子) I . 12. I went to see my uncle last Sunday. (改为否定句) I to see my uncle last Sunday. 13. Tom had an egg this morning. (对划线部分提问) What Tom this morning?149. like, yesterday, the, what, was, weather (连词成句) 四、选择填空。 1. ― What did your father do when he was in England? ― He in a car factory. A. work B. worked C. is working D. will work 2. ― he at this school last term? ― Yes, I think so. A. D study B. D study C. W study D. D studied 3. ― Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? ― John . A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is 4. There a lot of people at the street corner when the accident (事故) happened (发生). A. was B. were C. have been D. had 5. He turned off the lights and then . A. leaves B. left C. will leave D. is leavinga big dinner6. ― Hi, Kate. You look tired. What's the matter? ― I well last night. A. didn't sleep B. don't sleep C. haven't slept D. won't sleep 7. Jenny went into the room, took off his coat and down on a sofa. A. would sit B. was sitting C. sat D. had sat 8. Everyone there when the meeting began. A. was B. is C. are D. were 五、选择方框中所给动词并用其适当形式填空。cook, stay, say, tell, visit, come, think, take, be, eat Last Sunday it was snowy. Maria Cara 2 1 at home. Her cousin 3 to visit her. She came back from Beijing. SheMaria something about her vacation.&It was pretty good,& she said. Cara 4 the Palace Museum and the Great Wall. She 5a lot of photos. It was lunch time. Maria's parents decided to cook by themselves. Maria tomatoes and pepper (辣椒). After Cara 6 7 8 not at home. They noodles with some up the noodles, 9 theshe said slowly, “I think it is delicious!”But Maria food was too bad. She much pepper into i10 ,“Cara, thank you, but I put too★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授 50 年研究成果tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事 want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事try to do sth.试图做某事 help sb. (to) do sth.帮某人做某事 be busy with sth.忙于某事 spend money/time on(doing) sth.花费金钱/时间去做某事 hope to do sth./hope(that)…希望…… wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事 find sb. doing sth.发现某人正在做某事 remember to do sth.记得要去做某事 remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事 plan to do sth.计划做某事 take sb. some time/money to do sth.做某事花费某人时间/金钱 sb. pay(s) money for sth.某人在某物上花费金钱 sth. cost(s) sb. some money 某人在某物上花费金钱 like to do/doing sth.喜欢做某事 see/hear sb. do/doing sth.看见/听到某人干过/在干某事 decide to do sth.决定做某事 get sth. for sb.为某人弄到某物 would like to do sth 想要做某事 enjoy doing sth 享受做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 make sb do sth 使得某人做某事 let sb do sth 让某人做某事 help sb (to)do sth 帮助某人做某事 love/like doing sth 喜欢做某事 dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事 hate doing/to do sth 讨厌做某事 keep doing sth 保持一直做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 spend(time)doing sth 花时间做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 need to do sth 需要做某事Unit 1 What‘s your name? My I‘m Jenny name is Jenny. What‘s=What isI ?m =Is=name isWhat's his name? His name is Tony.What‘s her name? Unit 2 Is this your pencil? Is this my pen? Is that his book? Is that her eraser? Unit 3Her name is Gina.Yes,it is. No ,it isn‘t. Yes, it is. No,it isn‘t.Is this your sister? No,it isn‘t This is my friend. These are my friends. Is that your brother? Yes, it is. That is my brother. Unit 4 Where‘s the baseball? It‘s in the backpack. Where is my computer game? Where are your books? It‘s under the bed. Those are my brothers.They‘re on the chair.Where are his keys? They‘re on the dresser. Where are her keys? They are on the table. Unit 5 Do you have a TV? Yes ,I do. No,I don‘t Do they have a computer? Yes ,they do. No,I they don‘t Does he have a tennis racket? Yes ,he does. No,he doesn‘t Does she have a soccer ball? Yes ,she does. No,she doesn‘tDoes he have a ping-pong ball? Yes ,he does. No,he doesn‘t. Unit 6 Do you like salad? Yes, I do. No,I don't. Do they like French fries? Yes, they do. No,they don‘t. Does he like pears? Yes, he does. No ,he doesn‘t. I like oranges. Idon‘t like bananas. They like salad. They don‘t like broccoli. She likes bananas. Countable nouns Uncountable nouns hamburgers,strawberries salad,chicken tomatoes,eggs French fries,apples oranges,carrots bananas,pears Unit 7 How much is the red sweater? How much is this blue skirt? It‘s eight dollars. It‘s seven dollars. It‘s=It is broccoi ， ice cream ， She doesn‘t like ice cream. Uncountable nouns Countable nouns andHow much is that white bag?It‘s nine dollars. How much are these black pants? They‘re ten dollars. They ?re = They areHow much are those bule socks? They‘re three dollars. Unit 8 When is your birthday? My birthday is November 11th..When is Liu Ping‘s birthday? Her birthday is September 5th. Unit 9 comedy thriller action movie documentary Do you want to go to a movie? Does he want to go to a movie? doesn‘t. Does she want to go to amovie? What kind of movies do you like? comedies. Unit 10 Can you dance? Yes,I can./No ,I can‘t. Yes, she does./No,she doesn‘t. I like action movies and comedies thrillers action movies documentaries Yes, I do./No,I don‘t. Yes, he does ./ No,heUnit11 What time do you get up? I get up at six o‘clock.What time does he eat breakfast? o‘clock. What time does she go to school? o‘clock. Unit 12 What‘s your favorite subject?He eats breakfast at sevenShe goes to school at eightMy favorite subject is math.Wath his favorite subject? His favorite subject is art. Wath her favorite subject? Her favorite subject is P.E. Why do you like math? Because it‘s interesting. Why does he like art? Because it‘s fun. Why does she likeP.E.? Because it‘sexciting. 分享给你的朋友吧：? ? ? ? ?人人网 新浪微博 开心网 MSN QQ 空间53★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/清华大学英语教授 50 年研究成果江苏省连云港市 2010 年高中段学校招生统一文化考试英语试题 一、 单项选择 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项 1.My best friend Neil is ________ honest boy. You can believe him. A. a D./ 2.---I like red best. What about___________? ---My favourite colour is orange. It represents joy. A. you D.it 3.---__________ I have a ticket , please? ---Sorry,sir. All the tickets were sold out ten minutes ago. A. May D.Should 4.---Have you seen the film Alice in Wonderful? ---Yes. ____________ wonderful film it is! A. What D.How a B.What a C.How B.Need C.Must B.her C.him B. an C.the5.Liu Xiang came third ______ the 110-meter-hurdle race last month in Shanghai. A.in D.through 6.---Let‘s go hiking ___________ staying at home , shall we? ----A good idea. A. as well as D.in addition to 7.To _________ nature is to help ourselves , or we will be punished. A.protect D.pollute 8.Maybe the disaster can destroy our homes, but_______can destroy the love in our people. A.something D.nothing 9.The fire was completely ________ shortly afterwards with the help of the firemen. A.cut down D.floated away 10.