Method for forming facultative-organism-adapted membrane bioreactor
United States Patent 8173019
A method for forming a facultative-organism-adapted membrane bioreactor by: providing a membrane bioreactor having a membrane module, aerating intensively the membrane module at a lower part thereof and maintaining the scouring against the membrane module so that an aerobic environment is formed at a middle and lower part of the membrane module, and controlling aeration intensity so that a facultative or anaerobic environment is formed around the membrane module excluding the middle and lower part thereof. The a facultative-organism-adapted membrane bioreactorformed by the method has low energy consumption, low sludge yield coefficient, and high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
Inventors:
Liao, Zhimin (Shenzhen, CN)
Xiong, Jianzhong (Shenzhen, CN)
Yang, Shengyun (Shenzhen, CN)
Zhou, Jialin (Shenzhen, CN)
Jiang, Xingfu (Shenzhen, CN)
He, Lingyun (Shenzhen, CN)
He, Qihu (Shenzhen, CN)
Ju, Dejin (Shenzhen, CN)
Wan, Aiguo (Shenzhen, CN)
Yuan, Zhihua (Shenzhen, CN)
Cao, Jiejun (Shenzhen, CN)
Tao, Kun (Shenzhen, CN)
Application Number:
Publication Date:
05/08/2012
Filing Date:
09/02/2009
Export Citation:
Jiangxi JDL Environmental Protection Research Ltd. (Nanchang, CN)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
International Classes:
Field of Search:
210/620-629
View Patent Images:
&&&&&&PDF help
US Patent References:
6616843Behmann et al.210/605
Primary Examiner:
Barry, Chester
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Matthias Scholl P.C.
Scholl, Matthias
The invention claimed is:
A method for forming a facultative-organism-adapted membrane bioreactor, the method comprising a) providing a membrane bioreactor comprising a membrane module, wherein aerobic microbe and facultative microbe coexist in the membrane bioreactor and the facultative microbe existing in the membrane biore b) aerating intensively said membrane module at a lower part thereof and maintaining a scouring effect against said membrane module so that an aerobic environment is formed at a middle and lower part of
and c) controlling aeration intensity so that a concentration of dissolved oxygen around said membrane module excluding the middle and lower part thereof is less than 1.0 mg/L whereby a facultative or anaerobic environment is formed around said membrane module excluding the middle and lower part thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the aeration intensity is controlled whereby a concentration of dissolved oxygen in said aerobic environment is 2-4 mg/L.
The method of claim 2, wherein said facultative microbe is predominant and has a percent of more than 60%.
The method of claim 1, wherein said aerating is conducted in a manner of a blower in combination with a perforated pipe.
The method of claim 1, wherein said aerating is conducted in a manner of jet aeration.
The method of claim 1, the facultative microbe comprises more than 60% of the microbes in the membrane bioreactor.
The method of claim 1, the facultative microbe comprises 70% of all the microbes in the membrane bioreactor, and the aerobic microbe comprises 10% of all the microbes in the membrane bioreactor.
A method for forming a facultative-organism-adapted membrane bioreactor, the method comprising a) providing a membrane bioreactor comprising a membrane module, wherein aerobic microbe and facultative microbe coexist in the membrane bioreactor and the facultative microbe existing in the membrane biore b) aerating intensively said membrane module at a lower part thereof and maintaining a scouring effect against said membrane module so that an aerobic environment is formed at a middle and lower part of
and c) controlling aeration intensity so that a concentration of dissolved oxygen at the middle and lower part of said membrane module is 2-4 mg/L, whereby providing a concentration of dissolved oxygen around said membrane module excluding the middle and lower part thereof of less than 1.0 mg/L to form a facultative or anaerobic environment around said membrane module excluding the middle and lower part thereof.
The method of claim 8, the facultative microbe comprises more than 60% of all the microbes in the membrane bioreactor.
The method of claim 8, the facultative microbe comprises 70% of all the microbes in the membrane bioreactor, and the aerobic microbe comprises 10% of all the microbes in the membrane bioreactor.
The method of claim 8, wherein said aerating is conducted using a blower in combination with a perforated pipe.
The method of claim 8, wherein said aerating is conducted in by jet aeration.
