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状语从句的用法
　　摘要：状语从句在语法教学中讲解比较简单，按其功能主要划分为时间、原因、地点、条件、方式或比较、目的、结果和让步状语从句，学生可以根据不同的连接词判断状语从句的具体用法。在实际教学中，学生往往学起来容易，用起来容易出错。本文对状语从句的用法进行了详细归类和总结。
　　关键词：状语从句分类 连接词 用法 　　状语从句是复合句中的一种，起状语作用，可修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。状语从句可分以下几种。 　　一、时间状语从句 　　该从句常由以下连接词引导：when， as， while， before， after， since， till（until）， as soon as， the moment， no sooner...than， hardly...when... 　　1.when引导的从句，主从句的动作可同时发生，也可先于主句动作发生。例如： 　　I was going out when he came. 　　As the sun rose， the fog dispersed. 　　2.as引导的从句表示“当……时”或“一边……一边……”，主从句的动作同时发生。例如： 　　Will you drop it as you go past the post？ 　　As they walked along the road， they sang happily. 　　3.while 引导的从句表示“当……过程中”，强调某段时间主从句的动作同时发生。例如： 　　Keep an eye on my sister while I am away. 　　While we were watching TV， he came in. 　　4.before 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。例如： 　　I didn’t know any English before I came here. 　　I had written my letter before she came back. 　　5.after 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如： 　　After he locked the door he left. 　　After he had finished his work， he played a game. 　　6.since引导的从句表示“自从……”，从句用过去时，主句用现在完成时。如果主句不是延续动作而是目前状态，可用一般现在时。例如： 　　Since he entered the university， he has made great progress. 　　It is ten years since he joined the party. 　　7.till（until） 引导的从句表示“直到……”或“直到……才”。例如： 　　They worked till it was dark. 　　She didn’t go home until she had reviewed her lessons. 　　8.as soon as 引导的从句表示“一……就……”，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when表示“刚……就……”。例如： 　　As soon as he came here， he began to read English. 　　He had hardly arrived when it began to snow. 　　二、原因状语从句 　　该从句常用because， since， as等连接词引导。例如： 　　I didn’t do it because I was angry. 　　Since you are free， you’d better help me with my English. 　　三、地点状语从句 　　该从句常由where， wherever等连接词引导。例如： 　　I will go where work conditions are difficult. 　　Wherever you are， you should work for people. 　　四、条件状语从句 　　该从句常由if， unless， so（as） long as等连接词或连接词组引导。例如： 　　If I go to Nanjing， would you like to come along？ 　　You may use it so long as you will return it on time. 　　五、比较或方式状语从句 　　该从句常由as...as， than， the...the...， as（正如）， as if等引导。例如： 　　I am as tall as you， but you are stronger than I. 　　The more you practice， the more you will get. 　　六、目的状语从句 　　该从句常由that， so that， in order that， lest等引导。例如： 　　I’ll show you so you can see how it’s down. 　　We must hurry off lest we should miss the bus. 　　七、结果状语从句 　　该从句常由so that， so/such...that（如此……以至）等连接词引导。例如： 　　She’s so ill that she can’t get out of bed. 　　It was such a cold night that we stayed at home. 　　八、让步状语从句 　　该从句常由though（although）， even if， however，whatever， no matter how等连接词或连接词组引导。例如： 　　Wherever he is，he will be thinking of you. 　　So don’t lose heart， whatever you do. 　　参考文献： 　　[1]薄冰.英语语法[M].开明出版社，2007（12）. 　　[2]张道真.实用英语语法[M].外语教学与研究出版社，2002（5）.（责编 张亚欣）
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& Lesson 31 Success story
成功者的故事
【New words and expressions】
生词和短语
★retire v. 退休
He is getting old, He is going to retire. 他越来越老,
他打算退休了
retire=stop working=stop doing this
I'm going to retire next year.
我明年会退出影坛或歌坛
I'm so tired that I'm going to retire now. (retire = go to
★company n. 公司
corporation 责任公司
limited corporation 有限责任公司
&缩略形式 : Ltd.Co
He works in my business.
他在我的公司工作
★bicycle n. 自行车
★save v. 积蓄
save one's life
He saved my life 他挽救我的生命
save one's face 挽会面子
save money 存钱西方人不喜欢提钱,
所以用 save up 表示存钱
I have saved up for many years: 我已经存了好几年的钱
save it for a rainy day: 未雨绸缪,
为将来需要而做好准备
★workshop n.
车间workhouse 感化院,
强迫劳动的地方
workshop 工作并且可以拿出来卖, 译为
★helper n. 帮手, 助手
assistant 助理
★employ v. 雇佣
employee: 雇员
employer: 雇主
trainer 教练trainee 接受训练的人
grandson n. 孙子
Lesson 31 &Success story
成功者的故事
First listen and then answer the
question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
What was Frank's first job?
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his
experiences as a young man. Before he retired, Frank was the head
of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a
small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he
used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in
1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank
used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two
helpers. In a few years the small workshop had become a large
factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank
smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to
success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife
came in. She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!
昨天下午弗兰克.霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历.
在退休前, 弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理,
但他小时候却在一家小铺里做工. 他那时的工作是修理自行车,
并且通常是一天工作14个小时. 他靠多年积蓄,
于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子.
20多岁的时候, 弗兰克曾生产飞机零配件.
那时他有两个帮手. 几年之后,
小铺子已经发展成了一个雇有728人的大工厂.
弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路, 微笑了.
他正笑着的时候门开了, 他的妻子走了进来.
她叫他去修理孙子的自行车.
【课文讲解】
He worked in a factory.他曾经在一个车间里工作
He used to work in a small workshop.
他过去在一个车间工作
used to do 过去常常, 但是现在不做
My teacher used to live there.
我的老师过去住在那(现在不住了)
He lived there.
他过去住在那(不知道现在是否住在那)
She worked as a teacher.
work...as...作为...工作
He used to worked as a teacher.
I used to study in this school.
as a boy = as he was a boy
as 在这儿是当...的时候
as a young man 当他年轻的时候
in his twenties, in one's
thirties/forties/fifties/nineties
in one's -ies 在某人几十岁的时候
in my fifties 在我五十多岁的时候
In his fifties,he learned the second language.
in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代
I worked/(began the job) in the 1990s.
a head of 老板
at that time=just then=at that moment
of one's own某人自己的
my own book& (own 起强调作用,
用of one's own 或 one's own
由被修饰词的位置决定, 如果被修饰名词在前边, 用of
one's own, 如果被修饰名词在后边, 用one's
has become 成长为
in a few years在一些年之后
....factory which employed... :
工厂雇佣....(除了人可以雇佣外, 工厂,
公司也可以这样表达)
hard early years 早年的艰辛
long road to success 通往成功的长路
remember记得, 回忆起
memory n 记忆 memorize v.
there is a long way to go
my wife came in when i was smiling 强调我妻子进来
I was smiling when my wife came in
强调我微笑(when 不能放在强调的前面)
want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事
main idea: his experiences as a youny man
success 不但表示 “成功” ,
还可以表示 “成功者” 的概念
success [sEk5ses] n 成功;
胜利 / 好结果 / 成功之人;
【Letter writing】书信写作
以下的哪一个信头是正确的?
Howard,&&&&&
St.,&&&&&&&&&
Duke St. 214,
St.,&&&&&&&
Perth,&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
14th May, 19__,
Perth,&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Australia.&&&
Australia.&&&
14th May,19
&Western Australia.
1.F 2.T 3.F
【Key structures】　关键句型
He used to work fourteen hours a day.
Do you remember these sentences? (KS7)
你记得过去进行时和一般过去时吗?（参见第7课关键句型）
When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.
As I was getting on the bus, I slipped and hurt my
Now compare them with these sentences:
used to do 与过去进行时, 一般过去时
I used to go to work by bus. Now I go by car.
我过去常乘公共汽车上班, 现在开小车去.
He used to be a postman a long time ago.&
He's a taxi driver now. 很久以前他曾是个邮递员,
现在他是个出租车司机.
I have given up smoking.& I used to smoke
very heavily. 我已经戒烟了, 过去我吸烟很厉害.
I used to collect stamps when I was a boy.
当我还是个小男孩时, 我常搜集邮票.
My uncle used to live in New Zealand but he's now living in
Australia. 我叔叔过去住在新西兰,
但他现在住在澳大利亚.