---Mum, I‘m really ________ about the result of the exam. ---Cheer up. I believe you can be successful. B.put out C.give out B.everything C.anything B.prevent C.provide B.in order to C.instead of B.from C.acrossA.patient D.pleasedB.satisfiedC.unhappy11.---We can use QQ to communicate with each other online. ----Good. Will you you please show me ____________. A.which to use D.where to use it 12.---Would you like to have ___________ cake ? ----No, thanks. I‘ve had two. That‘s enough. A.other D.the other 13.---What‘s the news about ? ---________ entertainment stars gathered to attact donations for Yushu. A.A member of D.A number of 14.---I seem to be lost. Could you tell me ___________? ---Sure. You can take the No.3 bus to get there. A. where is the nearest hospital long it will take me to the airport C.how far is my trip to the Olympic Village can get to the National Museum 15.---Sorry, Frank. I‘m busy today. I can‘t go swimmming with D.how I B.how B.A kind of C.A packet of B.others C.another B. how to use it C.what to useyou. ---- _________. A. No problem D.Never mind 二、 完形填空 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) B.You‘re welcome C.That‘s all阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四 个选项中，选出最佳选项 Although it was autumn, the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet (西藏).Our legs were so heavy and cold that felt like big pieces of ice.Have you 17 16seen snowmen ridebicylces? That‘s what we looked like! Along the way children who were 19 we found it was so cold that our water bottles froze (结 冰).However, the lakes loooked wonderful. Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. She was in high spirt and I knew I didn‘t need to was hard work but as we 22 21 her.To climb the mountains us, we were surprised by the 20 like glass in the setting sun and 18 long wool coats stopped to look at us. In the lateview. We seemed to be able to see for miles, and we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds. After a while, we began going 23 the mountains. It was great fun especially asit slowly became much24.At the foot of the mountains,colourful butterflies flew around us and we saw many sheep eating green grass. Then we had to 25Our caps, gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts. In the early evening we stopped to 26 .We put upour tent and then we ate. Afte supper Wang Wei went to sleep but I stayed 27 .At midnight the sky became clearer and the 29 below the stars I thoughtstars grew brighter.As Iabout how far we had already travelled. We will reach Dali in Yunan Province soon, where our cousins will join us. We 16. A.we D.it 17. A.never 18. A.dressed in D.dressed up 19. A.morning D.night 20. A.shine D.shone 21. A.follow D.discover B.encourage C.remind B.shining C.shines B.afternoon C.evening B.ever B.put on C.even C.taken off D.yet 30 hardly wait to see them! B.you C.they22. A.looked at D.looked around 23. A.up D.into 24. A.colder D.wetter 25. A.charge D.change 26. A.make beds D.make money 27. A.alive D.awake 28. A.cloudy D.quiet 29. A.lie 30. A.may D.shallB.looked afterC.looked forB.downC.aroundB.drierC.warmerB.checkC.chaseB.make friendsC.make campB.aloneC.awayB.foggyC.noisyB.lied B.canC.lay C.mustD.laid三、阅读理解 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选 出最佳选项 (A) What‘s the most important thing for you to have in your life?Someboy mentions hard-work, others suggest knowledge, love and luck. If you arrange the 26 English letters alphabetically(按字母表的 顺序)and use numbers to represent each of them, for example, 1 for a, 2 for b, 3 for c…, you can change an English word into a number. So hard-work becomes 8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11=98, meaning 98 knowledge: 11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5=96, while love :12+15+22+5=54, and luck : 12+21+3+11=47, a small mark. None of these words can give one a full mark. What about money or prayer(祈祷)? They can‘t , either. Then what else? Don‘t be worried. You can always find an answer to a problem in your life, when you change your way of looking at things or doing things, or your attitude(态度).Yes, attitude is the word. See for yourself: attitude:1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100，a full mark. Different attitudes lead to different courses of life. Most times people hope for a better life. It is possible that one will have a change for the betterr after one has changed one‘s attitude. When you change your manner and became friendly towards others, you‘ll meet more smiling faces towards you.In the same way, if you take a positive(积极地)attitude towards failure(失败),you‘ll find it‘s also rewarding though it has caused you losses. 31.In the writer‘s opinion , what is the most important things in a person‘s life? A.Hard-work. C.Money. B.Knowledge. D.Attitude.32.According to the passage, if you meet with problems, the best way out is to ___________. A. ask for helpf from others your prayers to God C.change your attitude maths-solving methods 33.From the passage we can learn that ______________. A.diffrent attitudes come from different courses of life. B.mathematics can solve every problem easily in our daily life C.failure sometimes can bring you good if you take a positive attitude D.none of the English words except Dattitude‖ equals to 100 or more (B) Many years before the United States was founded(建立), Americans had already invented barbecues. But the first barbecues, in fact ,were the invention of the Taino Indians of D.try B.sayHaiti, who dried their meat on raised frames(架子)of sticks over fires. Spanish explorers spelled the Taino word as barbacoa, and as time passed, English settlers along the Atlantic coat had their own barbecues. One summer day in 1773, Benjamin Lynde, a citizen of Massachusetts, wrote in his diary, DF Bhack overset.‖ That is , on a bright and hot day he went to the Brownes to attedn a barbecue, and his carriage(马车)fell over. It shows that the barbecue had its social occasion by that time. Large animals would be roasted whole on frames over hot fires, and neighbours would be invited to dinner. In later centuries, as settlers moved to the west, the barbecue went along with it, reaching an especially large size in Texas, where a pit (坑)for fuels(燃料) such as tree branches might be over ten feet deep. Today , the barbecue grills(烧烤架)which are fueled by charcoal(木炭) or electricity are likely to be small and easy to move , and can cook only parts of an animal at a time, but people still have barbecues out of doors and always invite their neighbours or friends over. 34.Who invented the barbecues first in history? A.American people. C.Spanish explorers. B.Taino Indians. D.English settlers.35.The second paragraph mainly tells us that the barbecue_______________. A.is only held on a hot sunny day B.welcomes people who keep diaries C.is held both indoors and outdoors social occasion for over 200 years 36.The underlined expression D social occasion‖ can be best translated into______________. A.