A method for forming a facultative-organism-adapted membrane bioreactor, the method comprising a) providing a membrane bioreactor comprising a membrane module, wherein aerobic microbe and facultative microbe coexist in the membrane bioreactor and the facultative microbe existing in the membrane biore b) aerating intensively said membrane module at a lower part thereof and maintaining a scouring effect against said membrane module so that an aerobic environment is formed at a middle and lower part of
and c) controlling aeration intensity so that a concentration of dissolved oxygen at the middle and lower part of said membrane module is 2-4 mg/L, whereby providing a concentration of dissolved oxygen around said membrane module excluding the middle and lower part thereof of less than 1.0 mg/L to form a facultative or anaerobic environment around said membrane module excluding the middle an wherein the facultative microbe comprises more than 60% of all the microbes in the membrane bioreactor.
The method of claim 13, the facultative microbe comprises 70% of all the microbes in the membrane bioreactor, and the aerobic microbe comprises 10% of all the microbes in the membrane bioreactor.
The method of claim 13, wherein said aerating is conducted using a blower in combination with a perforated pipe.
The method of claim 13, wherein said aerating is conducted by jet aeration.
Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONSPursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119 and the Paris Convention Treaty, this application claims the benefit of Chinese Patent Application No. .0 filed May 15, 2009, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the InventionThe invention relates to a method for forming a membrane bioreactor, and more particularly to a method for forming a facultative-organism-adapted membrane bioreactor with facultative microbe as predominant microbe.2. Description of the Related ArtA membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane separation technology and a bio-reaction technology, and is widely used for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. Membrane bioreactors exist in various forms such as submerged membrane bioreactor, separated membrane bioreactor and so on. By membrane bioreactor, the separation effect of solid and liquid in a system has been improved, and thereby the effluent quality and volume loading of a treatment system have been enhanced greatly.However, nowadays widely-used membrane bioreactors are pure aerobic membrane bioreactors. These pure aerobic membrane bioreactors have many disadvantages. Firstly, to maintain a good scouring effect against the membrane and ensure sufficient oxygen for aerobic microbe to degrade pollutants, a high-powered blower is needed to provide oxygen for the membrane bioreactor, thereby resulting in high energy consumption. Secondly, in a pure aerobic membrane bioreactor aerobic microbe is predominant, although the aerobic microbe has a faster degradation rate on the sludge, its reproductive cycle is much shorter than that of facultative or anaerobic microbe, and thereby sludge yield in an aerobic membrane bioreactor is much more than that in a facultative or anaerobic membrane bioreactor, resulting in high sludge yield coefficient and difficulty to remove the sludge. Thirdly, under aerobic conditions, microbe can only convert ammoniacal nitrogen of wastewater into nitrate nitrogen and absorb phosphor, but can the further removal of nitrogen and release of phosphor need to be conducted in facultative or anaerobic conditions, which cannot be achieved in a pure aerobic membrane bioreactor and results in a bad efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn view of the above-described problems, it is one objective of the invention to provide a method for forming a facultative-organism-adapted membrane bioreactor with facultative microbe as predominant microbe and characterizered by low energy consumption and high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.To achieve the above objectives, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method for forming a facultative-organism-adapted membrane bioreactor with facultative microbe as predominant microbe and characterizered by low energy consumption and high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, the method comprising providing a membrane bioreactor comprising a membrane module, aerating intensively the membrane module at a lower part thereof and maintaining the scouring against the membrane module so that an aerobic environment is formed at a middle and lower part of the membrane module, and controlling aeration intensity so that a facultative or anaerobic environment is formed around the membrane module excluding the middle and lower part thereof.In a class of this embodiment, the aeration is conducted in a manner of a blower in combination with a perforated pipe or in a manner of jet aeration. The aeration intensity focuses on the lower part of the membrane module to form a local aerobic environment and to maintain the scouring effect against the membrane module so that microbe can degrade organic compounds quickly by aerobic nitrification and phosphor absorption under aerobic conditions.In a class of this embodiment, a concentration of dissolved oxygen in the aerobic environment is 2-4 mg/L, and a concentration of dissolved oxygen around the membrane module excluding the middle and lower part thereof is less than 1.0 mg/L so as to maintain a facultative environment.In a class of this embodiment, facultative microbe is predominant and has a percent of more than 60%, and coexists with aerobic microbe in the facultative membrane bioreactor.Advantages of the invention are summarized below: in the facultative membrane bioreactor of the invention, the aerobic environment and anaerobic environment are formed alternately, so aerobic nitrification and phosphor absorption under aerobic environment and denitrification and phosphor release under anaerobic environment can be conducted smoothly, and thereby problems such as high sludge yield and low efficiency of nitrogen and phosphor removal are solved. Compared with a pure aerobic membrane bioreactor, in the invention, the total nitrogen removal rate is more than 70%, and the total phosphor removal rate is more than 60%. Furthermore, due to facultative microbe as predominant microbe in the invention, the total biochemical oxygen demand is reduced, the energy consumption is merely 0.25-0.5 Kw·h/m3, the total sludge concentration is
mg/L, and the effluent quality is stable and better than the GB/T standard of the reuse of urban recycling water-urban miscellaneous water consumption.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTSThe embodiment provides a method for forming a facultative-organism-adapted membrane bioreactor with facultative microbe as predominant microbe and characterizered by low energy consumption and high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, comprising providing a membrane bioreactor comprising a membrane module, aerating intensively the membrane module at a lower part thereof and maintaining the scouring effect against the membrane module so that an aerobic environment is formed at a middle and lower part of the membrane module, and controlling aeration intensity so