过去进行时出现在 1.一个故事的背景
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
2.和另外一件事同时发生
Exercises C:
While my wife ____(work) in the kitchen, I ____ (sit) in the
garden. I ____ (look) at cars which ____ (pass) in the street, when
a small car ____ (stop) outside my gate and a man ____ (get)out. I
was most surprised to see that the man was Ted Hale. We ____ (be)
at the same school years ago. In those days, Ted ____ (come)to our
house nearly every day and we often ____ (go)out together. We ____
(be)great friends, but one day we ____ (quarrel) and I never ____
(see) him again. As he ____ (get) out of his car, I ____ (call) my
wife and we both ____ (hurry) out to greet an old friend.
was working &;& was
sitting& ;& looked(was
looking)& ;& were
passing& ;&
stopped& ;& got&
;& were(used to be)&
;& used to come(came)&
;& went(used to go)&
;& were(used to be)&
;& quarrelled&
;& saw& ;& got
(was getting)& ;&
called& ;& hurried
be surprised to do 非常惊讶地做某事
quarrel [5kwCrEl] n.吵架,
反目, 怨言, 争吵的原因
vi.吵架, 争论, 挑剔
【Special Difficulties】 难点
a. experience 经历(可数名词)
经验(不可数名词) experienced 有经验的
b. save save one's life / save one's face / save money / save
it for a rainy day 未雨绸缪
c. work and job 1、work 可做动词,
job 不可以作名词
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
2、job 是可数名词, work 不可数
1& He is a
very(experience)(experienced)doctor.
2& My father enjoys doing (jobs)(works)
about the house.
3& I am looking for a
new(work)(job).
4& The government is trying to persuade
people to(economize) (save) money.
1、experienced 2、jobs
3、job 4、save
economize [i(:)5kCnEmaiz]
节省(能不用的就不用,有
“节衣缩食” 的概念)
save 存钱(多余的钱)
experience [iks5piEriEns]
n.vt.经验, 体验, 经历,
【Composition】作文
Frank (not only) (neither) (repaired) (made)his grandson's
bicycle, (but)(also)went for a ride on it(as well)(both). He
(said)(told)me later:‘I(make)(do)aeroplanes, (and)
(but) I prefer bicycles.’
not only / repaired / but /as well / told /make
go for a ride/go for a walk
骑车出去/出去散步
ride a car/bicycle/horse
go for a ride on sth (对自行车只能用 “on” )
prefer [pri5fE:] vt.更喜欢,
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
1 &When he was a young man, Frank
a．owned a small shop& b.made spare
parts for aeroplanes
c.made spare parts for bicycles& d.worked
hard and saved his money
(a)(b)选项是作为 “he was a youny man”
中的一个部分
3 &Frank used to work in a small shop. He
a.doesn't anymore b.still does c.is now
&d.has never done anything else
not anymore 不再
I will not make the mistake anymore.
4 &He used to work fourteen hours a day. He
did this ______ day.
a.one b.some c.each d.a
one day 有一天 / some day 某一天 /
a 作为计量单位的一部分
I will beat you some day.总有一天我会打败你
every day / each day 每天
8 &Frank is the ______ of a business
a.director b.headmaster c.superior d.leader
leader 起带头作用的人
headmaster [hed5mB:stE(r)] 校长
direction [di5rekFEn, dai5rekFEn]
director 管理公司或单位整个事务的人
(director [di5rektE, dai5rektE]
n.主任, 主管, 导演,
(机关)首长,
(团体)理事,
(公司)董事, 指挥仪,
Frank is a director of a business company
superior 监理
(superior [sju:5piEriE] n.长者,
高手, 上级 adj.较高的,
上级的, 上好的, 出众的,
12 &He was still smiling when the door
opened and his wife ______.
a.went in b.entered in c.entered d.entered into
into 后面一定要加地点
enter 既是及物动词, 也是不及物动词
enter＝go in/come in&
如 return＝go back
go in 与 come in
都可以用enter代替, 但go
in(离说话人越来越远) 与 come
in(离说话人越来越近) 方向不一样,文中强调的是
“进去” 而非 “进来”
& Lesson 32 Shopping made easy
购物变得很方便
【New words and expressions】
生词和短语
★once adj 曾经, 以前
① long long ago = once 很久以前 ②
I visited my mother once a month. (一次)
③ once 连接从句, 表示
Once you leave my company, you must return the house.
★temptation n 诱惑
temptation to+动词原形
temptation to do sth 什么什么的诱惑
temptation to steal
resist the temptation to
do抵抗不了什么的诱惑& (resist
[ri5zist] vt.抵抗, 反抗,
抗, 忍得住)
I can't resist the temptation to laugh.
★article n 物品, 东西
article 文章 : this is a good article
article/thing 不可相互取代
article强调的是商店里的一个一个的东西,
是可数名词, 单独的东西, 独立的个体
thing 指任何的东西
cargo [5kB:^Eu] n.船货,
(车、船、飞机等运输的)货物
goods 货物, 商店里的货物的总称
★wrap v 包裹
Please wrap them (up) for me请替我把他们包好
wrap sth up
pack : 指为了携带, 运输的方便而打包
I will take/get/have it. please wrap them for me / please
pack them for me.
★simply adv 仅仅
simply : only/just
★arrest v 逮捕
arrest the criminal
criminal [5kriminl] n.罪犯,
犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的,
arrest one's attention吸引某人的注意
the criminal was arrested.
Sb. be under arrest 某人被逮捕
control/under control控制/被控制
shopping made easy
make : 1、制造
2、使....怎么样
make the room clean (clean adj 宾补)
make shopping easy
Shopping be made easy(句子)
Made 为过去分词, 有
“被” 的意思
标题不用句子, 所以标题省略be
Lesson 32 &Shopping made easy
&购物变得很方便
First listen and then answer the
question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
Who was the thief?
People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to
steal is greater than ever before--especially in large shops. A
detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went
into a large store on Monday mornings.One Monday, there were fewer
people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was
easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few
small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most
expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who
wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply
took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she
was arrested, the detective found out that the shopassistant was
her daughter. The girl' gave' her mother a free dress once a week
人们不再像以前那样诚实了.
偷窃的诱惑力比以往任何时候都更强烈——特别是在大的商店里.
一名侦探最近注意上了一位穿着讲究的妇女, 她总是在星期一上午进入一家大商场.
有一个星期一, 当这位妇女走进这家商场时,
里面的人比往常少, 因此, 侦探比较容易监视她.
这位妇女先是买了几样小商品. 过了一会几,
她又选了商场里最昂贵的一件衣服, 把它递给了售货员.
那售货员以最快的速度为她包好了衣服. 然后,
那妇女拿过包就走出了商场, 根本没有付钱.
她被逮捕后, 侦探发现原来那售货员是她的女儿. 那姑娘每星期
“送” 她母亲一件免费的衣服!
【课文讲解】
not so...as/not as...as 表示比较, 不如
as...as...和什么一样
as+adj/adv+as+比较对象
as quickly as possible尽可能快
He is as tall as I.
This case is as light as that one. (轻)
It is as heavy as that one. 这个东西和那个东西一样重
as...as...的否定形式是not so...as...,/not as ...
It is not as heavy as that one. 这个东西不如那个东西重
I am not as tall as you.
I am taller than you/you are not as tall as I.
less + 原级＝not as...as...=not so...as...
译为 “不如”
not as + 原级 +as / less +
原级+than 意思一样, 区别 :
一个用 “as” , 一个 “than”
I am not so lucky as those fisherman.
they are 与 they were 在用不同时态比
you are beautiful.& you were
you are more beautiful than you were. 你比过去漂亮多了
you look better than you were. (省略句 : You look
It was my car. / Is this your car? 注意它们的区别
I think 想 / I thought 原以为
you were worse表示you are better :
你过去更差劲, 表示现在比以前更好了
要表现现在与过去的比较, 有两种方式 :
1、they are 与 they were
或 it is /it was等在用不同时态比
2、用短语than ever before
People are not so honest as before = people are not so honest
as they once were.
specially [5speFElI] adv.特别地,
impulsion [Im5pQlF(E)n] n.冲动
adventure [Ed5ventFE] n.冒险,
冒险的经历 v.冒险
watch : 观察, 监视;
当心(口语中)
watch the enemy (enemy [5enimi]
n.敌人, 仇敌,
[集合名词]敌军,
[喻]大敌 adj.敌人的,
watch sth 当心 : watch your head
well+动词的过去分词
design [di5zain] n.设计,
图案, 花样, 企图, 图谋,
(小说等的)构思, 纲要
v.设计, 计划, 谋划,
well-designed 设计得不错
well-educated 有教养的 (educated
[5edju:keItId] adj.受过教育的,
as usual 象平常
than usual 比平常
be动词+形容词+for sb to do sth
so it was easier for the detective to watch her.