社交功能 会地位 B.社会福利 D.社会背景 EXCEPT C.社 D.has its37.The following are all the barbecue ways __________________.A. drying meat on raised frames of sticks over fires B. roasting a whole animal over a pit full of burning tree branches C.cooking parts of animals over fires on grills fueled by charcoal D.heating meat in the bright and hot daylight (C)A Solar-powered Plane---LowcarbonEarlier this month, a solar-powered (太阳能动力的)plane called Lowcarbon took off to the sky for the first time. It has passed an important test on the way to travel around the world. Lowcarbon took off from an airport in Switzerland(瑞士)at 45 km an hour. It slowly rose into the sky. DThere has never been an airplane so big, so light, using so little energy,‖ said Bertrand Piccard, a leader of the project. During the 90-minute flight, Lowcarbon did several turns. It climbs nearly 1.6 km above the countryside. Engineers plan to test a night flight in July. Then they will use the results of the tests to build a second plane. They plan to travel around the world in that plane in 2012. DWe want to fly it day and night with no fuel,‖ Piccard said. Piccard and pilot Andre Borschberg will take Lowcarbon around the world .They will make a few stops to change places and rest after a long time in the air----and to show off their aircraft. Lowcarbon flies at 70 kph on average(平均). That is faster than a bike and slower than a car. The pilots will keep it in the air for upto five days at a time.We Are One---DExpo Through My Eyes‖ Sharing offers you more happiness. To celebrate the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, China Daily invites you to share what you‘ve seen, heard and experienced at the 6-month international event or Expo-related stories in English. Whether you are an Expo volunteer, a reporter, or a tourist , we‘d like you to share with us your Expo experience, as seen through your eyes. So if you would liketo contribute(投稿)，please join us today in sharing the joy!Topic: 2010 Shanghai World Expo Language: English only Length: No more than 1,000 wordsContent: Stories with photos are necessary. Duration: May 1,2010---October 31,2010 Email-box: .cn Reward: In addition to the satisfaction of supporting our work, ---your stories will be published on China Daily‘ ---you will go in a lucky draw for a prize.38.Which of the following information about the plane Lowcarbon is NOT true? A. It can fly at 70 km an hour. solar Cpowered. C.It has passed a night-flight test. slower than a car. 39.Lowcarbon is a special plane because________________. A.it‘s made in Switzerlland travelled around the world C.it can do turns in the sky and light, but uses little enegy 40.The purpose of the second article is to________________. A.encourage us to visit Shanghai Expo to be volunteers for Shanghai Expo C.invite us to write stories about Shanghai Expo to get the lucky prize of Shanghai Expo 41.Your stories about the 2010 Shanghai Expo for China Daily___________. A.can be in Chinese need to have photos C.must be given by post D.should B.don‘t D.tell us B.ask us D.it‘s big B.it has D.It is B.It isbe handed in by e-mail (D) On a British Airways flight from Johannesburg, a middle-aged ,rich white South American lady found herself sitting next to a black man. She called the cabin stewardess(机舱乘务 员)over to complain about her seating. DWhat seems to be the problem, Madam?‖ asked the stewardess. DCan‘t you see?‖ she said. DYou‘ve sat me next to a black man. I can‘t possibly sit next to this kind of human. Find me another seat!‖ DPlease calm down, Madam,‖ the stewardess replied. DThe flight is very full today, but I‘ll tell you what I‘ll do---I Will go and check to see if we have any free seats in Club(商务 舱)or First Class.‖ The lady had an unfriendly look at the outraged(被激怒的)black man beside her. A few minutes later the stewardess returned and said to the lady with a self Csatisfied smile, DI‘m sorry, Madam, this Economy(经 济舱)is full, and Club is also full. However, we do have one seat in First Class.‖ The lady could not help looking at the people around her. But before she had a chance to get up or make any answer, thestewardess continued , D We seldom make this kind of upgrade(升 级),however, and I had to report it to the captain(机长).When the captain heard this,he said that it was not proper to make someone sit next to such an obnoxious(令人讨厌的)person.‖ Having said that, the stewardess turned to the black man sitting next to the lady, and said, DSo if you‘d like to get your things, sir, I have a seat ready for you…‖ At this time, the people around stood up and clapped their hands. The black man walked up to the front of the plane. That was an unforgettable flight for me, for I was the black man who had never flown First Class before. 42.Where did this story happen? A. At the booking office. Economy cabin. C.In the Club cabin. First Class cabin. 43.The black man was finally upgraded to the First Class cabin because _____________. A. the stewardess loved him was angry with the white lady C.the captain knew him white lady was too impolite D.the B. he D.In the B.In the44.What might be the correct order of the cabins from the front to the back on this plance? A.Club→Pilots‘ →Economy →First Class Pilots‘ →Club →Economy →First Class C. Club→Economy→ First Class→ Pilots‘ Pilots‘ → First Class →Club→ Economy 45.What can be the best title of this article? A. Flying First Class British Airways Flight C.Sitting Next to a Lady Unforgettable Free Flight 四、 词汇运用 (共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) D.An B.On a D. B.A. 根据句意和汉语提示，在空白处填入适当的单词 46.―I like this camera! Is it yours? ---Yes,I _____________(花费)1,200yuan on it last year. 47.---How often do you play badminton with your classmates? ---________(一次)a week. 48.―I am worrried I‘m getting fatter. ---You should eat _________(少)food and do more exercise. 49.Having many___________(帮手)makes a task easier. 50.Huaguo Mountain has become the ___________(象征)of Lianyungang.B. 根据对话意思和所给首字母，写出完整正确的单词 Susan: Where are you going , David? David: To Beijing? Susan: It‘s a long trip from here by bike. How long will it take you to (51)c_________it? David: About two years. Susan: How many (52)o______ you are making the trip? David: Five. Susan: (53)W_________are you making it? David: We are trying to collec some money. Susan: What will the money be used for? David: To a charity (54)c__________ Protecting the Red-Crowned Crane. Susan: That sounds great. Good (55) l____________ with your trip. David: Thanks. 