fall,skirt,startfall需要注册吗,ring选不同类的单词

单词记忆碎片&69&(篇二一三)
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背英语单词最科学的方法
怎样才能把这么多单词背下来呢?最重要的一点,就是:如果想比别人成功,就一定要走捷径。不要期盼自己比别人幸运,也不要指望自己比别人更聪明或者更勤奋。从智力上说,从机遇上说,自己和别人都是差不了多少的,想超过和自己差不多的人,就一定要走捷径,捷径,捷径!
背单词捷径的第一条,就是:一定要每次都大量地背。
因为自己不比别人聪明,所以背完单词,别人忘掉五分之一,自己决不会比别人忘得少。然而,别人每天背十个单词,自己却可以背一百个,忘掉五分之一,还剩八十个,是别人最聪明状态下的十倍。每天一百个是最低限。其实背到后来您会发现这个要求并不高,一个月后,您可能自然而然地就背到三百或者五百。
这一百个要分成四组来背,上午三十,中午十个,下午三十,晚上三十。第二天早晨复习以前没背下来的词。背的时候,要一目十词(注意,是十个而不是更多或更少),不要认认真真背,因为没有认认真真的时间。一边看一边读每个词的读音,默读也成。看完后回忆一遍,回忆不起来的再看。这次背的目的在于留下个大概印象,下次看见能知道这个词,所以背到大部分都能回忆得起来就成了,把剩下的词单独抄出来。
背单词捷径的第二条,就是:背字典!为什么要背字典呢?因为字典上每个词的解释比较全面,而且相同字母开头的单词都集中在一起。不是什么字典都可以拿来背的,一定要找只包含自己想背的词的字典。另外,最好有解释和例句。而且,一定要有音标!一般教材课文后面的词汇表都是为那些认认真真听课的好学生准备的,想走捷径就千万不要去背那些东西。
背字典的时候,按开头字母(Z,Y,X,Q,J,K,U)(V,W,N,O,L)(FG,IT,HM,BDE,R)(C,P,S,A)的顺序背,其中C,P,S,A每个都要分三部分背。这样背有几个好处:(一)能增加成就感,提高兴趣。至于为什么,您翻翻字典就明白了。(二)便于清楚地知道那些单词已经背过,那些还没背。(三)能先把最基本的词先掌握。
三万单词里,分为三个等级:三千到四千,八千到一万,两万二到三万。也就是说,您得分别准备三本字典。这几个等级之间各自有非常不同的特性,所以需要分别用不同方法背。俺当时没有认识到这一点,所以在从一万到三万之间走了一段弯路,浪费了一些时间,不然或许能突破到五万吧。
所以,背单词捷径的下面这条就有了三个分支:
背单词捷径的第三条,就是:和单词多见面。一个单词能不能记住,取决于和它在不同场合见面的频率,不在于每次看着它的时间长短(同样规律也适合于泡MM)。一般想记住一个单词,每星期要和它在“不同场合”见三到四次面。俺在上文中提到大量背的时候,不要抠某一个字记住与否就是这个意思。因为是否一见钟情都是无所谓的,关键在于有更多不同类型的见面机会。不过,根据要背的单词的等级不同,增加见面机会的方式也有所不同。
第一个分支:瞎听!三千到四千这个等级,是非常常用的单词,而且几乎囊括了表达最基本思想所需要的一切词汇。每篇文章中百分之八十都是这些词汇,而且这些词都是最基本的语素(或称“词根”),就是分割到最小无法再分割,互相之间也没什么类似之处的东西。对付这些词的最好方法,就是进行大量的,不间断的,简单的初级听力练习。因为阅读材料中,还有百分之二十其他词汇,所以光凭这个等级的词还看不懂那些阅读材料。但是听力练习都是最基本的对话,而且发音一般很标准,多听能够增加单词的重复率,而且可以为以后背八千到一万那个等级的词打下语音基础。
听的时候,要分精听和泛听两部分。精听当然是指每个词都要弄懂,俺着重讲一下泛听。泛听是最重要的,因为掌握语速和语调,以及总体印象都要*泛听。而这些都是背八千到一万等级单词的基础。泛听能够让经常用到的词(也就是那些最必要掌握的词)把您的耳朵磨出茧子来,让您模模糊糊听到个音就能反应出它是什么意思。泛听中您听到的词,才是您真正应该记住的词,所以别害怕精听的时候什么都听不懂。到底什么是泛听呢?泛听,就是说您听的时候,精神要分散,要一边干着其他事(比如撮饭或和别人大声讨论撮饭,一边有一搭没一搭地听着。泛听一定要见缝插针,一有机会就听着,最好耳机不离耳朵。
而精听的意义就在于找出您没听清的那些词。啊哈,那就是您背过但还不熟悉的词了。把这些词单独记在另外一个地方,别跟没背下来的词混了。泛听要听精听已经听过的内容。比如精听听到了第二盘磁带,那么泛听就听第一盘磁带,正好。提醒您一句,千万别拿英语广播当自己的听力教材!
第二个分支:狂看!八千到一万这个等级,基本包含了剩下的百分之二十。这些单词在听力教材里很难找到。但是,可不要停止听的练习呦,因为听能巩固您的语调感觉,而这是背这个等级单词的一个关键。不过,背这个等级的词,需要在听以外增加看的内容。
看,同样要分精读和泛读两种。就象听一样,也是泛读更重要一些。泛读要挑不太长,能有耐心看完的文章,而且看不懂的词不要太多,一篇文章有两三个不认识的就足够了。千万不要一上来就看英语报刊杂志小说,那些东西不但很难看懂,而且看懂了也对背单词没什么促进作用。
泛读也需要大量练习,只要您有耐心,又有足够时间,就一直看下去吧!看的时候不要仔细阅读,扫一眼明白个大概意思就成了,然后把这一眼没看懂的词画上记号,别琢磨它是什么意思,继续扫描吧!全部看完之后,回头再看这些单词,有的可能已经想起来了,有的……还没想起来?那就查查字典,要是自己还没背过,就扔掉它,要是已经背过了,就单独抄下来吧,和听力练习中没听出来的词放在一起。
第三个分支:乱说!这只适合背两万二到三万的词。因为其他的词不用说就已经背下来了。而这个等级的词在阅读材料里非常少,可能阅读十篇文章却一个这个等级的词也没有。所以*阅读来增加见面机会已经不行了。这些词甚至有的老外一辈子都没见过,咋能指望他们能写出来呢?尤其是GRE词汇,什么"给马穿衣服","纽约的流氓","从非洲吹向南欧的风".这些词都是一些精致的修辞,也就是说,如果您话里净是这些词,那您可以假冒一位学者了。
一般的老外都是听不懂您说的这些话的,所以不用这些词也能表达同样的含义。好了,您的机会来了,您可以跟老外讲话中带上这些单词,然后很自豪地假装谦虚地跟他们解释这些词的含义。
每次跟老外解释一两个词就足够了,老外会佩服您佩服得五体投地的。HL就向ws解释吧!要大胆而耐心,尤其是大胆。
这个阶段,您就别再练听力了,因为练了进步也不大。还记得开头那句话么?要想成功,得走捷径。
凡是不能在短时期内取得巨大进步的行动,都不必浪费时间去做。
不过,这时候的阅读材料成了问题:您会发现,过去看的东西觉得太浅没意思,看其他深的东西又看不懂。您还会发现一个新的有趣现象:那就是您想看的文章里,现在全是第一个等级的那些词,每个词您都确切知道它的含义,但整个文章您就是看不懂。
那您该看什么呢?就看第二个等级的那些浅显文章啊。虽然浅显,但能帮助您不至于忘了过去背出来的成果。至于您看不懂的那些文章,别着急,等您和老外交流多了,您自然就懂了,那都是一些词组、俚语或文法组成的文章。
背单词捷径的第四条,就是:联想,联想,联想,背单词的第一个动作是什么?端详一下它的外貌。第二第三个动作呢?看看它的内涵和发音。而第四个动作,就应该是联想,再联想。
想它和其他背过的词有没有外表类似的?读音类似的?意思类似或相反的?如果有,就赶紧记在旁边,在另外那些词旁边也把这个词加上。这样,以后看见其他词,也会联想起这个词,等于又增加了一次见面机会。
而且,在第二、第三个等级的词汇里,还有许多单词是由"前缀","词根","后缀"组成的,前缀比如"re","in","pseud"……,后缀比如"er","a","oid"……,然后共同组成一个新词。如果掌握了这些前后缀,就可以很方便地猜出一个生词到底什么意思。另外,有很多读音相近的词也有相似的意思,这在俚语、诗歌和儿童用语中更普遍。如果每天记80个单词,一个月只能背2400个单词,但掌握了这些规律后,实际上背的速度越来越快,几乎一万多单词都是不用背就会了的。
不过,在GRE单词中,有很多是既没有和其他词的关系,又没有前后缀,看起来既简单又记不住的单词。这些词里边有希腊语,意大利语,德语,拉丁语,甚至还有日语译音。这就只能*和别人解释来掌握了。
背单词捷径的第五条,就是:复习!记得快,忘得也就快,这是一个非常正常的规律。在背单词的过程中,复习就显得非常重要。俺总结复习的规律是:十个单词复习一遍,然后三十个单词,然后是以前所有没背下来的单词。复习的时候,同样不必细抠,粗略地扫一遍就可以了,但一定要想它的读音(因为英语是象声的)。最后背不下来的单词,一定是不常用的,因为老外一样背不下来。
每背完一个开头字母的单词,就要把前一个开头字母的复习一遍。然后每背完前文中括号里面的开头字母,就把上一个括号里的复习一遍。复习的时候,要先看英文翻译中文意思来一遍,然后再看着中文想它的英文单词再来一遍。
前面说过,在泛听,泛读中忘了的词要和背的时候就记不住的词分着记下来,就是为了在复习的时候区别对待。忘了的词,要每天看一遍,会了就划掉,而记不住的词则在背完了整个字母以后,单独背一下这些词,平常就不用看了。
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(Cracking the GRE 2006 Edition - Princeton Review)
HIT PARADE GROUP 1
&abscond&&&
to steal off and hide
aberrant&&&
adjective&&&
deviating from the norm (noun form: aberration)
alacrity&&&
eager and enthusiastic willingness
anomaly&&&
deviation from the normal order, form, abnormality
(adjective form: anomalous)
approbation&&&
an _expression of approval or praise
arduous&&&
adjective&&&
strenuous, requiring significant effort
assuage&&&
to appease or pacify
audacious&&&
adjective&&&
recklessly bold (noun form: audacity)
austere&&&
adjective&&&
ascetic (noun form:
austerity)
axiomatic&&&
adjective&&&
possessing self-evident truth (noun form:
canonical&&&
adjective&&&
following or in agreement with accepted, traditional standards
(noun form: canon)
capricious&&&
adjective&&&
inclined to change one' erratic,
unpredictable
censure&&&
t to officially rebuke
chicanery&&&
trickery or subterfuge
connoisseur&&&
an informed and astute judge expert
convoluted&&&
adjective&&&
complex or complicated
disabuse&&&
to set right
discordant&&&
adjective&&&
dissonant or harsh in sound
disparate&&&
adjective&&&
fundamentally distinct or dissimilar
effrontery&&&
presumptuousness
eloquent&&&
adjective&&&
well-spoken, expressive, articulate (noun form: eloquence)
enervate&&&
to reduce in vitality
dissatisfaction and restlessness result from boredom or
equivocate&&&
to use ambiguous language with a deceptive intent (adject form:
equivocal)
erudite&&&
adjective&&&
scholarly (noun form: erudition)
exculpate&&&
to clear of blame
exigent&&&
adjective&&&
urgent, requiring, immediate action or attention
extemporaneous&&&
done without preparation
filibuster&&&
intentional obstruction, esp. using prolonged speechmaking to delay
legislative action
fulminate&&&
to loudly attack or denounce
ingenuous&&&
adjective&&&
lacking in sophistication
adjective&&&
accustomed to accepting something undesirable
irascible&&&
adjective&&&
prone to temperamental outbursts
to praise highly (adjective form: laudatory)
easily understood
magnanimity&&&
the quality of being generously noble in mind and heart, esp. in
forgiving (adjective form: magnanimous)
martial&&&
adjective&&&
associated with war and the armed forces
&mundane&&&
adjective&&&
typical of or concerned with the ordinary
nascent&&&
adjective&&&
in early developmental stages
nebulous&&&
adjective&&&
lacking clearly defined form
neologism&&&
a new word, _expression, the creation or use of new words
noxious&&&
adjective&&&
harmful, injurious
adjective&&&
lacking sh not clear or precise in thought or
_expression
obviate&&&
to anticipate and make unnecessary
onerous&&&
adjective&&&
burdensome
a song or hymn of praise and thanksgiving
a humorous imitation intended for ridicule or comic effect, esp. in
literature and art
perennial&&&
adjective&&&
recurrent through th happening
repeatedly
perfidy&&&
intenti treachery (adjective form:
perfidious)
perfunctory&&&
adjective&&&
done without care or interest
perspicacious&&&
adjective&&&
having keen discernment (noun form:
perspicacity)
prattle&&&
to talk in an empty and idle manner
precipitate&&&
adjective&&&
acting with excessive haste or impulse
precipitate&&&
to cause or happen before anticipated or required
predilection&&&
a disposition i preference
prescience&&&
for knowing of events prior to their occurring
(adjective form: prescient)
prevaricate&&&
to delibera to mislead
&qualms&&&
causes for hesitancy
to retract, esp. a previously held belief
to successfully argue against
relegate&&&
to forcibly assign, esp. to a lower place or position
reticent&&&
adjective&&&