(句中用 “easier” 有潜在的比较含义)
it 是形式主语, for
sb.中的sb是逻辑主语
The teacher bought a lot of dresses to make her
more beautiful.(更漂亮, 不用
“more” 时会让人产生误会)
用more是表示对别人的尊重
out of politeness 出于礼貌 (politeness
n.有礼, 优雅)
after a little time过了一会儿
choose [tFu:z] vt. (chose
[tFEuz]; chosen[5tFEuzn])
hand...to...递给(比较有权威的人) pass
to一个一个的传递(更常用)
hand in 上交
wrap sth up for sb
as quickly as possible.尽可能的快
She +chose+最高级+and+(并列结构)+handed
it to +宾语+定语从句.
handed it to an assistant [hand it tu: En
E`sIstEnt] 注意 : 前一个以 “o”
结尾, 后一个以 “元音”
读时需再在它们之间加一个[w]音,
又如 : my heart go on. [ ^EuwRn]
find out发现
find/find out
find sth. (sth 是看得见, 模得着的,
I find the pen. (pen是具体的)
find out 后跟的宾语一般是抽象的
find out the truth 发现真相
free 免费的
fee 交费 : fee parking 收费的停车场
课文读十遍
【special difficulties】难点
a强调的是后面的名词; one强调的是
“一个” 的意思
Excise: Put in a/an or one:
用a/an或one填空 :
______ day I received ______ postcard from Harry. He invited
me to go on ______ excursion. As he was setting out that afternoon,
there was only ______ thing to do. I had to send ______ fax. I went
to my desk and picked up ______ form. I wrote ______ fax of ______
one/a/an/one/a/a/a/one
【composition】作文
I(came)(arrived at)the office late as usual(so)(but) Mr.
Blake(saw)(understood)me(and)(or)
he &was very angry.‘This is
your last day here, Jones,’he said.‘You
can(neither)(either) (stay)(sit)here(or)(nor)go
arrive at /so/saw/and/stay/either/or/
come to 一定要介词+地点
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
4 &There were fewer people in the shop than
usual. There were ______.
a．as many as usual& b.not as many as
usual& c.as few as usual& d.more
than usual
not (as) so.....as
7 &It was one of the most expensive dresses
______ the shop.
a.in& b.of&
c.from& d.to
most expensive
&①+地点
②+范围表示所有的人或(书)当中,
③I have ever seen/done/heard. (定语从句)
我所看过的, 做过的, 听过的
8 &A detective recently watched a
well-dressed woman. He ______ her.
a.looked& b.looked for&
c.looked after& d.looked at
watch : look at
9& The woman first bought a few small
articles. She bought some small ______.
a.things b.pieces c.bits& d.parts
10 &The assistant wrapped it. She ______
a.papered& b.turned&
c.enveloped& d.made a parcel of
wrapped: 包裹　　　envelope: 信封
made a parcel of : 制作一个包裹
12 &The dress was free. It ______.
a.was priceless& b.was
worthless& c.cost nothing& d.was
priceless [5praislis]
adj.无价的, 极贵重的
free,&& worthless:
不值钱的.　　　Something cost money.
I pay nothing.
grateful [5^reitful] adj.感激的,
& Lesson 33 Out of the darkness
【New words and expressions】
生词和短语
★darkness n 黑暗
in the darkness
在黑暗中(在没有光线的情况下)
★explain v 解释, 叙述
explanation [7eksplE5neiFEn] n
解释　注意与 “explain [iks5plein]”
的读音不同
Could you give me an
explanation能给我一个解释吗?
Interpret [in5tE:prit] v 解释,
(强调翻译)语言之间的解释
interpreter [in5tE:pritE]
n.解释程序, 解释者, 口译人员,
翻译员, 讲解员, 注释器
interpretation [in7tE:pri5teiFEn]
n.解释, 阐明, 口译,
interpretress [In`t:prItrIs]
n.女翻译员
★coast n 海岸
bank 河岸, (两边比水面高),
coast 地理意义上的海岸, 海岸线等,
感觉旁边是岩石, 很陡峭
seashore 海岸, (跟游玩有关系,
为了游玩的)
seaside : 海边
seashore/ seaside
给人的感觉--旁边是沙滩, 可以进行日光浴的感觉
★storm n 暴风雨 (只解释为
“风暴” )
snowstorm 暴风雪
thunderstorm [5WQndEstC:m]
n.[气]雷暴
rain heavily 表示雨下得很大
pour [pC:, pCE] v.灌注,
倾泻, 涌入, 流,
the rain is pouring. 倾盆大雨
It's raining cats and dogs. 滂沱大雨
★towards prep 向, 朝,
towards 强调nearer and
nearer& 强调越来越近
★rock n 岩石, 礁石
rock 表示huge stone
huge [hju:dV] adj 巨大的,
极大的, 无限的
★shore n 海岸
★light n 灯光
★ahead adv 在前面
asleep, awake, alive, ahead......&
a开头的往往是表语形容词, 不管是作表语形容词(如
: alight 点着的, 电亮的),
还是副词, 都放在名词的后面, 一般形容词放在名词的前面
pretty flowers / light ahead 前方的灯光
ahead 的用法 :
1、放在被修饰词的后面作定语, 定语后置
2、ahead of在什么前面 : he went ahead
of me.　他走在我前面
ahead　①朝前走　②请随便(回答请求时用)
--Would you mind my using your telephone? or Can I use your
telephone?
--Ok,go ahead.
--Can I smoke here?
--go ahead.
--sorry+一个原因(可能是事实,
可能是个借口),
不让别人做(哪怕是一个借口)
★cliff n 悬崖, 峭壁
★struggle v 挣扎
★hospital v 医院
类似于 school
1、前面不加the,
和它的功能有关系& go to hospital
2、一旦+the, 只表示地点
I am in the hospital.
in hospital 住院 / in the
hospital在医院
如要去医院看老师& go to the hospital /
自己肚子疼go to
hospital　(看病)
Lesson 33 &Out of the darkness
First listen and then answer the
question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
Why was the girl in hospital?
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what
had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a
small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat
struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to
the shore after spending the whole night in the water.During that
time she covered a distance of eight miles.Early next morning, she
saw a light ahead.She knew she was near the shore because the light
was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl
struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all
she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in
几乎过了一个星期, 那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇.
一天下午, 她乘小船从海岸出发, 遇上了风暴.
天将黑时, 小船撞在了一块礁石上,
姑娘跳进了海里. 她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边.
在那段时间里, 她游了8英里.
第二天凌晨, 她看到前方有灯光,
知道自己已经接近岸边了, 因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上.
到达岸边后, 姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去.
她所记得的就是这些. 第二天她醒来时,
发现自己躺在医院里.
【课文讲解】
happen:不及物 sth.& happen to
What happened to
nearly 将近 nearly a week 快一个星期了
句型 : ① sometime later...
Three days later, my mother
returned强调某人做某事(简单句)
② ...passed and then...
Three days passed and then my mother
returned.　(came back) 并列句,
既强调某人做某事, 又强调时间(有多久)
③ Three days passed before my mother
returned强调时间(这么久的时间,
时间状语从句, 后面是从句)
be able to强调有能力,
且能够成功(还强调成功)
can 只表示能力
I can swim across the river我能游过这条河,
(但没有游过, 不知道能不能成功)
I was able to swim across the river.
.....explain what..... what引导的宾语从句
set out : set off = begin a journey
be caught in+灾难
I was caught in a rain我遇上了一场雨
As soon as he left, it began to rain
he was caught in a rain when he left他刚一离开,
遇上人用meet, 遇上灾难用be caught in a
earthquake　(earthquake [5E:Wkweik]
towards evening 天越来越晚
struck强调的往往是猛烈的撞击　struck hard
to : 强调朝那个方向去, 但没有强调越来越近
towards : 表面也翻为朝那个方向去, 但强调距离越来越近
spend sometime +地点
cover a distance of ......
the red army covered a distance of
25000...& 两万五千里长征
light ahead 前方的灯光& ahead
放在被修饰词的后面
high up on the
adv+adv+介词短语
on doing＝as soon as＝the
as soon as＝the moment后面要加句子
on 后面一定要加动词ing, 承认动词是由主句主语做的
......up the cliff towards the
......用两个介词起到动词的作用&&&
往上(prep)&&
that's all she remembered.&
all作为先行词, she remember 修饰 all
作定语从句, 省略 that
That was all I wanted to say那就是我想说的全部
That was all I can do for you＝I can do nothing
else for you
find +宾语+宾补 : find the books
tidy 发现书摆放得整齐, found the room clean
宾补可以由形容词或介词短语充当&&&
I found the books in order. / when I woke up, I found myself
① time passed before
...a day later...
time passed and then
② was caught in a storm (习惯用被动)
③ cover the distance of
④ 介词后面+ing , after doing, on ding
重点单词 : hospital
【Key structures】　关键句型
和时间相连的介词 : in, at, on,
from...to...,until,after,before
和地点相连的介词 : from...to...
into : 进、入 tell him go into my house
(离房子近用 “in” , 离房子远用 “into” )
只强调到哪里, 不一定强调到里面去, go to
out of : 从...出来,
离开away from
leave for : 动身到某地, yesterday my father left for
head for/to : 前往
leave for 强调leave, head for 强调去
set out for动身到某地
towards强调越来越近
at : 含有一种瞄准的概念, aim at, fire
at(瞄准开火), threw to the bank
to 强调目标; towards 强调越来越近 the ball
was coming towards me.; at 瞄准, 方向性
【Special difficulties】难点
pass / past 词性的区别
词与词的区别 :
1、意思上的区别2、词性上的区别3、细节上的区别
pass只有动词的概念,
其他由past承担(余下的词性都用past)
I pass the garden. / I go past the garden. / I go and pass
the garden
Next / other
next day 第二天;& the
other day = few days ago (几天前)
the other day 出现一定是过去时
next day有可能是过去式, 有可能是将来式
Exercise 练习
Choose the correct expressions in the
following:选择正确的表达方式 :
1 I tried to telephone you(the other day)(the next day). You
must have been out.
