新sat语法法,主语是两个人为什么选B

SAT考试_SAT语法:改进句子题_沪江英语
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SAT语法:改进句子题
编辑点评:SAT语法部分对于中国学生来说是一个相对的强项。在这个部分得分的多少将直接影响总分的高低。接下来我们就介绍一些语法部分的经验。
在解答关于改进句子题型(Improving Sentences)的时候,大家需要关注很多项目,尤其是一些可以让句子变得更加简洁的项目。下面就为大家介绍一个改进句子题型中这方面的相关知识点,就是逻辑主语的出现形式,供大家参考
改进句子题型中,逻辑主语出现的形式很多,主要有以下几个方面。
1. 在改进句子题型中,逻辑主语经常以现在分词作为句子的开头
例如,Lacking good instruction, my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous. ( 句子以现在分词lacking开始)
(A) my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous
(B) I made numerous mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends
(C) there were numerous mistakes in the graph I created to illustrate historical trends
(D) I created a graph to illustrate historical trends with numerous mistakes
(E) The graph I made for illustrating historical trends had numerous mistakes
2. 在改进句子题型中,逻辑主语也习惯以过去分词作为开始
例如,Carried by the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere, the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two weeks. (句子以过去分词carried开始)
(A) the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that
(B) Mount Saint Helens& eruption in 1980 caused dust that
(C) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens
(D) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens that
(E) there was dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and it
3. 在改进句子题型中,以介词加分词开始也是逻辑主语出现的一种形式。
例如,By simply entering an internet website or calling a toll-free number, a catalog order can be placed for almost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers. (句子以介词by加分词entering&or calling&开始)
(A) a catalog order can be placed
(B) by placing a catalog order
(C) they will place your catalog order
(D) you can place a catalog order
(E) your catalog order can be placed
4. 以连词加分词或形容词开始的形式在在改进句子题型中也表明了逻辑主语的出现。
例如,While driving down the road, the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the family&s attention. (句子以连词while加分词driving down&开始)
(A) the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the family&s attention
(B) the house having the large yard and a small pond attracted the attention of the family
(C) the house with the yard and small pond was attractive to the family&s attention
(D) the family&s attention was attracted by the house with the large yard and small pond
(E) the family was attracted to the house with the large yard and small pond
以上就是关于在改进句子题型中,逻辑主语出现的形式,基本上都是在句子的开头出现。如果大家在解答关于改进句子题型的时候,可以迅速发现考察的知识点,会对大家的改进句子题型的解题效率有很大的帮助的。400-820-4985
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& & & 每年都有大量的学生选择去美国度过自己的大学生活,就有很多的人需要选择这项入门考试。SAT的各科考试都需要同学们精心的准备。今天小编为大家带来句子改进习题练习,祝同学们顺利跨入理想的学校。
  例1:Although Senator Fritz and Senator Pierce have both proposed plans to reduce the deficit, only one of the two are visible.
  (a) only one of the two are visible.
  (b) only one of the two is visible.
  (c) only one of the two plans are visible.
  (d) only one of the two plans is visible.
  (e) only one of the two plans has been visible.
  这道SAT语法句子改进题中,大家明显发现划线部分的主语是one,谓语却是are,属于主谓搭配错误,所以A错,同样C没有改正这个错误,所以C错,而E把这个时态改错了,不应该是完成时,所以E也错了。剩下的两个选项可以通过对比选项来寻找答案,发现D选项比B选项多了一个plans,这个plans是否需要呢?回顾原文,大家会发现划线部分除了主谓搭配错误以外还有指代不清的错误,因为两个中的一个即可以指计划也可以指代SF和SP两个人中的一个,B没有改正这个错误所以B错,答案选D.
  例2:Although many regarded Richard Nixon negatively during his presidency, the amount of things that he accomplished while in office was staggering.
  (a) the amount of things that he accomplished while in office was staggering.
  (b)the number of things that he accomplished while in office was staggering.
