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高一英语必修一
高一英语必修一知识点I---1 Friendship 知识点 1. be good to 对??友好 be good for 对??有益;be bad to?/be bad for? I will be good to other people.我会善良的对待其他人. It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有阳光的地 方度假会给你带来很多好处。 The Olympics will be good for business. 奥运会的召开将有利于商 业的发展。 be good at 擅长 make good 有成就;成功 as good as 实际上;几 乎等于 a good deal 许多,大量 彻底的;完全的;痛快的 to have a good drink 喝个痛快 2. add up 加起来 add up to 合计,总计 add? to 把??加到?? add to 增加 Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分数加 起来,看看得多少? Some people can add up quite easily in their heads, but not all. Good friends do not add up what th instead they offer help when it is needed. The figures add up to 270. 这些数字加起来是 270。 You shouldn’t add fuel to the flame 你不应该火上加油 Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 焰火使节日的夜 晚更加生色。 The bad weather added to the shipwrecked sailors’ difficulties.恶劣的 天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。 Your friend can not go until he finishes cleaning his bike. not?until/till 意思是“直到?才” ,表示主句谓语所表示的动作 直到 until 状语所表示的时间才发生, 主句的谓语动词表示的是 动作的开始,动词既可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的。 They did not come back until eleven. 他们会在十一点后回来。 I did not notice it until yesterday.我一直到昨天才注重到它。 4. You had to pay to get it repaired get sth done 使??完成/让某人做某事 5. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! calm ?down 使平息, 使平静 calm down 平息/平静下来 The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下 来。 It was a long time before he managed to calm himself down. 过了很久 他才努力使自己冷静下来。 We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying. 我们试图让他平静下来,但他仍不停地哭着。 6. Tell your friend that you are concerned about him. be concerned about 关心,挂念 He was very concerned about his children's education. 他很关心他儿 子的教育。 Please don’t be concerned about me.请别为我操心。 Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她为什么那 么关注他对她的工作的看法? 7. Your friend has gone on holiday and asked you to take care of his dog. go on holiday 度假 be on holiday 正在休假 What fun it will be when we all go on holiday together.我们大家一起去 度假那可太有意思了. take care of 爱护,照料 take care 注意,当心 You are not (physically) strong, so you may as well take care of your health. 你的体格不壮,因此最好注意健康。 8. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose. 在遛狗的 时候,你一粗心松开了手中的狗链。 当 while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主 句的主语一致时,可将从句中的主语和 be 动词省去。 walk sb home/ to a place: 为保证安全而陪某人去某地 It’s late ---let me walk you home. 9. take one’s end-of-term exam 参加期末考试 10. Your friend, who doesn’ work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the t end-of-term exam.(非限制性定语从句) cheat in the exam 考试作弊 11. look at someone else’s paper 看别人的试卷 12. make a list of reasons 列举一些原因 13. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹 的朋友吗? 14. go through 遭遇;经历;熬过;用光(钱);获准,通过 It can go through the test of the time. 它能经受时间的考验. She knew that she had got to go through all the difficulties with her family. He would go through fire and water for his country. 他愿为国家赴汤 蹈火。 15. hide away 躲藏;隐藏 16. I don’ want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people d. t 我不愿像大多数人一样在日记中记流水账 Why don't you set your ideas down on paper? We have had a series of stormy days when we were on the island. The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察让 他在报告中写下他所看见的事情。 16. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不 知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故, 我变得对一切与大 自然有关的事物都无比狂热。 17. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我记得非常清楚,曾有一段时间,湛蓝的天空、鸟儿 的歌唱、月光和鲜花,从未使我心醉神迷过。 18. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. 有一天晚上,我熬到 11 点半故意不睡觉,为的是独自好好看 看月亮一次。 19. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn't dare open a window. 但是因为月光太亮了,我不敢打开窗户。 She speaks French far better than I, so I don't dare talk with her in French. 20. I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 黄昏 时我碰巧在楼上,那时窗户是开着的。 sth happen to sb 某人发生某事 What happened to him? sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 that 。。 。正巧 it so happenedIt happened that he was seen by his father. = He happened to be seen by his father. 他碰巧被他父亲看见了。 As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in. 正当我打算出去找他时,他恰巧进来。 The street lights go on at dusk. 街上的路段在傍晚时分亮起来。 21. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。 It is the first (second?etc) that? (从句谓语动词用现在完成时) It was the first (second?etc) that? (从句谓语动词用过去完成时) the first time 可作从属连词用,引导时间状语从句。The first time I saw her, my heart stopped. It was the first time that I talked with a foreigner face to face. I think we need a face-to-face talk so as to clear the misunderstanding. I have often heard of her. Actually, I've never met her face to face. 22. in one’s power 处于??的控制之中 I have got him in my power. I can ask him to do anything I want. 我控制 了他,我可以让他为我做任何事。 23. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.观看这些已不再是乐趣, 因 为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。 It’s no good/ use doing sth. 做某事时没用的。 24. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. 25. suffer from 患?病; 受?苦痛;遭受 Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic jam. 世界上 大多数大城市都交通堵塞为患。 26. It was such fun to watch it run loose in the park. 27. I’ve got tired of looking nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows. 28. I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly. 29. Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on. with+名词/代词(宾格)+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词在句 中常作伴随状语。 动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻 辑关系。 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 30. have some trouble with sb or sth. 在??上遇到了麻烦 I have some trouble with my studies. 31. get along ? with sb/sth. 与某人相处怎样/某事进展如何? If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice. 如果你在和朋友的相处上有 问题,你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议。 32. This has made me angry. he made her diary her best friend. make 后接复合宾语,宾语补足语须用不带 to 的不定式、形容 词、过去分词、名词等。常见的有以下几种形式: make sb. do sth.让(使)某人做某事。 was made to repeat it.(注意在 He 被动句中,不定式前要加 to) make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物?We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful. make sb./ oneself +v-ed 让某人/自己被?When you speak, you should make yourself understood. make sb.+n. 使某人成为? make it n. /adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. We made him leader of our team. (注 意表示职位的名词前不加冠词) He made it easy for us to understand the text. 33. I’m not good at communicating with people. 