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已经过百度安全检测，请放心下载阅读理解 Americans are proud of their variety and individuality ,yethey love and respect few things mo——精英家教网——
暑假天气热？在家里学北京名师课程，
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来源：哈尔滨市第三中学学年度上学期高三第一次月考英语试卷(讲解版)
　　Americans are proud of their variety and individuality (个性),yethey love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of a lift operator or the uniform of a five-star general．Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
　　Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes．People have become conditioned to expect higher quality from a man who wears a uniform．The television repairman who wears a uniform is likely to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes．Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic(修理工) is increased by a uniform．What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a hairdresser, or a waiter to lose professional identity (职业身份) than to step out of uniform?
　　Uniforms also have many practical good points．They are often more comfortable and more lasting than civilian clothes．
　　Primary*要点* among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them．Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement．When people look alike, they are likely to think, speak, and act similarly on the job at least．
　　Uniforms also give rise to*导致；引起* some practical problems．Though they are long-lasting, often their initial(最初的) expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes．Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering(洗涤) possible with many types of civilian clothes．
What surprises us is that Americans ________．
still judge a man by his clothes．
think highly of uniforms．
less prefer wearing civilian clothes．
respect a lift operator in uniform．
People are likely to think that a man in uniform ________．
suggests quality work．
shows his social position．
appears to be more practical．
looks more fresh and attractive．
Those who are against uniforms believe that people wearing uniforms ________．
are usually helpful．
have little freedom．
lose personal character．
enjoy greater popularity．
It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
people generally trust a person in uniform．
people enjoy wearing comfortable uniform *not mentioned*
the cost of the uniform is acceptable to people *not mentioned*
people wear uniforms to show their profession．
来源：哈尔滨市第三中学学年度上学期高三第一次月考英语试卷(讲解版)
　　WHO would have thought a man who lived in the Stone Age would be dressed in clothes made in China?A thousand-year-old mummy, nicknamed Otzi the Iceman was wearing a Chinese jacket, latest research has found．But where and how he got the jacket has become a topic of great debate．
　　Otzi is the nickname of a well-preserved (保存完好的)mummy from about 3300 BC He was found in 1991 in the Otztal Valley in the Alps, near the border between Austria and Italy．Two German tourists, Helmut and Erika Simon found him when they were climbing．
Otzi was thought to be the body of a soldier who fought during WWI but was found to be thousands of years older．Analyzing Otzi showed that the items with him were all of different ages．
　　His arrows are 7000 years old, the axe(斧头) belonged to a time hundreds of years later and the skin in which the man was dressed originally belonged to a goat that lived in China．Otzi’s tattoo(纹身) shows that he might have been a wizard(男巫)*witch女巫*, according to Prauda, the official newspaper in Russia．
　　There are still many mysteries surrounding otzi, yet the most famous and frightening one is his curse．It is said that Otzi had mystic(神秘的) powers and those who trouble his dead body will be doomed to die．Otzi has claimed(夺走生命) seven people so far．With the death of several people who have touched the remains of the ancient man, the“Otzi curse(咒语)”mystery has snowballed．
In this passage, the writer suggests that ________．
we should not go to the Alps because many people died there *not mentioned*
many people that have studied Otzi have died
Otzi is an mummy, found in the Alps
Otzi is, because of the clothing he was wearing
The underlined word“snowballed”in the last sentence means that ________．
people pay their respect to the dead by throwing snowballs
people who have touched Otzi’s body have often died shortly after being hit with snowballs
the mystery around the curse gets larger and larger, like a snowball rolling down a hill
Otzi was found buried with many snowballs that scientists agree may have been used as weapons in the time when Otzi was alive
In the passage, which of the following statements is not mentioned?
Otzi was wearing a jacket, made of the skin of a goat that lived in China．
Helmut and Erika Simon discovered Otzi in the Alps in 1991．
Helmut was the victim of Otzi’s curse．
Otzi is said to have mystic powers．
What is the best title of the passage?
