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重点识记词汇 1.graduation n．毕业2.occasion n．时刻，时机
3．nowadays adv.现今，现在
4.burn down烧毁
5．take part in参与，参加
6.put out扑灭；熄灭
7．apply for申请，请求
8.depend on依靠；根据
9．on time准时
10.smartly adv.潇洒地；漂亮地
11．even if即使
12.ceremony n．典礼，仪式
13．attend vt.出席，参加
14.link vt.连接
15．seriously adv.认真地；真诚地
16.put up搭起；建造；竖起
17．swallow vt.吞下，咽下
18.adult n．成年人
19．carry on继续；坚持
20.as well也，还，同样地
21．unfortunately adv.不幸地
22.mess n．混乱，脏乱
23．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者
24.traditional adj.传统的→tradition n．传统
25．celebration n．庆祝，庆典→celebrate vt.庆祝
26.power n．控制力；权力→powerful adj.强大的
27．destroy vt.破坏，毁坏→destruction n．破坏，毁灭
28．decorate vt.装饰，布置→decoration n．装饰
29．boil vt.&vi.煮沸，沸腾→boiling adj.沸腾的
30．serve v．服务；服役；端上(饭菜)→service n．服务
31．congratulation n．祝贺→congratulate vt.祝贺
32．entrance n．入口→enter v．进入
33．invitation n．邀请；请柬；诱惑→invite vt.邀请
34．contribute vt.捐助；贡献→contribution n．贡献
35．merry adj.高兴的，愉快的→merrily adv.愉快地
36．apply vi.申请；vt.应用→application n．申请(书)；应用
37．darkness n．黑暗，漆黑→dark n．黄昏；暗处；adj.深色的；黑暗的
38．reception n．接待；招待会；接收效果→receive v．接受；体验；接纳；收听
39．production n．生产，制造；产量→product n．产品，产物；结果→produce v．生产，制造
必背经典句式 1.On this day，the moon is said to be its biggest and brightest.
据说这一天的月亮是最大最亮的。
2．If a friend gets an invitation to a wedding，you can go with him/her，even if you don’t receive an invitation yourself.
如果一个朋友收到了去婚礼的请帖，即使你本人没有收到请帖，也可以与他(她)一起去。
3．We tried to stay awake as long as possible to see Father Christmas but the next thing we knew it was morning.
为了看到圣诞老人，我们努力使醒着的时间尽可能的长，但是我们所知道的下一个事情就是早上了。
必背经典句式 4.At the bottom of the bed was the stocking，now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets.
床尾的袜子里已经装满各种各样的小礼物和糖果。
5．I put so much food in my mouth sometimes that it was hard to swallow.
我把如此多的食物塞入口中以至于很难吞咽。
6．It was believed that any village that did not give food would have bad luck.
人们认为不给食物的村庄会有坏运气。
构词记忆 　disappear /?dIs?pI?/vi.不见；消失；灭绝
disapprove /?dIs?pru:v/vi.&vt.不赞成；不许可；不同意
discourage /?dIsk?rId?/vt.使泄气；使沮丧；阻拦
Ⅰ.词汇与派生
A．语境填词
1．Nowadays(如今) after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools.
2．The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance(门口)，letting in the natural light during the day.
3．What you said on the occasion(时刻) was not appropriate.
4．As any serious job-hunter knows，it helps to dress smartly(潇洒地) and smile at that all-important interview.
5．He mistook the time and did not attend(参加) the meeting.
6．She still kept up with her classmates after graduation(毕业)．
7．On October 1st,2013，a grand ceremony(仪式) was held to celebrate the 64th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
8．I’m not sure how much scholarship(奖学金) you will receive，but it will roughly cover your major expenses.
9．I suspect you have swallowed(侵吞) an enormous sum of the company.
10．Every family in the village is living a merry(愉快的) life.
B．用所给词的适当形式填空
11．They could hardly make out where the road was in darkness (dark)．
12．Have you written back to your aunt yet，thanking her for her invitation
13．One of the greatest things a parent can do is helping their children find where they can make the greatest
contribution
(contribute)．
14．So to all the winners who are here today，congratulations
(congratulate)! Keep up the excellent work.
15．The popularity of computer teaching has greatly changed the traditional (tradition) education concepts.
16．Combining them into one，well，the words
“boiling (boil) the ocean” comes to mind.
17．The opposition is getting ready to mount a powerful (power) attack on the government.
18．Please send a recent facial photograph of yourself with your application (apply)．
19．The three sisters decided to hold a family party in celebration (celebrate) of their parents’ silver wedding.
20．Jennifer picked a large bunch of flowers for table decoration (decorate)．
Ⅱ.短语运用
A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空
depend on，put up，apply for，contribute to，take an active part in，serve as，carry on，burn down
21.When Tom lost his sight，his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog.