reluctant to express thoughts and feelings
solicitous&&&
adjective&&&
adjective&&&
characterized by filth, grime, foul
sporadic&&&
adjective&&&
occurring only occasionally, or in scattered instances
squander&&&
to waste by spending or using irresponsibly
adjective&&&
not moving, active, at rest
stupefy&&&
to stun, baffle, or amaze
synthesis&&&
the combination of parts to make a whole (verb form:
synthesize)
a force that causes rotation
tortuous&&&
adjective&&&
winding, excessively complicated
truculent&&&
adjective&&&
eager to fight
veracity&&&
truthfulness, honesty
virulent&&&
adjective&&&
bitterly hostile or
antagonistic
voracious&&&
adjective&&&
having an insatiable appetite for an
to be unsettled in opinion
END OF LIST 1
HIT PARADE GROUP 2
to lessen in intensity or degree
accolade&&&
an _expression of praise
adulation&&&
intense adoration
aesthetic&&&
adjective&&&
dealing with, appreciative of, or responsive to art or the
ameliorate&&&
to make better or more tolerable
ascetic&&&
one who practices rigid self-denial, esp. as an act of religious
avarice&&&
greed, esp. for wealth (adjective form: avaricious)
a universally recognized principle (adjective form:
axiomatic)
burgeon&&&
to grow rapidly or flourish
bucolic&&&
adjective&&&
characteristic of rural areas and their
inhabitants
cacophony&&&
harsh, jarring, dissonance (adjective form:
cacophonous)
an established set of principles or code of laws, often religous in
nature (adjective form: canonical)
castigation&&&
severe criticism or punishment (verb form: castigate)
catalyst&&&
a substance that accelerates the rate of chemical reaction without
a person or thing that causes change
caustic&&&
adjective&&&
causing corrosion
adjective&&&
adjective&&&
appealing forcibly t convincing
complaisance&&&
the willingness to comply with the wishes of others (adjective
form: complaisant)
contentious&&&
adjective&&&
causing controversy or
disagreement
&contrite&&&
adjective&&&
seeking forgiveness (noun form:
contrition)
culpable&&&
adjective&&&
deserving blame (noun form: culpability)
smallness o a lack
to question or oppose
didactic&&&
adjective&&&
intended to teach or instruct
discretion&&&
cautio ability to make responsible decions
(adjective form: discrete)
disinterested&&&
adjective&&&
free of bias or self- impartial
dogmatic&&&
adjective&&&
expressing a rigid opinion based on unproved or improvable
principles. (noun form: dogma)
ebullience&&&
adjective&&&
the quality of lively or enthusiastic _expression of thoughts and
feelings (adjective form: ebullient)
eclectic&&&
adjective&&&
composed of elements drawn from various sources
a mournful poem, esp. one lamenting the dead (adjective form:
emollient&&&
adjective/noun&&&
soothing, esp. an agent
that softens or smoothes the skin
empirical&&&
adjective&&&
based on observation or experiment
enigmatic&&&
adjective&&&
difficult to understand (noun form:
ephemeral&&&
adjective&&&
esoteric&&&
adjective&&&
intended for or understood by a small, specific group
a speech honoring the dead (verb form: eulogize)
exonerate&&&
to remove blame
facetious&&&
adjective&&&
fallacy&&&
an invalid a mistaken belief (adjective form:
fallacious)
furtive&&&
adjective&&&
surreptitious
gregarious&&&
adjective&&&
enjoying the company of other people
harangue&&&
verb/noun&&&
to deliver a pomp a long, pompous speech
heretical&&&
adjective&&&
violating accepted dogma or convention (noun form: heresy)
hyperbole&&&
an exaggerated statement, often used as a figure of speech
(adjective form: hyperbolic)
impecunious&&&
adj without money
incipient&&&
adjective&&&
beginning to come into being or to become apparent
adjective&&&
innocuous&&&
adjective&&&
causing no damage
intransigent&&&
adjective&&&
refusing to compromise (noun form: intransigence)
inveigle&&&
to obtain by deception or flattery
adjective&&&
melancholy
adjective&&&
evoking intense aversion or dislike
adjective&&&
i not reflecting light
oscillation&&&
the act or state of swinging back and forth with a steady,
uninterrupted rhythm (verb form: oscillate)
penurious&&&
adjective&&&
penny- ungenerous
pernicious&&&
adjective&&&
potentially causing death
to examine with great care (noun form: perusal)
adjective&&&
extremel showing strong religious devotion
(noun form: piety)
precursor&&&
one that precedes and indicates or announces another
to groom oneself with elaborate care
&prodigious&&&
adjective&&&
abundant in size, force, extraordinary
prolific&&&
adjective&&&
producing larg productive
putrefy&&&
to decay and give off a foul odor (adjective form:
to drink deeply
quiescence&&&
quality of being at rest (adjective
form: quiescent)
redoubtable&&&
adjective&&&
awe- worthy of honor
sanction&&&
noun/verb&&&
authoritative pe a penalty intended to enforce
to give permission or authority to
a literary work that ridicules or criticizes a human vice through
humor or derision ( satirical)
squalid&&&
adjective&&&
wretched and dirty as from neglect (noun form:
adjective&&&
indifferent to or unaffected steadfast (noun
supplant&&&
dormant (noun form: torpor)
ubiquitous
adjective&&&
existing everywh co
wide-spread
adjective&&&
elegant (noun form: urbanity)
to characterize harshly
viscous&&&
sticky (noun form: viscosity)
HIT PARADE GROUP 3
keen, accurate judgement or insight
adulterate&&&
to reduce purity by coming with inferior ingredients
archaic&&&
associated with an earlier, perhaps more
primitive, time
to declare or assert
bolster&&&
to provide support or reinforcement
bolster&&&
to provide support or reinforcement
bombastic&&&
adjective&&&
grandiloquent (noun form: bombast)
diatribe&&&
to to mislead
eccentric&&&
adjective&&&
departing from norms or conventions
endemic&&&
adjective&&&
characteristic of or often found in a particular locality, region,
evanescent&&&
adjective&&&
tending to disappear like vapor, vanishing
exacerbate&&&
to make worse or more severe
fervent&&&
adjective&&&
greatly emotional or zealous (noun form: fervor)
fortuitous&&&
adjective&&&
happening by accident or chance
germane&&&
adjective&&&
relevant to appropriate in subject
grandiloquence&&&
pompous speech or _expression_r(adjective form:
grandiloquent)
hackneyed&&&
adjective&&&
rendered trite or commonplace by frequent usage
halcyon&&&
adjective&&&
calm and peaceful
hedonism&&&
devotion to pleasurable pursuits, esp. to the pleasures of the
senses (a hedonist is someone who pursues pleasure)
hegemony&&&
the consistent dominance of one state or ideology over others
iconoclast&&&
one who attacks or undermines traditional conventions or
institutions
idolatrous&&&
adjective&&&
given to intense or excessive devotion to something (noun form:
impassive&&&
adjective&&&
revealing no emotion
imperturbable&&&
adjective&&&
marked by extreme calm, impassivity and steadiness
implacable&&&
adjective&&&
not capable of being appeased or significantly changed
impunity&&&
immunity from punishment or penalty
inchoate&&&
adjective&&&
not fully formed
infelicitous&&&
adjective&&&
inappropriate
insipid&&&
adjective&&&
without taste or flavor, lacking, bland
loquacious&&&
adjective&&&
extremely talkative (noun form: loquacity)
luminous&&&
adjective&&&
characterized by brightness and the emission of light
malevolent&&&
adjective&&&
having or showing often vicious ill will, spite, or hatred (noun
form: malevolence)
malleable&&&
adjective&&&
capable of be pliable
mendacity&&&
the condition dishonesty (adjective form:
mendacious)
meticulous&&&
adjective&&&
characterized by extrem attentive to
misanthrope&&&
one who hates all other humans (adjective form: misanthropic)