  (c)The accomplished a staggering amount of things while in office
  (d) when he was in office the number of things that he accomplished was staggering
  (c)The accomplished a staggering amount of things while he was in office
  首先我们来看划线部分有没有错误。大家发现amount这个词应该是修饰不可数名词,但后面的things却是一个可数名词。所以应该将amount改为number,这样A和D都错了。B选项用了被动语态,同学们以后要记住在中应该尽量避免出现被动语态,这是一个常考的知识点,所以B错了。然后对比C和E这两个选项,它们在语法上都是正确的,但是相对于E选项来说,C选项明显显得更为简洁,这符合SAT语法里面句子应该尽量简洁的原则,所以答案选择C选项。
  从上面的这两道改进句子题的解析中,大家可以看到SAT语法改进句子题型,不仅仅要求Correctiveness,还需要满足Effectiveness。所以根据上面的对SAT语法改进句子题型的解题过程,大家可以在自己备考的时候进行适当的参考和练习。
& & & 以上就是关于SAT语法句子改进习题练习的内容,更多详细情况敬请关注。
& & & 仅仅通过了解各类题型来准备考试,这种传统的方法在我们看来是没有效率,没有保证,并且没有性价比的。在习题精讲精练之外,我们还注重培养您在生活和职业发展中都同样重要的三大技能:策略、专注和自信。
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&关于【SAT语法】的一切!SAT语法固定搭配、常考题型、语法体系、考试经验等……
郝老师教您SAT语法葵花宝典--十招(大家见招拆招吧)
v1、选项中含有
having/being
SAT中没有being
that表原因的用法,也没有my
being late
等这么awkward的用法,能用being的只有1.表示进行被动;2在介词后
i strolled at night alone at the risk of being
句型表示自然存在的,原文中有
there be70%是错的
v3、平行形式
A, B and C
连接,而不是
as well as
v4、动词优于形容词优于抽象名词
v5、主动优于被动,连词优于介词
v6、介词加
where(which
前是什么介词不考)
v7、宾语从句
v8、this/that
在SAT中指代整句话绝对是错误的
do it / them / that
v10、表示是否只能用
whether ~ or not
SAT语法49题出错控制在3个以下,一个是习惯用法,一个是no
error(大家可千万别没有勇气下手,这个概率可是每套卷子都有2-5个左右),下面是历年及OG上的一些习惯用法,大家平常在做练习的时候也多积累一些吧!
a number of = many(后面动词用复数)
associate A with B
把 A 和 B 联系起来 be associated
(great)distance
attempt to do sth = in an attempt to do sth
be attributed to
be absorbed in
be essible/inessible to
be ustomed to
be committed to / commit oneself to / commit one’s life to
be compared to/with be inconsistent / consistent with
与……不一致/ 与……一致 be
dedicated to doing 致力于
be exposed to
暴露于 be familiar to/with
be responsible for (doing) sth
be similar to be subjected to
cause/lead/enable/force/order/allow/permit/expect/persuade sb to
consist of
由……组成
differ from = be different from…
draw on/upon excel at doing
for the most part
have impact on = have influence on
have/take interest in
in particular
in the hope of doing sth = hope to do sth
make contribution to = contribute to
prefer A to B
prohibit./prevent/keep sb from doing sth
protect.... from
regard/view/consider.... as....(常用被动:be
regarded as…)
result from / in....seed in doing sth = manage to do sth
take ...into ount/consideration
考虑到……
take advantage of
利用take offense at .... 因....发怒
take pride in…=be proud of....
以....为自豪
tend to / have a tendency to do....有……的趋势
Use sth to do
Be capable of
In the hope of
On the verge of
consistent with
Opposite to/of
Arrive in/at
Preupation with
Comply with
Afflict with
Prevent from
Deter from
Have a tendency to do
Far away from
Be particular about挑剔/in
然后给大家分享一下常考到的知识体系,希望语法部分尽量拿满分。
一、常考语法体系(挑错题
Identifying Sentence Errors)
1.主谓一致(Subject
verb agreement)。
尤其是用于倒装时,比如there
be句型或地点状语至于句首的倒装情况,一定要找到真正的主语。通常一套writing里总会有一个倒装句,并多为动词部分出错。
有插入语时,要勇敢的抛弃非中心部分,找到中心的主语。
主谓一致还会出现在一些固定用法中,但一般比较简单,比如a
number of + noun(复)
vs. the number of + noun(单),
面包黄油,刀叉等等。
就近原则:there
not only..., but also...; neither..., nor...; either...,
特殊名词:“人群牛群警察群”单数名词作复数。(people,
cattle, police)
文学性的总称都是不可数名词。E.g.