34. Although I tried to talk to my classmates, I still found it hard to make friends with them. 35. I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how. 36. Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 琼斯先生单独一人生 活,常常感到孤独。 37. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.如果您给我提 些建议,我会非常感谢的。 would be grateful if?委婉客气提出 (I 请求) 38. join in discussions and show interest in other people’s ideas 39. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.记日记对你来说是个好 习惯。 40. Why not have a try? 41.True f the older, the better. 42. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. 43. A friend in need is a friend indeed.必修 I--unit 2 I---II English around the world 知识点 1. go to the pictures 去看电影 (美) go to the movies 去看电影 ; (英) 2. ?list the countries that use English as an official language 列举把 英语用作官方语言的国家 3. the road to 通向??之路 4. at the end of 在??末端, 在??尽头, the end 最后 by (=finally) 5. because of 因为?? (注意和 because 的区别) Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe pollution. 因为污染严重,许多美丽的鱼类正在面临绝种。 An argument was inevitable because they disliked each other so much. 争论是不可避免的,因为他们彼此非常厌恶。 6. native English speakers 以英语作为母语的人 7. even if (= even though)即使,用来引导一个让步状语从句,后 面既可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,但是 even if/even though, 引导的从句中不用将来时。如:Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing. 8. come up 走上前来,走近,发生,出现 come up with 追上, 赶上,提出 9. Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.事实上,当不同文化相互交流渗透 时,所有的语言都会有所发展、有所变化。 10. be different from be different in 与??不同在??不同Most of my projects will be wildly different in performance from one night to the next. 我多数作品每天晚上的演奏风格都各不相同。 As we know, Britain English is a little different from American English.中 所周知,英国英语和美国英语有点不同。 11. be based on 以??为基础 The relationship between our two countries is based upon mutual respect. 两个国家的关系以相互尊重为基础。 This book is based on a true story that happened in the 1930s. 这本书 以发生在 20 世纪三十年代的真实故事为基础。 The reporter asked the writer who he based his character on. 记者问作 家他作品的人物是以谁为原型的。 12. at present 目前, 眼下 be present at 在席; 出席 present sth to sb / present sb with sth 把??推荐,呈现??for the present 眼前;暂 时 present oneself 出席;到场 13. make (great/ good/better/full)use of We have a lot of work to do, so we have to make good use of time.我们 有很多工作要做,所以要好好利用时间。 14. The latter gave a separate identity to Amerian English speaking. 后 者体现了美国英语的不同特色。 15. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 比如说, 印 度拥有众多讲英语流利的人,这是应为英国于 1765 到 1947 年 统治过印度。 small number of friends came to help him when he was (A in trouble) 16. such as 例如 for example In this paragraph there are many nouns, such as boy, girl, and book. 这一段里面有很多名词,例如男孩、女孩和书本。 Many great men have risen from poverty---Lincoln, for example. 许多伟 人从贫困中崛起,例如林肯。 You can take your research work for example.你可以拿你的研究工作 做个例子。 17. Today, the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. 目前在中学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。 18. the largest number of 大多数的 China has the largest number of people.中国有着世界上最多的人。 19. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as a native speaker. 中国人说英语很难像以英语为母语的人说英语 那么流利。 20. One reason is that English has a large vocabulary. 一个原因是英 语有很大的词汇量。 21. different English speaking countries 不同的说英语的国家 22. sing sb a song = sing a song for sb 23. turn off turn on turn up turn down 24. hold on 坚持住,握住不放;(打电话时)不挂断,等―会 hold on to vt. 拉住(抓牢) 25. believe it or not 信不信由你 26. those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English 人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语 27.You will hear the difference in the way (that/ in which) people speak. 你会听出人们在说话时的差异。 28. play a role/ part (in) 在?中担任角色; 在?中起作用;扮演一个 角色;参与 play an important role/ part 在?中起重要作用 Deng Xiaoping played an important part in developing the economy in China.邓小平在中国经济的发展过程中起着重要作用。 29. from one place to another 从一个地方到另一个地方 30. the same ?as? 与??一样 31. They still recognize and understand each other’s dialects. 他们仍 然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。 32. No problem.没问题 33. a nice fall day = a lovely autumn day 34. at the top of?在?顶上,在最高位, at the bottom of 在??底部 35. keep fit 保持健康 You need exercise and keep fit.你需要运动和保持体形。 36. build up 逐渐积聚,集结;逐步建立;增进,增强 bring up 教养,养育;提出 37. When you learn English, try to have fun with the language. 当学英 语的时候,努力找出语言的乐趣。 38. Visitors are requested not to take photos in the museum. 博物馆要 求参观的旅客不得在馆内拍照。 39. by candle light 借助于烛光 40. be satisfied with?对??感到满意,满足于 Never be satisfied with just a little success. 不要有一点成绩就满足。 41. She suggested using CDs to listen to English songs and learn English expressions, watching the news and interviews on CCTV 9, and trying to listen to native speakers.她建议用 CD 来听英语歌曲和学习英语短 语,看新闻和中央电视台 9 套访谈,努力听以英语为母语的人 说话。 It is suggested that ...有人提议... I suggest that ...我觉得[认为] I suggested you do what he says. 我建议你按照他说的去做。 I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天还是不要去了。 His pale face suggested that he was in bad health. 他苍白的脸色暗 示了他身体不好。 42. at sea 在海上 当海员 迷惑, 茫然 by the sea 在海边, 在海岸边 on the sea 在海上 beyond/over the sea 在海外 She tried to understand the instructions, but she was completely at sea. 她费尽力气想看懂那些说明文字,却全然不知所云。 43. according to ? 按照?? He lives according to her means 他按他的方式生活 by sea 乘船,经海路in the sea 在海里必修 I--unit 3 I---III Travel journal 知识点 1.prefer prefer doing to talking 喜欢做而不喜欢说 prefer to do=prefer doing prefer to do rather than do Which of these two dresses do you prefer? 这两套衣服你喜欢哪一 套? I prerer to go to America for my fruther study. 我更愿意选择去美国进 修学习。 Anne prefers me to replace her at the meeting. 安妮更愿意我代替她 去参加会议。 1.advantages and disadvantages 优劣 2.How do they make use of it in their daily life? 在日常生活中他们是 如何利用它的 3.flow through 流过,流经 4.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 从高中起, 我姐姐王维和我就一直梦 想做一次伟大的自行车旅行。 连词 since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,介词 since 与 表示过去某一点时间的词语连用,副词 since 后不用从句或词 语。 It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延 续)自从??至今已经多久了。 since then 自从那时至今 ever since 从那以后一直 5.persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to. 即 使她不想去上学,他还是说服她去。 6.grow up in western Yunnan 在云南西部长大 7.After graduating fro college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. 大学毕业以后,我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。 8.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到沿湄公河从源 头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。 强调句型 It is/was?that/who 的用法归纳如下: 强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来 说,如果被强调部分是人时,用连词 that 或 who;如果被强调 部分是物, 只能用连词 that。 强调句型应避免使用 when, where, which 等连词。 