mitigate&&&
to make or become le to moderate
obdurate&&&
adjective&&&
intractable
obsequious&&&
adjective exhibiting a fawning attentiveness
occlude&&&
to obstruct or block
opprobrium&&&
&pedagogy&&&
the profession or principles of teaching, or instructing
pedantic&&&
adjective&&&
overly concerned with the trivial details of l
show-offish about one's knowledge
destitution
pervasive&&&
adjective&&&
having the tendency to permeate or spread throughout
to lose vigor
to illegally use or reproduce
to essential or central part
adjective&&&
precise and brief
placate&&&
to calm by making concessions
platitude&&&
a superficial remark, esp. one offered as meaningful
plummet&&&
to plunge or drop straight down
polemical&&&
adj argumentative
prodigal&&&
adjective&&&
profuse&&&
adjective&&&
given or com extravagant
proliferate&&&
to grow or increase swiftly and abundantly
queries&&&
reservations
querulous&&&
adjective&&&
prone to comp peevish
rancorous&&&
adjective&&&
characterized by bitter, long-lasting resentment (noun form:
recalcitrant&&&
adjective&&&
obstinately
difficult ot manage
repudiate&&&
to refuse to have disown
rescind&&&
to retract
reverent&&&
adjective&&&
marked by, feeling, or expressing a feeling of profound awe and
respect (noun form: reverence)
rhetoric&&&
the art or study of effective use of language for communication and
persuasion
salubrious&&&
adjective&&&
promoting health or well-being
solvent&&&
adjective&&&
able to meet f able to dissolve another
specious&&&
adjective&&&
seeming true, but actua misleadingly
plausible but false
spurious&&&
adjective&&&
lacking auth counterfeit
subpoena&&&
a court order requiring appearance and/or testimony
succinct&&&
adjective&&&
superfluous&&&
adjective&&&
exceeding what is sufficient or necessary
surfeit&&&
noun/verb&&&
an to feed or supply to excess
tenacity&&&
the quality of adherence or persistence
persistent determination (adjective form: tenacious)
tenuous&&&
adjective&&&
having, little s weak
a long and extre a harsh denunciation
transient&&&
adjective&&&
zealous&&&
adjective&&&
impassioned, devoted to a cause (a zealot is a
zealous person)
HIT PARADE GROUP 4
acerbic&&&
adjective&&&
having a sour or bitte biting
aggrandize&&&
to increase in intensity, power, influence or prestige
alchemy&&&
a medieval science aimed as the transmutation of metals, esp. base
metals into gold (an alchemist is one who practices alchemy)
amenable&&&
adjective&&&
responsive to suggestion
anachronism&&&
something or someone out of place in terms of historical or
chronological context
astringent&&&
adjective/noun&&&
having a tightening eff
something with a tightening effect on tissue
contiguous&&&
adjective&&&
convention&&&
a generally agreed-upon practice or attitude
credulous&&&
adjective&&&
tending to gullible (noun form:
credulity)
cynicism&&&
an attitude or quality of belief that all people are motivated by
selfishness (adjective form: cynical)
decorum&&&
polite or appropriate conduct or behavior (adjective form:
derision&&&
scorn, ridicule, contemptuous treatment (adjective form:
verb form: deride)
desiccate&&&
to make dry or dull
dilettante&&&
one with an amateurish or superficial interest in the arts or a
branch of knowledge
disparage&&&
to slight or belittle
divulge&&&
to disclose something secret
to flatter or praise excessively
to show contempt for, as in a rule or convention
garrulous&&&
adjective&&&
pointlessly talkative, talking too much
adjective&&&
superficial
overbearing
imminent&&&
adjective&&&
immutable&&&
adjective&&&
not capable of change
impetuous&&&
adjective&&&
hastily impulsive and vehement
indifferent&&&
adjective&&&
having no showing no bias or prejudice
inimical&&&
adjective&&&
intractable&&&
adjective&&&
not easily obstinate
intrepid&&&
adjective&&&
steadfast and courageous
laconic&&&
adjective&&&
maverick&&&
an independent individual who does not go along with a group or
mercurial&&&
adjective&&&
characterized by rapid and unpredictable change in mood
mollify&&&
to reduce in emotional intensity
neophyte&&&
obfuscate&&&
to make confusing
obstinate&&&
adjective&&&
uncompromising
ostentatious&&&
adjective&&&
characterized by or given to showy
pervade&&&
permeate&&&
throughout (adjective form: pervasive)
phlegmatic&&&
adjective&&&
unemotional
plethora&&&
pragmatic&&&
adjective&&&
practical rather than idealistic
presumptuous&&&
adjective&&&
overstepping due bounds (as of propriety or courtesy); taking
pristine&&&
adjective&&&
probity&&&
adherence t complete and
uprightness
proclivity&&&
a natural predisposition or inclination
profligate&&&
adjective&&&
recklessly extravagant (noun form:
profligacy)
propensity&&&
a natural inclination or tendency, penchant
prosaic&&&
adjective&&&
lacking in spirit or imagination
pungent&&&
adjective&&&
characterized by a strong, sharp smell or taste
quixotic&&&
adjective&&&
f marked by lofty romantic ideals
quotidian&&&
adjective&&&
occurrin commonplace
to make or become thin, to refine
recondite&&&
adjective&&&
dif obscure
refulgent&&&
adjective&&&
to fail t to go back on a promise
sedulous&&&
adjective&&&
hard-working
a piece of broken pottery or glass
soporific&&&
adjective&&&
tending to induce sleep
adjective&&&
arranged at widely spaced intervals
spendthrift&&&
one who spends money wastefully
adjective&&&
difficult to discern
adjective&&&
not explicitly stated
adjective&&&
brief and concise in wording
to publicly praise or promote
trenchant&&&
adjective&&&
penetrating
unfeigned&&&
adjective&&&
not false or hypocritical
untenable&&&
adjective&&&
uninhabitable
vacillate&&&
to waver indecisively between one course of action or opinion and
variegated&&&
adjective&&&
characterized by a variety of patches of different
vexation&&&
irritation (noun form: vex)
vigilant&&&
adjective&&&
alertly watchful (noun form: vigilance)
vituperate&&&
to use harsh c to abuse or censure severely or
volatile&&&
adjective&&&
readily explosive (noun
form: volatility)
BEYOND THE HIT PARADE GROUP 1
to debase by mixing wit
unalloyed means pure
appropriate&&&
to take for one's own use, confiscate
arresting&&&
adjective&&&
holding one's attention as in arrested
adolescence, an arresting portrait
adjective&&&
majestic, venerable
leaning, inclination, proclivity, tendency: "He had a naturally
artistic bent."
bring up, announce, begin to talk about
to tolerate, endure, countenance
cardinal&&&
adjective&&&
major, as in cardinal sin
chauvinist&&&
a blindly devoted patriot
to change as if by dyeing, i.e., to distort, gloss or affect
(usually the first): "Yellow journalism colored the truth."
consequential&&&
adjective&&&
pompous, self-important (primary definitions are: logically
important)
to diminish the intensity or check the vibration of a sound
a tool used for shaping, as in a tool-and-die shop
attempt, experiment: "The newly born fawn essayed a
few wobbly steps."
to demand, call for, require, take: "Even a victorious war exacts a
heavy price."
to cause to fall by striking: "The lumberjacks arrived and felled
many trees."
adjective&&&
inhumanly cruel: "Fell beasts surrounded the explorers."
to sag or droop, to become spiritless to decline: Think of a flag
on a windless day, as in her flagging spirits
adjective&&&
sarcastic, impertinent, as in flippant: a flip remark
to wade across the shallow part of a river or stream
to complain or grumble
a rope, cord, or cable attached to something
to steady or reinforce using a guy: Think guide
intimate&&&
to imply, suggest, or insinuate: "Are you intimating that I cannot
be trusted?"