五、 选词填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分) 从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空。 rise, come , choose , win the prize , beon , draw pictures, pay for, struggle with, at the beginning, be used to56.Time for Africa _______________as the 2010 World Cup song, hasn‘t it ? 57.---Jack, coffee or juice ? ---Juice, please. I _________________ drinking it. 58.If we don‘t reduce carbon emission(碳排放)to stop the temperature from ______, there will be more disasters. 59.---What a pity! The film ____________________ for one hour. ---It doesn‘t matter. We can see it next time. 60.Tony wants to know how much I_____________this new dictionary just now. 61.---Dad, I‘m very nervous because of the ______________ English competition. 62.----Herta Muller is great. She was the winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize for Literature. ----Yes. She‘s the 12th woman__________________. 63._________________ of 2010, a 3D film , Avatar was shown all over the world. 64.People in some parts of China_______________________ the serious rainstorms at present. 65.---What were the children doing over there? ----They ______________ to welcome the 41st World Earth Day. 六、 完成句子(共 6 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 6 分)在横线上填入所缺部分，使句子完整（注意：每空不止一个 单词） A.同义句改写 66.Nick was so tired that he couldn‘t walk any further. Nick was _____________________________ any further. 67.We can‘t finish the project on time unless you support us. The project can‘t be finished on time ______________________________. 68.Shall we watch the exciting ping-pong match together? ______________________________watch the exciting ping-pong match together? B.根据所给汉语和句子意思，用英语补全句子。 69.As we all know, waste water and gas ______________________(对……有不良影响)the environment. 70.A pair of pandas __________________(赠送)to Australia months ago, which represents the friendship between Australian and Chinese people. 71.---Do you often use Baidu ? ---Yes, it‘s one of ____________________________(最受欢迎 的)Internet search engines. 七、 任务型阅读(共 6 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 6 分) 请认真阅读下面短文，在短文后表格中的空白处填入适当的单词(注意：每空 1 个单词)。 Future and Today It is well known that everyone has his own dream as well as his own future. But do you know what future really is ? I have to say that future is now. That is to say we must treasure every minute now. If we want to have a bright future, we should know how important time is and use it well. There is an old English saying: DGain time, gain life.‖ Then what‘s time? Time is something that we can‘t see or touch, but we can feel it passing by. Time is always with us. When we are at table, when we play, time goes by unnoticeable. We always say DTime is money‖, but time is even more precious(珍贵的)than money, because when money is spent , we can earn it back. But if time is gone away, it will never return. So, some of us even say time is priceless(无价的). We should always remember: future is now. For us students, we should try our best to work hard in order to create a great future of our own. We should make the best use of every hour and be the master of today.We should do everything before us as well as possible. And never put off what can be done today till tomorrow. As we all know , DTime and tide wait for no man.‖ If youwaste today, you will regret tomorrow. So from now on, work hard. Tomorrow will be better, and your future will be brighter .Remember: DNo pains, no gains.‖ Today‘s hard work is the cause of tomorrow‘s harvest. Title: Future and Today Opinions Supporting details Everyone has his own dream as well as his own Future is now. future. If we want to have a bright future, we should know the (72) make every minute(73) of time and .Time is money, but time is even more valuable (74) priceless. is than money, because when money is spent , we can earn it back. But (75) return no more. Today‘s hard work (76) Be masters of today to tomorrow‘s time willharvest. As students, we should never put off what can be done today till tomorrow and we should try our (77) to do everything well.八、 书面表达（满分 18 分） 实施规范办学以后，学生自主学习的时间多了。假设学校英 语俱乐部委托你做一项关于“实施规范办学以后，学生怎样利用双休日”的问卷调查，请根据下列图表中的调查数据， 以“A Report on Weekend Activities‖ 为题，用英语写一篇短 文，简单介绍调查情况并发表自己的看法（至少两点） 。注意： 1.短文应包括所给内容要点， 可适当发挥， 使文章连贯； 2.词数 100 左右，短文开头已给出，不计总词数； 3.文中不得提及考生所在的学校及自己的姓名； 4.参考词汇：对……做调查： do an investigation on… A Report on WeekendActivities Since the regular school- running policy was performed, the students now have more free time on Saturday and Sundays. So the English Club in our school invited me to英语试题参考答案及评分建议 一、单项选择 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 1~5 BAABA 6~10 CADBC 11~15BCDDD二、完形填空 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 16~20 CBABD 21~25 BDBCD 26~30 CDDCB三、阅读理解 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 31~33DCC 38~41CDCD 四、词汇运用 46．Spent 50.symbol 51.complete 55.luck 五、选词填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分) 52.of 53.Why 54.called 34~37 BDAD 42~45BDDA (共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 47.Once 48.less 49.helpers56.has been chosen 59.has been on 61.coming 63.At the beginning 64.are struggling with57.am used to58.rising60.paid for 62.to win /winning the prize65.were drawing pictures六、完成句子(共 6 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 6 分) 66.too tired to walk support us/ without your support 68.Why not/ Why don‘t we bad effects on 70.was given / donated 71.the most popular 69.have a bad effect / 67. if you don‘t七、任务型阅读(共 6 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 6 分) 72. importance/ value 74.Time 75.lost /missing/ past 77.best 八、书面表达（满分 18 分） A Report on Weekend Activities Since the regular school- running policy was performed, the students now have more free time on Saturday and Sundays. So the English Club in our school invited me to do an investigation 76.leads/ contributes 73.useful/ valuableon how the students spend their weekends. I find that almost halfof the students study by themselves at home.About 25% of them prefer to watch TV or listen to music. 20% of them like to chat onlinne or play computer games, while 10% of them of tehn help their parents do housework. Only a small number of them go in for sports or travelling. In my opinion, all of us students should have a proper plan for our weekends. We should make good use of our time, learning more knowledge, developing our interests,...We should also learn to relax, but I don‘t think it‘s a good idea to spend too much time watching TV , chatting online or playing computer games.