2 Have you(past)(passed)your driving test?
3 On the first day all went well. But on the(next) (other)day
there was a storm.
4 The crowd cheered as the soldiers
marched(past)(passed).
1. the other
passed& (have done)&
3. next&& on the first day
all went well, 第一天都不错 4. past&
(march:行军;long march:长征)
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
5 How ______ was the shore? Eight miles.
a.away far& b.far from&
c.far away& d.long
far from +(必须)地点
how far away...? (away可省略)
what's the distance...?
6 That was all she remembered. She couldn't remember
a.some more& b.anymore&
c.no more& d.none more
not any more = not any longer = not any
further& 不再
& none 不会和 more
连用, some不会出现在否定句中
12 That was all she remembered. She couldn't ______ very
a.remind &b.memorise
&c.recollect
&d.mindSentence
remind 提醒 / memorise
[`memLraIz] 记住 / recollect
[7rekE5lekt] 回忆 /
4 She swam to the shore______ the night in the water.
a.having spent& b.having
spending& c.when spending& d.had
只有谓语动词才有时态
句子中如果没有连词, 但有两个动词,
要把其中一个动词变成非谓语动词
从语法上讲 a, c 都对
when 是连词的标志
when +doing : 1、主语要跟主句的相同,
2、谓语动词含有be doing 结构
(两个条件必须满足)
when standing there I found the book very
interesting.
when standing there.......(省略了I was)
She swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the
& Lesson 34 Quick work 破案
【New words and expressions】
生词和短语
★station n (警察)局
(一定是与军方, 警方有关系的)
post office 邮局 / police office
bureau [bjuE5rEu, 5bjuErEu] 局
communication bureau 交通局 (communication
[kE7mju:ni5keiFn])
I went to the police 我去警察局
★most adv 相当, 非常
只有加 “the” 时译为 “最” ,
加 “a” 或什么也不加时译为 “非常” ,
“相当” (“very” 的概念)
a most interesting / I was most surprised.
Lesson 34 Quick work 破案
First listen and then answer the
question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
How long had the police taken to find his bicycle?
Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he
received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked
to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the
police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not
worried any more. At the station, he was told by a smiling
policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the
policeman told him, the bicycle was pinged up in a small village
four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train.
Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too,
because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen
twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen !
丹·鲁宾逊焦虑了整整一个星期. 上星期二他收到当地警察局的一封信,
要他到警察局去一趟. 丹奇怪警察为什么找他,
但昨天还是去了, 结果他不再担心了. 在警察局里,
一位面带笑容的警察告诉他, 他的自行车找到了.
那位警察对他说,
那辆自行车是5天前在400英里外的一个小村里发现的,
现在正用火车给他运回家来. 丹听到这个消息后,
惊奇万分, 但又感到非常好笑,
因为他从未指望那辆自行车还能找到.
这是20年前丹还是一个15岁的孩子时被人偷走的!
【课文讲解】
quick: 动作的快; fast: 速度的快;
soon: 时间快
have a quick meal / quick freeze速冻
all week 用现在完成时
local new 当地新闻 / local police
当地警察局
local color 当地色彩, 地方色彩 / local
people 当地人
native [5neitiv] n土著人adj
土生土长的
local call 市话
call at(some place) 拜访某地 / call on
ask/tell/expect/want/allow/request/order sb to do sth
请求某人做某事
you was wanted to do sth.
he was told that/to do (被动) / someone told him
that... (主动)
sb. was told: 某人被告知; 有人告诉sb : I
was told that yesterday you did sth wrong.
not......any more = no more 不再,
I don’t talk to you any more.我不再会对你谈话了
I will talk to you no more.
I walked no more .我不再走了
five miles away这一类结构可以直接做定语,
放在被修饰词后面
home前一旦加修饰词(如 “this” ),
则其为名词
the school is five miles away.学校在五里外 / The
school five miles away...五里外的学校
I live in a house which is five miles away. = I live in a
house five miles away.
His home : home
前一旦加修饰词(如文中的his), 则其为名词
......expected the bicycle to be found. 被动语态
I want my mother to wish clothes. / I want the clothes to be
wished.(不关心谁洗, 被洗)
【letter writting】书信写作
In the address we usually
write‘St.’for‘Street’;‘Rd.’for‘Road’;‘Sq.’for‘Square’;‘Ave.’for‘Avenue’;‘Pl.’for
‘Place’. We write words
like‘Lane’and‘Drive’in
在地址中我们通常使用缩略形式, 如 : “St.” (Street);
“Rd.” (Road); “Sq.” (Square); “Ave.” (Avenue); “Pl.”
(Place),而有些词则不用缩略形式, 如 “Lane”
和 “Drive” .
pics. [piks] : pictures / secs. [
sZk]:seconds&&&&
wait secs 等几秒钟
td.co.& /& wto
【Special difficulties】难点
call on拜访
call (sb) up给某人打电话
一旦一个词可以省略而意思不改, 这个词可能是副词, 如
“up” 是副词
如果宾语是代词, 后面的词组由动词和副词组成,
代词一定会放在中间
call on you/call you up
go to the pictures 去看电影
call off 取消 / call out 大声喊 / call
at 去了某地+地点 / call in 召集
Exercise 练习&
&用恰当的词填空 :
1 &I called______ you five times yesterday.
Were you out?
2& It's too late to go to the pictures. Why
don't we call the whole thing ______?
3& We called ______to him but he could not
4& I called ______ the post office on my way
1、on&& call
you up 不能说成 call up you / on
(prep)&&& call
2、go to the pictures
去看电影& call the whole thing off
3 、call out
4、call out&
去了邮局, 不一定译成 “拜访邮局”
【Multiple choice
questions】多项选择题
1 Dan was worried because ______.
a. he received a
letter&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
b. the police wanted him
c. he went to the station yesterday& d. he
didn't know why the police wanted him
8 All the police at the station are ______ men.
a. topical& b. local& c.
native& d. neighbourly
local: 当地的; native:
自己在这里(祖祖辈辈都在这里)
topical adj : 时事问题的; 热门话题的;
题目的 / neighbourly: 邻居的
& Lesson 35 Stop thief! 捉贼
【New words and expressions】
生词和短语
★while n 一段时间
while = some time 一小会儿
wait for a while等一会儿
隔了一会儿after a while
★regret v 后悔 pt pp regretted
1、regret sth
you will regret it你会后悔的, 你一定会后悔的
2、regret to do : 很遗憾要去做
3、regret doing很遗憾已经做
I regret to tell you a bad news我很遗憾要告诉你一个坏消息
I regret telling him the news我真后悔告诉他这个消息
I regret to steal your money
4、regret that
pity、sorry、regret
pity n. &it's a pity / sorry adj.
&I am sorry / regret v.
★far adv 非常
比较级前可以加修饰词, 表示程度
多一点点用a little, 多很多用much
far＝much, 修饰形容词或副词的比较级,
注意most 是修饰形容词或副词的, 而不是比较级
★rush v 冲
rush(用腿)冲 run
跑(速度很快)
★act v 行动
take action 采取行动
act! (口语) 行动!
★straight adv 径直
go straight on径直往前走
★fright n 害怕
frighten [5fraitn] vt.使惊吓
frightening : 令人感到可怕的 / frightened :
自己感到可怕的
frightful＝terrible adj 可怕
your handwriting is frightful你的字真糟糕 / cold is
frightful寒冷是可怕的
一个动词能够加ing/ed, 证明这个动词跟人的情感有关,
他的宾语就会是人
This doesn't worry me. / You frighten me.
get a fright得到惊吓的感觉, 类似get a
I get a fright我吓了一跳 / you give me a
fright你吓了我一跳
give sb sth
give: 给人带来感觉, 如 : give me a
pleasure/an excitement/a fright
★battered adj 撞坏的
batter [bAtE] n.击球手
v.打坏, 猛击
动词+ed : 被
battered : lose one's shape
被撞变形的(shape[Feip] v n)
damaged : 被刮坏的
destroyed car车子被损害不能修 / damaged
car车子坏了, 但能修 / battered car
battered bag破旧不堪的包(“battered”
与软的东西连用时, 表示用旧了,
破旧不堪的)
★shortly adv 很快, 不久
★afterwards adv 以后
shortly afterwards不久以后＝soon
shortly＝&
afterwards＝later后来, 以后
soon: 不久以后 (可直接用)
Lesson 35& Stop thief!&
First listen and then answer the
question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
How did Roy stop the thieves?
