学业成绩是大学入学的首要考虑因素吗入学第一天英语作文文

大学生英语写作自我效能感与成绩的相关性研究_小宗师专辑:[摘要]文章通过实验测试大学生英语写作自我效能感以及英语写作自我效能感与成绩的关系。结果发现,大学生英语写作自我效能感不高,且自我效能感与成绩呈显著正相关。文章在此基础上阐述测试结果对当前大学英语写作教学的启示。[关键词]自我效能感 英语写作 成绩[作者简介]韩丽萍(1978- ),女,海南文昌人,海南医学院外语部,讲师,硕士,研究方向为英语语言文学。(海南 海口 571101)[课题项目]本文系海南省教育厅2007年科研课题立项项目“协作写作策略在大学英语写作教学中的应用研究”的研究成果。(课题批准号:Hj2007122)[中图分类号]G642 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]10)05-0183-02一、引言英语写作能力是学生英语语言五大技能(听、说、读、写、译)的一个重要方面,因此,培养学生具有较强的英语写作能力是大学英语教学的重要任务之一。新大学英语课程标准在原来的基础上增加了一条要求,即“能写日常应用文(如信函、简历等),内容完整,条理清楚,文理通顺”。这表明随着我国与世界各国交往的日益扩大对大学生写的能力要求越来越高,但是写作教学一直是高校大学英语教学的薄弱环节之一。在写作教学过程中,众多高校长期以来一直存在费时、低效的问题。针对这种现象,国内外的众多教学专家从学生的学习及教师的教学各个方面进行了研究、探讨,也有了一定的研究成果。英语写作能力的提高受到很多方面因素的影响和限制, 笔者认为这与学生的写作自我效能感有一定的关系。二、写作自我效能感的理论依据及研究现状自我效能感(self-efficacy)是美国心理学家班杜拉(Albert Bandura,1977)提出的概念。自我效能感是指人们关于个人能力的判断,确切地说是对自己能够进行某一行为的实施能力的推测或判断,它意味着人是否确信自己能够成功地进行某一结果的行为。班杜拉等人在系统实验研究的基础上把自我效能感的功能归纳为以下四方面:决定人们对活动的选择以及对该活动的坚持性;影响人们在困难面前的态度;影响新行为的习得和习得行为的表现;影响活动时的情绪。因此,写作自我效能感是指学生在从事写作活动时对自己写作能力进行的推测与判断,也就是学生在面临某一具体写作活动任务时,相信自己是否或在多大程度上相信自己有足够的能力去完成该写作任务。自我效能感概念一经提出便引起广泛关注,得到了大量来自不同领域的实证研究的支持。齐莫曼(Zimmerman)及其同事调查了学习者对于获得学业成功所需的自主学习策略的信心。他们发现,自主学习的自我效能感对学生的动机性信念和体验到的学业成功都具有一定积极的影响。研究发现,网络环境下的自主学习成绩和学习者自我效能感呈显著正相关,自我效能感越高,则自我监控学习行为的水平越高, 反之亦然。笔者在查阅相关的资料时,没有发现关于学生英语写作自我效能感与成绩的相关性的研究。为了找到两者的相关性,开发学生的非智力因素,培养学生的英语写作能力,提高学生的写作水平,本课题试图在汉语为母语的学习背景下,对非英语专业的大学生的英语写作自我效能感与写作成绩之间的相关性进行研究。三、实验研究(一)实验研究概述本实验研究的目的主要回答以下几个问题:大学生的写作自我效能感处于何种程度?大学生的写作自我效能感程度和他们的写作成绩是否相关?相关程度如何?在大学英语写作教学中,教师是否有必要培养和加强学生的写作自我效能感?如何培养和加强?研究对象:在海南医学院2007级临床1、2、3、4大班中分别随机抽取两个英语小班,学生人数为80人。测量工具:本研究的测量工具是2008年6月全国大学英语四级统考作文题目及一份英语写作自我效能感量表。英语写作自我效能感量表的编制依据Bandura关于自我效能的界定及测试原则,并参考了Schwarzer和他的同事于1981年开始编制一般自我效能感量表(GSES),结合英语写作教学的具体情况做了适当的修改,涵盖写作成果自信感、努力感、解决问题能力感和自我控制能力感,共10个分项;同样采用五级记分制,每题都有A,B,C,D,E五个选项:完全不适合、比较不适合、不确定、比较适合、完全适合,并被分别赋予1、2、3、4、5的分值,总分为50分,分值越大表明其写作自我效能感程度越高。研究程序:在80名实验班的学生参加完全国大学英语四级统考的第二天进行了写作自我效能感的测试。(二)数据收集和结果分析1.数据的收集。本研究收集的数据有:实验班学生的写作自我效能感量表的答卷及大学英语四级统考写作成绩。对收集到写作自我效能感量表的数据及考试中心反馈回来的四级英语统考写作成绩,使用SPSS软件包进行统计分析,主要分析计算实验班学生的写作自我效能感与四级作文成绩的关系及统计学生写作自我效能感量表的各个分值项的百分比等。目的在于了解实验班学生的写作自我效能感程度、他们的写作自我效能感与写作成绩之间是否有相关性以及相关程度如何。2.结果分析。根据写作自我效能统计的结果,我们发现80名实验班学生在10个分项中,选择效能感分值为4分和5分(即效能感程度较高)占所有选择量的35%,选择高分值或效能感程度较高的比例不大;3分(不确定因素)占40%,说明这些学生对自己的英语写作的实际水平、教学目标、能力等没有很好的了解;2分以下(即效能感程度较低)占25%。学生的写作自我效能感平均分为29分。从效能感平均分及高分值的比例看,学生的写作自我效能感不是太高。