to tilt or lean to one side: "The ship's broken mast listed
helplessly in the wind."
to move heavily and clumsily: "Lumbering giants on land, walruses
are actually graceful swimmers."
adjective&&&
fitting, proper: "It is altogether meet that Jackie Robinson is in
the baseball hall of fame."
to exploit, to squeeze every last ounce of: "I milked the position
for all it was worth."
pronounce or speak affectedly, euphemize, speak too carefully:
"Don't mince words." Also, to take tiny steps, tiptoe
adjective&&&
exacting, fastidious, extremely precise: "He made a nice
distinction between the two cases."
adjective&&&
to be established, accepted, or customary: "Those standards no
longer obtain."
adjective&&&
hidden, concealed, beyond comprehension
pedestrian&&&
adjective&&&
commonplace, trite, unremarkable, quotidian
adjective&&&
multicolored, usually in blotches: "The Pied Piper of Hamlin was so
called because of his multicolored coat."
to lose vigor (as through grief): to yearn
plastic&&&
adjective&&&
moldable, pliable, not rigid
courage, spunk, fortitude: "Churchill's speeches inspired the pluck
of his countrymen during the war."
to pry, to press something taken by force,
spoils: "The information was prized from him."
to complain about bitterly: "Early American progressives railed
against the railroad barons."
torn, past of rend: "He rent his garments"; an opening or tear
caused by such: a large rent in the fabric
to lose courage, turn frightened
qualify&&&
to limit: "Let me qualify that statement."
to enervate or weaken the vitality of: "That race sapped my
strength."
a fool or nitwit: "Don't be a sap!"
adjective&&&
contemptible, despicable: "He was a scurvy old reprobate."
singular&&&
adjective&&&
exceptional, unusual, odd: "He was singularly well-suited for the
a group of trees
to saturate or completely soak, as in to let a tea bag steep: She
was steeped in esoteric knowledge."
the supporting structural cross-part of a wing
to remove (as a parliamentary motion) from consideration: "They
tabled the motion and will consider it again later."
to proffer or offer: "He tendered his resignation."
to change one's position: "His detractors say that
the Presid he can never make up his
wit, joker: "Groucho Marx was a well-known wag."
BEYOND THE HIT PARADE GROUP 2
&abjure&&&
to renounc to avoid
adumbrate&&&
to foreshadow to suggest
to obscure or overshadow
anathema&&&
a solemn or ecclesiastical (religious) accursed or
thoroughly loathed person or thing
anodyne&&&
adjective /
soothing, something that assuages or allays pain or comforts
farth zenith
apostate&&&
one who abandons long-held religious or political convictions
apotheosis&&&
deification, glorification to godliness, an exalted example, a
model of excellence or perfection
asperity&&&
severity, roughness, acrimony, irritability
asseverate&&&
to aver, allege, assert
assiduous&&&
adjective&&&
diligent, hard-working, sedulous
omen, portent
bellicose&&&
adjective&&&
belligerent, pugnacious, warlike
calumniate&&&
to slander, mak calumny means slander,
captious&&&
adjective&&&
disposed to point out trivial faults, calculated to confuse or
entrap in argument
to find fault without good reason
celerity&&&
speed, think "accelerate"
chimera&&&
originally, an imaginary fire-breathing
she-monster
contumacious&&&
adjective&&&
insubordinate, contumely means insult, scorn,
debacle&&&
rout, fiasco, complete failure: "My first attempt at a souffle was
a total debacle."
denouncement&&&
an the unraveling of a plot
to discriminate or discern
desuetude&&&
disuse: "After years of desuetude, my French skills were finally
put to use."
desultory&&&
adjective&&&
marked by a lack of plan or purpose: "Her
desultory performance impressed no one."
diaphanous&&&
adjective&&&
transparent, gauzy
diffident&&&
adjective&&&
reserved, shy, lacking in self-confidence:
"Surprisingly, the CEO of the corporation had been a diffident
a song of grief or lamentation: "We listened to the slow, funereal
encomium&&&
glowing and panegyric, tribute, eulogy
to shun or avoid: "She chose to eschew the movie theater,
preferring to watch DVDs at home."
excoriate&&&
to censure scathingly, to upbraid
execrate&&&
denounce, feel loathing for, curse, declare to be evil
exegesis&&&
critical examination, explication
expiate&&&
to atone or make amends for: "Pia Zadora has expiated her movie
career by good works and charity."
extirpate&&&
to destroy, exterminate, cut out, exscind
fatuous&&&
adjective&&&
silly, inanely foolish: "I would ignore such a fatuous
fractious&&&
adjective&&&
quarrelsome, rebellious, unruly, refractory, irritable
gainsay&&&
to deny, dispute, contradict, oppose
heterodox&&&
adjective&&&
unorthodox, heretical, iconoclastic
imbroglio&&&
difficult or embarrassing situation
indefatigable&&&
adjective&&&
ineluctable&&&
adjective&&&
certain, inevitable
inimitable&&&
adjective&&&
one of a kind, peerless
insouciant&&&
adjective&&&
unconcerned, carefree, heedless
inveterate&&&
adjective&&&
deep rooted, ingrained, habitual
adjective&&&
vapid, uninteresting, childish, immature, puerile
lubricious&&&
adjective&&&
lewd, wanton, greasy, slippery
mendicant&&&
a beggar, supplicant
meretricious&&&
adjective&&&
cheap, tawdry, flashy, attracting by false show
minatory&&&
adjective&&&
menacing, threatening (reminds you of the Minotaur, a threatening
creature indeed)
low point, perigee
nonplussed&&&
adjective&&&
baffled, bewildered, at a loss for what to do or think
obstreperous&&&
adjective&&&
noisily and stubbornly defiant, aggressively boisterous
ossified&&&
adjective&&&
tending to become more rigid, conventional, sterile, and
turned into bone
palliate&&&
to make something seem less serious, to gloss over, to make less
severe or intense
panegyric&&&
formal praise, eulogy, panegyrical means expressing
elaborate praise
parsimonious&&&
adjective&&&
cheap, "A parsimonious person parses out his money with
great difficulty."
pellucid&&&
adjective&&&
transparent, easy to understand, limpid
peroration&&&
the conclud flowery, rhetorical speech
&plangent&&&
adjective&&&
pounding, thundering, resounding
adjective&&&
long-winded, prolixity means verbosity: "Michael Gorbachev
is famous for his prolixity."
propitiate&&&
propitious means auspicious,
puerile&&&
adjective&&&
childish, immature, jejune, nugatory
puissance&&&
power, puissant means powerful, "The senator
delivered a puissant speech to the convention."
pusillanimous&&&
adjective&&&
cowardly, craven
remonstrate&&&
to protest, object
sagacious&&&
adjective&&&
ha perceptive, like a sage
salacious&&&
adjective&&&
lustful, lascivious, bawdy
salutary&&&
adjective&&&
remedial, wholesome, causing improvement
sanguine&&&
adjective&&&
cheerful, confident, optimistic
saturnine&&&
adjective&&&
gloomy, dark, sullen, morose
sententious&&&
adjective&&&
apho tending to moralize
excessively
stentorian&&&
adjective&&&
extremely loud and powerful
stygian&&&
adjective&&&
gloomy, dark
sycophant&&&
toady, servile, self- parasite
tendentious&&&
adjective&&&
showing marked tendencies
timorous&&&
adjective timid, fearful, diffident
novice, greenhorn, rank amateur
vitiate&&&
to corrupt, debase, spoil, make ineffective
voluble&&&
adjective&&&
fluent, verbal, having easy use of spoken language
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
“认字,是牢固记字之根本”。
我要在这讲解watch、see、look三个字的区别,你可别小看了这三个简单单词,我可是要小题大做,通过这三个单词讲讲大家学英语里一直忽视的一件大事——“认字”的问题,并告诉大家如何记住英语单词的含义痛彻不忘。
学任何语言都要 “认字”,而每种语言又都有自己认字的方法。汉字靠偏旁部首来认字,不知道三点水、提手旁、草字头……
看汉字就是一堆横竖堆放的乱笔划,学汉字就是“睁眼瞎”。而学英语呢,英语单词靠字母及字母组合的含义来认字,不知道英语字母所包含的造字信息,看英语单词就像看一串毫无含义的电话号码一样,背英语单词就会十分困难,用英语单词就会十分迷茫。
过去大家背记了好多英语单词,但有可能只是“见字”,而不是“认字”,下面我用快步英语说文解字的独家观点给你讲讲watch、see、look三个字的区别,让你知晓英语“认字”的重要性,并下决心去认字,从今后决不再做英语单词的“睁眼瞎”。
watch、see、look三个单词都是“看”,那它们的区别是什么呢?
首先我们来认识watch,这就必须要认识字母w。字母w在西方各种文字中常常表达“重复动、来回动、摆动、多动、连续动”等意思,并可引伸表达“走动、跑动、走远、走开”(“走动”就是两脚的“重复动、来回动”)。字母w是由两个v连在一起组成的,我上一篇博文里讲过,字母v表达“动”的意思,那么两个v连在一起呢,就是“多个动、重复动”的意思,就有了上面的这些含义。如walk、went、way中的w,就表示双脚来回的走动;如wait中的w,就表示焦急等待地原地来回走;如wave(挥手、浪)中的w,就表示手的来回摆动或海浪的来回涌动;如work中的w,就表示团团转地跑动(我上篇博文里讲过or表示“圆”,work表示沿着圆重复动作,一般表示体力劳动的忙碌);如winter(冬天)中的w,就表示走远、走开,表示一切生命迹象都走掉和消失的冰天雪地的冬天。
因此从w来看watch所表示的“看”,就不是老老实实地呆在那看,而是走着看、跑着看、跟踪着看、围绕着看、观察着看,它一般表达看一个动态的目标,并有观察、跟踪、捕捉信息的意思(这里的tch是捕捉,同catch抓住、chase追逐中的tch和ch)。
那么see呢?这就得先认识se。你认识section(部分), separate(分离的),
select(选择出来)等单词吗?其中的se都是“分离”的意思,see也是“分离”的意思,它最后的字母e仅是个造字补充字母(我在上篇博文里讲过造字补充字母)。因此see所表达的“看”,是“分离”进而引伸为“取得”的意思,是把什么景物信息用眼睛拿到心里、取得到心里、安放到心里、存放到心里的意思,因此see有“明白”的意思,I
see,就是“我看到了,我明白了,这事在我心里了”。
说到用“分离”来表达“看到”,有些读者可能会不服气,觉得牵强,那么我告诉你,世界上的语言在造字哲学上是惊人地相通的,别说是英语里的see了,就是汉语里的“看”字,其发音同“砍”,细究起来也是“分离”的意思,即用眼睛来提取,北京土话里把“看一眼”叫“搂一眼”,这个“搂”,多么形象,不也是“分离+取得”的意思吗?