Rov Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however,
he became a busdriver and he was not regretted it. He is finding
his new work far more exciting.When he was driving along Catford
Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run
towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of
money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the
thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he
dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get away in their
car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. While the battered car
was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The
thieves' car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly
afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were
罗伊·特雷顿原是开出租汽车的, 然而就在前不久,
他开上了公共汽车, 也并不为此而感到后悔.
他发觉自己的新工作令人兴奋得多. 最近,
当他正开车在凯特福德街上行驶时, 看到有两个小偷从一家商店里冲出来,
奔向等在那里的一辆汽车, 其中一个提着一只装满钞票的提包.
罗伊行动迅速, 开车直冲窃贼而去.
拿钱的那个小偷吓得把提包都扔了. 当那两个小偷企图乘车逃跑时,
罗伊驾驶他的公共汽车撞在了那辆车的后尾上. 当那辆被撞坏的车开走后,
罗伊停下车, 给警察挂了电话. 小偷的车损坏严重,
很容易辨认. 没过多久, 警察就截住了那辆车,
两个小偷都被抓住了.
【课文讲解】
he used to drive a taxi, but now he doesn't drive a taxi any
a short while ago＝a short time
ago不久以前
1、可以放句首, 可以放句中
2、如果一个词两边有逗好, 证明这个词是插入语
you will regret it
find 可以用一般现在时态, 可以用进行时态
he is finding his trip very exciting
far more exciting更有趣
along 沿着
a waiting car : 正在等候的车子
see sb do sth看见某人做某事(强调全过程) / see
sb doing 看见某人正在做某事
I see them dance (看了全过程) / I see them dancing
(只看了一部分)
hear sb doing/hear sb do
如果全过程用do, 过程中的一瞬间用doing
另外还有类似的词有 : smell, feel, hear, watch,
full of 装满 : I have a cup full of tea.
at: 强调瞄准概念
with 一旦出现在名词后代词后就做定语, 出现在动词之后做状语
he came in with a book.(作状语) / the boy with a
book came in.(作定语)
get a fright吓了一跳
such...that.../so...that...
如此...以致于
so+形容词(副词)+that.../such+(修饰词或形容词)+名词+that
一旦有名词, 就认为形容词修饰的是名词,
前面的词也修饰的是名词
drop/fall : 掉
sb drop sth, drop
vt(及物).由于不当心抓什么没抓住掉下去
fall vi(不及物) : sth fall从上往下落
drop the money / the money fall
The chalk is falling./ I drop the chalk. (chalk
[tFC:k] n.粉笔, 白垩
vt.用粉笔写, 和以白垩)
as = when: 当.....时候
get away ＝ run away逃跑
by car /in the car
drive into 撞
stopped his car/the car
stopped(与当时说话时的视觉概念有关, 一个是人为停,
一个是自己停下来)
damaged : 毁坏
....and easy to recognize = and the car was easy to recognize
(用主动表被动含义)
用不定式放在形容词后面, 主动表被动含义
too...to.../ ...enough to....
stop拦住车子
both men ＝ two persons
stop the car
1、the driver stop the car
2、其他人stopped the car : 拦车
stop thief 捉
捉, 抓catch
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
1& Roy Trenton ______.
a. prefers driving a bus to driving a
taxi&& b. prefers driving a taxi
to driving a bus
c. is sorry he isn't a taxi
driver&&&&&&&&&&&
d. is glad he didn't change his job
...to...更喜欢这个东西(和后面的东西比),
be sorry遗憾
prefer+名词 更喜欢
I prefer tea to water
prefer+名词+to(prep.)+名词(如为动词则+ing)
I prefer drinking tea to drinking water
prefer to(不定式的标志)+动词原形 :
rather than : 不喜欢, 而不是 (prep)
(rather[5rB:TE; (?@) 5rATEr])
he prefers to drive bus rather than drive a taxi.
I prefer to have an apple rather than have an orange.
3& Roy Trenton used to drive a taxi. This
means he ______ a taxi.
a. has stopped driving &b. is used to
c. got used to driving &d. still
used to(不定式的标志) 过去做现在不做
used to do过去常常做现在不做了(“to” 为
be used to doing sth / get used to doing sth
I am(not) used to getting up early我习惯起早
be used to do sth被用来
the knife is used to cut the paper刀被用来切纸
the boy is used to swimming in the
river那男孩习惯在河里游泳
the boy used to swim in the river那男孩过去在河里游泳
4& He noticed two thieves ______ out of a
a. to come& b. are coming&
c. in coming d. come
answer : d
see sb. doing : 看见某人正在做某事;&
see sb. do : 看见某人做某事
hear : 听见
notice sb. doing / notice sb. watch sb. doing / watch
b. are coming : 没有主从一致, 应为 : was
coming 就对
7& The car was easy to recognize, so it
wasn't ______ difficult for the police to catch the
a. much& b. very& c.
many& d. too
too...to...: 太...以至于不能... /
...enough to...: 足以用来做某事
many 应加+名词 / much, very
一般不会与 to 连用
8& He hasn't regretted it. He ______
a. isn't sorry about& b. doesn't
pity& c. isn't pleased with& d.
doesn't laugh about
be sorry about: 为什么感到遗憾(抱歉) / be
pleasued with: 对什么感到满意 / laugh at : 嘲笑
laugh about:为什么原因而笑
b. pity 不对是由于词性不对
11& The thief dropped the bag. He
a. let it& b. left it& c.
fell it& d. let it fall
drop vt(及物) 抓什么而没抓住 : sb drop
sth. / fall vi(不及物): 什么东西往下落 : Sth
Let sb. do : 让某人做某事
Let : 听之任之
Make: 又强迫的意思
1、& My father makes me play
football.(强迫)
2、& My father lets me play
football.(听之任之, 随他去)
重点说明 :
It's easy to recognize
the apple is sweet enough to eat
如果一个不定式的前面是一个形容词, 如果主句的结局是系表结构+to,
不定式当中常用主动表被动, 在不定式的表达方式当中,
动词的宾语如果刚好是这句话的主语, 这个宾语一定不能出现
the apple is too sour to eat.(sour adj
[5saJE(r)] 酸的)
......to answer the question&
这个小孩足够聪明以至于能回答这个问题, “the question”
不是主语故一定要出现
the question is easy enough to answer.
文中 “...easy to recognize(car)”
因car是主语, 所以不能出现
在不定式当中, 也许有可能用主动表达被动含义,
及物动词后面一般加宾语(这个宾语就是这句话的主语就不加), 又如
: the clothes are too comfortable to ware.
【Special difficulties】难点
so/such如此
such...that.../so...that...如此以致于
so+形容词(副词)+that.../such+(a,
an修饰词或形容词)+名词+that
一旦有名词, 就认为形容词修饰的是名词,
前面的词也修饰的是名词
如果名词是可数名词单数才要加a和an,
反过来如果是可数名词单数,
前面一定要加a或an
Exercise 练习&
用so, such或such a填空 :
1& He ran ______ quickly that I could not
catch him.
2 &Whoever told you ______ thing?
3& You should not make ______ many
4& You should not say ______ things.
5& This picture is ______ beautiful that I
shall hang it in my room.
6& It was ______ good book that it was
bought by a film company.
7& It was ______ extraordinary exhibition
that I went twice.
8& He is ______ lazy boy that he never does
1、so& 2、such
5、so& 6、such
a& 7、such an&
如果形容词是表示数量的(many, much, little, few),
there is so little time left that we must hurry.
there is such a little(小) bird that I can't see
it.(“little” 不会和可数名词连用, 如连用不会译成
“数量少” , 而应译为 “小”
he is so lazy a boy/he is such a lazy boy.
如果有几个以上的形容词共同修饰一个名词的时候, 冠词放在第一位,
这句话中冠词不放在第一位, 说明 “a” 与
“boy” 有关系, “lazy” 从意思上与 “boy”
有关系, 但从强调点上与 “boy” 没关系,
它的强调点在 “lazy” 上
such+冠词+形容词+名词/so+形容词+冠词+名词
& Lesson 36 Across the Channel
【New words and expressions】
生词和短语
★record [5rekC:d] n.