用SPSS统计软件进行相关性分析结果显示,学生的写作自我效能感与写作成绩之间的皮尔逊相关系数达0.820,且P值小于0.001,说明学生的写作自我效能感与写作成绩之间呈显著正相关或呈强相关。写作自我效能感程度高的学生写作成绩也较高,自我效能感低的学生写作成绩也比较低。四、英语写作自我效能感与写作成绩的相关性分析对大学英语写作教学的启示(一)引导学生进行积极、合理的归因在自我效能感量表的检测结果中,笔者发现了这样一个情况:3分值(“不确定”)占总选择次数的40%,其中有18名学生在10个题目中有7个以上是“不确定”。这说明这些学生对自己的英语写作的实际水平、教学目标、学习能力等没有很好的了解,从而导致了不自信或不确定。因此,教师应该注重引导学生对英语写作成败进行积极的归因。归因理论最早的提出者是美国心理学家海德(F.Heider)。归因是指对导致自己或他人行为结果的原因的知觉和推断,也就是反思成功或失败的原因。学生都有一种自我归因的能力,会对自己的成功或失败作出原因分析。归因方式会直接影响学生写作自我效能感。教师在英语写作教学过程中要及时引导学生进行合理的归因,指导和帮助他们正确分析作文成败的原因。积极的归因能保证学生进行正确的自我判断,逐步提高写作的积极性,不断激发良好的自我效能感;而消极的归因可能导致学生精力减退、毅力和坚持性下降等。如果学生把写作失败归因于自身努力不够、学习方法欠佳等自己可以控制的因素,那么他们就有可能在失败的情况下坚持努力,并相信将来一定能取得成功。相反,如果把写作失败归因于写作学习能力差、运气不好、题目难度太大、教师讲得不好、批改不认真等自己很难控制的因素,那么他们就不会相信自己能改变现状,也不会再坚持学下去。所以,教师应帮助学生对写作成败进行积极的归因分析,有助于学生从自身寻找写作成败的因素并根据表现来调节自己的写作活动,不会因一时的失败而降低对未来成功的期望,从而提高学习自我效能感。因此,引导学生对英语写作进行积极的归因是十分必要的。(二)加强英语写作策略的培训自我效能感高、学习成绩好的学生,往往具有较好的学习策略运用水平。同时,策略运用水平越高,学生自信心越强,学习就越有效,学生自我效能感也就越高。教师要在课堂教学中根据教学目的、教学要求结合课堂教学内容,对学生进行写作前的构思立意、布局谋篇、选词用句,写中的组织信息,写后的回读、修改和编辑等方面的方法和策略指导。让学生了解写作策略,懂得写作策略在写作过程中的意义与作用,从而能够自觉地、有意识地运用写作策略。如果学生掌握了有效的写作策略,就能够明确解决问题(知道应该写什么)、制订计划(运用策略合理规划写作任务)、激活有关知识(运用自己头脑中有关写作和读者的知识来设想材料呈现的最佳方式)、能评价行为(及时对文章的清晰性、完整性、一致性和错误性进行觉察和修改)等,从而激发良好的写作自我效能感。(三)优化写作反馈机制优化当前教师一人固定模式评改学生写作的反馈机制,建立多元化评改机制。在当前的写作教学中,由于受应试教育的影响,有一些教师对学生平时的写作训练采用四级考试的评定标准,对学生的写作采用固定的评语模式及评分标准。这样不但不能激起学生的写作欲望,反而会使学生失去写作的兴趣,使他们在选择写作任务时缺乏主动性,在写作过程中遇到困难缺乏坚持性,也会降低他们的写作自我效能感。因此,教师应在平时的写作教学中建立多元化评改机制。一是自评自改。培养学生换位思考,让他们站在读者的角度看待问题,了解读者的需要,这样有助他们写作水平的提高。二是互评互改。引导学生进行互评互改,让学生有机会从优秀写作者身上学到有效的解决问题策略与方法。另外,学生也有可能通过观察与自己能力、水平相近的同伴取得成功时会认为自己也有能力完成同样写作的任务,同伴的成功能促进自我效能感的提高,增强实现目标的信心,从而提高学生自我效能感。三是教师评改。教师要用欣赏、发展的眼光看待学生的作品,善于发现闪光点,哪怕一个词的正确使用,都应予赞赏。教师要有意识找一些自我效能感较强的学生进行示范,树立榜样,起表率作用,让学生在获得成功喜悦后向更高层次的成功迈进,最终激发出良好的写作自我效能感。五、结论本研究探讨了大学生写作自我效能感与成绩的相关性,发现其结果呈显著正相关。另外,学生的写作自我效能感不高,还有待加强。研究结果对大学英语写作教学一定的启示作用。同时,本次研究也存在不足:在实验中对所涉及的参数的作用和条件还需做更细致、深入的分析和研究;所采用的写作自我效能感量表虽参考了大量的研究资料,但因为没有一个完全对应并经过科学论证的量表,我们自己改制的量表还存在一些不完善的地方;另外受试样本范围小,还有扩展的空间。[参考文献][1]教育部高等教育司.大学英语课程教学要求(试行)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.[2](美)A.班杜拉.自我效能:控制的实施[M].缪小春,译.上海:华东师范大学出版社,2003.[3]司继伟.写作自我效能感的研究进展[J].心理学动态,).[4]陈亚轩,陈坚林.网络自主学习成绩与自我效能感的相关性研究 [J].外语电化教学,2007(4).[5]周勇,董奇.学习动机、归因、自我效能感与学生自我监控学习行为的关系研究[J].心理发展与教育,1994(3).[6]文秋芳.英语学习策略论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1996.[7]Zimmerman,B.J.& Bandura,A.Impact of Self-regulation Influences on Writing Course Attainment[J].American Educational Research Journal, 1994(31).提醒您本文地址:相关文章君,已阅读到文档的结尾了呢~~