(124 words)★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授 50 年研究成果八年级下复习资料 ◆unit 1 Will people have robots? 目标语言：Make predictions 重点句型：People won‘t use money. Everything will be free.Books will only be on computers, not on paper. Kids won‘t go to school. They‘ll study at home on computer. There will only be one country. People will live to be 200 years old. Will people use money in 100 years? No, they won‘t. There will be more people. There will be less free time. There will be fewer cars. There will be less pollution. There will be fewer trees. I agree. What do you think Sally will be in five years? I think she will be a doctor. Where do you live? I live in an apartment. 知识点： 1． 形容词，副词的比较等级考查热点透视：a) 表示 A 与 B 在程度上相同时， “as+形容词或副词的原 级+as”结构。表示 A 不如 B 时，可用“not as/so+形容词 或副词的原级+as”结构。 b) 表示 A 比 B 在程度上“更…..”时，可用“形容词或副词 的比较级+than‖结构c) 表示三者或三者以上的比较，其中一个在程度上“最…..‖ 时，常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构，后面可带 “of/in 的短语”来说明比较的范围。 （注意：副词的最高 级在句中常省略“the‖.） d) 在形容词或副词的比较级前，可以用“a little, even, far, much,still‖的等词语来修饰，以加强语气。 e) 表示 “越来越….‖时， “形容词或副词的比较级+and+ 常用 形容词或副词的比较级”结构，但要注意，对于多音节和 部分双音节形容词，副词而言，若要表达此意时，要用 “more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。 f) 在表示 “其中最….之一 “的含义时， 常使用 “one of+the+ 形容词最高级形式+名词复数”结构，其中的定冠词 the 不可以省略。 g) 如果强调“两者中比较…的（一个） ”的意思时，可使用 “the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。 h) 表示 “越….越….‖, 可使用 “the+形容词或副词的比较级， the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。 2． 几个相似的“It 句型”a) It‘s +adj.+ that 从句：在该句型中，it 代替 that 从句，形 容词用来说明 that 从句内容的性质。如，It‘s polite that you always give seats to the elderly on the bus. b) It‘s +adj.+to do sth.在该句型中， 代替 to do sth 的内容， it形容词用来说明 to do sth 的性质。如，It‘s useful to remember lots of words before the exams. c) It‘s +adj.+for sb. to do sth.在该句型中，it 代替 to do sth 的内容，形容词用来强调 to do sth 就 sb 而言的性质（常 见的形容词有 possible, important, necessary, difficult） d) It‘s +adj.+of sb. to do sth.在该句型中，it 代替 to do sth. 的内容， 形容词用来强调 of 后所接宾语本身的性质 （常见 的形容词有 kind, rude, clever, foolish, polite）. 3.一般将来时 a) 一般将来时的构成：由助动词 shall 或 will 加动词原形构成， shall 用于第一人称。在口语中，will 在名词或代词后常简略 为‘ll， will not 常简略为 won‘t。这个时态的肯定，否定和疑 问结构可表示如下： 肯定句 I (We)shall(will) go. You(He, She, They) will go. 否定句 I(We)shall(will) not go. You(He, She, They)will not go. 用‖be going to +动词原形‖也可表示将来时， 表示将要发生的事， 打算或决定要做的事。 I think it is going to snow.我看要下雪。 疑问句 Shall I(we) go? Will you (he, she, they) go?b)一般将来时的用法：1）表示将要发生的动作或情况；2） 不 以人的意志为转移，肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。 4. in/after:in 是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后” 。也可 以表示“在将来多少时间之内” ，句子中的谓语动词要用一般将 来时态；after 常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后” ，所以 它与过去时态连用。 after 指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后， 当 或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时， 它可以与将来时 态连用。 5.more, less, fewer 的用法区别：more 为 many, much 的比较级， 意为 “更多” 可修饰可数与不可数名词。 ， Less 是 little 的比较级， 意为“更好，较少” ，修饰不可数名词。Fewer 是 few 的比较级， 意为“更少” ，修饰可数名词复数。 【注意】few, little 表示否定“几乎没有” few, a little 表示肯定 。a “一点，几个” 。如， Because he often stays at home, he has few friends. 6.there be 与 have 的区别：1）含义不同。there be 表示的是“某 地（时）有某人（物），强调“存在关系” ” 。Have 则表示“某人 （物）所有” ，强调“所属关系” 。如， There is a bus in your factory.（公共汽车不一定属于我们厂所有） Our factory has a bus.（公共汽车属于我们厂所有） 2） 句型不同。 there be 句型为 “There be +某人 （物） +某时 （地）； ”have 句型为“某人（物）+have(has)+某物（人） 。如 There isn‘t a cat under the chair. She doesn‘t have two brothers. 3)当表示某物的构成和组成部分时，用 there be 和 have 均可。 如，Our school has sixty classes.= There are sixty classes in our school.我们学校有 60 个班。 【注意】there be 句型中有两个或多个并列主语时，须根据就近 原则， 与最靠近的主语在数上保持一致。 There are two eggs be 如， and a cup of milk on the table. There be 句型的将来时表达方式:肯定：There will be…否定： There won‘t be…一般疑问句： there be….? Yes, there will. No, Will there won‘t. 7. be worth doing 值得； worthy of doing, be worthy to do 值得 be 8．Seem 的用法：1)seem to do 似乎…He seems to think so.2)It seems that 看来…It seems that he is lying. 3) seem +adj./n.好象 是… He seems ill. 9.would like sth 意思为“想要某物“； would like to do 意思为” 想要做某事“。回答 would like 句型的一般疑问句时，其肯定回 答为 DYes, please.‖;否定回答“No, thanks‖或 DI‘d like /love to, but….‖ 10.make sb. make +n+adj.; make friends with sb.; make +n./ pron.+n. 11. Such 作形容词，意思是“如此的” “这样的” ，修饰各种名词。? Such 这样的。如 It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。 ? Such 常和 as 搭配， 表示一种类别。 We enjoy such a voice as 如 hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。 ? Such 常和表示结果的 that 从句搭配， “如此….以至于…‖ 表示 如 It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home. ? Such…that…和 so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。 由于 such 是形容词，所以 that 从句前有一个受 such 修饰的 名词；而 so 是副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，因此 that 从 句前一般不出现名词。如 They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them. The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it. a) 如果名词是可数名词的单数形式，such 和 so 的位置不同： such+a/an+形容词+单数名词 so+形容词+a/an+单数名词 b) 如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数，只可用 such,不能用 so.: such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词 c) 如果被修饰的不可数名词被 much, little, 或复数名词被 many, few 等表示量的形容词修饰时，用 so，不用 such. d) 当 little 表示“年纪小的”时，可用 such+little+名词 There were such little children that they couldn‘t clean the room.12. people, person, folks, human: people 人们 “ “全体； person “人” （不分年龄， 性别它包括 men, women, children.它可做 people 的 单数形式可以说 every person 但不能说 one people. Person 指 “人 们”时着重个体；folks“人们” ，指一般人或特殊年龄位置，境 遇等特殊级的人；human 主要用来区别于其他动物。 13．be able to 为“能，会” ，表示能力，在这个意义上与 can 的 意思相同，一般情况下两者可以互换，但 can 只有现在式和过去 式（could）而 be able to 则用于更多的时态，主要体现在 be 的 变化。两者在用法上有一些差异：can （could）表示主观能力 不表示意愿， 它的将来时用 will be able to 而 be able to 表示主观 意愿强调克服困难做某事。 14．Fee-fed-fed. Feed sth to sb 把…食物给…;feed sb on sth 15 可数名词复数的构成有如下规则： ①一般加-s，如：desk→desks ② s, x, ch, sh 结尾加-es，如：bus→buses, watch→watches ③以 f, fe 结尾，改 f, fe 为 v，再加-es，如：leaf→leaves ④以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，改 y 为 i，再加-es，如 city→ cities ⑤以“辅音字母＋o”结尾，加-es，如：tomato →tomatoes ⑥一般复合名词，只将主体名词变复数，如： boy student →boy students ⑦以 man, woman 开头和结尾的复合名词，规则不同：Frenchman→Frenchmen, woman teacher→women teachers ⑧不规则变化： foot→feet, child→children 单、复数同形的情况：sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese （中国人） 只有复数形式的情况： people, clothes, trousers 需要背诵的是：第 6 页的 3a◆unit 2 What should I do? 目标语言： talk about problems and give advice 重点句型：P10-1a;P11-2a and 2b; P12-3a ,3b and 4;P13-1a and2a 需要背诵的是第 12 页的 3a 和第 14 页的 3a 知识点： 1． argue with sb about sth.与某人辩论某事2..loud 是形容词,loud-louder-loudest 意思是“响亮的” ；作副词 时，常与 talk, sing, laugh 等词连用，如 loudly D大声 地‖带有喧闹的意味，常用来修饰 shout, cry, call, knock 等动词， 通常没有比较级和最高级，作状语；aloud 副词，出声地，大声 地，仅指发出声音（以使能被听得见） 。 3．Enough 为形容词，意思是“足够的” ；enough +n.