22．This store put up a poster in the neighbourhood.
23．Most of us senior students are able to carry on a conversation with people from English-speaking countries.
24．Most houses in the village were burnt down to the ground by the enemy.
25．In a way，I’m glad you made that mistake，for it will serve as a warning to you.
26．The rent might be twenty-five to fifty pounds an hour，or more，depending on the computer.
27．Professor though Mr. Smith is，he takes an active part in politics.
28．A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.
B．用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
as well，even if，on time，in a mess
29.Even if we could afford it，we wouldn’t go abroad for our vacation.
30．Penny，your books and magazines are almost in a mess，go and put them in order.
31．The bus is never so on time as the train.
32．I’m an English major，and my brother is an English major
Ⅲ.经典句式
33．It was reported that seven persons were killed in the traffic accident.
据报道，有7个人死于那起交通事故。
34．His theory is difficult to understand.
他的理论很难理解。
35．I hope you’ll stay as long as possible.
我希望你尽可能住久一点。
36．In front of the building stands a big tree，which dates back to 200 years ago.
大楼前面矗立着一棵可以追溯到200年前的大树。
37．Even if it doesn’t rain tomorrow，I won’t go with you.
即使明天不下雨，我也不和你去。
38．This book is said to have been translated into English.
据说这本书已被译成英语。
[应试指导]　(1)on no occasion位于句首时倒装的考查　(2)作先行词时定语从句引导词的考查
on occasion?s?偶尔，有时
on one occasion曾经，有一次
on this/that occasion在这个/那个时候
on no occasion绝不，不会
occasional adj.偶尔的，间或发生的
occasionally adv.有时，偶尔
It is an occasion for all the family to celebrate.
这是个值得举家庆祝的时刻。
What do they say when they meet on a formal occasion?
在正式场合见面的时候，他们要说什么？
[夯实基础]
(1)I call on my parents on occasion.
(2)On no occasion should you do such a thing like that.
(3)I can remember very few occasions when he had to ask for leave because of ill health.
[应试指导]　祝贺类写作高频词汇
in celebration of为庆贺……
celebrate sth.庆祝……
congratulate sb./oneself on sth.因……向某人/自己庆贺
Congratulations！祝贺！恭喜！
Usually，no matter how far away or how busy we are，we will try to return home for the celebration.
通常不管我们多么远，多么忙，我们都努力回家来庆祝这一节日。(辽宁·书面表达)
[夯实基础]
(1)The old couple held a party to celebrate(celebrate) their fiftieth wedding anniversary last week.
(2)I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.
(3)Celebrating/To celebrate(celebrate) Christmas is their custom.
(4)I congratulated myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.
[应试指导]　在谚语中的应用
come to/into power掌权；上台
in one’s power在某人的掌控中
beyond/out of one’s power某人不能胜任的，超出某人能力的
do all in one’s power尽力而为
As the saying goes，knowledge is power.
俗话说，知识就是力量。
She is said to have the power to foresee the future.
据说她有预测未来的能力。
She interviewed six women who have reached positions of great power and influence.
她采访了6名身居高位，并且颇具影响力的女士。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①The president is the most powerful(power) man in America.
②They have invented a new car，which is powered(power) by solar batteries.
(2)He told her that he would do everything in his power to prove that he was the man for her.
①He told her that he would do what he could to prove that he was the man for her.(改为含有what从句的复合句)
②He told her that he would do his best to prove that he was the man for her.(用do one’s best改写句子)
destroy one’s health有害健康
destroy one’s career/hopes毁灭某人的事业/毁掉希望
cause/do damage to对……造成破坏
The fire destroyed most of the building.
大火把这座建筑物几乎烧毁了。
All hopes of a peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.
和平解决的希望都被他的讲话给毁了。
Failure was slowly destroying him.
失败渐渐地把他毁了。
[词义辨析]　destroy，damage
(1)destroy表示毁灭性的破坏，多指无法修复。
(2)damage指不同程度的损害、毁坏；作名词时，表示“损害”。
[夯实基础]
(1)用destroy，damage的适当形式填空
①The bridge was destroyed by the flood.
②The strong sandstorm damaged most of the young trees.
(2)语法填空
①Smoking destroying(destroy) his health，he is quite weak now.
②His hope destroyed(destroy)，he felt helpless.
[应试指导]　场所介绍类写作高频词汇
decorate...with...用……装饰……
decoration n.装饰；装修；装饰品
The hall is decorated with flowers.
大厅里摆放着鲜花。
[夯实基础]
(1)With its simple decoration(decorate)，the main bedroom is a peaceful heaven.