that a facultative or anaerobic environment is formed around the membrane module excluding the middle and lower part thereof.In this embodiment, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the aerobic environment is 2-4 mg/L, thereby providing a biochemical reaction condition for rapid degradation of organic compounds, aerobic nitrification, and aerobic phosphor absorption.In this embodiment, the concentration of dissolved oxygen around the membrane module excluding the middle and lower part thereof is less than 1.0 mg/L so as to maintain a facultative environment.In this embodiment, facultative microbe has a percent of 70%, aerobic microbe has a percent of 10%, and other microbe has a percent of 20%.Therefore, by controlling the concentration of dissolved oxygen in most areas of the membrane bioreactor at less than 1.0 mg/L, the facultative microbe is predominant and coexists with the aerobic microbe.In the membrane bioreactor of this embodiment, the aerobic environment and anaerobic environment are formed alternately, so aerobic nitrification and phosphor absorption under aerobic environment and denitrification and phosphor release under anaerobic environment can be conducted smoothly. In this embodiment, the total nitrogen removal rate is more than 70%, the total phosphor removal rate is more than 60%, and the energy consumption is merely 0.25-0.5 Kw·h/m3, which is decreased by 50% of energy consumption compared with conventional aerobic membrane bioreactor.While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects, and therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
& 2004-. All rights reserved.zuo jun xi ：8 yue 24 ri EIA lai xi yuan you ju bing xi he ju ， zhe li kan wan ni jiu qing chu - 王朝网络 -
分享&&&&&当前位置: &&&&&&&&zuo jun xi ：8 yue 24 ri EIA lai xi yuan you ju bing xi he ju ， zhe li kan wan ni jiu qing chuzuo jun xi ：8 yue 24 ri EIA lai xi yuan you ju bing xi he ju ， zhe li kan wan ni jiu qing chu 16:46:36&來源:互联网&&&&本文为【】的拼音翻译版　　zuo jun xi ：8 yue 24 ri EIA lai xi yuan you ju bing xi he ju ， zhe li kan wan ni jiu qing chu 　　　　　　cong OPEC zu zhi fang yan jiang zai 9 yue fen zhao kai de hui yi shang jiu dong chan yi shi zhan kai tao lun hou ， yuan you jia ge bian jia su kuang biao ， shang zhou you jia geng shi chuang xia jin nian 3 yue yi lai zui da dan zhou zhang fu ， duan duan 14 ge jiao yi ri you jia jiu jin ru ji shu xing niu shi 。 ben zhou de yuan you ju bing xi xing qing jie zhi dao mu qian wei zhi ， bo dong bu suan tai xiao ， jiu zuo tian yin wei yi lang ji ji yan lun de li hao ci ji ， yuan you ju bing xi da fu la sheng ， shou dao ling chen API shu ju de li kong de ying xiang ， you jia zai ci xia xing 。　　【 zuo jun xi QQ li cai zhuan xian ：8 4 1 1 4 2 5 0 3】 【24 xiao shi zhi dao wei xin ：zjx3562】【 huang jin bai yin yuan you tian ran qi shi zhan han dan qun ， yan zheng ：Q5 】　　　　na me zuo wei EIA shu ju de qian zhan zhi biao API shu ju gong bu ， ku cun da fu zeng jia ， jin wan EIA shu ju yu ce zeng jia yu qi ye shi li kong yuan you jia ge ， dan shi zi 8 yue yi lai ， yuan you jia ge ni fan 7 yue die shi san zhou lian zhang ， qi gen ben yuan yin shi OPEC dong chan chuan wen you qi ， dan zui zhong neng fou da cheng reng kan “ sha yi zhi zheng ”， er jin ri yi lang you chuan shen jia OPEC dong chan hui yi ， ling duo tou sheng wen 。 