含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型: ① 含一般疑问句的强调句型,其结构为:Is it+被强调部分 +that/who+句子的其余部分 ② 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为:特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分 9.schedual for the trip 旅行计划 10.be fond of 喜欢,喜爱 Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线 并不清楚,她坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。 (注 意 1:Although conj. “尽管,虽然” ,引导让步状语从句。拓展: ① although 从句多在句首, though 从句可在主句前、中、后 任何位置, 而且 though 可以作副词用于句末, “但是, 作 不过” 讲,而 although 无此用法。 ② although 用来陈述事实而不用于假设,所以 as though(仿佛, 好像),even though(即使,尽管)中不能用 although。 ③ though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(将表语、状语、情态 动词后的动词原形前置到句首,此用法同 as),而 although 不可 以。注意 2:insist 在这里的意思是“坚持要求”后面的 that 从 句用虚拟语气;如果 insist 意为“强调,坚持认为”的时候, 从句可以用任何所需要的时态。例如:She insisted that she didn’ t tell a lie.她强调她没撒谎。另外,还可以用 insist on doing sth/ sth. 一定要、 坚持主张, She insists on getting up early and playing her 如: radio loudly 她老是一大早起来把收音机音量开大。 ) 11.care about details 考虑细节 The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一在乎的就是金钱。 care for 喜欢,照料,照顾 I don’t really care for red wine. 我其实并不喜欢红葡萄酒。 Who will care for your child if you are out? 如果你外出了,谁来照顾 你的孩子? 12.give me a determined look 给了我一个坚定的眼神 13.change one’s mind 改变主意 14.she seemed to be excited about it. 似乎显得兴奋 Seem to do 似乎做某事 15.an interesting experience 一次有趣的经历 16.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了决心,什么也不能使她改变。最后,我只 好让步了。 Once 可作为从属连词,作“一(旦)??就??”解,连接一个 表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时,现在完成时表 将来。 如:Once you have begin you must continue. Once printed,the book will be very popular。 17.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across wetern Yunnan Province. 它穿过深谷时就变成了急流,流经云南 西部。 18.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. 河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷,流向生长稻谷的平 原。 19.He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything. 他太 固执,没有一人能劝动他做事。 20.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. 不论工作多难,一个坚决的人总是努力地去完成它。 21.My grandapa is fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the river. 我爷爷喜欢钓鱼,有时他整天在河边钓鱼。 22.I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.我喜 欢那件红色的衣服不喜欢那件绿色的,因为红色的更合我的 身。 23.The concert went like clockwork because Li Pei organized it so well.音 乐会顺利地进行,因为李佩组织地相当好。 24.I wanted to pay the train fare, but my friend insisted. Finally I gave in. 我想付火车票费用,但我朋友坚持他付。最后我让步了。 25.She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking the bus.她 说服了我们不做公共汽车而是骑车去工作。 26.As neither of them would give in, no decision was taken that day.由于 双方都不让步,那天没有形成决议。 27.The task was difficult, but Helen’ determined expression let me know s that she would not give up.虽然工作很难,但海伦的坚定神情使我 知道她不会放弃。 28.How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the stars up close. 我多么希望我能够进行太空旅行, 近距离地看看星星啊。 29.The very first time that Joe saw the film “ET” directed by Steven Spieberg, he made up his mind to become a director too.第一次看 Steven Spieberg 执导的电影“ET”时,他就下定决心也要当一 名导演。 30.a large parcel of 一大包 31.We are taking out insurance to cover any problems.我们要投保给 一切问题保险。 32.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.我们 的腿又冷又沉,感觉就像大冰块。 33.Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.一路上,一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看我们。 34.However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.然而,湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜,景色迷人。 35.as usual 像往常一样 36.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds. 在某个时刻,我们发现自己置身高处,仿佛骑车穿越云 层。 37.We saw many sheep eating green grass. 我们看到羊群在吃草。 38.make camp 宿营 39.put up our tent 搭帐篷 40.stay awake 睡不着,醒着 41.at midnight 在半夜 42.for company 做伴 43.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下 44.We can hardly wait to see them.我们迫不及待地想要见到他们。 45.Good luck on your journey. 祝你旅途愉快 46.When you go on a journey, why not keep a travel journey? 当你出游 的时候问什么不记旅行日记呢? 47.see the world through somebody else’s eyes 通过别人的眼睛看 世界 48.go in the right direction 走正确的方向 49.The tortoise moves at a very slow pace.乌龟以很慢的速度行进。 If you pace yourself, you will be able to work efficiently. 如果你为自己 定好了速度,你就会高效地工作。 50.be similar to 类似于 51.afford to do sth 付得起,能承担 52.be tired from 因??而疲劳 be tired of 对??厌倦 53.be in high spirits 喜气洋洋,兴高采烈 54.come true 实现,成真 55.Ask them to give you some advice on improving it. 要他们就如何 改进提一些建议。 56.a guide to? ??的指南 57.on a tour 在游览中,在巡演中 58.in detail 详细地必修 I---unit 4 I---IV Earthquakes 知识点 1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 现在, 假设有一次大 地震。 “There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中 there 为引导词,本身无 意义,谓语动词按照就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有: There happen to be 碰巧有 There seems/appears to be 好像有 There is likely to be 可能有 There may/might be 也许有 There must be 一定有 There can’t be 不可能有 There is said/reported to be 据说/据报道有 There used to be 曾经有 There is sure/certain to be 一定有 2. happen to. It (so) happened that… Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚 上发生什么事了吗? What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up? 如果彼得 和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办? I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天我 去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 I happened to be out when he called. 他来访时, 恰巧我出去了。 It (= happened that I was out when he called.) I happened on just the thing I had been looking for. 我偶然发现了我 所要找的东西。 3. right away 毫不迟疑,立刻 H you should call in the doctor right away. 他病了, 你应该立即 请大夫来。 4. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 裂缝里冒出臭气。 5. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里,鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。 6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.但是,这个城市的一百万居民都没 有把这些情况当一回事,当天晚上照常睡着了。 7. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。 从句表示“(在某人)看来好像;似乎” ① It seems/looks/appears as if/though?看起来好像? ② Sb./Sth. looks as if/though?(不用 seem/appear) ③ There seems/appears(to be)?(不用 look) There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has been a mistake. ④ It seems so. =So it seems.看来似乎是这样。 8. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的 15 秒钟 内,一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。 9. Two-thirds of them died or injured during the earthquake. 三人之二 的人在地震中死去或受伤。 10. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 死伤的人数达到 40 多万。 10. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。 11. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。 该句为部分否 定。All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及 every+名词都表 示全部肯定;但当 not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none nobody, nothing, not?any, 以及 no+名词都表示全部否 定。