(2)He decorated his room with pictures of all his favorite sports figures.
serve sth.to sb.＝serve sb.sth.给某人端上……
serve the people为人民服务
serve as当作；作为
at the service of sb.＝at one’s service听……差遣；随时准备为……做事
server n.服务器；侍者
Who will serve lunch to us/serve us lunch?
谁招待我们吃午饭？
The company said it would focus on making more competitive servers，storage and networking gear，as well as analytic software.
该公司说，它将专注于生产更有竞争力的服务器、存储设备和联网设备，以及分析软件。
[夯实基础]
(1)When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army(去部队服役)．
(2)She ushered(引导) me into the front room，which served as(用作) her office.
(3)We are at your service(随时为你服务)．Don’t hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems.
apply vt.&vi.涂?put or spread sth.onto a surface?；应用?use?；使用；申请?make a request?；涉及?concern，relate?
[应试指导]　申请类写作高频词汇
apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物
apply to适合
apply sth.to sth.把某物应用(涂抹)于……
apply oneself to (＝be applied to)(doing)sth.致力于/集中精力于……
application n．申请；报名；适用
applicant n．申请者；应征者；报名者
Apply some medicine to his wound.
给他的伤口上点药吧。
What you said doesn’t apply to me.
你所说的并不适合我。
[夯实基础]
(1)用apply的适当形式填空
①The new technology，if applied to rice growing，will help increase the grain output.
②His application for membership of the organization was rejected.
③If the applicant is not a true candidate for the job，do not interview him.
(2)If you apply yourself to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.
①Applying yourself to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)
②Applied to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
[应试指导]　其高级词汇是be present at
attend school/class/church上学/上课/做礼拜
attend on/upon sb.伺候某人；照顾某人
attend to sb./sth.处理；倾听；照料；专心；注意
Thousands of people attended the ceremony.
数千人参加了庆典。
They will not attend the Olympic Winter Games.
他们不会出席本届冬奥会。
The main thing is to attend to the injured.
首要任务是照顾伤者。
[夯实基础]
用attend短语的适当形式填空
(1)—Would you like to join us in the game?
—I’m afraid not，for I have something important to attend to.
(2)I’m staying at home tonight to attend on/to my father.
contribute v.捐献；捐助?give money or goods to...?；是……的原因之一?be one of the causes of sth.?；贡献；投稿?write...for...?
[多词一义]　contribute to，result in，be responsible for，bring about，lead to，cause
contribute...to...把……贡献给……
contribute to?＝result in/lead to?有助于；导致
make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献
He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.
他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。
Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund?
你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？
[图解助记]
[夯实基础]
(1)同义句改写
Various factors contributed to his downfall.
Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused his downfall.
(2)In a discussion group，it’s very important that everyone contributes(每个人都贡献) whatever’s in their minds.
link...to/with把……连接起来
be linked to/with和……有联系
link up连接起来
Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.
研究人员发现了吸烟和心脏病之间的关系。
Television stations around the world are linked by satellites.
全世界的电视台通过卫星联系在一起。
[夯实基础]
(1)Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.
(2)The newspapers have linked his name with hers.
(3)The two spacecraft will link up with each other in orbit.
take...seriously认真对待
be serious about对……严肃
I want people who take responsibility seriously.
我想招的是那些严肃对待责任的人。
I’m afraid I’m not a very serious person.
恐怕我不是一个非常严肃的人。
[夯实基础]
(1)It was a question which deserved serious consideration(认真考虑)．
(2)He was serious about(认真对待) the matter.
in a mess一片混乱
make a mess of把……弄乱
mess up把……弄糟
messy adj.杂乱的
When he returned home，he found everything in a terrible mess.
他回到家以后，发现一切都乱糟糟的。
Don’t mess up the house while I am gone.
我不在的时候别把房子里弄得乱糟糟的。
[夯实基础]
(1)Mei began being upset and wondered why everything was in a mess.
(2)As the work tends to be a bit messy(mess)，you’ll need to wear old clothes.
burn...to the ground把……烧成平地
be burned/burnt out耗尽体力，累垮
be burning to do sth.热切盼望做某事
The village was burned to the ground during the war.
这个村庄在战争期间被烧得精光。
By the age of 25 she was completely burned out and retired from the sport.
她到25岁时就已体力耗尽，退出了体坛。
[夯实基础]
He is eager to tell us his great success.
He is burning to tell us his great success.(用burn短语改写句子)
for one’s part就某人来说
for the most part?＝mostly?多半；通常
in part部分地
play a part in参加；对……起作用
part with卖掉；放弃；出让
A good listener takes part in the conversation，offering ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
一个好的倾听者要参与进对话中，出主意、提问题，使得谈话流畅进行。
Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was that it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
[夯实基础]
选择方框内的短语填空
for the most part，in part，part with，play a part in
(1)All this may play a part in the war on terrorism.