修饰名词 adj/adv+enough 修饰形容词或副词； enough to do 足够做某事4．call sb up 给某人打电话 = write sb a letter= write a letter to sb. 给某人写信；write to sb 写给某人；get/receive a letter from sb.收到某人的来信 5．give sb sth=give sth to sb 把某物给某人。当 sb. sth 都为代词 时只能用 give sth to sb 6．present, gift 礼物：gift 带有一定的感情色彩，通常指昂贵的 “礼物” ，强调送礼人的诚意，有时有“捐赠”之意，多用于正 式场合；present 指为表达情谊，敬意或出于礼节，在某特定时 刻或场合赠送的 “礼物” 此礼物价值不一定高。 ， make sb a present of 把…作为礼物送给 7．borrow, lend: borrow“借入，借给”即说话人向他人借东西 borrow sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent“借出，借给”即说话人把自 己的东西借给他人 lend sb sth= lend sth to sb 8. join sb in doing sth 与…一起（做某事） ； join…to …把…和…连接起来 9 except，besides 除…之外: except 除了…都，besides 强调“除 了…之外还有…‖在 no one, nobody, nothing 等词后加介词 but 也 表示“除了” 。 10．find out, find, look for: find out“找出，发现，查明”多指通 过调查，询问，打听，研究之后搞清楚，弄明白或指找出较难找 到的，无形的抽象的东西；find“找到，发现”通常指找到或发现有形的东西也可指偶然发现某物的某种情况，强调找的结果； look for“寻找”强调动作。 11．talk about 谈到，谈论；talk of 谈到，说到；have a talk with 与..谈谈，做报告；talk to sb 对…谈话；talk with sb 与…交谈； talk to sb 和 talk with sb 均表示“和某人谈话”“讲话” ， 。talk to sb 比较常用，侧重一方谈，一方听；talk with sb 侧重双方交谈； talk about sb 则表示“谈论某人” 12．miss 和 lose:miss 意思为“发现丢失” “觉得不在” ；lose 意 思为“丢失” “失去” 。在本质上，miss 是一种主观感觉，而 lose 是一种客观结果。 13．be used to doing 习惯于做某事；used to do 过去常常，暗含 与现在明显的不同，只用于过去时；be used to do 是 use 的被动 语态，意思是….被用来做某事。 14．own 与 have: own 强调的是拥有，占有某物为自己的财产， 但所占有的东西目前不一定是由人使用， 强调所有权； have 为普 通动词，表示的所有关系。own +n. egWho owns the dog? ；own +宾语+宾补 eg. He owns himself wrong.； own+从句 eg. He owns that he is wrong. ；of one‘s own 完全属于某人自己的；on one‘s own 独立地，自愿地；with one‘s own ears 亲耳 15. attend, join, take part in: attend“出席，参加，上学”attend school 上学，attend meeting 出席会议；take part in 参加，是指 参与某项活动 take an active part in 积极参加； join 参加， join 当用于加入某个团体或组织，成为其中的一员，后面直接跟名词， 当 join 表示参加某项活动时后面跟介词 in .◆unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 目标语言：talk about past events and tell a story 重点句型：P19-2b, P20-4,P21-1, 要求背诵的是 P20-3a, P22-3 知识点： 1． 过去进行时a) 过去进行时由“was/were+动词 ing 形式”构成。以动词 work 为列，其肯定式，否定式，疑问式以及简略答语见下 表： 肯定式：I/He/She/It was working. We/You/ They were working. 否定式：I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working. 疑问式和简略答语：Was I working? Yes, you were. Was he working? No, he wasn‘t. 【注意】was not 常简略为 wasn‘t; were not 常简略为 weren‘t b) 过去进行时的用法：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一 段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上， 下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语来表示2．not …until 直到…才。表示动作在某时之前尚未开始，直到此时动作才开始。not…until 可以用 after 或 when 来代替， 但主句谓语动词要用肯定形式。Until 为连词时后接时间状语 从句，until 作介词时，后面接表示时间的名词。Until 用于肯 定句多表示动作或状态一直延续到 until 所表示的时间为止， 意思为“直到…‖ from..till…中 till 往往表示不太具体的时间。 From …to…或 from…until 常用来表示具体的时间。 3． find it…to do，it 在此句中为形式宾语代表动词不定式，动词不定式为真正的宾语， 常用于这种用法的动词有 find, feel, think, make 等。 4． “疑问词+不定式“结构相当于一个名词性从句，常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写时，只需在疑问词后面加一个 适当的主语（这个主语一般与主句的主语一致） ，并将不定式 改成适当形式的谓语即可。 Where to go is still a question.= 如， Where we should go is still a question. 5． alien 和 foreigner “外国人” ：alien 指住在一个国家，但不是该国公民的人， 即侨民； foreigner 指生于或来自他国者尤 其指有不同语言，文化的人。 6． when 与 while:when 连接的状语从句是个特殊句型， “前一个分句（谓语动词用过去进行时）+when(作并列连词，意 思为“这时，突然”)+后一个分句（谓语动词用一般过去时） ” 表示在前一个动作正在进行的过程中突然发生了后一个动作， when 强调动作的突然性，when 后面的动词为非延续性 动词；while 表示“在….过程中” ，强调在一段时间内，所以 while 引导的从句中的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。在状语从 句中，若从句放在句首时，应用逗号与主句隔开。 7． 感叹句的构成：What +a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语！What a good book it is! What+形容词+复数可数名词+主语+谓语！ What easy questions they are! What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！What cold weather it is! How+形容词+主语+be 动词！How nice the watch is! How +副词+主语+谓语！How hard they are working! 8.take place, happen“发生” ：take place 指“发生事先计划或预 想到的事物” ；happen 指“一切客观事情或情况的偶然或未能预 见地发生” 。两者都是不及物动词或短语，后面不能跟宾语，也 不能用于被动语态；happen 的意义很广泛，而 take place 仅用 于历史上的事件，集会等，是先行布置而后发生或举行的事件， 它不用于地震等自然界的现象。 happen to do 巧遇 sth happens to sb 某人遭遇某事 9．不定代词 all, both, each,every 与 not 连用时，只表示部分否 定，在否定句中用 and 连接两个宾语，表语，定语，状语时，只表示部分否定，并且否定 and 后面的部分；如用 or 连接句中两 个部分， 则表示全部否定。 She isn‘t a bright and beautiful girl. 如， 她并不是一个既聪明又漂亮的女孩。 （部分否定） She isn‘t a bright or beautiful girl.她是一个既不聪明又不漂亮的女孩。全部 （ 否定） 10. remember, recall, remind：remember 指“过去的事情仍在记 忆中，不必费劲就能想起。；recall 比 remember 正式，指“对 ” 自己或他人的过去进行有意的回忆。；remind 指“由于受到提 ” 醒或启发而想起往事。 11． hospital, in the hospital: in hospital 指某人生病住院； the in in hospital 可以指某人在医院里工作。◆unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 目标语言：report what someone said 重点句型：P27-2a,2b 要求背诵的是 P30-3a 知识点： 1． 在称述句中直接引语和间接引语的转换：a) 直接引语：说话人直接引用别人的原话。 b) 间接引语：说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。 c) 直接引语一般前后要加引号；间接引语不用引号。 d) 规则：1）人称变化：从句中的第一人称多改为第三人称；第二人称根据情况改为第一或第三人称；第三人称不变。 2）时态变化：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接 引语变为间接引语时从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做以 下变化： e) 直接引语 一般现在时 间接引语 一般过去时（客观真理除 外） 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去将来时 过去进行时如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，直接引语变为间接引语 时，从句的动词时态保持不变；直接引语如果是客观真理变 为间接引语时，时态保持不变。3）其他指示代词，时间状语， 地点状语和动词等的变化。直接引语中的一些指示代词，时 间状语和地点状语须作相应的变化：直接引语 指示 代词 this 这 these 这些间接引语 that 那 those 那些语状间时now 现在then 那时today 今天 tonight 今晚that day 那天 that night 那天晚上 that week 那个星期 the day before 前一天 the week before 前一 个星期this week 这星期 yesterday 昨天 last week 上星期ago 以前 tomorrow 明天before 以前 the next/following day 第二天next week 下星期the next week 第二个 星期地点 状语 动词here 这里there那里come 来go 去【注意】1）直接引语中的时间状语根据实际情况转述为间接 引语时，有时不需要改变，如 tomorrow。如果转述的动作发 生在当天，无需改变；如果转述的动作不在当天，则需将 tomorrow 变为 the next day. 2.habit, practice, custom: habit 指“个人由于自然条件，社会环 境，爱好或经常接触而导致可以为常的行为或特性” ；practice 语气比 habit 弱，指“个人或大家都习惯了的做法或工作与生活 的方式。；custom 指“经过一段时期在某人，地区或社会中形 ”成的传统习惯或风俗。 ” 3． bring, take, fetch, get, carry: bring 指 “从别处把东西或人带来” “拿来” ，表示将人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的位置的这个动 作；take 指“把东西带走或拿走” ，表示将人或物拿开或带离说 话者所在的位置的这个动作；fetch 指“到别处去把某人或某物 带来或拿来” ；get 是常用词，多用于口语，与 fetch 同义；carry 指“随身携带（不说明方向）有时含有 “负担”的意思。 4．Surprise 用法：1）surprise 作名词，表示“惊奇，诧异” ；2） surprise 作几物动词 （后接某人作宾语） “使…惊奇” surprise 表示 ； 的过去分词作表语， “感到惊奇” to one‘s surprise 表示 表示 ； “使… 吃惊的是” ；be surprised at sth/sb 表示“对…感到惊奇” 。 5．however 与 but:两者均可作“但是，然而” ，而且都引出并列 分句。从语义上看，but 所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意 味较 however 要强；从语法上看，but 是并列连词，而 however 却是连接副词；从语序上看，but 总是位于所引出的分句前，而 however 却可位于句首，句中和句末，但是译成汉语时一定要把 它放在分句之首；从标点符号上看，but 之后一般不使用逗号， 而 however 则必须用逗号分开。However 当连词用时， “无论以 何种方式，不管怎样” ，引导让步状语从句。 6．at, in 与 on: 这些用在表示时间方面的瓷前，使用时有一定的 规律。1）at 表示在某个时间点或某些节日或用于一些习惯用法 中；2）in 表示在某个时间段，可指在一天的某部分或较长时间（如上午，下午，晚上） ，月份，季节，年份，世纪，人生的某 个时间，或比表示某事再过多久将要发生。 ；3）on 表示在具体 的几月几号，星期几或生日，节日或在某一具体日子的上午，下 午，晚上。 7．