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基于混合式教学的大学英语写作自我效能感培养
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3秒自动关闭窗口2015年6月大学英语六级作文押题及范文_新浪教育_新浪网
2015年6月大学英语六级作文押题及范文
  2015年上半年大学英语六级考试将于本周六开考,下面将持续为大家总结、提炼出易考的10篇作文题目,并提供了范文供广大考生参考,祝大家考试顺利,一次通关。为广大考生进行考后真题解析,敬请关注。
  1. 图画作文:传统文化/外来文化/文化交流
传统文化/外来文化/文化交流
  An American girl in traditional Chinese costume
  Directions:
  For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of An American girl in traditional Chinese costume and then explain the importance of cultural exchanges. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。
  The picture vividly depicts a lovely American girl in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face. She wears ribbons, necklaces and other accessories that are characteristic of the clothes of a certain Chinese minority group。
  The fact that people from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared internationally. In other words, a nation’s unique/distinctive culture can become international through worldwide economic and cultural exchanges. Since the trend of globalization becomes irresistible, the increasing cultural exchanges can effectively improve mutual understanding and friendship。
  It is my view that national culture as priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished. Meanwhile, there are good reasons to advocate international culture for those ideas from the other cultures, controversial or even absurd at first sight, can provide a different perspective for us to observe the world in the long run. Nevertheless, when we are confronted with a different culture, we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side。
  参考译文
  这幅图画生动描述了一位可爱的美国小女孩身穿传统的中国服装,面带甜蜜的微笑。她戴着具有某个中国少数民族服饰特征的发带、项链和其他装饰品。
  神秘的中国文化吸引了各国人民这一事实,显示了在某种程度上,一种文化可以被国际性地接受、尊重、欣赏和分享。换而言之,一个民族独特的文化可以通过全球性的经济和文化交流走向世界。由于全球化潮流不可阻挡,所以文化交流可以有效增进相互间的理解和友谊。
  在我看来,我们应该保存和珍惜作为无价精神财富的民族文化。同时,我们很有必要推广世界文化,因为来自其他文化的观点,即使乍看起来相互矛盾或荒谬,但从长远看来,可以为我们观察这个世界提供一种不同的视角。
  2.图画作文:环境保护
图画作文:环境保护
  Directions:
  For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of environmental pollution in some scenic spots and then explain the importance of environmental protection. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。
  旅程之“余”