如: ① Both of them haven’t read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个 故事。 ② All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 这些男孩都很聪明,但没有一个人能解出这道题。 ③ All bamboo doesn’grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有 t 的竹子都长的高。 12. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。 13. under the weight of 在??重压下,迫于 14. in the open air 在户外,在野外,露天 in the air 在空中,悬而未决 15. take turns to do sth 依次,轮流做某事 in turn 依次地,轮流地 It is your turn now.现在轮到你了。 No one is allowed to get his ticket out of turn. 任何人都不准不按次 序买票。 16. be shocked at 对??感到震惊 17. be proud of 以??为自豪 18. Our office would like to have you speak to the park visitors on July 28 19. express one’s thanks to sb /for sth…对/因??表示感谢 20. without warning 毫无预兆 21. next to 紧接着,相邻,次于 22. get away from…避免,摆脱,离开 23. disarster-hit areas 灾区 24. raise money 募捐,筹款 25. Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody. 听英语是一项很重要的技能,因为只有当我们懂得 别人给我们说什么我们才能与他交谈。 26. It is believed that on the surface of the earth are a number of plates. 人们认为地球表面是一些板块。 27. hold up 举起;托住;支撑;使停滞;耽搁;提出;阻挡;列 举,推举;(理论等)经得住 Women can hold up half of the sky.妇女能顶半边天。 28. make up 弥补, 虚构, 缝制, 整理, 包装, 和解, 编辑, 化妆, 补足,拼凑 Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.农民只占 人口的一小部分. The it was not true. 男孩编了个故事,这故事 不是真的。 29. The judge gave a prize and his congratulations to the cyclist who won the competition.裁判把奖金颁给赢得比赛的自行车选手,并向他 祝贺。 30. The miners who had been trapped in the mine for two days were finally rescued.被困在煤矿里两天的矿工们最后得到了营救。 31. The reporter recognized that the girl who was so frightened was trying to avoid the question.记者意识到女孩很害怕,而且尽力地回避问 题。 32. The big fire destroyed two shops which are about four blocks from here. 大火摧毁了离这儿四个街区的两个商店。 33. I can’t express how I am feeling at the moment. 我无法表达我现 在的感觉。 34. It is said but true that people die in earthquakes from falling furniture and bricks. 据说但是真实的,在地震中人们死于倒落的家具和 砖块。 35. be fixed to?被固定到?? 36. be tied to ? 被绑在??二、练习 汉译英 1. 我谨向那些帮助过我的老师致谢。I would like to express my thanks to the teachers who have helped me. 2. 大部分矿工被救了出来。Most of the miners were rescued. 3. 这座小城的许多房子都被暴风雨给摧毁了。Many houses in the small town were destroyed by the storm. 4. 地震过后,全村到处都是残垣断壁。After the earthquake the whole village lay in ruins.( The earthquake left the whole village in ruins.)必修 I---Unit 5 I---V Nelson Mandela―a modern hero 知识点 1. A great person is a someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. 伟人是把自己的生命奉献给帮助别人的人。 (He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究 生态学,并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。He devoted himself entirely to music.他将一生奉献给了音乐。 ) 2. fight against 对抗,反对,与??作斗争 We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice.在共同反对非正 义行为的斗争中, 我们都是同志. People often have to fight for their liberty.人们往往不得不为自由而 战。 He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children. 他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。 3. He worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers. 作为一个医生他无私地在中国工作,并且拯救了很多 中国战士。 4. He strongly believed in the three principles: people’ people’s livelihood. 他主张三民主义:民主、民权、民生。 5. be free from 免于,不受 A judge must be free from prejudice.法官必须不抱成见。 6. in a peaceful way 以和平的方式 7. be in prison 入狱,在狱中服刑 in the prison 在监狱 8. the same?as?和??一样 9. the first man to land on the moon 第一个登上月球的人 10. The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life. 第 一次见到他的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。 (定语从句) 11. He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.他十分慷慨 地给予我时间,我为此非常感激。 (He is generous with his money. 他花钱大方。I am grateful to you for helping me.感谢你的帮助。Our grateful thanks are due to you.我们衷心感谢你。 ) 12. have little education 受的教育少 13. I could not read or write well. 我既不会读也不会写。 14. I worried about whether I would become out of work. 我担心我是 不是会失业。 15. I became more hopeful about my future. 我对自己的未来充满了 希望。 am hopeful that she will come tomorrow. 我对她明天要来抱 (I 着希望。 ) 16. as soon as I could 尽快, 马上 17. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. (定语从句) 过去 30 年来所出现的 大量法律剥夺我们的权利,阻挡我们的进步,一直到今天,我 们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 (The 19th century saw many changes. 许多变革发生于 19 世纪。at an early stage in our history 在我们的历史早期) 18. We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 我们被置于这样一个境地: 要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实,要么跟政府作斗争。 19. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到这 个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 (Only 位于句首,修饰 副词、介词短语或状语从句时,句子采用部分倒装的语序;修 饰状语从句时,只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。 如:① Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem. 只有这样,你才能想出解决这个问题的办法。 ② Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了 三次他才来参加会议。 ③ Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病的很重时, 他才卧床休息。 Only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那时我才知道我的错误.) 20. as a matter of fact 事实上 (As a matter of fact,it is health that counts. 事实上,健康才是最重要的。 As a matter of fact, parents don’t want their children to be in trouble. 事实上,父母都不希望子 女有麻烦。 ) 21. In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings. 在 1963 年,我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。 (Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres?你能借给我个 打气筒给车胎打打气吗? Then it turned out that some stars, like our own sun will blow up one day. 然后,事实上有些恒星,就像我们自己的太阳,有朝一日会爆 炸。 ) 22. I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 我知道这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦 想。 23. in trouble 处于困境 遇到麻烦 Do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble.叫你怎麽做就怎麽做, 否则有麻烦. 24. be willing to do sth. 愿意,乐于 Only very few people would be willing to share with him their opinions.很 少有人愿意跟他分享他们的见解。 25. What was his attitude towards the unfair situation black people faced? 他对黑人面临的不公平处境什么态度? 26. turn to 变成;求助于,借助于, 翻到,转向 She had no one to turn to for advice.她没有一个可以商量的人。 Who can I turn to in my hour of need? 在我需要的时候我能向谁求 助呢? As they were out of work,??Mr and Mrs Black had to turn to their relatives for help.布莱克夫妇由于失业,不得不向亲戚求帮助。 27. The quality of life for black people got worse. 黑人的生活质量 更糟糕。 28.Many people remember me as one of the first active black fighters for human rights 很多人认为我是为人权而战的第一批积极的黑人 战士之一。 29. lose heart 灰心;泄气, 丧失勇气,失去信心 Difficulties were increasing. Even then we did not lose heart. 尽管困难 在增加,但我们毫不灰心。 You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.只要你不失 去信心,你迟早会成功。 If you fail, you should not lose heart but just keep on going. 如果你失 败了,你也不该灰心。 30. escape from 逃脱,逃离,从??逃出 He listens to music as an escape from the pressures of work. 他听音乐以缓解一下工作的压力. He stayed in the background to escape from the public attention. 