而look呢?千万别觉得它陌生,其实它在英语单词里有好几个亲兄弟,它们是lock(锁定), link(链接),
like(喜欢,本意是“抓住”), location(位置)…
它们都是“定位”的意思,这里最主要的字母是l(拉长、拉动)和字母k/c(锁定、连接)。为了节省本文的篇幅,我在此不展开对字母l和k/c的讲解,只告诉大家,look,
lock, link, like, location…
这些单词描述的都是一个动作,即“将两物拉到一起连接起来”,因此是“锁定、抓住、连接、定位、位置”等意思。因此look所表达的“看”,是提醒你的注意力,提醒你把目光定位在某个目标上,提醒你此时此刻去看一样东西。
因此,当你第一眼看到一个目标时,请用look去看;当你跟踪观察那个目标时,请用watch去看;当你看完了那个目标,告诉别人你见过它时,请用see,或
I have seen。
怎么样,以上三个“看”字你都“看”懂了吗?请原谅,为了使博文短小精悍,我在此删掉了许多造字细节的讲解,这使你肯定还有诸多疑问,但我相信你应该明白我说的“认字”是什么意思了,并应该能体会到“认字”对学英语有多么重要了。请大家想一想,如果学英语不认字,甘当死记硬背的“睁眼瞎”,那学英语的困难会有多大?就有可能一辈子也不知道、搞不懂、用不好最简单的英语单词watch,
see, look!
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提高记忆质量 考研英语单词记忆七大妙法
学习英语最常遇到的问题,便是词汇不足。词汇不足的人在英文听、说、读、写各方面的能力都会受到严重限制。所以词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位。一般认为背单词是件既吃力,又往往成效不彰的苦差事。实际上,若能采用适当的方法,是可以缩短扩大词汇量所需的时间,并且提高记忆单词的质量的。下面将介绍几种单词记忆法。
一、同类记忆法
通过对英语词汇逻辑记忆法的探究,发现该方法与传统的单词记忆法在记忆的单位、顺序、角度、空间以及思维模式等几个方面截然不同,令人眼界大开。
1.传统的记忆方法是以字母为单位,而逻辑记忆法则以词为单位。例如,按照传统的记忆法,我们要记住dapple这个词,我们得数字母,借助国际音标正确发音,并记住其词性和汉语意思,据心理学家测试,至少要重复100-150次。而逻辑记忆法是以词为单位:apple
苹果;dapple 斑点。若想记住dapple “斑点“这个词,只要在apple一词前面加个
“d”,采用以词为单位的逻辑记忆法,只要重复3、5次就能记住,而且还能起到记一个词就能记住两个词的作用。逻辑记忆法改变词的记忆空间,就是在以词为单位的基础上,拓展记忆空间,实现词汇的纵向扩展,例如,我们现在利用angle一词按照英语26个字母的顺序实施记忆空间的纵向发展:
angle 角、钩;bangle手镯、脚镯;dangle 悬挂;fangle 新款式、新发明;gangle 笨拙地移动;hangle
铁制的锅钩;jangle 发出刺耳的声音;mangle 乱打、乱砍;rangle 喂鹰的小沙砾;wrangle 争吵;tangle
纠缠;entangle 使纠缠;untangle 解开;wangle 扭身挤出;
2.逻辑记忆法与传统的记忆方法的记忆顺序与角度截然不同。逻辑记忆法采用各种顺序,从多角度、多方位、多侧面地去分析某一个具体词汇,找出最少字母组成的词,然后进行由多及少或由少及多地倍增词汇的训练直到形成思维定式熟记不忘。如offspring
后代 spring 春天 spring 春天springe 圈套;dwarf 侏儒再比如:scrap
这个词,按照传统记忆法就是一个词,记住就可以了。但是,根据逻辑记忆法改变记忆单位和改变记忆顺序的要求,我们必须这样记:
scrap(碎片)、crap(掷骰子)、rap(使着迷)
3.英语词汇逻辑记忆法在思维模式上和传统的单词记忆在生词的概念的定义上有很大的差别。它不把某一个词在词首、词中或词尾仅有某一个字母不认识的词当成生词。如lone
孤独的;clone 只是在该词的词首加一个字母“c”,其实,根本不算生词。又如:sturgeon 鲟鱼 surgeon 军医;
comet 彗星
4.再者传统记忆法最大的弊病之一是静止记忆,用直观的、孤立的、简单的记忆模式,而逻辑记忆法的运动记忆可以通过添加或改变字母的方式增加词汇的全方位运动记忆模式,将为任何一个英语学习者创造出连他自己都不敢相信的奇迹。如:slaughter屠杀——laughter
笑声;flak 高射炮——flake 薄片 ramshackle 摇摇欲坠 ——shackle 镣铐 ——hackle 禽鸟的颈毛
dwindle 缩小——swindle 骗取;carpet 地毯——pet宠物——peter 逐渐消失
二、同义记忆法
1.英语广义同义词
assassinate 暗杀;bloodbath 屠杀;butcher 屠杀;carnage 屠杀;hecatomb 屠杀;kill
杀死;massacre 屠杀;murder 谋杀;slay 屠杀;slaughter 屠杀;suicide 自杀。
假如不从英语广义同义词这个角度出发,我们就很难把这些意义相同或相近的词集中在一起记忆。
2.汉语广义同义词
halfway 半路;hemisphere 半球;midnight 半夜;peninsula 半岛;radius
半径;semiconductor 半导体。
假如不从汉语广义同义词这个角度出发,我们就很难把这些意义相同或相近的词集中在一起记忆,因而在理解和使用的过程中就会产生误用和误译的现象。
三、反义记忆法
1.反义对应记忆
把意义相反或相对的一组词集中在一起记忆,这是传统的反义词记忆法。这种方法对我们理解和记忆词汇是有益处的。
Lithe柔软的——rigid刚硬的;Profane亵渎的——pious虔诚的
2.词缀反义记忆
所谓词缀记忆,就是指我们采用为某一具体词汇添加前缀或后缀的方法来强化对反义词的记忆。如添加前缀 un-
表示“不”:sophisticated 老于世故的;unsophisticated
天真无邪的;添加具有相反意义的后缀-ful和-less:harm伤害;harmful有害的;harmless 无害的
3.结构记忆
所谓结构记忆,就是指我们利用某一个或某几个具体词汇的前部结构相同或后部结构相同来强化对反义词的记忆。
前部结构相同,均为 centr ,i 为连接字母:centre 中心;centrifugal 离心的; centripetal
向心的;后部结构相同,均为 anthropic,前缀 mis- 表示“不”,前缀phil- 表示“喜欢”。anthropic
人类的;misanthropic 愤世嫉俗的;philanthropic 乐善好施的。
4.多角度记忆所谓多角度记忆,就是指我们利用某一个具体词汇所具有的某几个不同的意义同不同词汇组成的反义词来强化对反义词的记忆。permanent持久的——evanescent短暂的;permanent固定的——mutable无常的;permanent永久的——temporary暂时的。
四、卡片记忆法
卡片记忆法是最古老、最常用的、最简单易行的方法,就是把要记住的生词写在一张张小卡片上,然后利用课余的时间进行背诵,如课间、放学路上、睡觉前、坐车、等人时不断拿出来翻看。有时又可以通过卡片上的英语单词联想到中文单词,有一些难记忆的单词,可以挑选出来反复背诵,增强记忆。
五、会话记忆法
要记住英语单词,和外国人对话,和老师、同学会话是非常重要的,这样就能增加与这个单词接触的机会,同时又可以温故而知新,对单词能灵活运用。
六、“五官”记忆法
学英语要充分运用到人的各种器官,实际上就是我们平时所说的“心、眼、口、耳、手”。就是要做到眼能看,耳能听,心能想,口能说,手能写。如果能做到准确地记忆和读写每一个单词,那么学习英语单词就会事半功倍。
七、阅读记忆法
阅读记忆法实际上就是通过大量的阅读英语文章来记忆英语单词,也有助于巩固课内学习的单词。有时候为了说明一个事物,就会反复使用某个单词,而反复正是最重要的记忆方法。如果我们把单词一个一个零碎的记忆,效果总是很差的。如果把单词放到句子或是文章中进行记忆,那么记忆的效果就会非常好了。学习英语单词是一件非常有趣的事,只有你有信心,积极探索,就会发现它的魅力。英语单词记忆方法,途径很多。不断总结,贵在坚持,滴水穿石,长期积累,就会得到意想不到的收获,最后,以一记忆方法“口诀”,与考研学子共勉。
1.记单词,要“五到”,眼嘴手脑齐开炮;读写背默各几遍,印象清晰记得牢。
2.记过单词莫靠边,几天之后再看看;似忘非忘又温习,反反复复印心间。
3.单词多了别心烦,分片分组来攻占;五个一组先吃掉,几组连成一大片。
4.结合词组句子记,有情有景有意义;重点段落须背诵,理解深刻有乐趣。
5.要想单词不写错,语音一关还得过;读音规律掌握好,拼写自然少差错。
6.分类归纳便于记,同类词汇放一起;bike,plane和jeep,归到交通工具里。
7.同义近义反义词,辨析对比来记忆,比较对照才开窍,印象深刻记得牢。
8.单词长了容易忘,卡片纸条来帮忙;mathematics不好记,纸条贴到《数学》上。
9.构词法,要学习,前缀后缀有规律;转换常把词类变,合成本是二合一。
10.课外读物有情趣,单词复现便于记;只要坚持常阅读,一举几得大有益。
“冰冻三尺,非一日之寒”,英语学习是要积累的,厚积而薄发。对于最基础的单词,在考研过程中更是要加强记忆,总结归纳,平时学习多留个心眼。每个人都有自己背单词的方法和适合自己的方法,以上的方法大家在学习可结合使用,选择最合适自己的方法,希望能够祝你在英语记忆单词上更上一层楼!