记录& record [rI5kC:d]
如果同一词音节落在第一个音节的重音, 肯定是名词,
重音落在第二个音节肯定是动词
recorder [rI5kC:dE(r)]录音机
如present n adj [5preznt] v [
pri5zent ] / desert n [5dezEt] v
break the record 破记录 / set up a new record
hold the record 保持记录 / keep the record
equal[5i:kwEl] adj.相等的,
均等的, 胜任的, 平静的,
合适的, 不相上下的
n.相等的事物(或数量),
对手, 匹敌, 同辈
vt.等于, 比得上等号, 等于
equalize the recorder 平记录 (equalize
[5i:kwElaiz] vt.使相等,
★strong adj 强壮的
as strong as horse
象牛一样壮(马)
strong wind 大风 heavy rain 大雨
strong girl (隐示不是很瘦, 结实)
strong mind意志坚强
out of sight,out of mind&
眼不见, 心不烦
sturdy [5stE:di] adj. : 结实的,
robust [rE5bQst] [rEJ5bQst] adj.
: 身体结实& (“乐百事”
strong swimmer :
strong +运动员 : 获胜把握比较大,
强有力的(“强有力的对手” 中的
“强有力” 就用 “strong”
swimmer : 确切的意思为 : 游泳者,
athlete [5AWli:t] n :
运动员(运动会上常说的运动员)
swimming athlete游泳运动员 (这里的
“-ing” 以为 “用来” )
★swimmer n 游泳运动员, 游泳者
★succeed v 成功
success n 成功, 成功的人
successful adj 成功的
succeed in doing sth / be successful in doing sth
fail v&& fail to do
failure [5feiljE] n. 失败,
失败者, 缺乏, 失灵,
故障, 破产, 疏忽,
&美&不及格
★train v 训练
train sb to do sth (教,
而且有让人形成某种技能) / teach sb to do sth (只是教,
会不会不管)
trainer教练 / training center 训练中心
★anxiously adv 焦急
anxiousl adj
★intend v 打算
① be to/② be about to/③ be
going to:表将来
④ intend to do sth＝be going to do
sth打算做某事
⑤ plan计划 : plan to do sth
计划作某事
⑥ mean to do sth 打算做某事 : what do you
mean to do(intend to do)
⑦ aim to do sth 打算做某事
aim [eim] n 目标
I am going to have a company. / I intend to have a
⑧ I will do sth＝I intend to do
plan to do / mean to do / aim to do / hope to do / want to
do 这类词本身没有将来时态, 本身就表示将来,
用一般现在时表示将来时
★solid adj 固体的, 硬的
the ice is solid冰很硬
ballet dancers/football player (ballet [5bAlei,
bA5lei] n.芭蕾舞, 芭蕾舞剧,
芭蕾舞乐曲)
1 work as+地点
2 工作怎么样
(1)interesing/boring/exciting (bore [bC:(r)] v
(2)人对工作的喜欢程度, she/he likes the job very
channel 海峡
the Channel＝the English channel (当
“C” 大写时, 一定是指the English
across 横渡, across the Channel
Lesson 36& Across the
Channel& 横渡海峡
First listen and then answer the
question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
What is Debbie going to try to do?
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel
tomorrow.She is going to set out from the French coast at five
o'clock in themorning. Debbie is only eleven years old and she
hopes to set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and
many people feel that she is sure to succeed Debbie's father will
set out with her in a small boat. Mr. Hart has trained his daughter
for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims
the long distance to England. Debbie intends to take short rests
every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not
eat any solid food. Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting
for her on the English coast. Among them will be Debbie's mother,
who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
黛比·哈特准备明天横渡英吉利海峡.
她打算早上5点钟从法国海岸出发.
黛比只有11岁, 她希望创一项新的世界纪录.
她是一个游泳能手, 很多人认为她一定能成功.
黛比的父亲将乘一条小船同她一道出发. 哈特先生训练她的女儿已经多年了,
明天他将焦急地注视着女儿游过这段漫长的距离到达英国.
黛比计划每两小时休息一下. 她将喝些饮料,
但不吃固体食物. 黛比的大部分同学将在英国海岸等候她.
他们当中还会有黛比的母亲, 她本人还是个姑娘时,
也曾横渡过英吉利海峡!
【课文讲解】
at five o’clock in the morning&
先说小单位, 再说大单位
hope 希望 : &hope to do :
希望自己做 / hope that+从句 : 希望别人做
she hope to set up a new world recorder.
feel (that), 宾语从句中的that 可以省略
must + 动词原形 表示一定, 一种推测
be sure to do : 一定能够, 肯定语气比
“must” 强
sure [FJE(r), FC:(r)] adj.
对....有把握, 确信某事,
稳当的, 可靠的 adv.的确,
Are you sure? 你肯定吗? sure 肯定
be sure of(对某件事情, 名词做宾语)
be sure to do(对某件事情动词有把握)
be sure that(对某件事情,
某人做某事有把握)
I am sure that I can do sth＝I am sure of
sth＝I am sure to do sth.
I am sure of my success. / I am sure to succeed.
I am sure that I can succeed. (be successful)
...with her 同她一道
by boat / in a boat乘船
for years 几年
will be doing
she swims the long distance to England.
swim + 距离 : 游过多长距离
will be watching sb anxiously as... :
当...的时候人们会密切(焦急)关注
anxiously [5ANkFEs] adj.
the war broke out战争爆发
broke out& 发生;
all the world will be watching anxiously as the war broke
‘meet the parents’ ――《再见岳父母大人》影片名
we will be watching anxiously as you went (go)
out.(电影中的一句台词, 表示 “牵挂”
plan to / intend to
have(take) a break(rest) 休息 / take short
rests休息短时间
every two hours
I will plant another tree every three trees.
每隔三棵树我会再种一棵
something to drink : 可以喝的东西,
不定式作定语
have something to eat/read/do
most/most of
most直接用 : most of + the : Most young people /
Most of the young people
will be waiting
I will be right here wating for your
on the coast在海边
among [E5mQN]
prep.在...之中, ...之一
among them在他们当中
oneself放在动词或一句话的后面, 往往起强调的作用
定语从句中的关系词往往指代的含义是前面的先行词
限定性定语从句/非限定性定语从句
如果是有逗号的是非限定性定语从句, 没有逗号的是限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句可以用, 非限定性定语从句不可以用的是that
限定性定语从句少了后面的句子,
这句话意思不完整,非限定性定语从句前面的句子完整,
后面的句子起着补充说明的作用
非限定性定语从句一旦有逗号隔开, 后面的句子和前面的句子关系不紧密,
起补充作用
在...之间(三者或三者以上)
between them : 左右各一个人 : among them
很多人之中
Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel
herself when she was a girl.
倒装句 : 地点+will+名词
常见的倒装句 : here you are / here is my ticket
among them will be Debbie's mother
全部倒装 :
地点(介词短语或副词)+动词+名词
倒装句型中如果主语是名词, 放在动词后面,
如果是代词, 放在动词前面, 如 here you
【Key structure】 关键句型
&She is going to swim across the Channel
tomorrow. 将来时(KS12)
(参见第12课关键句型)
Instead of saying:
We can say :
除了这种表述方法外 :
还可以说 :
I shall travel by air.
I am going to travel by air.
He will sell his car.
He is going to sell his car.
They will move to a new house.
They are going to move to a new house.
I intend to write to him.
I am going to write to him.
She means to ask for an explanation.
She is going to ask for an explanation.
We can often use going to in place of shall or will in simple
statements and questions. We cannot use going to in sentences like
this one :
在陈述句和疑问句中, 我们常常可用going
to来替代shall或will.
在类似下列的句子中我们不能用going to :
You will enjoy yourself if you travel by sea.
如果你乘船旅游, 你会玩得很开心的.
be going to 一定强调计划和安排, 顺理成章的不用be
tomorrow will be Tuesday.
在运动场上常用的口语 :
well to go / well done / yea / yeah
bingo [5biN^Eu]
int.(因出乎意料的成功而表示兴奋的叫声)瞧!
【Special Difficulties】 难点
Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词
a& Watch, Look at, Follow.
Watch (something happening) 观看
(正在发生的事情) : Tomorrow he will be watching her
anxiously. (11.6-7)
Look at看 : Look at the blackboard. Look at your
book. Look at this picture. 看黑板.
看你的书. 看这幅画.
Follow (go after) 跟随 (走在后面) : I
followed my mother into the kitchen.
我跟着母亲走进厨房.
b& Solid, Firm, Stable.
Solid (not liquid) 固体的 (非流体的) :
She will not eat any solid food. (1.9)
Firm (not loose) 稳固的 (不松动)
: I've fixed that hook. It is firm now.
我把鱼钩固定好了, 现在它很牢固.