他呆 在幕后为了避开公众的注意。 The couple had a narrow escape from the fire.这对夫妻从火灾中死里 逃生。 31. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. 在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该 睡觉的时候他教授我们。 should have done 本应做而未做 needn’t have done 本不应做而做了 can’t have done 过去不可能做过 32. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. 他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。 33. But they did pass their exams. 但是他们确实通过了考试。 34. That made me feel good about myself. 这让我觉得自己还不错。 35. be better educated 受到良好教育 36. I didn’t work again for twenty years until the ANC came to power in 1994. 在非国大于 1994 年执政之前, 我有 20 年没有工作。 (After Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their best to change the unfair situation for black people. 曼德勒掌权成为 总统后,他的政府尽力为黑人改变不平等的状况。 ) 37. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me. 我回忆起那时的所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。 After the attack , her eyes filled with terror every time when she saw a dog. 自从遭遇袭击之后,她每次看见狗,眼睛里都满是恐惧。 38. be proud to do sth. I'll be proud to be part of it 我会以成为其中一份子而自豪。 be proud of sth You should be proud of what you have achieved.你们应当为自己所取 得的成绩而自豪。 39. set up 创立,建立,为?作准备;竖立,架起,建造;开业, 开始经商 The company was set up ten years ago. 公司是十年前建立的。 He plans to set up his own business. 他决定自己做生意。 He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up. 他恳求我让 他加入我们刚建立的俱乐部。 40. be sentenced to ? 被判处?? He suggested that the murderer referred to be sentenced to death at once.他建议所涉及到的杀人凶手立刻被判处死刑。 Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago. 罗伯特因偷窃被判处三年监禁, 于一个月前被释放。 41. Do you have any thoughts on that? 你认为那怎么样? 42. to my understanding 按我的理解 43. He was in poor health in his youth so he had to be educated at home. 他年轻时身体不好,所有只得在家接受教育。 44. be accepted by ? 被??录取、接受 45. give free medical care to people there 给那儿的人免费医疗 As far as I know, in some developed countries people enjoy free medical care.就我所知,在一些发达国家人们享有免费医疗。 46. He died from blood poisoning.他死于败血症。 47. At that time the war between China and Japan was under way.那时 中日战争正在进行之中。 48. Mao Zedong praised Bethune’s excellent qualities in this article. 毛 泽东在这篇文章了赞扬了白求恩的优良品质。 49. point of view 观察点;观点 It depends on your point of view.这将因个人观点而异。 50. compete with? 与??竞争 If you want to compete with someone, compete with yourself. 如果你想 同别人竞争,先同自己竞争。 51. advise 常用搭配 advise + n./pron. advise + doing advise sb. to do sth. advise + that 从句(从句的谓语用“should + v 原” should 常省 , 略) 注:1)与 advise 用法类似的动词如 forbid, ,allow,permit,admit,consider 等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名 词,但接宾补(主补)时,宾补(主补)要用不定式。 如:We forbid smoking here.(宾语,用动名词) We forbid you to v. smoke here. (宾补, 用动词不定式) You are forbidden to smoke here. (主补,用动词不定式)约翰?斯洛击败“霍乱王” 约翰?斯洛是伦敦一位著名的医生――他的确医术精湛,因 而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。 但他一想到要帮助那些 得了霍乱的普通百姓时,他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致 命的疾病,人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。 每次霍乱暴发时, 就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。 约翰?斯洛想面 对这个挑战,解决这个问题。他知道,在找到病源之前,霍乱 疫情是无法控制的。 斯洛对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是 霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着,像一股危险的气体到处漂浮,直到 找到病毒的受害者为止。 第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这 种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身,患者就会 很快地死去。 斯洛推测第二种说法是正确的,但他需要证据。因此,在 1854 年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候,约翰?斯洛着手准备对此进 行调研。 当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候, 约翰?斯洛就开始收 集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重,在 10 天之内就死去了 500 多人。他决心要查明其原因。 首先,他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提 供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。 许多死者是住在宽 街的水泵附近(特别是这条街上 16、37、38、40 号) 。他发现 有些住宅 (如宽街上 20 号和 21 号以及剑桥街上的 8 号和 9 号) 却无人死亡。 他以前没预料到这种情况, 所有他决定深入调查。 他发现,这些人都在剑桥街 7 号的酒馆里打工,而酒馆为他们 免费提供啤酒喝,因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看 来水是罪魁祸首。 接下来,约翰?斯洛调查了这两条街的水源情况。他发现, 水是从河里来的,而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。他马上叫 宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。这样,水泵就用不 成了。不久,疫情就开始得到缓解。他证明了,他证明了霍乱 是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。 在伦敦的另一个地区,他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联 的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。 有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来 的,她特别喜欢那里的水,每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里 来。她和她的女儿喝了这种水,都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个 特别的证据, 约翰?斯洛就能够肯定地宣布, 这种被污染了的水 携带着病菌。 为了防止这种情况的再度发生,约翰?斯洛建议所有水源都 要经过检测。自来水公司也接到指令,不能再让人们接触被污 染的水了。最终,“霍乱王”被击败了。 哥白尼的革命性理论 尼古拉?哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的。虽然他曾经试着不去理 睬那些数字,然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结 论: 地球不是太阳系的中心。 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上, 天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 他的这个理论可不能告 诉任何人,因为即使他只暗示有这种想法,他都会受到强大的 基督教会势力的惩罚。教会认为世界是上帝创造的,正因为如 此,地球就具有特殊的意义,它必定要成为太阳系的中心。 这样,问题就来了,因为天文学家以前发现过,天上有些 行星停顿下来,往后移动,然后再成环状向前移动,而其他行 星看上去有时亮些,有时又不怎么亮。如果地球是太阳系的中 心, 而所有行星环绕着地球转的话, 那么这种现象就很奇怪了。 哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久,试图找出问题的 答案。他曾经收集过观察星球的数据,并且利用他的全部数学 知识来解释这些数据。但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。于 是,他在 1510 至 1514 年期间从事这项研究,逐步修改他的理 论,直到他感到完善时为止。 1514 年,他把他的新理论私下里给他的朋友们看。他对旧 理论的修改是具有革命性的。 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位 置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转,只有月球仍然绕着地球转。他 还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时,它本身还自转,这样就说明 了行星运动的变化情况以及星球亮度问题。 他的朋友都热情地 鼓励他把他的想法公之于世,而他却小心谨慎,他不想遭到基 督教会的攻击,所以他直到 1543 年临终之前才公布了这一观 点。 当然,他小心谨慎是对的。基督教会拒绝接受他的理论, 说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意, 而支持这种理论的人都会受到 打击。然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。他 的理论还改变了基督教对地心引力的看法, 他们认为物体往地 球上掉落是因为上帝创造了地球,而地球正是宇宙的中心。哥 白尼表明这是明显错误的。如今人们可以看到,他的这些想法 与艾萨克?牛顿、阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬?霍金等人的研 究都有着直接的联系。地理之谜 人们也许觉得奇怪,为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏 格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太一样。 但如果你学过英 国历史,就能弄清楚这个问题。 首先是英格兰。威尔士于 13 世纪同英格兰联合了起来。如 今只要有人提起英格兰,你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。 接着,英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰于 17 世纪联合了起来,名字 就改成了“大不列颠”。令人庆幸的是,当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王 成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时,这三个国家和平地实现了联 合。最后,英国政府打算于 20 世纪初把爱尔兰也同另外三个 国家和平联合起来以形成联合王国。然而,爱尔兰的南部却不 愿组建联合王国,它分离出去,并建立了自己的政府。因此只 有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰联合起来,而组成了联 合王国,这一点从新的联合王国国旗上就可以看得出来。 