The Curse of the Iceman．
A Great Discovery
A Well-preserved Mummy．
A Man Who Lived in the Stone Age
来源：哈尔滨市第三中学学年度上学期高三第一次月考英语试卷(讲解版)
　　When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood-stream．If the danger continues, it will defend itself, or it will run away as fast as possible．
　　Something like this also happens to people．When we are excited, angry, scared or aroused(冲动) by others’ emotions, our bodies go through many physical changes, all of which make us more alert and ready to react．We, too, get ready to defend ourselves or run．Human beings, however, have a problem that animals never face．If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble．Have you ever said something in anger－or hit somebody－and regretted it later?Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told somebody you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then wished later you had kept your mouth shut?It isn’t always wise to express your feelings freely．
　　Does this mean that it’s smarter always to hide our feelings?No!If you keep your feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up(掩饰) inside, your body stays tense．Physical illnesses can develop, and you can feel disturbed badly inside．It can actually be bad for your health．
　　You can try to treat emotions as if they were bananas in the cupboard．You can hide them and you can pretend they don’t exist, but they’ll still be around．And at last you’ll have to deal with them, just like those bananas．
By taking cat as an example, the author wants to show us that ________．
animals can’t control their feelings
people control their feelings
people’s (*physical changes*)are like those of animals in a way *physical reactions are different, because people know how to control or hide themselves．*
people’s bodies go through many physical changes in certain situations, too
It’s mentioned in the text that human beings get into trouble because ________．
we are as alert as animals
we sometimes can’t control our feelings
we always do something wrong to other people *not mentioned*
we don’t pay attention to our physical changes *not mentioned*
The author wants to tell us in the last two paragraphs that ________．
there’s way to deal with our feelings
we should put some bananas in a cupboard when we’re angry or scared
feelings will gradually when we hold them in
we should neither express our feelings freely nor hide the bad feelings inside
The author’s purpose in writing this article is to ________．
tell us that it’s pretty good to keep our feelings inside
give some advice on how to express our feelings freely
make us deal with our feelings in a wise way
make us know it isn’t always good to express our feelings freely
来源：哈尔滨市第三中学学年度上学期高三第一次月考英语试卷(讲解版)
　　Traditionally，universities have carried out two main activities：research and teaching．Many scholars would argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving society．The basic question, however, is：How does society want or need to be served?
　　In recent years, universities have been coming under increasing pressure from both governments and the public to ensure that they do not remain“ivory towers”of study separated from the realities of everyday life．University teachers have been encouraged, and in some cases forced to provide more courses which provide graduates with the technical skills which are commercially useful．If Aristotle wanted to work in a university in the UK today, he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so readily employable as a philosopher．
　　A post-industrial society requires large number of computer programmers, engineers, managers and technicians to keep and develop its economic growth but“man”, as the Bible says,“does not live by bread alone．”Besides requiring medical and social services which do not directly be given to economic growth, the society should also value and enjoy literature, music and art．In these cost-sensible times, it has even been pointed out in being reasonable for the funding of the arts that they can be useful money earners．A successful musical, for example, can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through tourist dollars as any other things．
Some people believe that traditional education ________．
somewhat fails to meet the social needs．
serves the society very well
stresses teaching too much．
stresses research too much
We can infer from the passage that ________．
the governments hold back the college education
the society is not satisfied with the present college education
teachers are always forced to do what they don’t like to do
teachers dislike teaching commercially useful courses
The Aristotle example is used to make the point that ________．
universities in the UK have produced too many good-for-nothing graduates
philosophy is no longer useful as it is difficult to understand
it is advisable(明智的)for today’s philosophers to know computer science
education should serve the social needs
The author believes that ________．
the increase of economy is the aim of today’s society
art is useful when it is made into a money earner
universities should provide literature or art courses
both technical skills and the arts meet the society’s needs
来源：北京市朝阳区学年度高三年级第一学期期末统一考试、英语
　　Children start out a natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them． Helping them enjoy there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment． You only have to share your children’s curiosity． Firstly, listen to their questions． I once visited a classroom of seven－year－olds to talk about science as a job． The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job． when I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence． Finally I said, “Now that we’re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”
　　After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache． Why?”
　　This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours．
　　Secondly, give them time to think． Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think． When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers．
　　Thirdly, watch your language． Once you have a child involved(参加) in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”． These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior． But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over． Instead, keep things going by saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas．
　　Never push a child to “think”． It doesn’t make sense． Children are always thinking, without your telling them to． What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance． The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement．
　　Lastly, don’t tell． Real－life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or television program． Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜),and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner． Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop．
According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is ________
to let them see the world around
to share the children’s curiosity
to explain difficult phrases about science
to supply the children with lab equipment．
In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by ________
any questions
any problems
questions from textbooks
any number of questions
According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ________
ask them to answer quickly
wait for one or two seconds after a question
tell them to answer the next day
wait at least for three seconds after a question
In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in science discussion?
The second and third．
The fourth and fifth．
The fifth and sixth．
The seventh．
The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children’s curiosity except that adults should ________
tell their children stories instead of reciting facts
offer their children chances to see things for themselves
be patient enough when their children answer questions
encourage their children to ask questions of their own
来源：北京市朝阳区学年度高三年级第一学期期末统一考试、英语
　　Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it． They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer．
　　Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time． Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way． Others burst with anger, and scream and yell (咆哮)． But other people keep their anger inside． They can not or will not express it． This is called repressing anger．
　　For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it． They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙)． They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc． In general the person feels excited and ready to act．
Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous． They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure．
　　Doctors say the solution (解决办法) is learning how to deal with anger． They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about． If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry． Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably．”
　　Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry． They said that laughter is much healthier than anger．
“Damaging emotion” means that ________
the emotion is harmless
the emotion is harmful
the feeling is very strong
the feeling is hard
What statement is right?