(2)He naturally didn’t want to part with his house.
(3)His success is in part owing to luck.
(4)The students are，for the most part，from villages.
[应试指导]　交际用语It/That depends的考查
[多词一义]　depend on，rely on，count on
depend on sb.to do...依靠某人做……
depending on取决于……
depend on it that...指望……；相信……
It/That ?all? depends.视情况而定。
The cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato.
所需的烹饪时间取决于土豆的大小。
He depended on his writing for his income.
他靠写作赚取收入。
[夯实基础]
You can depend on him to help you.
(1)You can depend on it that he will help you.(用it作形式宾语改写句子)
(2)You can depend on his helping you.(用动名词改写句子)
in time及时
in no time立即，马上
at no time决不
at a time一次
at one time曾经；一度
keep time走得准；合拍
kill time消磨时间,
for the time being暂时
ahead of time提前
take one’s time别着急
Even if one makes a mistake，correcting mistakes in time is a good thing.
即使犯了错，及时改正也是一件好事。
[夯实基础]
用time的短语填空
(1)At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable.
(2)I want to be home in time for tea.
(3)You’d better do one thing at a time，so that you can concentrate on it.
(4)At one time，that kind of thing would have made me really angry.
[应试指导]　熟词新义的考查
put away把……收起来，放好；储存
put back放回原处；耽搁
put down放下；写下，记下；镇压
put up with忍受，忍耐
put on穿上；上演
In Picture 1，a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps，but in vain.
在第一幅画中，一个男子正努力把一面横幅标语挂在一棵被树桩包围的树上，但没有成功。(江苏·书面表达)
Tall buildings have been put up，including classrooms，laboratory buildings and a library.
包括教室、实验楼和图书馆在内的许多大楼已经建起来了。(福建·书面表达)
[夯实基础]
写出下列句子中put up的汉语意思
(1)She put up a notice about the school trip to Italy.张贴
(2)Several of the banks have decided to put up their interest rates.提高
(3)I was soaked before I could put my umbrella up.举起
(4)Would you be able to put me up for the night when I come to London？留宿
(5)It was Clare who first put up the idea of a concert to raise money for the school.提出
(6)John was in the garden putting a fence up.建造，搭建
[应试指导]　“carry＋副词”类语境词义辨析
carry away拿走；冲走；吸引住
carry back将……送/带回原地；使某人记起
carry off赢得；获得
carry out执行；实施；履行；完成
carry through达成；贯彻；使渡过难关
Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work.
她的勇气激发了他继续生活和工作的意愿。
She was yelling and screaming and carrying on.
她又喊又叫，嘴里说个不停。
[夯实基础]
用carry短语的适当形式填空
(1)Carry on with your work and try to get it finished while I’m away.
(2)The first thing to be done is to carry away the earth.
(3)Police say they believe the last week’s attacks were carried out by nationalists.
在sb./sth.be said/thought/believed/hoped...to do/to be doing/to have done结构中，根据动词不定式和said等动作之间的时间关系来断定使用不定式的一般式、进行式还是完成式。
It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
经常听人说人类天生就有说话的能力。
It is reported that John is one of the best teachers in the school.
据报道约翰是这个学校最好的老师之一。
[特别提醒]
上述结构可改为It is said that...据说……；It is thought that...大家认为……；It is believed that...人们相信……；It is hoped that...人们希望……
[夯实基础]
同义句改写(用he作主语改写下列句子)
(1)It is supposed that he is working in that big company.
He is supposed to be working in that big company.
(2)It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
He is said to have written a new book about workers.
(3)It is thought that he often helps the people in need.
He is often thought to help the people in need.
If a friend gets an invitation to a wedding，you can go with him/her，even if you don’t receive an invitation yourself.如果一个朋友收到婚礼的请帖，即使你本人没有收到请帖，也可以和他?她?一起去。
?1?even if/though即使；尽管，引导让步状语从句，在从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。在主从句主语相同时也可采用省略句结构。
?2?as if/though好像；似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句，若从句描述的情形和实际相反，从句要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句动词用过去时；与过去事实相反，从句动词常用过去完成时。
?3?even so即使如此；尽管这样
He won’t join us even if invited.
即使被邀请，他也不会加入我们。
A young couple in a boat were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.
一对年轻的夫妇坐在船里，一边吃东西一边大声地谈笑，好像他们是世上唯一的人。(福建·书面表达)
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①I’ll go there even if the weather is (be) bad tomorrow.
②Even though the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year.
(2)He won’t come to our party even if invited.