  As is subtly portrayed in the cartoon, two tourists are taking sightseeing on a small boat while discarding their picnic leftovers casually into a lake. And below the drawing, there is a topic which says: "after" the travel or "me" in the travel。
  From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message: a good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash. On the one hand, tourism, as a multibillion-dollar business, is booming everywhere. On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used。
  Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy in places which offer few sources of income. The significant point is that the unchecked growth of the travel business may render the development of an economy unsustainable。
  参考译文
  如图所示,两名游客正在一艘小船上观光,同时把野餐的剩余垃圾随意丢入湖中。在图画下方,有个小标题写明:“旅程之‘余’”。
  从漫画中,我们可以得出结论,画家想要表达下述信息:成群的游客涌入很多景点,制造并丢弃了大量的垃圾,影响了大自然的美观。一方面,旅游业作为一项数十亿美元的产业,正在世界各地迅猛发展。另一方面,旅游业已经对我们生存的环境造成了巨大的压力:水受到污染,生态平衡遭到破坏,自然资源被过度开发。
  毫无疑问,由于在其他收入很少的地区,旅游业确实有助于发展经济,因此任何国家都无法禁止旅游业。但重要的是旅游业毫无节制的发展可能使得经济发展不可持续。
  3.提纲作文:网上购物
  Directions:
  For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below。
  1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
  2. 网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题
  3. 我的建议
  Nowadays, can we find a person who has not heard of online shopping? It may be a little difficult. Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities due to the rapid development of Internet technology。
  Online shopping is welcomed by the majority of people owing to its obvious advantages: it’s convenient and people can do it 24 hours. You can shop whenever you want――if you want to buy a mobile phone at 2 a.m., you can. Unfortunately, shopping online has its own disadvantages too: you can’t touch the item, let alone try it on. The material of the dress that you see on the screen may be flimsier than what you had expected, and it will probably look much better on the model than it does on you。
  Personally, I find buying online to be an excellent way to shop for certain items. Nevertheless, for other items, such as clothes, I reckon it is better to shop at a regular store. In a regular store, you can see the real color, feel the material, and try it on。
  参考译文
  现在,我们能够找到从未听说过网上购物的人吗?恐怕有点困难。由于互联网技术的飞速发展,网购在大多数城市都已成为时尚。
  由于网购具有的明显优势,即其方便性以及随时性,大多数人都喜欢网购。只要喜欢,你可以随时购物――如果你想半夜两点买部手机,没问题。然而,网购也有其缺点:你无法接触商品,更别说试穿了。你在屏幕上看到的衣服材料可能比你预期的要更薄,而且很可能穿在模特身上比你更好看。