first, at first 与 first of all：1）first 可以做副词，意思是“首 先，第一次，最初地” ，指第一次做某事或首先做某事，first 还 可以用作形容词，意思是“第一的，最初的，主要的，一流的” ， first 作名词，意思是“首要，第一，最初”2）at first 的意思是 “起初，当初” ，指刚刚开始做某事的时候，暗示后来的情况有 所改变 3）first of all 的意思是“第一，最初，首先” ，同 first 的 用法相同，但语气上比 first 要强，常常用来加强语气。 8．true, real: true 意思为“真的” “真正的” ，强调与实际相符， 而不是杜撰的，它与 real 相对。与 to 连用，意思是“忠实的” ， true 用作名词，与定冠词 the 连用，表示“真实，真理”等；real 无此意。Real 是形容词，强调客观存在的“真实” “实在” ，不是 想象的。 9．above, on,over:三者都有“在…上”之意。1）on 表示两者上 下紧贴在一起 2）over 表示一种直接的垂直概念，但没有上下紧 贴的意思，反义词为 under.3)above 既不表示垂直的上下概念， 也无相互紧贴的意思，反义词是 below.◆unit5 If you go to the party, you‘ll have a great time.目标语言：talk about consequences 重点句型：P34-1a,P35-2b,P36-3a,P37-2b 要求背诵的是 P36-3a 知识点： 1． If 引导的条件状语从句：1）构成：if 引导的条件状语从句表示“如果…” 。构成形式为“主句+一般将来时时态+if 从句 +一般现在时态” ，或“If 从句+一般现在时态，主句+一般将 来时态” 。2）用法：表示假设或条件 2． half 与 half of 的用法：1）half the class 中的“half”为形容词，意思“一半的，半个的”2） Dhalf of+代词/the+名 词‖中的 half 为名词，意思为“一半，半个” 。当该结构在句 子作主语时，谓语动词必须和该词组中的代词或名词保持数 的一致。即当代词或名词为单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单 数形式；若所接名词或代词为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。 3. all the time 与 always: all the time 是个副词性的短语，意思为 “一直” “始终” ，表示某一特定阶段开始一直到结束，不表示频 度，多置于句末。除此，all the time 还有“不断”的意思；always 为表示频度的副词，意思为“总是” ，表示动作的反复，状态的 继续，中间没有间断，其反义词为 never。它与进行时态连用时， 常翻译成“总是”“老是” ， ，带有赞美，厌烦，不满等感情色彩。 4．Enough 的用法：1）enough to do sth 表示“足够…可以 做…‖2)enough 也可以用 “for+宾语+to do sth 的结构” enough 3）修饰名词时前面不用冠词 4）当主语是代词时，enough 可以作表 语。当主语是名词时，enough 不能做表语。 5．Choose 的用法：1）choose+名词 意思为“选择…” ；2） choose+between/from 从…中选择；3）choose to do 选择做某事 6．Exercise 的用法：1)运动，锻炼，是不可数名词 2）体操，练 习，是可数名词。3）动词，使….运动 7．wear, put on, have on, dress: wear“穿着” “戴着” ，表示状态， 是延续性动词，一般现在时表示经常状态，现在进行时表示暂时 状态；put on“穿上” “戴上” ，表示动作，是非延续性动词；have on“穿着” “戴着” ，表示状态可以与 wear 互换；dress“穿上” “穿着” ，既表示状态，也表示动作，既可以作及物动词，也可 以作不及物动词。 Dress 作及物动词， 表示 “给自己或别人穿 （衣 服）， ” 宾语是人， 常用被动语态。 dress oneself 给。 穿衣服。 。 dress up 化装 8．a lot, a lot of 与 lots of 三者都有“许多，很多”的意思。a lot of, lots of 一般用于肯定句，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词；a lot 作名词时=a lot of thins,作副词，修饰动词或形容词，副词比 较级。◆unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 目标语言：talk about how long you have been doing things 重点句型：P44-1c,P45-2a,P47-1b,P48-4a要求背诵的是 P46-3a,P48-3a,P49-2 知识点： 1．现在完成时的意义：1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成 的影响或结果。常用的时间状语有 already, yet,ever, never, just 等 2）表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常常和 表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的表示一段时间的状语有：for+ 一段时间， since+时间点。 We have learned English for 4 years. 如， Miss Zhao has been at this school since2002.2）构成形式：助动词 have/has+动词的过去分词 3） a.It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分， 用现在 完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. b.This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。词构成：注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表 示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 2.怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时现在让我们来比较一 下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时，关键在 于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解， 因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。 现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基 本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某 一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点， 所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性 乃至感情色彩。 现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单 的比较： （1）现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产 生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是 最后的结果。如： We have been cleaning the classroom．（a） We have cleaned the classroom．（b） （a）句可译为D我们打扫教室来着。‖其直接结果可能是： 我们身上都是灰。（b）句可以译为D我们把教室打扫过了。‖其 结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。又，（a）句表示教室刚 刚打扫过，（b）句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。 Be careful! John has been painting the door．（a） John has painted the door．（b） （a）句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过，现在油漆还未干，所以 你要小心。（b）句则无此含义，油漆可能已干了。（2）现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。 如： They have been widening the road．（a） They have widened the road．（b） （a）句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。（b）句的 意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性（如一些属于持续 体的动词），但无临时性质。如： Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978．（a） Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979．（b） （a）句有D史密斯先生在伦敦久居‖的含义， （b）句则没有。 （3）但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质，如： My moth! er has been teaching English for twenty years． （a） My mother has taught English for twenty years.（b） （a）句在此并无临时性质，但较口语化。（b）句则较为正 式。又，（a）句表示动作现在仍在继续．并将延续下去，（b） 句的动作是否延续下去，须由上下文决定，但在一般情况下都是 延续下去的。 （4）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则 常常不带重复性。如： Have you been meeting her lately？（a） Have you met her lately？（b）（a）句有D经常相会‖之意，（b）句则没有。（b）句如与 often，every day 等时间状语连用，当然也表示动作在重复。 （5）现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩， 而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实， 一种影响或结果， 平铺直叙， 没有什么感情色彩可言。如： What have you been doing？（a） What have you done？（b） （a）句表示惊异。（b）句只是一个问题。 Have you been waiting long？（a） Have you waited long？（b） （a）句较（b）句生动。又，（a）句比较口语化。 I have been wanting to meet you for long．（a） I have long wanted to meet you．（b） （a）句比（b）句更亲切，更有礼貌。 Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly．（a） Recently Mary has done her work regularly．（b） （a）句显然是在表扬玛丽。（b）只说明一个事实。 下面还有一例，颇为有趣: Who's been eating my apples？（a） Who's eaten my apples？（b） （a）句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满，（b）句只是希 望回答的一个问题。又，（a）句兼有进行时态，所以有D苹果未被全部吃光‖的意思，（b）句是完成时态，说明D苹果一个不剩 了‖。 3.现在完成进行时的含义：表示过去某一时间开始到现在经常重 复的动作。 现在完成进行时的构成：助动词 have/has been+v.ing 形式。当 主语为第三人称单数十，助动词用 has,其他人称用 have. 现在完成进行时的用法： 主要表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在 进行的一个动作，这个动作可能仍然在进行，也可能停止了一会 儿。 4。for 的用法：1）在回答 How long…?的问句时，for 表示所指 时间或距离的全部， 在这个含义上与表示 “特定期间中某个长度” 的 during 不同。2）可以用在过去时，现在时，将来时中，但是 若表示持续进行到现在为止时，则不能用现在时，而要用现在完 成时。如，I have known him for years.我认识他很多年了。3）表 示某事物在所述时间要发生。 如， The next meeting was arranged for the fifth of June.下次会议定为 6 月 5 日举行。 5．since 用法：1）conj.自…以后；自从，后接从句表示以过去 的某个时间为起点，持续到现在或过去的某个时候。Since 之后 可以接过去时的句子，也可以接表示过去的时间点。如，I have been at his bedside since he became ill.自从他生病以来我一直在 他床边陪伴着他。2）prep.自…来，从…(至今)如，I have been in this business since 1980.自从 1980 年以来， 我一直经营这个生意。【注意】since 除了可以与现在完成时连用外，还可以与过去完 成时，现在完成进行时连用。 【扩展】since, for 都可以与完成时态连用。Since 用来说明动作 的起始时间，而 for 用来说明动作延续时间，因此，since 后跟表 示某一时间点的名词短语， 后面跟表示一段时间的名词短语。 for 6．each 的用法：1）adj.各个的，各自的，每一个的。置于单数 可数名词之前。如，Each car has a steering wheel.每辆汽车都有 方向盘。2）pron.各个，各自。谓语动词用单数形式。如，Each has his own task.每个人都有自己的工作。 Each, every: each 指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个” ； every 指三个以上的人或事物的全体，和 all 的意思相近；every 只修饰单数名词， 谓语动词用单数， each 为形容词修饰单数名词， 谓语动词为单数。作代词，单独使用，接单数动词，放在复数名 词和代词后作同位语， 接复数谓语动词； 代表 each 与 every 的物 主代词可以用 his 也可以用 their. 