2.平行结构(parallel
structure)。
or和but的用法。As
well as是用于连接两个并列的结构。
另外尤其注意,在比较结构中,中心一定是同类相比较。
A, B, and/or
C形式的正确用法是,A,
B, C可以是单词或短语,并且一定都是同一形式的,如都是名词,或都是动名词短语。
3.形容词副词(adjective
常考考点:形容词副词的混用及他们的比较级最高级。
Adj只可以修饰名词,adv则可修饰除名词外的大部分词。er和more都可以表示比较级,但二者不可同时出现。
比较级和than要同存同亡(必须一起出现)。
另外,副词不可以连接两个并列的句子,例如whereby。
形容词的应用范围不如副词广,通常比较容易是出错的地方。
4.逻辑主语(logic
当分词或者形容词放在句首,一定要考虑它的主语问题。这种情况下,主语通常是人而不是物,而且是发出句首分词描述的动作的那一个。
句型:Ving/Ved,
特殊句型:when/while/as
+ adj, S + V + O
这个特殊句型是when/while/as
+ S + be + adj, S + V + O的简略形式。但只有当一个句子满足以下条件时才可以省略从句中的主语和谓语。
主句和从句用的是同一套主谓。
从句中有be动词。
E.g. When she was young, she killed
(她年轻的时候迷死了很多男人)可以省略为When
young, she killed many men.
名词和代词(pronoun
& noun)常考考点:名词单复数混淆;男女混淆;主格宾格混淆(宾格用于动词宾语,介词宾语和补语)
也会在their,
it和they之间指代不明。(在后面修改句子的笔记中详细说明;挑错题一般只考单复数对应,很少考到指代不明。)
关于指代,跨段之间不能指代;it不能指代整个句子,只能指代一个名词或动作;one和they之间,one和you之间都不可以相互指代。
另外,this不能单独充当主语和宾语,一定要有其他的名词和它在一起。
反身代词(oneself)不能单独作主语。
常用指示代词:which,
that, who, whom, whose
其中that不可以引导非限定性定语从句(即逗号后的定语从句),并且只有当that在从句里作宾语或表语时,that才可以被省略。
E.g. This is the caf& that we always
这句话中that是go
to的宾语,所以可以省略为
This is the caf& we always go to.
时态(tense)常考考点:时态的混用,多为过去完成时和一般过去时的混用,现在完成时和一般过去时的混用。Common
mistake: have +
过去式(应为过去分词)
固定搭配(这个就需要平时的积累了,上面已经提供不少了)。如果一个题有一项是在固定搭配的词组下划线,并且没有错,那么一般这个句子就没有错。
三、修改句子(Improving
Sentences)1.修改句子的第一原则就是永远不能改变原句的意思,结构和关系。
原文中没有的单词(尤其是表示转折、因果的关系词),在选项中出现了,就是改变句意及关系了;同理,原文中已有的关系,在选项中被省略了,也是改变了句意。
如果原句是复合句(即主句+从句),选项中出现简单句或并列句(两个平行的句子),就是改变原句的结构了。
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.简洁原则。
表示原因的时候,because永远是最简洁的表达方式,比because
主动语态比被动语态简洁。
直接表达比间接更为简洁。E.g.
there be & it is
动词短语比名词短语更为简洁。E.g.
doing sth & one’s doing sth
doing sth & the doing of
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.逗号永远不能单独连接两个并列的句子。
正确修改方法:在逗号后面加连接词或将逗号改为分号。
错误修改方式:逗号后加介词或副词。
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.逻辑主语:同挑错题的语法。
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.含有having和being的选项一定不选(不简洁表达方式)。
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.时态的对应(同挑错题语法)。
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.名次及代词的单复数对应(同挑错题语法)。
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.平行结构(同挑错题语法):
A, B, and /or C
(平行结构,A,B,C必须是同一个形式的单词或短语)
同类相比较:e.g.
I swim better than him(he does).
The population of China is larger than
that of the U.S.
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.固定短语。
比较常见到的有:had
just/hardly.... , when....
just as... , so....
so much... as.... , not any
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.同位语。
N1, N2 + V +
O只有当N1和N2
呈同位语时(简单的说,即N1和N2指的其实是同一个subject),上面的句子才正确。
E.g. My grammar teacher (N1), LNN
(N2), is a pretty lady.
11.雷区——代词划线,指代不明(重点)。
指代明确的条件:they和it都只能指代之钱的唯一一个复数或单数名词,并且符合结构指代,即主语指代主语,宾语指代宾语。
当修改句子的题目中代词部分被划线而且判断出是指代不明,只选择不含任何同样代词的句子。
任何代词都不能指代一个句子,只能指代一个句子成分。
跨段之间不能指代。
一个句子里如果有两个或以上的同样的代词,这些代词必须指代的是同一个成分。
This不能单独充当主语或宾语。
One和you/they不能互相指代。
12.插入语。
S,插入语,V
+ O.这个句型里的V一定是单独的动词(和时态及主语的单复数对应),不可以用Ving/代词+V/which
E.g. Usually most students of this college, from faculty of science
to faculty of arts, have opportunities to go abroad for exchange
13.当句首出现as/like/of
后面的主语N2要和前面as/like/of之后的名词呈同位语关系。
E.g. As a responsible teacher (N1), Mr. Lee (N2) always prepares
his lesson carefully before hand.