He won’t come to our party even if he is invited.(补全句子中的省略成分)
After lunch，the adults slept on the sofas in front of the Queen’s speech on television while we all played cards.午饭后，大人们听着电视中女王的演讲在沙发上睡着了，而我们却在玩扑克。
while用法较多，既可用作连词，也可用作名词。
?1?表示“在……期间；当……时候”，指一段时间，引导时间状语从句；
?2?表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句；
?3?表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句；
?4?表示“而；却”，是并列连词，构成并列句；
?5?用作名词，表示“一会儿；一段时间”，如after a while过了一会儿；once in a while偶尔，间或。
You like sports，while I’d rather read.
你喜欢运动，而我却喜欢读书。
Never get on or off a bus while it is moving.
车没停稳时千万不要上下车。
[夯实基础]
(1)While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
(2)Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.
(3)Baseball requires teamwork while tennis is an individual sport.
(4)She fell asleep while watching (watch) TV.
——语法填空
(1)In some parts of the world，tea is served(serve) with milk and sugar.
(2)The boy whom you lent money to was hit(hit) by a car.
(3)I should have been there，but I could(can) not catch the bus.
(4)Jack described his father，who must have been(must be) a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man.
(5)He ought to have done(ought to do) his work yesterday，but he went to the cinema with his friends.
Ⅰ.语法填空(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It 61.was (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it 62.actually(actual) caught fire and burned.Now，years later，this river is one of 63.the most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64.or even a few months.It took years of work 65.to reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66.cleaner (clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit 67.that/which is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation，don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are 68.amazing(amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 69.changes(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be 70.patient(patience)．
Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译
1．所以，我没有及时抽出足够的时间给你写回信。(in time)(2013·山东·写作)
Therefore，I couldn’t spare enough time to write back to you in time.
2．人们有不同的方法庆祝地球日。(celebrate)(2013·江苏·书面表达)
People celebrate Earth Day differently.
3．9月10号下午，我们中的一些人用纸花和气球装饰教室。(decorate)(2012·陕西·书面表达)
On the afternoon of September 10，some of us decorated our classroom with paper flowers and balloons.
4．因此，为了提高人们保护北极熊的意识，我真诚地申请担任北极熊代言人。(apply)(2011·重庆·书面表达)
So，in order to increase people’s awareness of protecting polar bears，I apply for the spokesman for polar bears sincerely.
5．开始，大多数活都由我来做，而其他学生对班级活动很不在乎。(while)(2011·湖北·短文写作)
At first，I did most of the duties myself while other students cared little about class activities.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Even though my hero has only one arm，she can do everything that we can do.
2．The manager wants to see changes in the company，and I am sure he will in time.
3．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told that it was being decorated (decorate)．
4．At school，some students are active while some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.
5．It is reported(report) that Japan has overtaken German in industrial production.
6．Now a lot of new technologies can be applied to solving(solve) problems in industry.
7．—Would you like to go to the cinema with us after work?
—I’m afraid not，for I have some urgent business to attend to.
8．He began to take politics seriously(serious) only when he left school.
9．—Are you confident of the match tomorrow?
—You may depend on it that I will win it.
10．AIDS is said to have been(be) the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．On such occasion can you go there with her.such→no
2．I will surely do everything in power to help you.in后加上my
3．He at last decided to rent the house better decorating.decorating→decorated
4．General Secretary Xi Jinping paid a visit to the US by the invitation of Obama.by→at/on
5．This kind of book is designed for the growns-up.growns-up→grown-ups
6．Every morning after he gets up，he usually has a cup of boiling water.boiling→boiled
7．Exhausted but merrily，they went home，with everything done.merrily→merry
8．I’m ordering some extra office equipment, included some new desks and a word processor.included→including
9．I want to buy the box，which can serve for a desk.for→as
10．First of all you’d better apply some medicine on his wound.on→to
Ⅲ.写作句式升级训练
1．As a member of the society，I realize that responsibility is the thing that it needs to make a better and more harmonious society.(素材来源于2014·湖北·短文写作)
Being a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better and more harmonious society.(用being...，aware及what从句改写句子)
2．Last but equally important，I’d also like to know the cost for the course and whether the cost includes the accommodation.(素材来源于2014·新课标全国Ⅰ·书面表达)
Last but not least，I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.(用least，how much 及 include的被动形式改写句子)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Mrs.Obama spoke to the graduates of Martin Luther King，Jr.High School on Saturday in her only high school commencement(毕业典礼) speech this year.The ceremony took place in the gymnasium of Tennessee State University.
The first lady told the 170 graduates that she spent too much of her time in college focusing on academic achievements.While her success in college and law school led to a good job，she said，she ended up focusing on public service.“My message to you today is that don’t waste a minute living someone else’s dream，” she said.“It takes a lot of real work to discover what brings you joy and you won’t find what you love simply by checking mailboxes or surfing the net.”
She said MLK reminded her of her own high school experience in Chicago.“My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me，” she said.“I wanted to go somewhere that would celebrate achievement.Unfortunately，schools like this don’t exist for every kid，” she said.“You are blessed.”