值得赞扬的是,这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作,例 如在货币和国际关系方面; 但是有些制度仍然区别很大。 例如, 北爱尔兰、 英格兰和苏格兰在教育体制和立法体制上都存在着 差异。 在参加像世界杯之类的比赛时, 它们有着各自的足球队。 在这四个国家中,英格兰是最大的。为了方便起见,它大 致可以划分为三个地区。 最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格兰南 部,中部地区叫做英格兰中部,最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做 英格兰北部。你可以看到英国的大部分人口聚居在南部,而多 数大工业城市都位于中部和北部。尽管,英国任何一个城市都 不像中国的城市那样大, 但是他们都有着自己的享有威名的足 球队,有的城市甚至还有两个队。很遗憾,这些建于 19 世纪 的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。 要找历史性建筑你得去更古 老的、比较小些的由古罗马人建造的城镇。在那儿你才可能找 到更多的有关英国历史和文化的东西。 最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦。那儿有博物馆,有艺术珍品、 剧院、公园和各种建筑物。它是全国的政治中心。它有公元一 世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口,有由盎格鲁――撒克逊人 始建于 11 世纪 60 年代的最古老的建筑, 还有公元 1066 年由后 来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。 曾经有四批侵略者到 过英国。 第一批入侵者是古罗马人, 留下了他们的城镇和道路。 接着是盎格鲁――撒克逊人,留下了他们的语言和政体。第三 是斯堪的纳维亚人,他们对词汇和北部的地名造成了一定影 响;第四是诺曼人,他们留下了城堡和食物名称的新词语。如 果你到英国乡间去看看,你就会找到所有这些入侵者的痕迹。 如果想使你的英国之旅不虚此行又有意义,你就必须留心观 察。 伦敦观光记 由于担心时间不够,张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地 点列了一张单子。她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔,它是很久以 前由入侵的诺曼人在公元 1066 年修建的。真是太棒了!这个 坚实的用石头砌的方形塔已经在那屹立一千年了。 尽管在塔的 四周扩建了一些建筑, 但它仍然是皇宫和监狱联合体的一个组 成部分。让张萍玉很惊讶的是,她发现女王的珠宝由皇家特别 卫士守护着,而这些卫士在一些特殊的日子仍然穿着 400 年前 伊丽莎白一世女王时代的制服。 接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂,它是公元 1666 年伦敦大火以 后建造的,刚建成的时候,它看起来真是金碧辉煌。威斯敏斯 特大教堂也是很有意思的地方, 里面珍藏着一些已故诗人和作 家的雕像, 例如莎士比亚的雕像。 正当萍玉走出大教堂的时候, 她听到了著名的大本钟整点敲响的钟声。 她参观了女王伦敦住 所白金汉宫的外景,以此结束了一天的观光。啊,她要同朋友 们讲的实在太多了! 第二天,萍玉姑娘参观了格林尼治天文台,看到了古老的 轮船和那座著名的为时间定时的时钟。 她最感兴趣的是那条通 过天文台的经线。这是一条假想的线,它把世界分成东西两半 球,从而有利于航海。这条线穿过格林尼治,萍玉就跨着这条 线拍了一张照片。 最后一天,她参观了伦敦海洛特公墓里的卡尔?马克思的雕 像。这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦 生活过,并且在伦敦去世。不仅如此,他还在大英博物馆著名 的图书阅览室工作过。遗憾的是,这个图书馆已经从原来的地 方搬到另一座大楼里去了,而原来的阅览室也没有了。但是她 感到最为震惊的却是博物馆里展出的那么多来自不同文化的 奇妙宝物。 当萍玉看到那么多参观者用欣赏的目光注视着古老 漂亮的中国陶瓷和其他展品时,心里充满了对祖国的自豪感。 再过一天,萍玉就要离开伦敦去温莎城堡了。她边睡觉边 想:“也许我能见到女王呢?”第一印象 太空邮件: 15/11/3008(地球时 间) 亲爱的爸爸妈妈: 我现在仍然无法相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖 励。我得不断提醒自己,我真的已经进入到公元 3008 年了。 因为担心这次旅行,头几天我心里总是不踏实,结果我得了时 间滞后症。这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似,所不同的 是,在你的脑子里似乎会不断闪现以前的时光。因此,我一开 始就感到神经过敏和心神不定。 但是我的朋友兼导游王平很细 心体贴,给了我几粒绿色药片,倒是挺起作用的。他父母的公 司叫做“未来之旅”,以其技术高超而闻名。他们把我装在一个 时间舱里,平安地把我送入了未来。 我仍旧记得我们被太空服务员一起叫到时间舱,爬上去进 入一个小门。座位是很舒适的,喝了点镇静剂后,我们的眼睛 就闭上了,感到昏昏欲睡似的。时间舱在轻轻左右摇晃,我们 放松地躺在那里做梦。几分钟以后,旅程结束,我们就到了。 我仍然在地球上,但是进入到了未来的一千年。我们会看到什 么呢? 一开始新的环境让我很难忍受。空气似乎很稀薄,好像在 混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。由于缺乏新鲜空气,我感到头 痛。 正当我想努力调整适应新环境时, 王平出现了。 他告诉我, “把这个面罩戴上。它会使你感觉好得多。”他把面罩递给我, 敦促我马上走进附近的一个小房间,叫我休息。我立刻就感到 舒服些了。没过多久,我就再次站立起来,跟着他去领取了一 台由电脑驱动的气垫车。这些气垫车是在地面上方漂浮着的, 只要在座位上把操纵杆打弯或压下,你就可以迅速地移动。王 平系紧了我的安全带,教我怎样使用它。不久,我就可以飞得 跟王平一样快了。可是,当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地 方时,由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔,我看不见王平了。他被 卷入到这群车队里去了。就在这个时候我得到一次“时间滞后” 的闪回,这样我就再次看到了似乎是公元 2008 年的那个地区。 我这才懂得我被送到了未来,但却仍然在自己的家乡。就在这 个时候,我又见到了王平,于是又跟在他后面飞去。 到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里,他把我带到一个明亮而 洁净的大房间。墙是绿色的,地板是棕色的,灯光很柔和。突 然墙壁移动了――原来是树形成的!后来我才发现,就是这些 树的叶子为这栋房屋提供了最急需的氧气。 然后王平在电脑屏 幕上的开关上闪了一下, 于是一张桌子和几把椅子就像变魔术 那样从地板下面升了起来。“怎么不坐下来吃些东西呢?”他说 道,“你第一次作这样的时间旅行,可能会感到有些困难。你可 以好好休息一下。今天没有任何出行计划。明天你还要准备参 观几个地方。”说完这些,他把食物摆在桌子上,又从地板下取 出一张床来。他离开后,我简单吃了饭,洗了个热水澡。实在 累坏了,我溜上床很快就睡着了。 以后再谈吧! 你的儿子 李强 我看到了奇妙的东西 我首先参观的是一个太空站,这个站被认为是太空中最现 代化的地方。 太空站像一个巨大的圆盘, 在太空中缓缓的旋转, 以仿照出地球重心的引力。太空站里展出了 31 世纪一些最前 沿的发明。有个导游带领我们站在一条移动的运送带上,到各 处参观。 导游:从 2008 年来访的朋友们,早上好!首先,我们要查 看一种我们太空居民使用的最新的通讯方式。 再也不需要打字 员在打字机或电脑上工作了!再也不需要邮费和邮政编码了! 现在用一种“思想仪”就可以传递信息。你把金属带放在头上, 整理思路,按下发送键,集中精神想着你要发送的信息,片刻 功夫信息就发送出去了。这个信息会储存在接受者的“思想仪” 里。它快捷有效,而且环保。唯一的缺点是,如果使用者不能 想清楚要传递的信息,发送出去的信息可能是模糊不清的。但 我们不能因为使用者的使用不当而责备仪器,是不是? 在导游解说的时候,我观看着桌上这副被称为“思想仪”的小 东西。 它们看上去像金属带子。 那么普通, 但却那么神通广大! 正当我还在观察时,运送带向前移动了。 导游:女士们先生们,现在我们到了“环保地带”。以前人们 习惯用垃圾箱收集废弃物,然后这些垃圾被送走埋掉或烧掉, 我说的对吧?(我们都点头。)可现在我们有一种装置,能利 用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。一架巨大的机器,能把所有能 获得的废弃物都吞进去,而且总是贪得无厌。然后垃圾被分解 成了几种有用的物质,如庄稼地的“肥料”和沙漠中的“土壤”。什 么都不浪费,所有的东西,哪怕是塑料袋也被回收利用了。伟 大的创意,对不对? 我注视着缓缓移动的垃圾分解机器模型,为它的成效所吸 引。但是,我们又开始向前移动了。 导游:第三站要展示给我们的是工作实践方面的一些变化。 批量生产不再在地球上进行,而是转移到了像这样的太空站 里。在太空里,一组工程师给机器人设计了程序让它们完成工 作。机器人生产像药品、衣服、家具和气垫车等东西。没有废 弃物、没有污染,也没有环境破坏。但是,这些公司必须培训 他们的代表能在太空中生活和工作。 他们必须在此监控机器人 和生产过程。一旦货物齐备,就用工用太空船运送到地球。 我的思绪开始漫游。我能从事什么工作呢?当我想到这个 奇妙的未来世界时,我兴趣倍增、干劲十足 我的第一项工作任务 “难以忘怀,”新闻记者说 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任 务。 他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影 响。 胡:欢迎你,非常高兴你来参加我们的工作,你来这里首 先就是当助理记者。有什么问题吗? 周:我可以马上去采访吗? 胡:(笑)真是勇气可嘉!不过恐怕这不太合乎常规,还 是等到你比较有经验以后吧。 我们先要派你给有经验的记者作 助理。 以后, 你才能独自去进行新闻采访并提交自己的新闻稿。 周:太好了!我需要随身带些什么?我已经带了笔记本和 照相机。 胡:不需要照相机!你们将带上一名专业摄影师去拍照。 你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣, 以后你可以集中精力去钻研。 周:谢谢你。对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣,在大学里我还专 修过业余摄影课来更新我的技术。 胡:那很好啊。 周:我出去采访时还需要记住些什么事呢? 胡:你需要有好奇心。你只有提出了许多不同的问题之后 才有可能获得你需要知道的信息。我们说,一个好的记者必须 有一个对新闻非常敏感的“嗅觉“。那就是说,在人们没有说出 全部真相时,你必须能够判断出,并努力发现真理。记者必须 通过调查研究,来使自己了解到被遗漏的那部分情况。 周:我应该注意些什么呢? 胡:下面是我的行为准则:不要延误任务规定的期限,不 可对人粗鲁,不可自己说得太多,务必认真倾听被采访人回答 问题。 周:为什么听人家讲话这样重要呢? 胡:你得听清楚事实的细节。同时,你还要根据被采访人 所说的话准备提出下一个问题。 周:在我记笔记的同时,怎么能仔细倾听对方的答话呢? 胡:这就是我们职业的诀窍了。如果被采访人允许,你可 以使用录音机, 录下全部事实。 如果有人提出质疑, 这也有用, 你就有证据来支持自己的报道了。 周:我明白了!你有没有过这样的情况:别人控告你的记 者,说他的报道失实? 胡:有的。不过这是很久以前的事了。事情是这样的:一 位足球运动员被指挥受贿,故意不进球,好让对方球队赢球。 我们去采访了他。 他否认收了钱, 但我们对此表示怀疑。 于是, 我们安排这名球员和被认为行贿的人一起接受采访, 而当我们 看到他们在一起时, 我们就从足球运动员的体态语上猜到他没 有说真话。我们写了一篇文章,暗示足球队员有罪。这事有些 为难,因为如果我们错了,他就可以向我们索要赔偿。他竭力 阻止我们发表这篇文章,但后来证实我们是正确的。 周:哇!那才是真正的独家新闻哩!我期盼着即将到来的 首次任务。说不定我也会搞到独家新闻呢! 胡:也许你会的,谁知道呢。 抢发独家新闻 周阳刚刚采访了一位著名影星回到办公室,编辑就说:“快 点把那篇报道准备好,我们这一版就要用,这样我们就抢在其 他报纸的前面了, 这就是抢先的独家新闻。 “国际新闻编辑部有 人提出问题:“他真的干了那种事吗?”周阳回答说:“是的,恐 怕是这样的。”接着他便着手准备报道了。 他的第一件事就是写报道稿,他必须认认真真地写。尽管 他认为那个人一直在说谎话,但周阳懂得,他决不能直接指责 那个人。他必须做到准确无误,还要简明扼要。他知道该如何 做。 经过几个月的培训, 他已经学会了写文章, 全然没有废话。 他在电脑前坐下就开始工作了。 第一个看到这篇文章的人的他们部里的一位编审。他核查 了文中的证据,阅读了整篇报道,然后递给技术编辑。她就开 始了编辑工作,设计了主标题和副标题。她说:“在版面上这会 很好看。 这个人的照片该放在哪儿好呢?”因为这篇文章要用英 文来写,所有周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇 员,请她对语言风格进行润饰。这位雇员对周阳的报道也很满 意。她评价说:“你确实能写很好的头版新闻了。”周阳高兴地 笑了。最后主编审读了这篇稿子,并且批准发表了。他对周阳 说:“文章写得很好,不过你还得拿出证据来表明事实确凿。” 周阳激动地说:“我马上拿来。” 新闻文字编辑取走这篇报道,开始对所有的报道和图片进 行编排,直至把各版面全部编定。此后,所有的报道材料就要 被制成胶片。这是印制过程的第一道工序。由于这篇报道要用 好几种颜色,因此需要四张胶片。每一种主色要用一张底片, 四张底片结合起来就制成一张报纸的彩页。 经过最后一次校对 后,这个版面就可以准备印制了。周阳兴奋地等待着第一批报 纸的印出。“要等到今天晚上。”他的朋友轻声地告诉他说。“我 期望电视新闻会对这件事作一点报道。真是独家新闻了!”烧伤的急救 皮肤是身体必不可少的部分,也是身体的最大器官。皮肤 有三层,它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏 障。皮肤的功能十分复杂。皮肤可以保暖或御寒,保持体内水 分。正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛,它还使你有触觉。因此, 你可以想象到,如果你的皮肤烧伤了,就可能非常严重。