  个人而言,我认为网购对于购买某些商品是一种很好的方式。然而,对于诸如服装等其他商品,我认为最好在传统商店购买。在传统商店,你可以看到真正的颜色,感觉面料,并且试穿。
  4. 图表作文:教育
  Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following diagram. Describe the diagram and analyze the possible causes. You should write at least 150 words。
年全国工程硕士招生录取人数
  工程硕士:Master of Engineering
  The diagram above clearly illustrates that dramatic elevation has occurred in the recruitment of Master of Engineering (ME) in the past seven years. According to the statistics given above, we may conclude that the recruitment of ME was on a steady rise from 1998 to 2004. In 1998, the number was at a low level, only about 2,500. Surprisingly, it reached to more than 35,000 in 2004 within no more than seven years。
  Some driving factors that contribute to the above-mentioned changes may be summarized as follows. First and foremost, China has become particularly active in manufacturing, which leads to the increasing demand of qualified engineers. In addition, the development of job market on the whole cannot keep pace with the expansion of college graduates, which obliges a large number of students to stay on campus for another three years to get better prepared for their career. Last but not least, working pressure is another reason. Taking all these factors into account, we may predict that with speedy development of our society, the number of recruitment of ME will keep growing in the forthcoming decade。
  On the other side of the coin, however, this tendency may bring about a good many problems, such as the waste of talent. It is necessary for us to take effective measures to ensure this situation doesn’t get out of hand, and encourage students to choose majors in which theoretical knowledge and practical skills will be demanded in the job market. (246 words)
  上述图表清楚揭示了过去七年在工程硕士招生方面出现了急剧增长。根据上面给出的数据,我们可以得出结论:从年,工程硕士招生稳步增长。在1998年,招生人数较少,只有大约2500人。令人惊讶的是,在不到七年中,到2004年招生人数达到35000多人。
  促成上述变化的一些主要原因可以概括如下。首先,中国在制造业方面已经变得异常活跃,这导致了高素质工程师需求的增加。此外,就业市场的总体发展无法跟上大学毕业生的增加,这促使很多学生继续呆在校园里三年时间,为就业进行更好的准备。最后,工作压力是另外一个原因。考虑到所有这些因素,我们可以预计:随着社会的迅速发展,工程硕士的招生人数在不远的将来将会继续增加。
  然而,在问题的另一方面,这种趋势可能带来很多问题,例如人才的浪费。我们必须采取有效措施确保这一状况不会失控,同时鼓励学生们选择那些在就业市场上所需要的既有理论知识又有实践技能的专业。
  5.图画作文:两代关系
  Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of self-dependence. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.