Were you angry, you would be cancered．
Once you are angry, you must be cancered
Angry as you are often, you can’t be cancered．
Anger may cause you a cancer．
Expressing anger violently ________ repressing it according to some scientists
is just the same as
is more harmful than
is no better than
is much better than
According to the author, you’d better ________
never be angry
cool down you anger before you express it
laugh and laugh when you get angry
admit you are wrong when you are angry
来源：北京市朝阳区学年度高三年级第一学期期末统一考试、英语
　　The greatest recent changes have been in the lives of women． During the twentieth century there was an unusual shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children． A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old． By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, chance and health made it unusual for her to get paid work． Today women marry younger and have fewer children． Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty－five and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty． Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances (家用电器) and convenience foods．
　　This important change in women’s way of life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position． Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity and most of them took a full－time job． However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it． Today the school－leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born． Many more, afterwards, return to full or part－time work． Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with both husband and wife accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfaction of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them．
We are told that ________ in an average family at the end of the 19th century
many children died before they were five
the youngest child would be fifteen
four of five children died when they were five
seven of eight children lived to be more than five
When she was over fifty, the late 19th century mother ________
would expect to work until she died
was usually expected to take up paid employment
would be healthy enough to take up paid employment
was unlikely to find a job even if she is now likely
Many girls, the passage says, are now likely to ________
marry so that they can get a job
leave school as soon as they can
continue working until they are going to have a baby
give up their jobs for good after they are married
According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to ________
stay at home after leaving school
start working again later in life
marry men younger than themselves
marry while still at school
来源：北京市朝阳区学年度高三年级第一学期期末统一考试、英语
　　Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors． A mistake on one inexpensive postage stamp has made the stamp worth a million and half times its original value．
　　The mistake was made more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean． In 1847 an order for stamps was sent to a London printer－Mauritius was to become the fourth country in the world to issue stamps．
　　Before the order was filled and delivered, a ball was planned at Mauritius’ Government House, and stamps were needed to send out the invitations． A local printer was instructed to copy the design for the stamps． He accidentally inscribed the words “Post Office ” instead of “Post Paid” on the several hundred stamps that he printed．
　　Today there are only twenty－six of these misprinted stamps left, fourteen One Penny Orange－Reds and twelve Two Penny Blues． Because of the Two Penny Blue’s rareness and age, collectors have paid as much as $ 16800 for it．
Over a century ago, Mauritius ________
was an independent country
belonged to India
was one of the British colonies
was a small island in the Pacific Ocean
The mistake on the stamps was made ________
in Mauritius
at Mauritius Government House
in a post office
Stamp collectors have paid $ 16800 for ________
fourteen One Penny Orange－Reds
twelve Two Penny Blues
one One Penny Orange－Red
one Two Penny Blue
来源：北京市朝阳区学年度高三年级第一学期期末统一考试、英语
A rock group called the Rocket Crew is on tour． Their agent has asked the town officials about Wilbour City on the tour． The stadium in the town is large enough to hold the expected crowd． Ticket sales in the area would be good because several towns are around Wilbour City． However, many people in the town don’t want a rock concert because they fear the damage the crowd might cause． To settle the problem about whether or not to invite the group to appear, the mayor(市长) took a poll(民意测验)． The results are:
The mayor took the poll among ________ people
From the results of the poll, we know that half of the people or more ________
would buy the tickets for the concert
haven’t yet given their own opinions
are against the invitation to the group
are for the invitation to the group
The concert is probably to be held in ________
a concert hall
What would be the best title for the passage?
The City of Wilbour
The Rocket Crew
A Rock Concert
来源：北京市宣武区学年度高三年级第一学期期末统一考试、英语
　　Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and ，he number of such reasons is small．Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches ，and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way．
　　First ，pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size．The object may be to get a tree of the right height ，and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches ，which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape．Secondly ，pruning may be done to make the tree healthier．You may cut out diseased or dead wood ，or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds．The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air．
　　One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease ，but it is a wound that will heal (愈合)．Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die ，so that there is a period when the tree is at risk．It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible．It is important to make the area ，which has been pruned ，smooth and clan ，for healing will be slowed down by roughness．You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose．Pruning is usually done in winter ，for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference (妨碍) from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed．If this does happen ，it is ，of course ，impossible to paint them properly．
Why should running be done ?
To make the tree grow taller．
To improve the shape of the tree．
to get rid of the small ranches．
To make the small branches thicker．
Trees become unhealthy if the gardener________
To help a wound to dry．
To cover a rough surface．
damages some of the small side branches
Allows too many branches to grow in the middle
Why is a special material painted on the tree ?
To help a wound to dry．
to cover a rough surface．
To make a wound smooth．
To prevent disease entering a wound．
A good gardener prunes a tree________
several times throughout the year
as quickly as possible
occasionally when necessary
regularly every winter
What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ?
To discuss different methods of pruning．
To introduce some common knowledge of pruning．
To explain how trees develop disease．
To give practical instruction for pruning a tree．
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