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英语词根词缀记忆大全 俞敏洪
第一部分& 通过词缀认识单词
(常用前缀一)
① 加在单词或词根前面,表示"不,无,非"
acentric 无中心的(a+centric中心的)
asocial 不好社交的(a+social好社交的)
amoral 非道德性的(a+moral道德的;注意:immoral不道德的)
apolitical. 不关政治的(a+political政治的)
anemia 反常的(a+nomal正常的+ous)
② 加在单词前,表示"在…,…的"
asleep 睡着的(a+sleep睡觉)
aside 在边上(a+side旁边)
ahead 在前地(a+head头)
alive 活的(a+live活)
awash .泛滥的(a+wash冲洗)
2、ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等
abnormal 反常的(ab+normal正常的)
abuse 滥用(ab+use用→用坏→滥用)
absorb 吸收(ab+sorb吸收→吸收掉)
absent 缺席的(ab+sent出现→没有出现→缺席的)
abduct 诱拐(ab+duct引导→引走→诱拐)
abject 可怜的(ab+ject抛→抛掉→可怜的)
abstract 抽象的;心不在焉的(abs+tract拉→被拉开→心不在焉)
abstain 戒绝(abs+tain拿住→不再拿住→戒绝)
abscond 潜逃(abs+cond藏→藏起来→潜逃)
abscind 废除(abs+cind剪切→切掉→废除)
abscise 切除(abs+cise剪→剪掉→切除)
abstinence 节制;禁欲(abs+tin拿住+ense→不在拿住→戒除,禁欲)
3、ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意
accelerate陪伴(ac+company伙伴→陪伴)
accentuate加速(ac+celer速度→一再增加速度)
accomplish强制(ac+cent唱歌→一再唱出→强调)
accumulate积累(ac+cumul堆积+ate→堆积起来→积累)
accustom使习惯(ac+custom习俗→习惯习俗)
addict上瘾,入迷(ad+dict说→一再说起→对……入迷)
additive上瘾的(addict的形容词)
adduce引证,举例(ad+duce引导→一再引导→举例说明)
affable亲切的(af+fable说话→不断可以说话→亲切)
afford买得起(af+ford拿出→一再拿出{钱}→买得起)
affirm肯定(af+firm坚定→肯定)
aggression侵略,进攻(ag+gress走+ion→一再往前走→进攻)
aggrandize扩大(ag+grand大→一再大→扩大[权力]等)
aggravate恶化(ag+grav重+ate病加重)
announce通告(an+nounce通知→通告)
appal使震惊(ap+pal白色→[脸]变白→受惊)
applause鼓掌(ap+pease赞扬→一再赞扬→鼓掌)
appreciate欣赏(ap+reci价值+ate→一再给价→欣赏)
appoint指定,任命(ap+point指→指定)
arrange安排(ar+range排列→安排)
arrest逮捕,阻止(ar+rest休息→不让动→逮捕)
arrive到达(ar+rive河→到达河边→达到目标)
assault进攻(as+saul跳→跳起来→进攻)
assiduous勤奋的(as+sid坐+uous→一再坐着[学习] →勤奋)
assist帮助(as+sist站→站过来→帮助)
associate联合,结合(as+soci社团+ate→结成团队→联合)
assimilate吸收;同化(as+simil相同+ate→成为相同→同化)
assure肯定;确信(as+sure确定→一不再确定→肯定)
attach附上;依恋(at+tach接角→接触上→附上)
attain达到;获得(at+tain拿住→获得)
attend(at+tend关心→关心到了→出度)
attract吸引(拉→拉过来→吸引)
attest证实(at+test试验→一再试验→证实)
4、ad-加在在单词或词根前,表示"做…,加强…"
adapt适应(ad+apt能力→有适应能力)
adept熟练的(ad+ept能力→有做事能力→熟练的)
adopt收养;采纳(ad+opt选择→选出来→采纳)
adhere坚持(ad+here粘→粘在一起→坚持)
adjacent邻近的(ad+jacent躺→躺在一起→邻近的)
adjoin贴近;毗连(ad+join参加→参加在一起→贴近)
administrate管理;执行(ad+ministr部长+ate→做部长→管理)
admire羡慕(ad+mire惊奇→惊喜;羡慕)
adumbrate预示(ad+umbr影子+ate→[将来的]影子出现→预示)
adjust调整(ad+just+正确→弄正确→调整)
adventure冒险(ad+venture冒险)
admonish告诫,警告(ad+mon警告+ish→一再警告)
advent来临,来到(ad+vent来→来到)
5、amphi-表示"两个,两种"
amphibian两栖动物(amphi+bi生命+an→两个生命→两栖动物)
amphicar水陆两用车(amphi+car车→两用车)
6、an-在词根前,表示"不,无"
anarchism无政府主义(an+arch统治+ism→无统治→无政府主义)
anharmonic不和谐的(an+hamonic和谐的→不和谐的)
anechoic无回声的(an+echo回声+ic→无回声的)
anonymous匿名的(an+onym名字+ous→匿名的)
7、ana-表示"错误,在旁边,分开"
analogy类比;类似(ana+logy讲话→再旁边讲→讲一样的东西→类似)
analogous类似的(analogy的形容词)
analysis分析(ana+lysis分开→分开来→分析)
8、ante-表示"前面,先"
antedate提前写日期;先于,早于(ante+date日期→提前写日期)
anterior前面的(ante+erior[…的] →前面的)
antecedent(aute+ced走+ent→走在前面的[事] →前事)
9、anti-表示"反对,相反"
antiwar反战的(anti+war战争)
antipathy反感(anti+pathy感情)
antithesis对立;反论(anti+thesis论文;观点)
antibacterial 抗菌的(anti+bacterial细菌的)
antibody抗体(anti+body身体)
10、人,人类-anthrop(o)
anthropology[anthropo人类,-logy…学者]人类学
anthropologist[anthropo人类,-logist…学者]人类学者
anthropogeography[anthropo人类,gegoraphy地理学]人类地理学
anthropomorphous[anthropo人,morph形,-ous…的]有人形的,似人的
anthroposociology [anthropo人类,sociology社会学]人类社会学
11、人民―(1)popul
population[popul人民→居民,-ation名词字尾]全体居民,人口
populous [popul人民→居民,-ous…的]人口稠密的
populate [popul人民,-ate动词字尾,使…,做…]使人民居住于…中,使人口集中在…之中,移民于….