除了经常遇到的逗号的问题之外,破折号和冒号有时也会出现。并且通常含有这两个标点符号的选项都是错误的。
15.指示代词。
结构指代:S1+
V1 + O1. S2 + V2 +O2.
两句之间必须是主语指代主语,宾语指代宾语。
S + V + O, which/who........
有逗号的是非限定性定语从句,从句指代距离最近的名词(宾语)的中心词。(that不可以引导非限定性定语从句)
E.g. I borrowed this book from the daughter of my math teacher who
has always been very nice to me. (限定性定语从句,从句修饰的是my
math teacher)
I borrowed this book from the daughter of my math teacher, who has
always been very nice to me.
(非限定性定语从句,从句修饰的是the
daughter)
16.当句首出现the
reason,选项里含有be
that的就是正确的。
当句子中出现the
reason that .... ,
语义等于because,选项中含有because的就是正确的。
whom, which, what之后的从句只能是残缺的(缺少主语或宾语)。
E.g. He is the one who broke the world record recently.
(缺少主语)
This album is what we are looking for. (缺少宾语)
18.动词不定式(to
动词原形)出现在句首和句中都表示将来或目的。如果原文中没有出现不定式,选项中含有不定式的都是错误的。
19.当表示“是否”时,whether比if用到的范围要广。当whether和if同时出现时,选择有whether的而不选if。
Whether.... or not是正确的,而if.....
or not是不正确的。
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.语法部分时间安排:修改句子(8分钟)+
挑错题(9分钟)+
修改文章(6分钟)+
涂卡,检查(2分钟)
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.having和being出现在句中都是错误的,但放在句首可能是正确的。
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.挑错题中alike,
until, unless划线的选项一般不考虑(这几的词的用法在SAT语法考试中通常不会出错)。
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.关于挑错题中的E选项(no
考生通常不敢轻易选E。其实选E的题目多数时候是在考固定搭配,如果固定搭配没有错,通常整个句子都没有错。
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.
文章修改(Improving
Paragraphs)中的题型一共有3大类,分别是处置一个句子(reproduce
a single sentence),合并句子(reproduce
two sentences)和主旨题。如同阅读一样,主旨题要放在最后去做。处置一个句子的题目中,一个句子只有一个错误,并且不用考虑选项中的修改是否正确,只需要看选项修改的是不是原句中真正出错的位置。只要正确地挑出错误,就是正确答案。合并句子一般都是在两句中间添加关系词或连接词,使它变成一个长句。
<span STYLE="CoLor: #.跨段之间不能指代,每段的开头绝不可以用代词开头。
状语从句整理:
主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:
时间状语从句
常用引导词:when,
as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till,
特殊引导词:the
minute, the moment, the second, every time, the
instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when,
scarcely … when I
didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an
John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园)
the moment they saw the guard.
&No sooner
had I arrived home than it began to
rain.注意时态
&Every time
I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
地点状语从句
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever,
anywhere, everywhere
&Generally,
air will be heavily polluted where there are
factories.没先行词,所以是状语从句,不是定语从句
you go, you should work hard.
原因状语从句
常用引导词:because,
since, as, since
特殊引导词:seeing
now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that,
inasmuch as, insomuch as
&My friends
dislike me because I’m handsome and sessful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people
from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of
1.80 m is quite remarkable.
目的状语从句
常用引导词:so
that, in order that
特殊引导词:lest,
in case, for fear that,in
the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that
he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the
back could hear more clearly.
结果状语从句
目的状从和表结果的并列句或者结果状语从句特别容易混淆,目的是主观,一般未发生,结果是客观事实,是已发生的。
常用引导词:so
… that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词:such
that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last
An earl rebel in Lundon so that the message rode the house to tell
the king.错,应用so,没有that
条件状语从句
常用引导词:if,
重点考虚拟语气,第十部分讲解
特殊引导词:as/so
long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case
that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly seed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting
让步状语从句
常用引导词:though,
although, even if, even though
特殊引导词:
as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while
一般用在句首,反之不一定
matter …,
in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever,
whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他,
我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
比较状语从句,第6章要展开讲
常用引导词:as(同级比较),
than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the
more … the more … ; just as …,
so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … not so much A as B
&She is as
bad-tempered as her mother.
&The house
is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
&Food is to
men what oil is to machine.
食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。(类比的修辞手法)
方式状语从句
常用引导词:as,
as if, how
特殊引导词:the
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught
though (although)
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