(not doubtful) (无疑) : He gave me a firm
refusal. 他断然拒绝.
(not lenient) 严格的 : You must be very firm with
that child. 对那个孩子你一定要非常严格.
Stable (often describing character) 坚定的
(常用来形容性格) : He is a very stable person.
他是一个性格坚定的人.
watch/look at/follow
watch something happening
look at : 看
follow : 跟随, follow me
solid/firm/stable
solid : 硬的(固体)
稳固的(不松动的),不会更改的
stable [5steibl] adj. :
坚定的(性格)
firm/stable
firm(人) : 下定决心,
不会改变主意firm decision
stable(人) : 稳重的,
Exercise 练习 用上面的词填空 :
1& I came to a ______ decision and I will
not change my mind.
2& I stood on the bridge and ______ the
boats passing by.
3& May I ______ your photograph
album?4& The ice in the pond is so ______ that you
can walk to it.
5& I tried to persuade him but he remained
1.I came to a firm decision and i will not change my
come to a decision/make a decision
come to a conclusion 得出结论&
(conclusion [kEn5klu:VEn] n.结束,
缔结, 结论)
2.watch the boats
watch sb doing sth.(句型结构)
watch 得出结论直接加宾语, 及物动词
by 这里是adv, 在附近
4.so solid如此的坚硬
enough to do足以做某事
the ice in the pond is solid enough to walk on.(不加
“it” , 见35课, “it”
the ice in the pond is so solid that you can walk on
the room is clean enough to live in
the room is so clean that we can live there
5.I tried to persuade him but he remained firm.
(不改变主意的用 “firm” )
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
3& She is sure to succeed. Many people feel
sure ______ it.
a. to& b. for& c.
sure to do
sure that ...
4& He will be watching her anxiously ______
she swims the long distance to England.
a． though meanwhile& b.
meanwhile& c. while& d.
as 由于, 当......时候
as(当......时候)＝when,
during prep.介词, 后面不会加句子
though meanwhile : 虽然,
用转折的意思, 而本句中没有转折的意思
meanwhile＝at the same time 同时
meanwhile 不是连词 (=meantime)
n.其间, 其时 adv.其间
however adv 然而
连词连接两个句子 : 副词只能修饰句子或动词,
起修饰作用
8& Debbie hopes to ______ a new world
a. do& b. make& c.
build& d. fix
8& set up a recorder
make a recorder破记录
9& She is sure to succeed. She's sure to be
a. successful& b. success&
c. succession& d. a succession
9& succession 继任者 (succession
[sEk5seFEn] n.连续, 继承,
继任, 演替, [农业]
轮栽, 连续性)
successful adj
be +adj 系表结构
be+n 前者＝后者 (前者和后者是等号关系)
& Lesson 37 The Olympic Games
奥林匹克运动会
【New words and expressions】
生词和短语
★Olympic adj. 奥林匹克的
Olympic games 奥林匹克运动会,简称 : The
Games (一般大型运动会用 “games” )
★hold (held held) v 召开
have a meeting召开会议 / hold a
meeting召开会议 / hold a party 召开宴会
hold习惯用被动, 被动 : the meeting will
the Olympic games will be held in China in 2008.(two thousand
★government n 政府
★immense adj 巨大的
big, large大的
huge [hju:dV]
adj.(体积的)巨大的, 极大的,
great 大的, 伟大的
immense [i5mens] 极大的,
无边的, 一望无际的
the universe is immense.( universe [5ju:nivE:s]
n.宇宙, 世界, 万物,
immense ocean
fantastic [fAn5tAstik]
(建筑等)表惊叹, 还可表示好极的,
great man 伟人big man 大人物large
huge(体积)巨大, 庞大
big 一般的大 / large 数量的大,
尺寸的大 / great 伟大的, 重要的
★stadium n 露天体育场
playground操场
sports field运动场,
体育场& sports 各种各样的运动
gymnasium [dVim5neiziEm, ^im5nB:ziEm]
n.健身房, 体育馆 体育
gym : [dVim] =gymnasium 体育
n.体育馆, 体操
足球场 stadium
★standard n 标准
high standard高标准
standard意为体育最高标准(运动会中的最高标准)
★capital n 首都
capital adj 另义 : 大写的,
★fantastic adj 巨大的
★design v 设计
designer 设计师
well－designed设计不错
Lesson 37& The Olympic
Games& 奥林匹克运动会
First listen and then answer the
question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
When was the last time this country hosted the Olympic
The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years'
time. As a great many people will be visiting the country,the
government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a
fine new swimming pool. 'They will also be building new roads and a
special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the
capital and the whole area will be called 'Olympic City'. Workers
will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the
end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium.
The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter.
Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We
are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games
because they have never been held before in this country.
4年以后, 奥林匹克运动会将在我们国家举行.
由于将有大批的人到我们国家来,
所以政府准备建造一些新的饭店、一个大型体育场和一个新的奥运会标准游泳池.
他们还将修筑一些新的道路和一条铁路专线. 奥运会就在首都市郊举办,
整个地区将被称作 “奥林匹克城” .
工人们将在今年年底前把新路铺好; 到明年年底,
他们将把新体育场建成. 这些巨大的现代化建筑是由库尔特·冈特设计的.
大家都将急切地注视着新建筑的建成. 我们都非常激动,
盼望着奥运会的到来, 因为在这个国家里还从未举办过奥运会.
【课文讲解】
4 years later 四年后
the olympic games will be held in our country...
as/because引导原因
a large number of people/a great many
people大批的人
be visiting the country
be building 建设
an immense stadium一个大型体育场
a new Olympic-standard swimming pool一个高标准的游泳池
be building 修建
special railway-line专线铁路
outside the capital 市郊
Olympic city 奥林匹克城
by the end of this year到今年年底前
by 完成时的标志,
表示到......为止
现在完成式 : 到现在某一点时间为止
过去完成式 : 到过去某一点时间为止
将来完成式 : 到将来某一点时间为止,
某个动作已经发生
will have done
by the end of next year到明年年底前
by the end of next year, they will have finished/completed
on the new stadium.
work on... ......的工程
modern buildings 现代化建筑
fantastic 巨大的
...have been designed by... 已经设计好了,
用现在完成时
Everybody will be watching
anxiously...人们都将密切注视
as the new building go up
as随着, 引导从句,
状语从句不用将来时态, 不能用 “...will be built”
be built强调建造
go up 拔地而起
be excited激动的
look forward to+n./
doing期待(很高兴的), 一定要加名词或动词
“-ing” , 与 “expect”
(期待)的区别, “expect”
没有高不高兴的成分
look forward to your letter
because they never been held before in this country
before adv在此之前
将来完成时 will have done (till, until)
I will have finished it until/till tomorrow.
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
4& By the end of next year they will have
finished the new stadium. This means they will finish it ______ the
end of next year.
a. at &b. before& c. after
&d. long before
by the end of next year
by: 到......为止,
在.....之前, 不迟于 =
long before : 在之前很久
7& We are looking forward to the Olympic
Games, ______ they have never been held before in this
a. for& b. why& c. because
of& d. due to
7. because : 强调后面的是原因
because of : (介词短语), 不会加句子
why－－不能直接做连词
due to : (介词短语)由于 +
His success is due to his hard work
12& We are looking forward to the Games. So
we will be ______ when they begin.
a. pleased& b. unhappy& c.
sorry& d. impatient
12. look forward to :
期待(高兴)
expect : 期待
be pleased : 感到高兴地, 令人满意地 / be
pleased to do sth : 乐于做某事
impatient [im5peiFEnt]
adj.不耐烦的, 急躁的, 不耐心的
5& The buildings have been designed by Kurt
Gunter, so the designs ______.
a. are not complete yet&&
b. are now complete
c. will be completed soon d. haven't been completed
5. 完成的概念
be complete.(adj)
complete : (adj)完全的 (v)完成
are now completed / are complete 都可以
【Special Difficulties】 难点
Study these sentences.
细读以下的例句 :
a& Hold. The Olympic Games will be
held in our country. (1.1)
This verb may be used in the sense
of‘conduct’,
‘observe’or‘celebrate’.
这个动词可以用来表示 “进行” 、
“纪念” 或 “庆祝”
A festival is held at Edinburgh every year.
节日庆典每年在爱丁堡举行一次.
We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the
subject. 明天我们准备开一次会来讨论这个议题.
The next conference will be held in Geneva.
下次会议将在日内瓦举行.
The verb look has a different meaning in each sentence :
动词look在每句话中有不同的含义 :
Look forward to (expect with pleasure) 盼望
(高兴地期待着) : I am looking forward to the
summer holidays. 我正盼望暑假的到来.
Look out (be careful) 当心 (注意)
: Look out! A bus is coming. 当心点,
公共汽车来了.
Look up (get information from a reference book) 查阅
(从参考书中获取资料) : I don't understand this word.