【扩展】each of 之后接名词或代词的复数形式，接名词时一定 要附加 the 或 my 等词，即“each of+代词的复数形式”或“each of+the/my+名词的复数形式” ，但谓语动词要用单数形式。如， Each of them has an idea of that.对此每个人各有见解。 7．a pair of 一双，一对，一条，后面用名词复数。当含有 pair 的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词要与 pair 的数保持一致。 8.ago 与 before“以前” ：ago 表示从现在算起一段时间“以前” ，和动词的一般过去时连用。放在所修饰词的后面。Before 则表示 从过去某时算起若干时间以前，用于完成时。ago,before 前可以 与具体时间连用“多少时间之前” 9． 含有 half 的表达方式： 数词+名词 （单/复数） +and + 数 词+and+a half+名词（复数） 10．Because, since, as, for：四个词都表示“原因”的连词。以上 连词的语气由强到弱依次为 because-since-as-for 其中 because,since,as 从属连词，引导原因状语从句；for 为并列连词， 连接两个并列句。a)because“因为” ，表示直接原因回答 why 的 提问，一般放在主句之后，可单独存在。b)since“因为” “既然” ， 侧重主句从句表示虽然的或已知的理由。如，Since everyone is here, let‘s begin.c)as“由于” ，主从句并重，从句说明原因，主句 说明结果。As it was late, I must hurry up.d)for“因为，由于” ， 表明附加或推断的理由，引导的从句前常有逗号，for 从句不放 在句首。He must be ill, for he isn‘t here today. 11.thank you for +n./v.ing 感谢某人（做）某事，多用于事情已发 生的场合；与 will 连用，表示请求，要求；thank you to +v. 感 谢做某事，多用于事情未发生的场合； thanks to+n.多亏…，由 于 12．Probably 副词，相当于 almost certainly,意思为“或许，大 概，很可能”一般不放在 not 等含有否定意义的词之后。 13．run out, run out of: run out“用完了” ，主语通常为时间，食物，金钱，不用于被动语态；run out of“用完了” ，表示主动含 义，主语一般为人，多用于进行时和完成时。 14．Teach 的用法：teach sb sth 教某人学某事；teach doing 教导 做…, 教…； teach sb to do 教某人做某事； teach sb+that 从句 教 育人…. 15.被动语态：1）被动语态的基本构成形式：主语+助动词 be+ 构成形式 2)被动语态的时态：被动语态的时态是通过助动词 be 的变化拉力体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。现 在以 teach 为例，将被动语态常用时态列表如下：一般时态 现在 am is taught are进行时态 am is being taught are完成时态 has been taught have过去waswas had been taughttaught werebeing taught were将来shallshall have beenbe taught will 过去 将来 be taught would should-------------taught will should---------------have been taught would3）主动语态和被动语态的结构相比（箭头表示动作方向） 主动语态： 主语 （动作发出者） →谓语 （及物动词） →宾语 （动 作承受者）被动语态：主语（动作承受者）←谓语（be+动词过去分词） ←宾语（动作发出者） He wrote the letter. →The letter was written by him. 4）主动句变被动句的基本句式： a) 主：主语+助动词（情态动词）+谓语+宾语 被：主语（原宾语）+助动词（情态动词）+be+动词过去分词 +by+原主语 如，We will help him.→He will be helped by us. b) 主：主语+动词短语+宾语 被：主语（圆宾语）+be+动词短语的过去分词+by+原主语如，They looked after the babies.→The babies were looked after by them. c) 主：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 被：主语（间接宾语）+be+动词过去分词+原直接宾语 主语（直接宾语） ）+be+动词过去分词+to(for)+原间接宾 语+（by+原主语） 如，We gave him some magazines.→He was given some magazines. Some magazines were given to him by us. 【注意】一般将主动句中表示人的间接宾语变为被动句中的主 语。 d) 主：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 被：主语（原宾语）+be+过去分词+原宾语补足语 如，They elected him their monitor.→He was elected their monitor. We told her to have a rest.→She was told to have a rest. We heard the baby crying.→Thy baby was heard crying. 【注意】如果主动句中宾语补足语是不带 to 的不定式，变成被 动语态后一般要加 to. I saw him go to the church.→He was seen to go to the church. The boss made Tom work day and night.→Tom was made to work day and night.【扩展】一般在以下几种情形时，需要使用被动语态。 １） 不知道动作的执行者，只知道动作的承受者时。 When we got there, the room had been cleaned already. ２） 不必要说出或出于礼貌不便说出动作的执行者时。 I was told that you were not honest enough. ３）有必要突出或强调动作的承受者时。 You were asked to answer this question. 16.if 与 whether:if 和 whether 均可用于宾语从句中， “是否” 意为 ； if 用于条件句中，表示“如果” ，不能和 or 连用；whether 常与 or 连用，表示两种条件或情况。 Whether it rains or not, they decide to go. 【扩展】if not..如果不是…,表示惊讶或憎恶等情绪；if only 意 为“若…那就好了，我多么希望…‖相当于 how I wish；only..if.. 意为“决不…除非…‖ If it hadn‘t been for the doctor‘s care, I should not be speaking to you now.如果不是医生的照顾，我现在就不会和你说话了。 If only he arrives in time!若他及时到达就好了。 I‘ll only come if you promise me that you won‘t invite Henry.除非 你答应不请亨利，否则我不会来。◆ unit7 Would you mind turning down the music? 目标语言：make requests and apologize.重点句型：P52-1a,P53-2a&2b,P55-1a, 要求背诵的是 P54-3a, P56-3a 知识点： １． 基本用法：１）Would you mind doing?=Do you mind doing..?“你介意…?‖ “请你…好不好？”是一种比较客气 的表达方式。Would you mind opening the window? ２）如果 要表示“请你不要做…好吗？”只需在 doing 前面加 not. Would you mind not sitting in front of me?；应答用语：１） 如果同意表示不介意时， 可用如下用语来表达： Certainly not.; Of course not.;No,not at all.;Not at all.“好，可以”２）如果 不同意表示介意时，常用“Sorry.‖DI‘m sorry, but…‖及陈述某 种理由来表示拒绝或反对。 ；这一句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈 话的对方 you， 如果想要对方允许自己做某事， 可以用 DWould you mind my doing..?句型。 ２． 形容词与副词之间的转化： 以 le 结尾去 e 变 y， １） possible →possibly；２）在形容词后直接加 ly,usual→usually；３）在 以辅音字母+e 结尾直接加 ly,wide→widely；４）以元音字母 +e 结尾，去 e 加 ly,true→truly；５）以辅音字母+y 结尾变 y 为 i+ly,happy→happily ３． not at all“一点也不”用在否定句中，加强语气。表示程 度，还可以用于口语交际中作否定回答。 ４． put on, wear, dress,have on, in: put on 强调动作过程“穿上”为瞬间动词；wear 表示结果或状态“穿着”,持续动词； dress 强调穿的动作，后面不能跟宾语（衣服）等，还可以作 名词，意思是“服装” ，dress up 化装，dress oneself 给某人 穿衣服，dress in 穿衣服，have on 表示“穿…‖，相当于 wear， 但没有进行时态；in 介词，后跟表示颜色的名词，表示穿着 某种颜色的衣服。 ５． just, just now ,right now: just“刚刚” ，用于完成时；just now“刚才” ，用于过去时；right now“立刻” ，用于将来时。 ６． in a minute, soon 等多用于将来时，表示即将去做某事 in+时间段，after+时间段：１） “in+时间段”只能用于一般 将来时， “after+时间段”可以用于过去时和将来时２）当二 者都用于将来时的时候“in+时间段”表示从现在算起在一定 时间内，动作将在未来一周之内的某一个具体时间内发生。 “after+时间段”是从这段时间之后算起，动作将在这段时间 之后发生。 ７． very, too, so, quite 以上几个副词均修饰形容词，副词表示 程度， “很，太，非常” ；very 应用最普遍“很” ，只是一个表 示程度的副词，它表示的程度比 quite 要强得多，very 只用来 修饰形容词和副词的原级；too“太” ，一般表示“相对某人而 言” ；so“如此…,那么…‖,往往表明某一事物的程度时，会引 起另一种后果。换言之，so 所修饰的人或物表示原因后面会 有表示结果的句子。So…that…如此…以致于；quite 既可以表示充分肯定，意思是“完全；十分” ，也可以表示程度，意思是“完全，十分” ，也可以表示程度，意思是“相当” ， quite 可修饰动词， v.ing， 形容词， 副词， 分词等。 quite a +adj+n. a very+adj.+n ８． move from…to …从…搬到…，迁移；move on 继续向前走 ９． yet, already,still:yet 用于疑问句中，意为“现在，已经” ； 用于否定句中，意为“还没” ；already 与 still 用于肯定句中， already 意为“已经” ，still 意为“还，仍然” ，already 若用于 疑问句中，表示惊讶或意外；yet 与 still 都可以修饰比较级， 意为“更加，益发” 。 １０． put away 收好，储蓄，放弃；put down 放下，扑灭，写下；put…into…把…翻译成…；put off 延期；put up 举起， 张贴，修建；put on 穿上，上演 １１． See 的用法：１）see+从句，意为“看到…,留意…‖如，I saw that you weren‘t among the students.２）see sb do sth.看 到某人做某事； sb doing 看到某人正在做某事； see see+名词 看 到 １２． voice, sound, noise:在这组词中，voice 可以作名词或动词；sound 可以作名词，动词，形容词和副词；noise 只能用 作名词。这里仅就它们作名词表示“声音”时的用法进行辨 析。1）voice 专指人的声音（如说话，唱歌，笑的时候发出的 声音等） 。偶尔也指禽，虫鸣叫的声音，但一般不用于指其他动物的叫声。2）sound 表示能听见的任何声音。3）noise 通 常是指大而令人不快的噪音，嘈杂声，喧闹声等。4）sound 和 noise 常与动词 make 连用，而 voice 则不能和 make 连用。 １３． take care 意为“当心” ，可单独使用或后接从句和动词不定式。 同义词组为 be careful 和 look out； take a seat 坐下同 义词组为 sit down；take an interest in 对…感兴趣；take away 拿走，使离开，消失；take back 收回（语言，话语） ；take care of 照顾，注意，保养；take charge of 负责，接管；take down 拿下来，取下来，记下来，拆除；take for granted 想当然， 认为，后接宾语从句，此时常以 it 作形式宾语；take hold of 抓住；take in 接受，理解，包括；take off 脱下，匆匆离开， 起飞，停止使用；take office 就职；take on 接受，雇佣；take out 取出，带。..出来；take part in 参加；take place 发生，没 有被动语态；take pride in 为。..感到自豪；take sb‘s place 代 替某人；take up 从事，占用；take it easy 不要过于紧张，别 着急 ◆ unit8 Why don‘t you get her a scarf? 目标语言：compare qualities 重点句型：P60-1c,p61-2c,p62-3a,p63-2c, 知识点： １． get, receive,accept:get 有“得到” “获得”的意思，在表 示“获得”某物时，可能是被动接受也有可能是主动争取；receive 指收到了什么东西，不一定接受，receive a letter from…收到…的来信；accept 着重指以愉悦的态度或经过 自己的争取而得到或取得某物。