The first lady told graduates that failure may be a part of their college lives and careers，and that how they respond determines what they will become.“That’s when you find out what you’re really made of in those hard times，” she said.“But you can only do that if you’re willing to put yourself in a position where you might fail.” Overcoming difficulties has been the mark of many great people，she said，“Oprah was demoted(使降职) from her first job as a news reporter and now she doesn’t even need a last name，” she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey.“And then there’s this guy Barack Obama.I could take up a whole afternoon talking about his failures.He lost his first race for Congress，”the first lady joked，“and now he gets to call himself my husband.”
1．When choosing her high school，Mrs.Obama
A．was willing to meet challenges
B．was pushed to make a choice
C．failed to find an ideal school
D．wanted to study law
解析　细节理解题。依据文章第三段中的“‘My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me，’．..”可知，应选A项。
2．By mentioning Oprah’s example，Mrs.Obama wanted to tell graduates
A．to start as a news reporter
B．to work hard to get promoted
C．to be brave enough to risk failing
D．not to waste time doing what they dislike
解析　推理判断题。作者在文章第四段中谈到了Oprah在从事第一份工作时曾被降职，但是后来却成为了传媒巨人。故此处第一夫人是在告诫毕业生应该有面对失败的勇气。故选C项。
3．What do we know about Mrs.Obama from the text?
A．This was the first time she gave a speech to graduates.
B．She complained about her school life in her speech.
C．She is a graduate of Tennessee State University.
D．She is enthusiastic about public service.
解析　细节理解题。依据文章第二段的内容可知，当年第一夫人放弃了好的工作，毅然投身于公共服务事业，由此可知，第一夫人对公共服务事业充满热情。故选D项。
4．Where can you probably find this text?
A．In a politics book.
B．On a news website.
C．In a graduation paper.
D．On Mrs.Obama’s blog.
解析　文章出处题。文章第一段点明了主题——在马丁·路德·金高中的毕业典礼上，米歇尔·奥巴马发表演讲，这是她今年的唯一一场高中演讲。由此可知，这是一篇新闻报道。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
One October morning，the sky was clear and the sun was shining.Bethany Hamilton decided to go
with some friends in Hawaii.
As one of the best teenage surfers in the world，the 13-year-old American girl was planning to become a
surfer.Cheerfully，she was lying on her surfboard，waiting for the next big wave.Suddenly，a big shark
her left arm and shook her backwards and forwards.Bethany held onto her board and the shark eventually swam away—but it took her
away with it.
，it attacked only once.It happened so fast that she didn’t even
As Bethany started to swim back to the beach with one arm，her friends thought she was joking.But to their horror，they saw the
and rushed to help.
Having lost almost half the blood，Bethany’s
was a miracle(奇迹)，according to doctors.But she wanted to do
just survive.
“It never crossed my mind that I might never get on a surfboard again，” she recalled later.“I wondered whether I would actually be
to do it or not.But
I left hospital，I had decided that I was going to surf.”
With the support of her family，Bethany
to get back on her board only one month after the attack.Her dad fixed a handle on her surfboard to help her paddle(划水) through and into waves.
When she returned to surfing at a competition in Hawaii，Bethany was
in dangerous waves that broke her surfboard.As a result，she gave away her remaining boards and quit.She tried using an artificial arm，but it turned out to be
while surfing.
in Thailand in the 2004 earthquake and helping homeless survivors who had lost everything，Bethany
her decision to give up the sport she loved and
to try professional surfing again.Less than a year after the accident，she won first place in a surfing competition in Hawaii.And all her struggles and efforts
when she won in a world championship years later.