  精彩范文
  The set of drawings above vividly depict the destiny of a flower in different circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is growing in full bloom in a comfortable greenhouse that shelters it from the threatening lightning and storm. On the contrary, when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers。
  The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in the greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality. Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties。
  Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings. Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability, and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world。
  参考译文
  上述这组图生动描述了一朵鲜花在不同环境中的命运。如第一幅漫画所示,这朵鲜花正在舒适的温室里充分绽放,温室保护它免于可怕的闪电和风雨。相反,当被搬出温室并暴露在风雨之下时,鲜花很快就凋谢枯萎了。
  这朵娇弱的鲜花自然和我们的年轻人联系起来,具体而言,就是当代社会的独生子女。温室是保护孩子免受风雨的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影,而风雨就是严峻的现实。一旦年轻人开始寻求独立并且接受来自现实世界的挑战,人们发现他们已经被惯坏了,在困难面前无法足够坚强。
  总之,我们很有必要从这些发人深思的图画中得出积极的含义。只有经历更多的挑战和磨练,年轻人才能培养强大的个性和能力,而且只有这样他们才能成为这个竞争世界中的强者。
  6.引语评论:信任
  Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Maintaining Trust by commenting on the saying “It takes years to build trust, and a few seconds to destroy it。” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。
  As an old saying goes¹, “It takes years to build trust, and a few seconds to destroy it。” Maintaining trust is the most important characteristic that a person requires to be successful in life. Only by consistently proving to be² honest can a person earn the precious trust of family members and business partners。
  On the one hand, a parents’ relationship with his children must be based on trust and integrity. If a father promises many times to take his son to a football match and cancels every time, his son will naturally lose begin to lose faith in his father’s words. On the other hand, in the business world, people with no trust sooner or later earn the bad reputation they deserve. I have observed how destructive a person’s dishonesty has been to his chances for success, and how his relationships with other people are purely superficial, based only on self-interest。
  Trust is a very valuable asset, which is easy to lose but hard to gain³. In the long run, an honest person will have earned the love and respect of the people closest to them, which, in my opinion, is the greatest measure of a successful life。
  正如谚语所说,“建立信任需要很多年,但毁掉信任只需要几秒钟”。一个人若想人生有成,应具备的最重要的特征就是保持信任。一个人只有坚定不移地做到诚实,才能赢得家人和商业伙伴的宝贵信任。
  一方面,父母和孩子的关系必须建立在信任与诚信的基础上。如果一位父亲多次许诺儿子会带他去看足球比赛,结果每次都取消计划,那么慢慢地,儿子自然就不再相信父亲说的话了。另一方面,在商界,没有诚信的人迟早会落个身败名裂。我目睹了一个人用欺骗毁掉了自己成功的机会,他与别人的关系统统是以个人利益为基础,因而纯粹是肤浅的。
  信任是一份十分珍贵的财富,失去容易获得难。从长远看,一个诚实的人将赢得周围人的爱戴和尊敬。在我看来,这就是衡量成功人生的最重要的尺度。
  7. 引语评论:习惯
  Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Good habits result from resisting temptation。” You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。
  There is a saying that “Good habits result from resisting temptation”, to which I can’t agree more. Unfortunately, lack of determined will¹ and social experience, teenagers frequently fall into the traps of temptations such as Internet games, smoking, drinking, and so on。
  In a bid to form good habits, one needs a strong will and perseverance to resist temptation. Numerous examples can be given but these will suffice. The outstanding habit of reading classic literature on a regular basis² is a case in point. Nevertheless, you would definitely have to spend less time on your favorite Internet games or fascinating mobile phones. Likewise, the good habit of doing exercises every day means repeatedly dragging oneself away from the TV series and cozy couch. These cases effectively clarify that good habits arises from resisting temptation。
  As has been mentioned above³, a wise mind and determined will should be gradually cultivated so that the adolescents can resist various bad temptations and form excellent habits. Just as Oscar Wilde, an esteemed British novelist put it, “I can resist everything except temptation。”