na me bi zhe ren wei jin wan de EIA jiang hui shi yi ge bu ping fan de ye wan ， bi zhe yao ti xing de shi ， mei ci da shu ju de gong bu ， ban sui shi de jia bei huo li de tong shi ， ye shi fan bei zeng jia feng xian de shi jian ， suo yi zai cao zuo shang da bu ke ma hu ， bi zhe chang shuo de qing cang ， dai zhi sun ， bu yao bu xie yi gu ， dao shi hou kui sun ， tao dan you dao chu zhao lao shi si ma dang huo ma yi 　　　　　　wei le rang da jia geng hao de zuo hao zhun bei ， bi zhe zai zhe li dui jin wan EIA zou shi zuo jing zhi fen xi 　　◆ shu ju shi ji gong bu zhi X, yu qi zhi -49.5 wan tong qian zhi -250.8 wan tong ， yu qi li kong you jia 　　1 ruo shi ji zhi gong bu zhi X da yu yu ce zhi -49.5， ku cun zeng jia ， li kong you jia ， yuan you li qing you ju bing xi cao zuo shang kong dan wei zhu ， yuan you chong dian guan zhu 47.5，48 yi xian ， xia fang chong dian guan zhu zhi cheng 47， qi ci 46.5， die po huan hui yan xu zou ruo qu shi ， hua shang pan mian shang ， chong dian guan zhu zhi cheng 4700 yi xian ， die po yi jiang yan xu xia xing 　　2， ruo shi ji gong bu zhi X xiao yu qian zhi -250.8， ku cun da fu jian shao ， li hao yuan you li qing you ju bing xi ， cao zuo shang duo wei zhu ， yuan you chong dian guan zhu shang fang ya zhi 47.6--48.2， qi ci 48.8， tu po huan you shang zhang de kong jian ， hua shang pan mian shang chong dian guan zhu 4800 yi xian ， qi ci 4860 yi xian 　　3， qian zhi -250.8 da yu ruo shi ji gong bu zhi xiao yu yu ce zhi -49.5， ku cun xiao fu jian shao ， xing qing yu ji xian zhang zai die ， cao zuo shang ke yi xian duo hou kong ce lue ， yuan you chong dian guan zhu 47.5-48.5 zhi jian de qu jian fang shou ， ju bing xi shang zhu yi
de qu jian fang shou 　　【 zuo jun xi QQ li cai zhuan xian ：8 4 1 1 4 2 5 0 3】 【24 xiao shi zhi dao wei xin ：zjx3562】【 huang jin bai yin yuan you tian ran qi shi zhan han dan qun ， yan zheng ：Q5 】　　gen ju qian qi EIA gong bu de shu ju xian shi lai kan ， bi zhe zuo jun xi yu ji jin wan EIA li kong qing xu pian duo ， dan shi ye yao yu fang mai yu qi mai xian shi de qing kuang de chu xian ， suo yi ti xing tou zi zhe zuo hao feng xian kong zhi ，EIA ti qian bu ju ji zui xin shu ju zuo dan ke yi xiang xun bi zhe zuo jun xi 　　【】【】&&&&&今日推荐
&&&&&&老钟家的两个儿子很特别，就是跟其他的人不太一样，魔一般的执着。兄弟俩都到了要结婚的年龄了，不管自家老爹怎么磨破嘴皮子，兄弟俩说不娶就不娶，老父母为兄弟两操碎了心...把牛仔裤磨出有线的破洞
1、具体工具就是磨脚石，下面垫一个硬物，然后用磨脚石一直磨一直磨，到把那块磨薄了，用手撕开就好了。出来的洞啊很自然的。需要猫须的话调几...先来看下敬业福和爱国福
今年春节，支付宝再次推出了“五福红包”活动，表示要“把欠大家的敬业福都还给大家”。
今天该活动正式启动，和去年一样，需要收集“五福”...有时候我们打开冰箱就会闻到一股异味，冰箱里的这种异味是因为一些物质发出的气味的混合体，闻起来让人恶心。 产生这些异味的主要原因有以下几点。
1、很多人有这种习...简介
《极品家丁》讲述了现代白领林晚荣无意回到古代金陵，并追随萧二小姐化名“林三”进入萧府，不料却阴差阳错上演了一出低级家丁拼搏上位的“林三升职记”。...你就是我最爱的宝宝 - 李溪芮
(电视剧《极品家丁》片尾曲)
作词：常馨内
作曲：常馨内
你的眉 又鬼马的挑
你的嘴 又坏坏的笑
上一秒吵闹 下...乌梅，又称春梅，中医认为，乌梅味酸，性温，无毒，具有安心、除热、下气、祛痰、止渴调中、杀虫的功效，治肢体痛、肺痨病。乌梅泡水喝能治伤寒烦热、止吐泻，与干姜一起制...什么是脂肪粒
在我们的脸上总会长一个个像脂肪的小颗粒，弄也弄不掉，而且颜色还是白白的。它既不是粉刺也不是其他的任何痘痘，它就是脂肪粒。
脂肪粒虽然也是由油脂...来源：中国青年报
新的攻击方法不断涌现，黑客几乎永远占据网络攻击的上风，我们不可能通过技术手段杜绝网络攻击。国家安全保障的主要方向是打击犯罪，而不是处置和惩罚...夫妻网络直播“造人”爆红
　　1月9日，温岭城北派出所接到南京警方的协查通告，他们近期打掉了一个涉黄直播APP平台。而根据掌握的线索，其中有一对涉案的夫妻主播...如何防止墙纸老化？
（1）选择透气性好的墙纸
市场上墙纸的材质分无纺布的、木纤维的、PVC的、玻璃纤维基材的、布面的等，相对而言，PVC材质的墙纸最不透气...观点一：破日本销售量的“鲜肌之谜” 非日本生产
近一段时间，淘宝上架了一款名为“鲜肌之谜的” 鲑鱼卵巢美容液，号称是最近日本的一款推出的全新护肤品，产品本身所...系腰裙(北宋词人 张先)
惜霜蟾照夜云天，朦胧影、画勾阑。人情纵似长情月，算一年年。又能得、几番圆。
欲寄西江题叶字，流不到、五亭前。东池始有荷新绿，尚小如...关于女人的经典语句1、【做一个独立的女人】
思想独立：有主见、有自己的人生观、价值观。有上进心,永远不放弃自己的理想，做一份自己喜爱的事业，拥有快乐和成就...你想体验机器人性爱吗？你想和性爱机器人结婚吗？如果你想，机器人有拒绝你的权利吗？
近日，第二届“国际人类-机器人性爱研讨会”大会在伦敦金史密斯大学落下帷幕。而...10.土耳其地下洞穴城市
变态指数：★★☆☆☆
这是土耳其卡帕多西亚的一个著名景点，传说是当年基督教徒们为了躲避战争而在此修建。里面曾住着20000人，......据英国《每日快报》报道，一位科学家兼理论家Robert Lanza博士宣称，世界上并不存在人类死亡，死亡的只是身体。他认为我们的意识借助我们体内的能量生存，而且...《我爱狐狸精》 - 刘馨棋
　　(电视剧《屏里狐》主题曲)
　　作词：金十三&李旦
　　作曲：刘嘉
　　狐狸精 狐狸仙
　　千年修... under pass
自由人非常擅长传球和垫球。
The libero is very go...·&·&·&&&zuo jun xi ：8 yue 24 ri EIA lai xi yuan you ju bing xi he ju ， zhe li kan wan ni jiu qing chu