在治 疗烧伤的过程中,紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。 烧伤的原因: 你可能由于各种原因而烧伤:灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、 辐射(由于靠近高温或大火)、阳光、电和化学物品。 烧伤的种类: 烧伤有三类。根据皮肤烧伤的层次分为一度烧伤、二度烧 伤和三度烧伤。 一度烧伤:只损伤皮层的最上层。这些烧伤并不严重,应 当在一两天内就有好转。 例如轻度的晒伤, 由于短暂接触热锅、 火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。 二度烧伤:既损伤了皮肤的最上层,又损伤了皮质的第二 层。这些烧伤属于严重的烧伤,需几星期才能痊愈。例如严重 的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。 三度烧伤:所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损 害。例如由电击引起的烧伤,因衣服起火引起的烧伤,或因汽 油起火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤都属于非常严重的烧伤,受伤者 必须立即送往医院。 烧伤的特性: 一度烧伤: ? 干燥、发红、微肿 ? 微痛 ? 受压时变白 二度烧伤: ? 粗糙、发红、肿胀 ? 起水泡 ? 表层渗液 ? 极其疼痛 三度烧伤: ? 黑、白和焦炭色相间 ? 肿胀,可看到皮下组织 ? 若损害了神经,则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛,或 者在创面四周有疼感 急救处理: 1、除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上,否则都要把它脱掉(必要时 可用剪刀帮助)。靠近创面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。 2、马上用凉水给伤口冲凉,但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤 的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约 10 分钟。(凉水 可以阻止烧伤的进程,可以防止无法忍受的疼痛,还可以 减轻肿胀程度)。三度烧伤不可用冷水冲。 3、对于一度烧伤的患者,要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面 上,直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二度烧伤,要保持湿布 清凉,需把湿布放回冷水盆中,拧出水后再放在烧伤面上, 这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右,直到不太痛时为止。 4、轻轻地把烧伤面弄干,但不要擦拭,因为这样做可能会 擦破水泡,伤口会感染。 5、用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面,用胶布把绷 带固定。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏,因为这会 使里面的热散不出去,而且还可能导致感染。 6、如果烧伤的部位在臂部和腿部,尽可能把手臂或腿脚抬 高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤,伤者则应该坐起 来。 7、如果属于二度或三度烧伤,就必须立即把患者送往医院 或送去看医生。 英雄青年获奖记 17 岁的青年约翰?詹森昨晚在弗镇的救生员颁奖大会 上领奖,因为他在一次骇人听闻的持刀袭击案件发生后, 为邻居实施了紧急救援。 在颁奖大会上,约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救 他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。 (那天)约翰正在房里学习,突然听到一声尖叫,他和父 亲赶紧冲出去,发现一名男子从现场逃跑,而三个孩子的 母亲安?斯莱德被人连捅了数刀。她躺在前花园的地上,流 血不止。她的双手几乎被砍断了。 正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的 命。他立即向附近的一些人要绷带,当他们都找不到绷带 的时候,他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。 约翰就用这些东西把斯莱德手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。 他使劲地按住伤口,使血流得慢些,一直等到警察和救护 车的到来。 约翰说:“我为自己所做的事感到自豪,不过,我所做 的都是以前别人教会我做的事。” 约翰在读高中时就参加了青年救生员组织。该组织的 主任艾伦?萨瑟顿先生在向约翰表示祝贺时说:“毫无疑问, 是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术,挽救了斯莱 德女士的生命。 这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要作用。 ” 约翰和其他九位救生员在昨晚领奖时,还出席了由首 相主持的特殊的招待会。被动语态 被动语态的构成方式:be + 过去分词,口语只也有用 get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没必 要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。 强调或突出动作的承 受者常用被动语态(by 短语有时可以省略) 。如:We often help them. (主动)我们常帮助他们。They are often helped by us.(被动)他 们常被我们帮助。 1、被动语态各时态的形式是由助动词 be 的各时态的形式加及 物动词的过去分词构成。 2、被动语态八种时态的用法例句:被动语态常用的八种时态的 基本用法和主动语态各时态的各时态的基本用法相同, 只是句 中的主语不是动作的执行者,而是动作的承受者.如图: 一般时态 现 am 在 is are 过 was 去 given were 将 shall 来 will 过 should 去 将 来 be given would be given given进行时态 am is being given are was完成时态 has been given havebeing given had been given were shall have been given will3、在下列情况下,一般使用被动语态: (1)当不知道动作执 行者是谁或没有必要提到动作执行者时, Paper was first made 如: in China. (2)当强调或突出动作承受者的作用时,如:The new machine was invented by a 20-year-old young worker. 4、由主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型: (1)将一个句子 由主动语态转换为被动语态时,可按下列步骤进行: ①先将主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语; ②再将主动语态动词改为被动语态动词; 由主动语态动词改为 被动语态动词时,要注意被动语态动词中助动词 be 的各种形 式变化,因为被动语态动词的不同人称和数是由助动词 be 不 同的形式来表示的,如:Trees are planted every spring. ③最后在被动语态之后加介词 by,并将主动结构的主语放在 by 之后(经常被省略) ,构成介词短语; (1) 使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。 ①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday. I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday. ②主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变) ;宾补可以有下列 几种情况: ①宾补为动词不定式, They asked her to sing a song. 如: →She was asked to sing a song. 在动词 make, see, hear, watch, notice 等之后,不定式的 to 在主动语态里可要省略,而被动语 态里不能省,如:Tom was seen to come out of the lab.②宾补为分 词, 如: They heard them singing at the time.→They were heard singing at that time.③宾补为形容词、 副词、 名词或介词短语, She kept 如: me busy all the morning. →I was kept busy all the morning. 如果主动语态中的谓语动词为短语动词,改为被动语态时,要 注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词,以保持短语动词的完整 性,勿要丢掉“尾巴”。 The children were taken good care of (by her). Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. ④情态动词和 be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better 等结构变被动语态, 只需将它们后面的动词原形变为 be + 过去分词。如:They must finish the work before Friday. →The work must be finished before Friday. ⑤常用被动句型:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that … (2)主动形式表被动意义的几种情况。 ①所有的不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态: come up, run out(用完), give out(耗尽), go out(熄灭), come out(出 版), come to light, belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own, have, possess, happen, occur 等; ②表示状态特征的连系动词如 smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove 等用主动语态表示被动意义;The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。 ③动词 sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run 等与 well, smoothly, easily 等连用时,说明主语内在的“性 能”“特点”,用主动代替被动; This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。 These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。 My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。 The door won’t lock.门锁不上。 ④want, require, need 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 ⑤be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。 6. This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. The girl isn’t easy to get along with. 7. 在“主语+be+形容词(for sb.)+to do”结构中, ; 8.在“主语+谓语+宾语(名词)+动词不定式 to do(作定语修饰 前面的名词,且为动宾关系;主语与 to do 为主谓关系时,to do 用主动形式;如: I have a meeting to attend. 另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表 被动。 (4)被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态强调动作;系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如: The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态) The bike was broken. (系表结构) ①be seated 坐着 He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。 ②be hidden 躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在 门后。 ③be lost 迷路④be drunk 喝醉⑤be dressed 穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. 