Repopulate [re-再,重新,见上]使人民重新居住于…
Depopulate [de-除去,去掉,popul人民→人口,-ate使…]使(某地)人口减少,减少人口
Popularity[见上,-ity名词字尾,表示性质]大众性,通俗性
Popularize[见上,- ize…化,使…](使)大众化,(使)普及,推广
Popularizer[见上,-er者]普及者,推广者
Popularization[见上,-ation表示行为]普及,推广,通俗化
Populace[popul人民→平民,-ace名词字尾]平民,大众
人民-(2)dem(o)
democracy[demo人民,cracy统治;"人民统治"→人民做主→]民主;民主政治,民主政体;民主主义
democrat[见上,crat主张…统治的人]民主主义者
democratism[见上,-ism主义]民主主义
democratize[见上,-ize…化]民主化;使民主化
democratic[见上,-ic…的]民主的,民主主义的;民主政体的
demography[demo人民→人数,人口,graphy写,记录→统计]人口统计学
demographic[见上,-ic…的]人口统计的
epidemic[epi-在…之间,dem人民,-ic…的;"流行于人民之中的" →]流行的,传染的;流行病,时疫
epidemiology[见上,- io-连接字母,-logy…学]流行病学
epidemiologist[见上,-logist…学者]流行病学者
epidemiological[见上,-logical…学的]流行病学的
男-(1)andr(o)
androgyne[andro男人,gyn女人]具有男妇两性的人,阴阳人
androgynism[andro男,gyn女,-ism表性质状态]半男半女
男-(2)vir
virile[vir男,ile形容词字尾,…的]男的,男性的,男子的,有男子气概的,有男性生殖力的
virilism[见上,-ism表示现象]男性现象
virility[见上,-ity表示性质]男子气概,男生殖力,男子的成年
女-(1)gyn(o);&&
gynecology[gyneco妇女,-logy…学]妇科学,妇科
gynecologist[见上,-ist人]妇科医生
gynecian[gynec妇女,-ian…的]妇女的,妇人的
女-(2)&&&&&
female[fem女,妇女]女性的,妇女的;女子
feminine[femin女,-ine…的]女性的,妇女的
femininity[femin女,-ality表示性质]女性,妇女的特性
femininity[feminine(e)女性的,-ity表示性质]女子的气质,女人气,妇女总称
feminism[femin女,-ism主义]男女平等主义;[-ism表示行为]争取女权运动
femme妇女;妻子
① 构成动词,表示"使…成为"
beguile欺骗(be+guile欺骗)
belie掩盖(be+lie说慌)
bequeath遗留给,传下(be+queath要求→要求给某人→遗留给)
besiege围攻(be+siege包围→包围起来)
beware注意(be+ware注意)
befriend友好对待(be+friend朋友)
befool欺骗(be+fool笨蛋→使人成笨蛋→欺骗别人)
befall降临;发生(be+fall掉下→掉下来→发生)
belittle小看(be+little小→小看人)
bewilder使…迷惑(be+wilder迷惑)
② 构成一些介词
before在前面(be+fore前面)
beneath在下面(be+neath下面)
13、bene- 表示"善,好"
benewolent好意的(bene+vol意愿+ent→好意的)
benefaction好事;恩惠(bene+fact做+ion→好事)
benefit好处,利益(bene+fit做→做事后的好处→利益)
benediction祝福(bene+dict说+ion→说好话)
beneficent仁慈的,善行的(bene+fic做+ent→做好事的)
14、bi-表示"两个,两"
biweekly双周刊(bi+week星期+ly→两星期)
bilingual双语种的(bi+lingu语言+al→双语的)
biennial两年一次的(bi+enn年+ial→两年〔一次〕的)
biannual一年两次的(bi+ann[年]+ual→一年两次的)
15、by-表示"在旁边,副的"
byproduct副产品(by+product产品)
byroad辅路(by+road路)
byway小道(by+way小路)
bygone过时的(by+gone过去的)
bypass旁路;忽略(by+pass通过→从旁边通过→忽略)
by work副业(by+work工作)
16、circum-表示"环绕,周围"
circumcise环割(circum+cise切→环切)
circumference周长(circum+fer带来→ence→带来一圈→周长)
circumnavigate环航世界(circum+navigate航行)
circumscribe限制(circum+scribe写→规定范围→限制)
circumspect小心谨慎的(circum+stance站→站在周围→环境)
circumvent回避(circum+vent走→绕圈走→回避)
17、co-表示"共同",通常放在元音词根前
Cooperation合作(co+operation操作→共同操作→合作)
Coagulate凝结(co+agul凝聚+ate→凝聚起来)
Coalesce联合;合作(co+al=ally联盟+esce)
Coexist共存(co+exist存在)
Cohere附着;粘着(co+here粘→粘在一起)
Coincide一致,符合,巧合(co+in进+cide掉下→共同掉进来→巧合)
Coordinate协调:同等的(co+ordin顺序+ate→顺序一样→同等的引申为平等;协调)
18、col-,cor在同辅音词根前,表示"共同"
collaboration协作;合著(col+labor劳动+ation→共同劳动)
collocate并置,排列(col+loc地方+ate→放在同一地方→排列)
co lingual用同一种语言的(col+lingu语言+al→同语言的)
collapse倒塌(col+lapse滑倒→全部滑倒→倒塌)
collate校对(col+late放→放到一起→校对)
collateral并列的,并行的(col+later边→al→周边的→并列的)
colleague同事(col+→league捆绑→捆绑在一起的人→同事)
collect收集(col+lect选择→放在一起选择→收集)
collegiate学院的; 学生的(col+legi读+ate→共同读书→学院的)
colloquial口语的(col+loqu说+ial→两人一起说→口语会话的)
collusion共谋,勾结(col+lus玩+ion→共同玩弄→共谋)
correct改正,纠正(cor+rect正→全部改正→纠正)
correspond通信;符合(cor+respond反应→共同反应→相互通信)
corrupt腐败的;变环的(cor+rupt断→全部断→变坏的,腐败的)
corrigible能够改正的(cor+rig改正+ible→全部改正的)
corroborate证实(cor+robor力量+ate→用力量→证实)
19、com-,con-表示"共同"
combine联合,结合(com+bine捆→捆在一起→结合)
compassion同情(com+passion爱国者→同胞)
compatriot同胞(com+patriot动→大家一起动→动乱)
commend赞扬;推荐(com+mend信任;命令→大家信任→赞扬;参考;recommend)
commemorate纪念(com+memor记住+ate→大家一起记住→纪念)
commensurable相等的,相称的(com+mensur测量+able→能放在一起的测量→相等的)
comparison比较(com+pari平等+son→一起平等→比较)
compact紧密的;合同(com+pact压紧→全部压紧→紧密的)
comfort安慰(com+fort加强→[精神]强大→安慰)
commodious宽敞的(com+mod动+ious→共同动→有动的地方→宽敞的)
compete比赛(com+pete追求→一起追→比赛)
component成分(com+pon放+ent→放到一起[的东西]→成分)
compress压缩(com+press压→一起压→压缩)
concentric同中心的(con+centric中心的)
contemporary同时代的(con+tempor时间+ary→同时间的)
conclude结束;总结(con+clude关闭→全部关闭→结束)
confirm坚定;证实(con+firm坚定)
condense凝结;浓缩(con+dense 浓密的)
consolidate巩固,加强(con+solid坚固+ate→成为大家的财产→没收)
Conflict冲突(con+flict打→一起打斗→冲突)
Confluence汇流(con+flu流+ence→共同流→汇流)
Congregate集合的,聚集的(con+greg集合+ate→集合到一起→聚集的)
Console安慰(con+sole安慰→一起安慰)
20.contra-表示"反对,相反"
contrary相反的(contra+ary→相反的)
contradict反驳;矛盾(contra+dict说→反着说→反驳)
contravene违反,违背(contra+vene走→反着走→违反)
contraband走私(contra+band命令→违反命令做事→走私;参考:ban禁止)
21.counter-表示"反对,相反"
counteract对抗;抵消(counter+act行为→反着行动→对抗)
counterbalance平衡(counter+balance平衡→两边一样→达到平衡)
countermand撤消(counter+mand命令→反命令→撤消〔命令〕)
① 表示"去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下"等
destruction破坏(de+struct结构;建造+ion→弄坏结构→破坏)
desalt除去盐分(de+salt盐→去掉盐分)
deforest砍伐森林(de+forest森林→去掉森林)
devalue降低价值(de+value价值→去掉价值)
depress压制,压抑(de+press压→向下压→压制)
detrain下火车(de+train火车)
decelerate减速(de+celer速度+ate→使速度变慢)
decode破译(de+code密码→去掉密码)
defame诽谤,中伤(de+fame名声→名声变坏→诽谤)
② 表示"使…成为,加强"等
delimit 划定界限(de+limit限定→加强限定)
depict描绘(de+pict图画→成为图画→描绘)
design设计;计划(de+sign做标志→设计)
definition定义;清晰(de+fin界限+ition→划出界限→定义)
① 表示"两个,双"
dichromatic两色的(di+chrom颜色+atic→两色的)
dioxide二氧化物(di+ox氧+ide→二氧化物)
dilemma进退两难(di+lemma争论→二种争论→进退两难)
dichotomize分成二,对分(dicho=di+tom切割+ize→切成二分)
② 表示"使…变成,分开,离开"
dilate膨胀,扩大(di+late放→分开放→扩大)
dilute冲淡,稀释(di+lute冲洗→冲洗开→冲淡)
digest消化;文摘(di+gest带→带下去→消化→经过消化后的精华→文摘)
diminish减少;消失(di+mini小+ish→变小,减少)
digress离题(di+gress走→走开→离题)
divide分开(di+vide分开→分开)
divorce离婚(di+vorce=vert转→从〔丈夫身边〕转开→离婚;参考:divert转开)
父,祖-patr(i);&&
part(o);&&
patriarch[patri父,祖arch首脑,长]家长;族长
patriarchal[见上,-al…的]家长的;族长的;家长似的
patriot[patri祖→祖国,-ot名词字尾,表示人]爱祖国者,爱国主义者
patriotic〔见上,-otic形容词字尾,…的〕爱国的
patriotism[见上,-ism主义]爱国主义;爱国心
unpatriotic〔un-不,见上〕不爱国的
patenal〔pater父,-n-,-al…的〕父亲的,父系的
paternalism[见上,-ism表示行为,现象]家长式统治,家长作风
母-matr(i);&&
matriarch[matri母→女性,arch首脑,长]女族长;女家长
matrimony[matri母→婚姻,-mony名词字尾]婚姻,结婚
matrimonial〔见上,-al…的〕婚姻的,结婚的
matron〔mart母,-on表示人〕主妇,老妇
matronage[见上,-age名词字尾]主妇的身份或职责
maternal[matr母,-n-,-al…的]母亲的,母性的
maternity[见上,-ity名词字尾]母性的,母性的