I shall look it up in a dictionary. 我不懂这个词的词义,
我要查一下字典.
(visit) 拜访 : Don't forget to look me up when
you return. 回来时别忘了来看我.
a、 hold(会议,
look forward
to+名词/动词的-ing
I look forward to your letter. / I look forward to receiving
your letter.
look out : 当心(正发生的) / be
careful 事情发生之前
look out of the windows 窗外
“威胁” 用 “watch”
&&watch your
head& 当心你的头
look up : 查阅 , 拜访
look up words in the dictionary查字典
look up sth in the book查参考书, look up message in
look sb up 拜访 (visit), 习惯上用于拜访某人
He did not look up from his desk.(lesson 15 P68)
Exercise 练习
&用hold或look的正确形式填空
1& We shall be ______ a party tomorrow. I am
______ it very much.
2& ______! You nearly knocked that
3& They say he is very famous. I shall
______ him ______ in‘Who's
4& The students' union ______ an interesting
debate on capital punishment yesterday.
5& My friend Ingrid lives in Stockholm. Why
don't you ______ her______ when you're there?
6& Examinations will be ______ next week.
I'm not ______ them.
1. .....holding......looking forward to......
be +动词-ing
2. knock over : 撞到
3. 'Who’s Who' : 《名人大全》
4. ......held......
debate on : 辩论
debate [di5beit] v.争论,
辩论 n.争论, 辩论; union
[5ju:njEn] n.联合, 合并,
结合, 联盟, 协会
口语过程三步 : 1、dialogue(对话)
2、discussion(讨论)
3、debate(争论)
capital : 首都, 大写
capital punishment : 极刑 (punishment
[5pQniFmEnt] n.惩罚,
处罚, 惩处)
国外的极刑 : hot seat 电椅
5. ......look (he) up......
look(sb) up : 拜访, 看看,
在英文中并不一定是很正式的, 只是去看看的意思
6. ......held......looking forward to......
hold an exam : 举行考试 / take the exam :
【Composition】作文
&Rewrite the following sentences using the
joining words in parentheses :
用括号中的连词来改写以下句子 :
1& My brother is going to the Olympic Games.
I am going to the Olympic Games. (Both...and)
2& We bought tickets a long time ago. We
shall be leaving soon. (and)
3& We shall see the Games. We shall visit
many parts of the country. (not only...but...)
1& Both my brother and I are going to the
Olympic Games. “both...and...” 作复数看
2& We bought tickets a long time ago and
(we) shall be leaving soon.
3& We shall not only see the Games but visit
many parts of the country as well.
& Lesson 38 Everything except the weather
唯独没有考虑到天气
【New words and expressions】
生词和短语
★except prep 除了
except /except for /besides /apart from
★Mediterranean n (the ~)地中海
Mediterranean [7meditE5reinjEn]
n.地中海（=Mediterranean sea, 位于欧,
亚, 非三大洲之间）, 地中海沿岸的居民
adj.地中海的, 地中海民族的
★complain v 抱怨
complain to sb : 向某人抱怨 / complain of/about
: 抱怨某事
★continually [kEn5tInjJElI] adv
continue [kEn5tinju:] v.继续,
连续, 延伸
continuously [kEn5tInjJEslI] : 连续不断地
/ continually : 连续地,
频繁地(时断时续)
the baby cry continually.
★bitterly adv 刺骨地
bitterly cold : 刺骨地寒冷: It’s bitterly
chilly : 寒冷的
bitterly disappointed : 彻底的失望: I am bitterly
disappointed.
disappoint [7disE5pCint] vt.使失望
★sunshine n 阳光
也可直接用 “sun” 表示阳光
a drop of : 一缕
a drop of sunshine一缕阳光
【Text】 要求背诵课文
Lesson 38& Everything except the
weather& 唯独没有考虑到天气
First listen and then answer the
question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
Why did Harrison sell his house so quickly?
My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for
many years before. He returned to England. He had often dreamed of
retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country.
He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to
live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the
weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually
and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine,
Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England
before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly
had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the
country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there.
Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.
【课文讲解】
dream of : 想,
梦见(梦想)
think of : 想(思维的活动),
settle down : 定居
no sooner...than :
(关联词)一...就...
同义as soon as,the moment,on doing
had no sooner done...than一般过去时, 固定用法
(时态结构 : 完成时态 + than +
一般过去时)
he had no sooner arrived than he called me up.
no sooner放在句首就要倒装 : No sooner had he arrived
than he called me up(倒装)
almost immediately : 几乎马上, 很快地
(时间上的快, 常用于写作)
(连词)表示因为(解释说明,
附加的)＝because因为(一定要说的)
even though--从句的连词,
"即使"(让步状语从句)
even though I came here, my mind was
absent尽管我人来了, 但我还是心不在焉
for+并列句, 做主句
so many years : 这么多年
after + ...
after it rained for days = after so many days of rain
在这么多天雨之后
after seven years of hard work, he was successful
after ten years of staying in abroad, he decided to return
and settle down
get a shock : 吓了一跳, 吃了一惊
as if+句子 : 似乎, 好像
过去完成时, 虚拟语气, 与事实相反,
后面的条件是假的
he acted as if he was poor. (as if
后是真是假, 应根据上下文来看)
my leg hurts as if it was broken.
even though--even if
as if-- as though
in the end, it was more than he could bear他再也不能忍受
(口语常用)
It was more than I could understand.
I can't affard it ＝ it was more than I can
hardly...when...:还没来得及...就...;
用法同no sooner ... than
hardly had sb done (hardly在句首,
have time to do sth : 有时间做某事
I have no time to talk with you. 我没时间和你说话
I have time enough to have coffee. 我有足够的时间喝咖啡
knock out : 打晕, 击倒
he had hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked
The dream he had had for so many years ended there.
句子主干 : the dream ended
He had had the dream for so many years. (the dream
作宾语, 是先行词)
except : 除...外,
writing】书信写作&
The Date: The following months of the year are usually
written in full: March, April, May, June and July. The remaining
months are often written as
follows:‘Jan.’,‘Feb.’,‘Aug.’,‘Sept.’,‘Oct.’,‘Nov.’,and‘Dec.’.
日期 : 每年下列月份写出全称 : 3月,
6月和7月. 剩余的月份写成 : Jan.
(1月); Feb. (2月); Aug.
(8月); Sept. (9月); Oct.
(10月); Nov. (11月)和Dec.
【Key structures】　关键句型
过去完成时
no sooner...than...
hardly...when...
【Special Difficulties】
Words often confused and misused&
经常容易混淆和误用的词
Study these sentences: 细读以下的例句 :
a& No sooner...than (一……就);
hardly...when (几乎未来得及……就……)
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.
b& Country (国家,
乡间) and Countryside (农村).
He had planned to settle down in the country. (1.3)
He sold the house and left the country. (1.9)
The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful.
维也纳周围的乡村非常漂亮.
c& Continuously (连续不断地) and
Continually (频繁地).
It rained continually. (1.6) (i. e. At frequent
intervals.) 天频繁地下雨.
The river flows under this bridge continuously. (i. e. It
does not stop at all.) 河水不停地从桥下流过.
a. no sooner...than...
hardly...when...
b. country(国家, 乡间)
countryside(农村)景色 seaside
in the country : 在乡下住
Exercises 练习
&A& Join these sentences
using no sooner than:
用no sooner than连接下列句子:
1& I had left the house. It began to
2& We had hung the picture on the wall. It
fell down.
No sooner...than...
No sooner 放在had done 中间, than
放在两大句子的中间, 不需要逗号
B& Choose the correct words in the following
sentences:
选用适当的词填空 :
1& The sea moves (continuously)
(continually).
2& He borrows money from people
(continuously) (continually).
3& The Robertsons do not live here anymore.
They now live in the (countryside) (country).
1& countinuously 2&
continually 3& country&
The Robertsons 表示一家人
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
5& It was more than he could bear. He
couldn't bear it ______.
a. more& b. longer& c. any
longer& d. no more
5. not any more / not any longer / not any
further不再
not more ＝ less比...少
/ not longer不是更长
4& He acted ______ he had never lived in
England before.
a. as though& b. like& c.
as& d. even if
4. as if ＝ as though 作宾语
act as if/though习惯用法
as if 是宾语从句
as 后面可以加句子, like 后面加词, as if
加在后面只能作状语
even if即使
11& He______ as if he had never lived in
England before.
a. made& b. did& c.
conducted& d. behaved
11. do as I did 按我所做的做
seem as if看起来象什么 / act as if 行为象什么一样
/ look as if 看起来象什么一样
conduct可以做动词, 表示行为,
但conduct为不及物动词,
如果作及物动词, 加oneself
他表现的很好, he conducted himself well
he behav