【各个击破】 1. ------I took a photo of you just now. -----Really? I _______ with attention. A. didn’t look B. wasn’t looking C. am not looking D. haven’t looked 2. ------You haven’t said a word about my new hair-style. What do you think of it? -----I’m sorry I _______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty. A. don’t say B. wasn’t saying C. didn’t say D. haven’t said 3. ------Can I help you, Madam? -------No, thanks. I __________________. A. have just looked around C. am just looking around B. just look around D. just looked around4. ------That famous cherry trees _________ because of pollution. -----Yes, we have to do something to save it. A. has died B. had died C. is dead D. is dying5. She o she has a headache because she _______ too long. A. had read B. read C. is reading D. has been reading 6. ------You’re talking too much. -------Only at home. No one ______ me but you. A. is hearing B. had heardC. hearsD. heard7. -------What have you been doing? I asked you a question. Why didn’t you answer? -------Sorry, I ___________ to the news on the radio. A. listened B. have listened C. was listening D. had listened8. -------You should have told him the date earlier. -------I_______, but he forgot about it. A. did B. have C. had D. should have9. ------You could have asked Tom for help, for he is good at physics. -----Really? Oh, a whole night __________. Why didn’t you tell me earlier? A. is wasted B. was wasted C. had wasted D. has wasted 10. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who __________ him but failed. A. held B. had held C. would hold D. was holding 11. You _________exercises at your desk! Why not take some exercise? A. always do B. are always doing C. have always done D. have always been doing 12.----What were you up to when she dropped in? ----I ____ for a while and ____some reading. A. was going to do B. did C. was going to do D. did14. -----Did you see Marty in the manager’s office? -----Yes, he ______ by the manager. A. is questioned B. was being questioned C. had been questioned D. was questioned 15. Look at this ! I _______ some magazines and _______ this card! A. found B. had found C. had found D. finding16. ------Tom’s wife took the place of him to attend the conference. -------I would rather Tom _______ there, not his wife. A. had been B. have been 17. -------Listen! ------I _______ but I _________ anything at all. A. have heard B. hear C. wasn’t hearing D. don’t hear 18. The shop assistant promised me that the material ______ and what she said ______ to be true. A. wo was proved B.
was proved C. proved 19. -----What place is it? -----Haven’t you seen that we _____ back where we ______? A. were, had been B. are, were C. were, have been D. are, had been D. proved C. was D. went 高考题汇编时态、语态 1. --- You've left the light on. --- Oh , so I have .________and turn it off. (2000 全国) A.I'll go B.I've gone 2. --- How are you today? --- Oh , I ___________as ill as I do now for a very long time. (2000 全国) A.didn't fell B.wasn't feeling C.don't fell D.haven't felt C.I go D.I'm going3. The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when be saw it. (2000 全国) A.was travelling B.travelled to travel. 4. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _____to his old ways. (2000 北京春季) returning D. had returned A. returned B. returns C. was C.had been traveling D.was5. --- You're drinking too much. --- Only at home. No one ________ me but you. (2000 北京春季) A. is seeing D. saw 6. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology____ so rapidly. (01 全国) A. is changing B. has B. had seen C. seeschanged C. will have changed D. will change 7. I _________ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. 01 全国) A. will play B. have played C. played D. ( play 8. Visitors_________ not to touch the exhibits. (01 全国) A. will request B. request .C. are requesting D. are requested9. The men will have to wait all day______ the doctor works faster. (01 北京春季) A.if B.unless C.whether D.that10. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true. (01 北京春季) A.he B.this C.which D.who11. ―Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? (01 北 京春季) ―Yes, I gave it to her _______ I saw her. A.while B.the moment C.suddenly D.once 12. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was? (01 北京春季) A.where B.what C.how D.which13. ― You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? ― I'm sorry I _________ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it's pretty on you. (02 全国) D.didn't say 14. I wonder why Jenny _________ us recently. We should have heard A. wasn't saying B. don't say ? won't say C. from her by now. (02 全国) D.hadn't written 15. The little girl ______ her heart out because she ______ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. lost B. had lost D. has lost A.hasn't written? B.doesn't write? C.won't writeC. has lost16. D Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? D Of course. What is it? D I ______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. (02 北京) A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder 17. John and I ____friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____each other a couple of times before that. (02 北京春季) A. have seen C. had seen B have seen D had seen18. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He_____trying to save a child in the earthquake. (02 北京春季) killed A. killed D. was killing B. is killed C. was19. ― How are the team playing? ― They’re playing well, but one of them ____hurt. (02 北京春季) A. gotB. getsC. areD. were20. ― Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to… ― Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and _____ you forget it! (03 全国卷) A.do B.didn’t C.did D.don’t 21. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness ___ . (03 全国卷) A.has grown B.is growing C.grew D.had grown 22. At this time tomorrow _____ over the Atlantic. (03 北京) A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly 23. --- ______David and Vicky __________ married? --- For about three years. (03 北京) A. How long were … being B. How long have … got C. How long have … been D. How long did … get 24. The news came as no surprise to me. I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. (03 北京) A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know 25. Come and see me whenever _______. (03 北京) A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient 26. ― How long _______at this job? ― Since 1990. (03 北京春季) A.were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed 27. ― When will you come to see me, Dad? ― I will go to see you when you ______the training course. (03 北京 春季) A.will have finished B.will finishC.are finishing D.finish 28. --- What’s that terrible noise? --- The neighbours ______ for a party. (04 北京)A have prepared B are preparing C prepare D will prepare 29. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back to school,

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