She also received several
，including a special award for courage at the MTV Teen Choice Awards in 2004 and the Woman of the Year award from King Fahd of Saudi Arabia in 2006.Her
，true story gained wider attention with the release(发行) of the film “Soul Surfer”．
5．A.swimming
B．boating
C．sailing
D．surfing
解析　根据第二段第一句中的“the best teenage surfers in the world”可知，Bethany决定和朋友们一起去夏威夷冲浪(surfing)。
6．A.professional
D．special
解析　文中说Bethany是世界上最好的青少年冲浪选手之一，因此这里表示她打算成为一名专业的(professional)冲浪运动员。
7．A.touched
解析　Bethany躺在冲浪板上的时候，一头大鲨鱼咬(bite)住了她的左臂。
B．surfboard
解析　根据下文中的“...Bethany started to swim back to the beach with one arm...”可知，鲨鱼把Bethany的左臂(arm)咬掉了。
9．A.Strangely
B．Especially
C．Surprisingly
D．Fortunately
解析　这只鲨鱼攻击了Bethany一次，她已经很幸运(Fortunately)了。
10．A.think
解析　这一切发生得太快了，Bethany连叫喊(scream)的时间都没有。
11．A.shark
解析　上文说Bethany的朋友以为Bethany在开玩笑，因此，当他们看到Bethany身上的血(blood)的时候很惊恐并急忙去帮忙。
12．A.survival
B．courage
C．accident
解析　Bethany身上一半的血都流掉了，因此她能够活(survival)下来是个奇迹。下文中的“just survive”也是提示。
13．A.rather than
B．more than
C．better than
D．other than
解析　但是Bethany想做的不仅仅(more than)是活下来。
14．A.suitable
解析　Bethany想知道她是否能够(able)冲浪。
15．A.while
解析　此处表示Bethany的决心，在出院之前 (before)她就已经下定决心要继续进行冲浪。由时态可知，decide这个动作发生在left之前，故用before。
16．A.hoped
B．managed
D．offered
解析　这里用manage to do sth.表示“设法做成某事”。
17．A.caught
B．noticed
解析　文中说海浪把Bethany的冲浪板都打破了，因此这里用be caught in表示“被卷入，陷入”：她被卷进了危险的海湾中。
18．A.helpful
B．useless
C．wonderful
D．meaningless
解析　根据本句中的转折连词“but”可知，Bethany安装的假臂在冲浪的时候是无用的(useless)。
19．A.training
B．settling
C．traveling
D．volunteering
解析　根据本句中的“helping homeless survivors”可知，Bethany 2004年时在泰国当志愿者帮助地震灾民。故选D项。
20．A.reconsidered
B．remembered
C．recognized
D．recalled
解析　这里用reconsider表示“重新考虑”：Bethany重新考虑自己放弃冲浪运动的决定对不对。
21．A.refused
B．started
C．decided
D．continued
解析　这里用decide与前面的reconsider呼应，表示Bethany重新考虑之后的决定。
22．A.paid out
B．paid for
C．paid in
D．paid off
解析　根据语境的叙述判断选D表示“成功，奏效，达到目的”：当Bethany几年后在一场世界锦标赛中获得成功时，她的一切奋斗和努力都达到了目的。
23．A.gifts
C．rewards
D．praises
解析　下文多处提到“award”，因此选B项表示“荣誉，荣耀”。
24．A.exciting
B．dangerous
C．inspiring
D．adventurous
解析　这里用inspiring总结Bethany的奋斗历程，表示“鼓舞人心的”。
Ⅲ.语法填空
I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled—A Real Test in My Life—before the whole class at the age of 9！You can imagine how 25.terribly(terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes 26.fixed(fix) upon me.I had no 27.choice(choose) but to prepare for it，though.First of all，I was to draft the speech，which was just a piece of cake for me，a good
writer.But the hardest part 28.lay(lie) in my oral presentation from my memory—for to read from the paper was not allowed.The real moment began 29.when I stood on the platform with my legs
trembling and my mind blank.But my 30.listeners(listen) were waiting patiently without any signs of
rushing me.Gradually I found myself back，giving out my speech with difficulty.After what
seemed to be a hundred years，I found my audience applauding—I made 31.it！From then on，my fear of talking before a big audience 32.disappeared(appear)．Actually，with my confidence building up，I now turn out to be a great speaker.Looking back，I know the greatest difficulty on our way 33.to success is our fear.Overcome it,34.and we will be able to achieve our goals.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (pocket money)．The purpose is to let children learn from experiences at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly.
The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family.Timing is another consideration.Some children get a weekly allowance.Others get a monthly allowance.
In any case，parents should make clear what，if anything，the child is expected to pay for with the money.At first，young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it.If they do this，they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget(预算)．Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance.The object is to show young people that a budget demands a choice between spending and saving.Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs，like clothing or electronics.
Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a good idea to pay your child for work around the home.These jobs are a normal part of family life.Paying children to do extra work around the house，however，can be useful.It can even provide an understanding of how a business works.
Allowances give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with money.They can share it in the form of gifts or giving a good cause.They can spend it by buying things they want.Or they can save it.
Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice.You have to cut costs and plan for the future.Requiring children to save part of their allowances can also open the door to future saving and investing.Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance.A saving account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest.
Compounding works by paying interest.So，for example，one dollar invested at two percent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year.The second year，the money will earn two percent of one dollar and two cents，and so on.That may not seem like a lot，but over time it adds up.
1．Parents give their children allowances in order to
A．show off their wealth of family
B．let them make more money
C．let them learn the value of money
D．help children manage family finance
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (pocket money)．”可知，父母给孩子零花钱是为了让孩子认识到金钱的价值。故选C项。
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The time to give allowances.
B．The way to spend allowances.
C．The amount of allowances given to children.
D．Considerations taken to give allowances.