metropolis[metro母,polis城市;"母城" →首城,最大的城]大城市,主要城市,大都会,首府
24.dia-表示"穿过,二者之间"
dialogue对话(dia+logue话→对着说话)
diameter直径(dia+meter测量→对着测量〔圆〕直径)
diaphanous透明的;精致的(dia+phan显示+ous→对面显示〔影子〕→透明的)
dialectic辩证法(dia+lect讲+ic→二人对讲→辩证法)
diagnosis诊断(dia+gnosis知道→穿过〔皮肤〕知道→诊断)
diagram图表(dia+gram→交叉对着画→图表)
25.dif-和辅音重复表示"不,否定,分开"
differ不同(dif+fer带来→带来不同→不同)
difference不同(differ的名词)
diffident自卑的(dit+fid相信+ent→不相信〔自己〕→自卑的)
diffuse散布的,散开的(dif+fusc流→分开流→散布的)
difficult困难的(dif+fic做+ult→不好做→困难的)
difform不同形式的;不规则的(dif+form形状→形状不同)
① 表示"不,消失掉"
dislike不喜欢(dis+like喜爱→不喜爱)
disorder无秩序(dis+order顺序→没有顺序)
dishonest不诚实的(dis+honest诚实的)
disappear消失(dis+appear出现→不出现→消失)
disproof反证,反驳(dis+proof证实→不证实→反证)
discourage使失去勇气(dis+courage勇气)
disarm解除武装(dis+arm武装→去掉武装)
dispel驱除,消除(dis+pel推→推开→驱除)
dispassionate平心静气的(dis+passionate有激情的)
discover发现(dis+cover盖→把盖揭开→发现)
dismay沮丧(dis+may能够→不能做事→沮丧;参考:五月能种粮食,所以叫May)
② 表示"分开,分离"
disseminate散布,传播(dis+semin种子+ate→散布〔种子〕)
dispense分配(dis+pense花费→分开花费→分配〔财富等〕)
distract分心(dis+tract拉→把〔心〕拉开→分心)
distend膨胀(dis+tend拉→分开拉→膨胀)
discriminate辨别;歧视(dis+crimin分辨→ate→分辩开)
dismiss解散;开除(dis+miss送→送出→解散)
disburse支付,支出(dis+burse钱包→从钱包中分出→支出)
discard丢弃,抛弃(dis+card扔→扔出去)
discuss讨论(dis+cuss敲打→把〔问题〕分开敲→讨论)
27.dys-表示"坏,不良"
dyspepsia消化不良(dys+peps消化;胃+ia病→消化不好)
dystrophy营养不良(dys+trophy营养)
28.e-,ef-表示"出,出来"
elongate延长,拉长(e+long长+ate→长出来)
elaborate精工细做的(e+labor劳动+ate→劳动出来→精做的)
eject投出,掷出(e+ject掷→掷出)
emerge浮现(e+merge投入;淹没→淹没的东西出现→浮现)
evade逃出,逃避(e+vade走→走出去→逃避)
eradicate根除,灭绝(e+radic根+ate→把根挖出→根除)
effluence流出(ef+flu流+ence→流出)
29.em-,en-
① 表示"进入…之中,包围"
embrace拥抱(em+brace胳膊→进入怀抱)
embed安置;嵌于(em+bed范围;床→进入范围→安置)
empathy感情相融的(em+pathy感情→进入感情)
embarrass使难堪(em+barrass套子→进入套子→难堪)
embattle整军备战(em+battle战斗)
enroll注册,记入名册(en+roll名单)
encage关入笼中(en+cage笼子)
enchain束缚(en+chain锁链)
② 表示"使…进入状态"
empower授权(em+power权力)
embitter使痛苦(em+bitter痛苦的)
embody体现(em+body身体→〔精神〕进入身体→体现)
embellish装饰(em+bell美好+ish→进入美好→装饰)
emboss使凸出(em+boss凸出→使凸出)
emphreal天空的(em+pyre火+al→进入火、太阳→天空的)
enact制定;颁布(en+act行动→进入行动→颁布〔法令〕)
enchant使迷醉(en+chant咒语→被咒语所迷醉)
encompass包围,围绕(en+compass包围)
endanger使危险(en+danger危险)
encourage鼓励(en+courage勇气→使人进入勇气→鼓励)
enlighten启发,开导(en+ligh光+en→给人光明→启发)
30.epi-表示"在….上,在….周围,在….后面"
epidemic流行性的(epi+dem人民+ic→在人民周围→流行的)
epigram警句,格言(epi+gram写→写在上面的话→格言)
epilogue后记,结尾部分(epi+lougue说→在后面说的话→后记)
episode一段经历,片段(epi+sode路→在路上→一段经历;片段)
epitome梗概,缩影(epi+tome卷册→〔一卷书后的〕梗概)
31.eu-表示"好,优秀"
eulogize赞美(eu+log说+ize→说好话)
euphemism委婉的词语(eu+phem讲话+ism→讲好话)
euphonious声音优美的(eu+phon声音+ious→声音好听的)
eurhythmic协调的(eu+rhythm节奏+ic)
euphoria幸福愉快感(eu+phor带来+ia→带来美好→愉快)
eugenics优生学(eu+gen产出+ics→产生优秀〔后代〕→优秀生)
① 表示"出,出去"
exclude排外(ex+clude关闭→关出去→排外)
expel赶出,逐出(ex+pel推→推出去→逐出)
expose暴露(ex+plse放→放出去→暴露)
exalt使升高(ex+alt高→高出来→升高)
extract抽出,拔出(ex+tract拉→拉出→拔出)
excise切除(ex+cise切→切出→切除)
exceed超过,超出(ex+ceed走→走出→超出)
exhale呼气(ex+hale气→出气→呼气)
exhume掘出,挖出(ex+hume土→出土→挖出)
expurgate净化;删去(ex+purg冲洗+ate→冲洗出来→净化)
② 表示"前面的,前任的"
ex-wife前妻(ex前+wife妻子)
ex-president前任总统(ex前+president总统)
33.exo-表示"外部的,外面"
exotic来自异国的(exo+tic→从外面来的)
exoteric外界的,外面的(exo+teric→外面的)
exocentric外向的,离心的(exo+centric中心的)
exosphere外大气层(exo+sphere球;大气层)
exodus大批移出(exo+odus大批量)
exothermic放出热量的(exo+therm热+ic→热外出→放热)
34.extra-表示"以外的,超过的"
extracurriculum课外的(extra+curriculum课程表)
extraordinary格外的(extra+ordinary变通的→超出普通)
extrasolar 太阳系以外的(extra+solar太阳的)
extraneous外来的(extra+aneous…的→从外面来的)
extravagant奢侈的(extra+vag走+ant→走得过分→奢侈的)
extrovert性格外向的(extra+vert转→〔性格〕向外转→外向)
&extrapolate推断(extra+polate放→放到〔事实〕外→推断)
extraviolet紫外线的(extra+violet紫色的)
35.fore-表示"前面,预先"
forestall阻止(fore+stall阻止)
forebode预兆;凶兆(fore+bode兆头→预兆)
forefather前人,祖先(fore+father父亲;祖先)
forearm前人,祖先(fore+amr胳膊)
forecast预料(fore+cast扔→预先扔下→预料)
foreshadow预示,暗示(fore+shadow影子→影子预先来)
36.hetero-表示“异类,异种”
heterosexual异性的(hetero+sexual性别的)
heterodoxy异教,异端(hetero+doxy观点→观点不同)
heterogeneous异类的,不同的(hetero+gen产生+eous→产生不同的)
37.homo-表示“同类的”
homogeneous同类的;同族的(homo+gen产生+eous→产生相同的)
homosexual同性恋的(homo+sexual性别的)
homocentric同中心的(home+centric中心的)
相同的方面治疗)
homogenize使一致(home+gen产生+ize→产生一致→使一致)
38.hyper-表示“超过,太多”
hyperactive活动过度的(hyper+active活动的)
hypersensitive过敏的(hyper+sensitive敏感的)
hypercritical吹毛求疵的(hyper+critical批评的)
hyperbole夸张法(hyper+bole抛→活抛得高→夸张)
hypertension过度紧张;高血压(hyper+tension紧张)
39.hypo-表示“下面,次等”
hypodermic皮下的(hypo+derm皮+ic)
hypothesis假说,假设(hypo+thesis论文→还不是正式的理论→假说)
hypomnesia记忆力减退(hypo+mnes记忆+ia→记忆变得不好)
hypotrophy发育不良(hypo+trophy营养→营养不够→〔导致〕发育不良)
40.il-,ir-
① 放在同辅音词根前表示“不,无”
illegal非法的(il+legal合法的)
illiterate 不识字的(il+literate认字的)
illogical不合逻辑的(il+logical逻辑的)
illimitable无限的(il+limit限制+able)
irregular不规则的(ir+regular规则的)
irrational不合理的(ir+rational合理的)
irrelative无关的(ir+relative相关的)
irresolute无决断力的(ir+resolute果断的)
irreproadchable 无可指责的(ir+reproachable能被指责的)
irrefutable无可反驳的(ir+refutable可反驳的)
irresistible不可抗拒的(ir+resistible可抗拒的)
irrevocable不可取消的(ir+revocable可取消的;来自:revoke取消)
② 表示“使….成为,进入”
illustrate说明,阐明(il+lustr光+ate→进入光明→说明)
illuminate照亮;使明白(il+lumin光+ate→进入光明→说明)
illusion幻觉(il+lus玩弄+ion→被〔幻觉〕玩弄→幻觉)
illusory虚幻的(来自illusion)
irruption闯入,冲入(ir+rupt断+ion→打断〔别人〕→闯入)
irradiate使明亮,生辉(ir+radi发光+ate→发光→生辉)
irritate激怒;刺激(ir+rit擦+ate→进入磨擦→激怒)
41.im-,in-
① 表示“不,无,非”
impossible不可能的(im+plssible可能的)
immoral不道德的(im+moral道德的)
impolite无礼的(im+polite礼貌的)
impartial公平的(im+partial有偏见的)
impassive无动于衷的(im+pass感情+ive→没感情)
impeccable无瑕疵的(im+pecc斑点+able→无斑点的)
immortal不朽的(im+mortal死的)
immutable不变的(im+mutable可变的)
inglorious不光彩的(in+glori光荣+ous→不光荣的)
incapable无能力的(in+capable有能力的)
inhuman不人道的(in+human人道的)
injustice不公正(in+justice公正)
incorrigible积习难改的(in+corrigible可改正的)
inconstant多变的,无常的(in+constant稳定的)
indifferent冷漠的(in+different不同的→同与不同的“事不关已” →冷漠的)
innocuous无害的(in+noc毒害+ous→无害的)
inimitable无可比拟的(in+imit模仿+able→不能模仿的)
insubordinate不服从的,反抗的(in+subordnate服从的)
② 表示“向内,进入”
imprison监禁(im+prison监狱)
impel驱动(im+pel推→推进,驱动)
imperil处于危险中(im+peril危险)
impulse冲动(im+pulse跳动→

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