cong OPEC zu zhi fang yan jiang zai 9 yue fen zhao kai de hui yi shang jiu dong chan yi shi zhan kai tao lun hou ， yuan you jia ge bian jia su kuang biao ， shang zhou you jia geng shi chuang xia jin nian 3 yue yi lai zui da dan zhou zhang fu ， duan duan 14 ge jiao yi ri you jia jiu jin ru ji shu xing niu shi 。 ben zhou de yuan you ju bing xi xing qing jie zhi dao mu qian wei zhi ， bo dong bu suan tai xiao ， jiu zuo tian yin wei yi lang ji ji yan lun de li hao ci ji ， yuan you ju bing xi da fu la sheng ， shou dao ling chen API shu ju de li kong de ying xiang ， you jia zai ci xia xing 。
【 zuo jun xi QQ li cai zhuan xian ：8 4 1 1 4 2 5 0 3】 【24 xiao shi zhi dao wei xin ：zjx3562】【 huang jin bai yin yuan you tian ran qi shi zhan han dan qun ， yan zheng ：Q5 】
na me zuo wei EIA shu ju de qian zhan zhi biao API shu ju gong bu ， ku cun da fu zeng jia ， jin wan EIA shu ju yu ce zeng jia yu qi ye shi li kong yuan you jia ge ， dan shi zi 8 yue yi lai ， yuan you jia ge ni fan 7 yue die shi san zhou lian zhang ， qi gen ben yuan yin shi OPEC dong chan chuan wen you qi ， dan zui zhong neng fou da cheng reng kan “ sha yi zhi zheng ”， er jin ri yi lang you chuan shen jia OPEC dong chan hui yi ， ling duo tou sheng wen 。 na me bi zhe ren wei jin wan de EIA jiang hui shi yi ge bu ping fan de ye wan ， bi zhe yao ti xing de shi ， mei ci da shu ju de gong bu ， ban sui shi de jia bei huo li de tong shi ， ye shi fan bei zeng jia feng xian de shi jian ， suo yi zai cao zuo shang da bu ke ma hu ， bi zhe chang shuo de qing cang ， dai zhi sun ， bu yao bu xie yi gu ， dao shi hou kui sun ， tao dan you dao chu zhao lao shi si ma dang huo ma yi
wei le rang da jia geng hao de zuo hao zhun bei ， bi zhe zai zhe li dui jin wan EIA zou shi zuo jing zhi fen xi
◆ shu ju shi ji gong bu zhi X, yu qi zhi -49.5 wan tong qian zhi -250.8 wan tong ， yu qi li kong you jia
1 ruo shi ji zhi gong bu zhi X da yu yu ce zhi -49.5， ku cun zeng jia ， li kong you jia ， yuan you li qing you ju bing xi cao zuo shang kong dan wei zhu ， yuan you chong dian guan zhu 47.5，48 yi xian ， xia fang chong dian guan zhu zhi cheng 47， qi ci 46.5， die po huan hui yan xu zou ruo qu shi ， hua shang pan mian shang ， chong dian guan zhu zhi cheng 4700 yi xian ， die po yi jiang yan xu xia xing
2， ruo shi ji gong bu zhi X xiao yu qian zhi -250.8， ku cun da fu jian shao ， li hao yuan you li qing you ju bing xi ， cao zuo shang duo wei zhu ， yuan you chong dian guan zhu shang fang ya zhi 47.6--48.2， qi ci 48.8， tu po huan you shang zhang de kong jian ， hua shang pan mian shang chong dian guan zhu 4800 yi xian ， qi ci 4860 yi xian
3， qian zhi -250.8 da yu ruo shi ji gong bu zhi xiao yu yu ce zhi -49.5， ku cun xiao fu jian shao ， xing qing yu ji xian zhang zai die ， cao zuo shang ke yi xian duo hou kong ce lue ， yuan you chong dian guan zhu 47.5-48.5 zhi jian de qu jian fang shou ， ju bing xi shang zhu yi
de qu jian fang shou
【 zuo jun xi QQ li cai zhuan xian ：8 4 1 1 4 2 5 0 3】 【24 xiao shi zhi dao wei xin ：zjx3562】【 huang jin bai yin yuan you tian ran qi shi zhan han dan qun ， yan zheng ：Q5 】
gen ju qian qi EIA gong bu de shu ju xian shi lai kan ， bi zhe zuo jun xi yu ji jin wan EIA li kong qing xu pian duo ， dan shi ye yao yu fang mai yu qi mai xian shi de qing kuang de chu xian ， suo yi ti xing tou zi zhe zuo hao feng xian kong zhi ，EIA ti qian bu ju ji zui xin shu ju zuo dan ke yi xiang xun bi zhe zuo jun xi
　　免责声明：本文仅代表作者个人观点，与王朝网络无关。王朝网络登载此文出于传递更多信息之目的，并不意味着赞同其观点或证实其描述，其原创性以及文中陈述文字和内容未经本站证实，对本文以及其中全部或者部分内容、文字的真实性、完整性、及时性本站不作任何保证或承诺，请读者仅作参考，并请自行核实相关内容。&&&&&&为你推荐&&&&&&转载本文&UBB代码&HTML代码复制到剪贴板...&更多内容··········&&&&&&&&&&频道精选&&&王朝女性&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&王朝分栏&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&王朝编程&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&王朝导购&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&王朝其他&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&|&&&&2005-&&版权所有&