解析　段落大意题。第二段主要介绍父母给孩子零花钱需要考虑的因素：数量和时间，因此选择D。
3．Why are parents advised to offer young children allowances strictly as planned?
A．To help children learn to make a budget.
B．To have children save money for larger costs.
C．To let children make fewer mistakes.
D．To give them more allowances next time.
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，父母被建议严格按计划给孩子零花钱，是想帮助孩子学会做预算。故选A。
4．What does the author intend to tell the readers?
A．The methods of limiting allowances.
B．The advice on a better family budget.
C．Teaching children to use allowances wisely.
D．Offering allowances to children properly.
解析　写作意图题。作者主要介绍了父母如何管理孩子的零花钱，因此作者想告诉读者如何教孩子们明智地使用零花钱。故选C。
Ⅱ.阅读填空
How to not be a slave to technology
Schwartz，CEO of The Energy Project，shared four of his most important tools for applying technology more productively，and building a work life that supports—rather than wastes—your energy.
Build daily rituals(习惯)．
Build highly specific behaviors that you do at precise times over and over again until it becomes as automatic as brushing your teeth at night.The best way to prioritize(优先考虑) what’s important to us and make sure we actually do the things we care about is to create highly specific habits.
Take a “first things first” approach to your mornings.
Ninety-five percent of people have more energy early in the morning than they do as the day wears on，and they also have fewer distractions(干扰)．So if that’s the case，why wouldn’t you do the most important thing when you have the most energy?
Use technologies selectively.If you expose yourself to different forms of technology continuously，they will pull you in the way a drug would，even when you know it’s not serving you well.Keep technological temptations(诱惑物) away when you find yourself getting too distracted—or as Schwartz puts it：“
Many of us live our lives in a gray zone—we’re not fully focused on work when we’re working，and during our leisure time，we’re not fully relaxed.This leaves us feeling distracted.Schwartz’s advice？
Applying less than your full focus doesn’t just make you less productive；distraction keeps you from being fulfilled by and connected to your work.Distraction is the enemy to meaning.
A．Be intentional with your energy.
B．Do the most important thing first every day.
C．Taking breaks throughout the workday is a nice thought.
D．If you’re trying to lose weight，don’t have cupcakes in the fridge.
E．We’ve crossed the line of being able to effectively manage all of the information coming at us.
F．When you’re working，you’re really working；and when you’re relaxing，you’re really relaxing.
G．The only way to ensure that things that aren’t urgent but are important happen is to develop habits.
答案　5.G　6.B　7.D　8.A　9.F
Ⅲ.短文改错
While my big brother was run in a cross-country race at a golf course，my friends and I decided to go exploring.We were walking around in the woods that surrounded a course then I saw two golf balls at the bottom of a hill.When they went down to check if there were any more，we were shocked at what we found.There are thousands of balls down there.Excitedly，we ran and collected as much as possible.When we returned down the hill，we had almost three bags golf balls.It just shows that with a little exploration，and you never know that you may find.
While my big brother was
in a cross-country race at a golf course，my friends and I decided to go exploring.We were walking around in the woods that surrounded
I saw two golf balls at the bottom of a hill.When
went down to check if there were any more，we were shocked at what we found.There
thousands of balls down there.Excitedly，we ran and collected as
as possible.When we returned
the hill，we had almost three bags
golf balls.It just shows that with a little exploration，and you never know
you may find.
Ⅳ.书面表达
年年过年，年年味淡。
其实，国人还是普遍希望能过上一个快乐的春节的，但随着人们生活节奏的加快，过年一年不如一年热闹，让很多人感到困惑、无奈，越来越多的人觉得过年失去了“年味儿”。那到底是什么导致了这样一种现象呢？针对“变淡了的年味儿”这一现象，写一篇100词左右的作文。
内容应包括：
1．描述这一社会现象；
2．阐述你的看法。
注意：1.开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：年味儿the atmosphere of the Spring Festival
In recent years，many of us have noticed a frustrating phenomenon that in spite of our unwillingness，the atmosphere of the Spring Festival is gradually fading away.
In recent years，many of us have noticed a frustrating phenomenon that in spite of our unwillingness，the atmosphere of the Spring Festival is gradually fading away.During the past Spring Festival，most people paid visits to their relatives and friends as they used to，only to find the atmosphere changed a lot—there was less joy of getting together but more anxiety about work and study.
These changes are hard to avoid with the pace of life speeding up nowadays.Everyone is taking on too many burdens，which we are not able to get away with even when taking holidays.As a result of that，we may well find it difficult to squeeze out enough time celebrating the Spring Festival.What’s more，with the frequent usage of electronic devices，we are getting impatient with face-to-face talkings and real-life activities.Thus，the atmosphere of the Spring Festival fades away gradually and inevitably.
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