  有句话说“好的习惯来自于抵制诱惑”,我非常同意。不幸的是,年轻人缺乏坚定的意志和社会经验,总是陷入网络游戏、吸烟、喝酒等诱惑的陷阱。
  为了养成良好的习惯,人们需要坚定的意志和坚持不懈来抵制诱惑。可以给出无数的例子,但下面这些例子足矣。经常阅读文学经典的优秀习惯就是其中之一。然而,你必须在心爱的网络游戏或诱人的手机上花费更少的时间。同样,每天进行锻炼的良好习惯意味着日复一日强迫自己远离电视剧和舒适的沙发。这些例子清楚证明了好的习惯源于抵制诱惑。
  综上所述,我们年轻人应该逐渐培养明智的心态和坚定的意志,以便抵制各种各样不好的诱惑并形成良好的习惯。正如著名的英国作家奥斯卡王尔德所说:“除了诱惑,我都能抵制。”
  8.引语评论:幸福
  Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on happiness by referring to the saying “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them。” You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can develop your ability to deal with problems and be happy. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。
  As an old saying goes, “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them。” Why is difficult to define, or rather discover and achieve happiness? I maintain the major determinant lies in a person’s attitudes。
  There is little correlation¹ between the circumstance of people’s lives and how happy they are. Instead, happiness lies in the struggle to be happy. To demonstrate, people sometimes go to extremes², and frantically pursue money, power, high social status, and so on, which are all symbols of success―but never of happiness. Perhaps if they shifted their life’s goal from ultimate success to unswerving efforts and to a confidence that they will be successful one day they would be a great deal happier。
  Besides defining it, how do I achieve happiness? There is little doubt that³ various people have diverse ways of going about this task. As for me, the most significant secret is realizing that happiness is a by-product of something else. The most obvious sources are those pursuits that give our lives a purpose. These can be anything from playing tennis to studying insects. The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience。
  正如谚语所说:“幸福并非没有问题,而在于解决问题的能力”。为何很难定义、发现和获得幸福?我认为最重要的因素在于人们的态度。
  人们的生活环境和他们多么幸福之间没什么关系。相反,幸福在于获取幸福的奋斗之中。例如,人们有时候会走极端,疯狂追求金钱、权利、很高的社会地位等等。这些都是成功的象征,但并非幸福的象征。也许如果他们把人生目标从终极成功转向未来他们必将成功的自信,他们将会更加幸福。
  除了定义幸福之外,我如何来获取幸福?毫无疑问不同的人对于实现这一目标有着迥然不同的方式。对我而言,最大的秘密就是认识到幸福只是其他事情的一种副产品。最明显的来源就是给予我们目标的那些追求。这些追求可以使从打网球到研究昆虫的任何事情。我们越有激情,我们越有可能感受到幸福。
  9. 应用文:书信
  Directions:
  You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
  1) detailed information about the books you want,
  2) methods of payment,
  3) time and way of delivery
  Dear Sir or Madam,
  As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM) , I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books。
  Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters School by September 1, 2008.
  I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon。(124 words)
  Yours sincerely,
  Li Ming
  尊敬的先生或女士:
  由于我计划参加全国硕士研究生入学考试英语考试,充分考虑到贵书店的良好声誉和书籍的优良品质,我决定订购一些考研英语书籍。
  首先,请给我关于这些书的书名、作者、出版社、价格的详细信息。其次,我也想知道付款方式和售后服务。第三,我想知道您是否方便把这些书通过特快邮政专递在日前送到学校总部。
  非常感谢您好心考虑我的请求。期待着尽快得到您的答复。
  您真诚的,
  10. 应用文:告示
  Directions:
  You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative。
  You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use " postgraduate association " instead。(10 points)
  Notice
  Volunteers are needed for the International Conference on Globalization to be held on this campus in early July. Basic requirements are familiarity with the theme of the conference and proficiency of English. Other requirements include interpersonal communication ability, familiarity with our city in terms of its tourist attractions and its history, proper manners, and sense of responsibility. Priority and preference will be given to those experienced, either in international conference or in other similar activities。
or send messagesan application and for information on the interview. Enquiries are encouraged but visits declined。(97words)
  The Postgraduate’s Association
  最后,预祝大家考试顺利,一次通关。
  说明,此文章摘自《三大名师英语四级历年真题超详解及复习指导》(王江涛、尹延、王双林编著,外研社)及《大学英语四级考试一本通》(王江涛编著,群言出版社),转载请注明出处。
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